Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Boltzmann Distributions'
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Vilquin, Alexandre. "Structure des ondes de choc dans les gaz granulaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0349/document.
Full textIn different materials such as gases, plasmas and granular material, an object, moving at supersonic speed,compresses and heats the fluid ahead. The shock front is the out-of-equilibrium area, where violent changesin temperature, pressure and density occur. It has a particular structure with notably strongly non-Gaussianparticle velocity distributions, which are difficult to observe. In an important breakthrough in 1951, Mott-Smithdescribes the shock front as a superposition of two states: the initial supersonic gas and the compressed andheated subsonic gas, implying existence of bimodal velocity distributions. Several experiences at high Machnumbers show this overall bimodal structure. However this model does not explain the existence of a surplusof particles with intermediate velocities, between the supersonic and the subsonic gas.This thesis focuses on shock waves in granular gases, where particles undergo only inelastic binary collisions.In these dissipative gases, the granular temperature, reflecting the particle random motion, allows to definethe equivalent to the speed of sound by analogy with molecular gases. The low values of this speed of soundpermit to generate easily shock waves in which each particle can be tracked, unlike molecular gases. The firstpart of this work focuses on the effect of the energy dissipation, due to inelastic collisions, on the shock frontstructure in granular gases. Modifications induced on temperature, density and mean velocity, are captured bya model based on the bimodal hypothesis of Mott-Smith and including energy dissipation. The second part isdevoted to the study of velocity distributions in the shock front. From experiences in granular gases, a trimodaldescription, including an additional intermediate state, is proposed and successfully extended to the velocitydistributions in molecular gases
Shi, Yong. "Lattice Boltzmann models for microscale fluid flows and heat transfer /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202006%20SHI.
Full textJin, Kang Meir Amnon J. "The lattice gas model and Lattice Boltzmann model on hexagonal grids." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/JIN_KANG_53.pdf.
Full textLuo, Li-Shi. "Lattice-gas automata and lattice Boltzmann equations for two-dimensional hydrodynamics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30259.
Full textMori, Hideo, Tomohide Niimi, Isao Akiyama, and Takumi Tsuzuki. "Experimental detection of rotational non-Boltzmann distribution in supersonic free molecular nitrogen flows." American Institite of Physics, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6963.
Full textHernandez, Freddy. "Fluctuations à l'équilibre d'un modèle stochastique non gradient qui conserve l'énergie." Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090029.
Full textIn this thesis we study the equilibrium energy fluctuation field of a one-dimensional reversible non gradient model. We prove that the limit fluctuation process is governed by a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. By adapting the non gradient method introduced by S. R. S Varadhan, we identify the correct diffusion term, which allows us to derive the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle. This is the key point to show that the energy fluctuation field converges in the sense of finite dimensional distributions to a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Moreover, using again the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle we also prove tightness for the energy fluctuation field in a specified Sobolev space, which together with the finite dimensional convergence implies the convergence in distribution to the generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process mentioned above. The fact that the conserved quantity is not a linear functional of the coordinates of the system, introduces new difficulties of geometric nature in applying Varadhan's non gradient method
Redwane, Hicham. "Solutions normalisées de problèmes paraboliques et elliptiques non linéaires." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES059.
Full textSosov, Yuriy. "Legendre Polynomial Expansion of the Electron Boltzmann Equation Applied to the Discharge in Argon." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1145290801.
Full textChidiac, Chidiac. "Modélisation de la relaxation rotationnelle de CO en jet supersonique libre : effet de la condensation et des phénomènes de glissement." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0069.
Full textMarcou, Olivier. "Modélisation et contrôle d’écoulements à surface libre par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1001.
Full textThis PhD work considers the general problem of modelling and simulation of complex systems and deals with the domain of control and management of water resources. We propose here an original approach based on Lattice Boltzmann models (LB) for modelling free surface flows in irrigation canals, usually described with the non-linear shallow water equations. We adapted a bi-fluid model and studied the boundary conditions which allow to reproduce the geometry of a free-surface irrigation canal. Methods for estimating the desired hydraulic quantities were developed. We studied the behavior of submerged underflow gates, and we show that the model is able to spontaneously and correctly describe how the gates function in quite different situations. Validations were realized by comparing results from simulations and experimentations performed on a laboratory micro-canal facility. We also introduced sedimentation phenomena in the model and studied the influence of a sedimentation deposit on the flow. Comparisons between experimental and simulation results were also performed and converged
Holl, Pascal. "Simulation du transport des électrons a travers une barrière de potential dans le silicium avec l’équation de Boltzmann." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0071.
Full textHot carrier act on voltage breakdown of power semiconductor device, because of hot carrier injection into insulators. In this work, we consider a similar but simple problem of unidimensional electron transport across a potential barrier (a grain boundary). Our aim is a device simulation but not an accurate behaviour study of semiconductor material. The numerical method is based on the distribution function representation with a Hermite function series depending on speed variable ? This report shows numerous simulation and tries to define boundaries of the method. We note that the convergence is more difficult when the observed variable corresponds to a high order moment of the distribution function. More aver, we have found an important 'turbulence » phenomenon after crossing the obstacle (the grain boundary) which corresponds, in a similar way, to turbulence phenomenon in fluid mechanics
Brand, Rene. "An econophysical investigation : using the Boltzmann distribution to determine market temperature as applied to the JSE all share index." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/879.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Econophysics is a relatively new branch of physics. It entails the use of models in physics applied to economics. The distributions of financial time series are the aspect most intensely studied by physicists. This study is based on a study by Kleinert and Chen who applied the Boltzmann distribution to stock exchange data to define a market temperature that may be used by investors to indicate an impending stock market crash. Most econophysicists’ analysed the tail regions of the distributions as the tails represent risk in financial data. This study’s focus of analysis, on the other hand is the characterisation of the central portion of the probability distribution. The Boltzmann distribution, a cornerstone in statistical physics, yields an exponential distribution. The objective of this study is to investigate the suitability of using a market volatility forecasting method from econophysics, namely the Boltzmann/market temperature method. As econometric benchmark the ARCH/GARCH method is used. Stock market indices are known to be non-normally (non-Gaussian) distributed. The distribution pattern of a stock market index of reasonable high sampling frequency (typically interday or intraday) is leptokurtic with heavy tails. Mesoscopic (interday) distributions of financial time series have been found to be exponential distributions. If the empirical exponential distribution is therefore interpreted as a Boltzmann distribution, then a market temperature can be calculated from the exponential distribution. Empirical data for this study is in the form of daily closing values of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) All Share Index (ALSI) and the Standard & Poor 500 (S & P 500) index for the period 1995 through to 2008. The Kleinert and Chen study made use of intraday data obtained from established markets. This study differs from the Kleinert and Chen study in that interday data obtained from an emerging market, namely the South African stock market is used. Neither of the aforementioned two differences had a significant influence on the results of this study. The JSE ALSI log-return data displays non-Gaussian properties and the Laplace (double exponential) distribution fit the data well. A plot of the market temperature provided a clear indication of when stock market crashes occurred. Results of the econophysical (Boltzmann/market temperature) method compared well to results of the econometric (ARCH/GARCH) method and subject to certain improvements can be utilised successfully. A leptokurtic, non-Gaussian nature was established for daily log-returns of the JSE ALSI and the S & P 500 index. The Laplace (double exponential) distribution fit the annual logreturns of the JSE ALSI and S & P 500 index well. As a result of the good Laplace fit, annual market temperatures could be calculated for the JSE ALSI and the S & P 500 index. The market temperature method was effective in identifying market crashes for both indices, but a limitation of the method is that only annual market temperatures can be determined. The availability of intraday stock index data should improve the interval for which market temperature can be determined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ekonofisika is ‘n relatiewe nuwe studieveld. Dit behels die toepassing van fisiese modelle op finansiële data. Die waarskynlikheidsversdelings van finansiële tydreekse is die aspek wat meeste deur fisisie bestudeer word. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op ‘n studie deur Kleinert en Chen. Hulle het die Boltzmann-verspreiding op ‘n aandele-indeks toegepas en ‘n mark-temperatuur bepaal. Hierdie mark-temperatuur kan deur ontleders gebruik word as waarskuwingsmeganisme teen moontlike aandelebeurs ineenstortings. Die meeste fisisie het die uiterste areas van die verspreidingskurwes geanaliseer omdat hierdie uiterste area risiko in finansiële data verteenwoordig. Die analitiese fokus van hierdie studie, aan die ander kant, is die karakterisering van die die sentrale areas van die waarskeinlikheidsverdeling. Die Boltzmann verspreiding, die hoeksteen van Statistiese Fisika lewer ‘n eksponensiële waarskynlikheidsverdeling. Die doel van hierdie studie is om ‘n ondersoek te doen na die geskiktheid van die gebruik van ‘n ekonofisiese, vooruitskattingsmetode, naamlik die Boltzmann/mark-temperatuur model. As ekonometriese verwysing is die “ARCH/GARCH” metode toegepas. Aandelemark indekse is bekend vir die nie-Gaussiese verspreiding daarvan. Die verspreidingspatroon van ‘n aandelemark indeks met‘n redelike hoë steekproef frekwensie (in die orde van ‘n dag of minder) is leptokurties met breë stert-dele. Mesoskopiese (interdag) verspreidings van finansiële tydreekse is getipeer as eksponensieël. Indien die empiriese eksponensiële-verspreiding as ‘n Boltzmann-verspreiding geinterpreteer word, kan ‘n mark-temperatuur daarvoor bereken word. Empiriese data vir die gebruik in hierdie studie is in die vorm van daaglikse sluitingswaardes van die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs (JSE) se Alle Aandele Indeks (ALSI) en die Standard en Poor 500 (S & P 500) indeks vir die periode 1995 tot en met 2008. Die Kleinert en Chen studie het van intradag data vanuit ‘n ontwikkelde mark gebruik gemaak. Hierdie studie verskil egter van die Kleinert en Chen studie deurdat van interdag data vanuit ‘n opkomende mark, naamlik die Suid-Afrikaanse aandelemark, gebruik is. Nie een van die twee voorafgaande verskille het ‘n beduidende invloed op die resultate van hierdie studie gehad nie. Die JSE ALSI se logaritmiese opbrengs data vertoon nie-Gaussiese eienskappe en die Laplace (dubbeleksponensiële) verspreiding beskryf die data goed. ‘n Grafiek van die mark-temperatuur vertoon duidelik wanneer aandelemarkineenstortings plaasgevind het. Resultate van die ekonofisiese (Boltzmann/mark-temperatuur) metode vergelyk goed met resultate van die ekonometriese (“ARCH/GARCH”) metode en onderhewig aan sekere verbeteringe kan dit met sukses toegepas word. ‘n Leptokurtiese, nie-Gaussiese aard is vir daaglike opbrengswaardes vir die JSE ALSI en die S & P 500 indeks vasgestel. ‘n Laplace (dubbel-eksponensiële) verspreiding kan goed op die jaarlikse logaritmiese opbrengste van die JSE ALSI en die S & P 500 indeks toegepas word. As gevolg van die goeie aanwending van die Laplace-verspreiding kan ‘n jaarlikse mark-temperatuur vir die JSE ALSI en die S & P 500 indeks bereken word. Die mark-temperatuur metode is effektief in die identifisering van aandelemarkineenstorings vir beide indekse, hoewel daar ‘n beperking is op die aantal mark-temperature wat bereken kan word. Die beskikbaarheid van intradag aandele indekswaardes behoort die interval waarvoor mark-temperature bereken kan word te verbeter.
Palau, Jean-Marc. "Corrélations entre données nucléaires et expériences intégrales à plaques : le cas du hafnium." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11038.
Full textSellami, Sami. "Comportements hydrodynamiques d'un modèle non gradient : l'exclusion simple généralisée." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES083.
Full textThis thesis is constituted by two parts. In the first one, we study the equilibrium density fluctuation field of a one-dimensional reversible nongradient model. We prove, for the generalized exclusion process, the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle. This principle, first introduced by Brox and Rost, is the basic stage which enables us to show afterwards that our process converges in law to a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, by applying Holley and Stroock's theory. In the second part, made in collaboration with C. Landim and M. Mourragui, we consider a nonlinear parabolic equation on a square with boundary conditions. Assuming that the diffusion coefficient is Lipschitz, we prove that the rescaled density field converges to the unique weak solution of the parabolic equation
Duchateau, Julien. "Parallélisation de simulations physiques utilisant un modéle de Boltzmann mullti-phases et multi-composants en vue d'un épandage de GNL sur sol." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0393/document.
Full textThis thesis has for goal to define and develop solutions in order to achieve physical simulations on large simulation domains such as industrial sites (Dunkerque LNG Terminal). The simulation model is based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and allows to treat several simulation cases. The use of several computing architectures are studied in this work. The use of a multicore central processing unit (CPU) and also several graphics processing units (GPUS) is considered. An efficient parllelization of the simulation model is obtained by the use of several GPUS able to calculate in parallel. A progressive mesh algorithm is also defined in order to automatically mesh the simulation domain according to fluids propagation. Its integration on a multi-GPU architecture is studied. Finally, an "out-of-core" method is introduced in order to handle cases that require more memory than all GPUS have. Indeed, GPU memory is generally significantly inferior to the CPU memory. The definition of an exchange system between GPUS and the CPU is therefore essential
Papon, Laurence. "Approximation paraxiale des équations de Vlasov-Maxwell et applications." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066619.
Full textSouza, Tereza Pereira de. "Análise do comportamento iônico em sistemas constituídos por micelas aniônicas, zwitteriônicas ou vesículas catiônicas: uma abordagem teórica por aproximação de campo médio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-18102006-155234/.
Full textMembranes and organelles are structures present in biological systems. Such structures are interfaces between electrolytes. Addressing to the description, interpretation and comprehension of the ionic distribution around the structures an attempt is done is this work analyzing experimental results from the investigation of the following systems: 1) SDS micelles. \"pH\" measurements in the micellar surface neighborhood using salicylic acid probes show the pH values dependence with the SDS and added salt concentrations. The experiments aimed to infer the pH behavior in biological membranes where same phospholipids may dissociate and portions of the surface can acquire electrical charges. 2) The zwitterionic nature of biological membranes leads to the investigation of ion binding in zwitterionic micelles in electrolyte solutions with varied concentrations of Cl- or Br
Lambiotte, Renaud. "Inelastic gases: a paradigm for far-from-equilibrium systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211103.
Full textCe travail consiste à étudier des systèmes constitués par un grand nombre de grains, auxquels de l’énergie cinétique est fournie, et à étudier leurs similarités et leurs différences avec des fluides traditionnels. Je me concentre principalement sur la nature de non-équilibre de ces fluides granulaires, en montrant que, même si les méthodes de méchanique statistique y sont applicables, leurs propriétés sont très différentes de celles de systèmes à l’équilibre ou proches de l’équilibre :
- Les fluides granulaires présentent des phénomènes de transport qui n’ont pas d’équivalent dans des fluides moléculaires, tels qu’un couplage spécifique entre flux de chaleur et gradient de densité.
- Leur distribution de vitesse est en général différente de la distribution de Maxwell-Boltzmann, et présente une surpopulation pour les grandes vitesses.
- Dans le cas de mélanges, différentes espèces de grains sont en général caractérisées par des énergies cinétiques différentes, i.e. ces systèmes sont sujet à une non-equipartition de leur énergie.
- Ces fluides ont tendance à former des inhomogénéités spatiales spontanément. Cette propriété est illustrée en étudiant l’expérience du Demon de Maxwell appliquée aux systèmes granulaires.
Chacune de ces particularités est discutée en détail dans des chapitres distincts, où l’on applique différentes méthodes de méchanique statistique (équation de Boltzmann, transition de phase, mean field models…) et où l’on vérifie les prédictions théoriques par simulations numériques (MD, Monte Carlo…).
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
森, 英男, Hideo MORI, 智秀 新美, Tomohide NIIMI, 勇雄 秋山, Isao AKIYAMA, 巧. 都築, and Takumi TSUZUKI. "超音速自由分子流における非ボルツマン回転エネルギー分布の実験的解析." 日本機械学会, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9017.
Full textEl, Safadi Mouhamad. "Application de la décomposition de Littlewood-Paley à la régularité pour des équations cinétiques de type Boltzmann." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195091.
Full textDans une première partie, nous étudions le cas particulier des molécules Maxwelliennes. Sous cette hypothèse, la structure de l'opérateur de Boltzmann et de sa tranformée de Fourier s'expriment de manière simple. Nous montrons ainsi une régularité globale C^\infty.
Ensuite, nous traitons le cas des sections efficaces générales avec "potentiel dur". Nous nous intéressons d'abord à l'équation de Landau. C'est une équation limite de l'équation de Boltzmann prenant en compte les collisions rasantes. Nous prouvons que toute solution faible appartient à l'espace de Schwartz S. Nous démontrons ensuite une régularité identique pour le cas de l'équation de Boltzmann. Notons que notre méthode s'applique directement pour toutes les dimensions, en signalant que les preuves sont souvent plus simples comparées à d'autres preuves plus anciennes.
Enfin, nous terminons avec l'équation de Boltzmann-Dirac. En particulier, nous adaptons le résultat de régularité obtenu dans le travail de Alexandre, Desvillettes, Wennberg et Villani, en utilisant le taux de dissipation d'entropie relatif à l'équation de Boltzmann-Dirac.
Noel, Romain. "La méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau pour la simulation numérique des milieux continus en vue de diagnostiques à partir d’images." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM015.
Full textTo determine the evolution in time of existing bodies, it is necessary to start froma given configuration and perform predictive computations. To obtain information fromwithin the matter without destroying it, is not an easy task. When degradation is notpossible, a common way to acquire the initial configuration is the use of imaging systems.And due to the complexity of the behaviour of matter, it is also common to resort tonumerical methods in order to simulate these temporal processes. A relatively recentnumerical method called Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) tackles the evolution processat a mesoscopic scale. The combination of these two fields is originally investigated in thisthesis, around the use of the LBM for numerical simulations of continuum medium aimingimage-based diagnostics.Foremost, an extension of the LBM to the morphological mathematics is suggested.It contributes to the development of a new concept: the coupling of image processing,mechanical and biological simulations on a single network. Then, the simulation of solidswith LBM is addressed, using two different approaches. The first one provides an analyticalMultiple Relaxation Times methods to generate arbitrary stress tensor and heat flux. Thesecond introduces the divergence of the stress tensor into the Vlasov equation. Bothapproaches are numerically confronted with theoretical results in 1D and 2D and offerpromising perspectives
Godinho, Pereira David. "Contribution à l'étude des équations de Boltzmann, Kac et Keller-Segel à l'aide d'équations différentielles stochastiques non linéaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975091.
Full text森, 英男, Hideo MORI, 智秀 新美, Tomohide NIIMI, 健二 丹羽, Kenji NIWA, 勇雄 秋山, and Isao AKIYAMA. "REMPIによる超音速自由分子流における回転温度非平衡現象の解析に関する研究." 日本機械学会, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9019.
Full textOkoumou-Moko, Gilbert. "Contribution à la modélisation bidimensionnelle des phénomènes de transport dans les contacts Schottkt." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT015H.
Full textChatwiti, Abdelhafid. "Etude de l'evolution temporelle des electrons dans un gaz faiblement ionise." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30023.
Full textReymond, Georges-Olivier. "Etudes expérimentales d'atomes dans un piège dipolaire microscopique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002178.
Full textBrunet, Antoine Pierre. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l’effet d’un générateur solaire sur la charge électrostatique d’un satellite." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0042/document.
Full textThe numerical simulation of spacecraft charging can require to resolve widely different geometrical scales. In particular, solar array interconnects on the surface of solar panels have a major impact ona satellite electrostatic equilibrium. A classical model of this effect would require a mesh refined tosub-millimetre scales, on a spacecraft spanning several dozen metres, which would make the simulation computationally expensive. Moreover, the solar array interconnects can have a large positive potentialrelative to the space plasma, preventing the use of the classical Maxwell-Boltzmann model for theelectrons in the plasma. In a first part, we have developed an iterative patch method to solve thenonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation used in plasma simulations. This multigrid numerical scheme allows to resolve the impact of small-scale components on the surface of a complete spacecraft. In asecond part, we have developed a corrective scheme for the Maxwell-Boltzmann model to account for the presence of charged surfaces in the simulation. We have shown that this simple model is able to precisely compute the currents collected by the spacecraft surfaces
Nakamura, Masamichi, and Kazuhiro Yamamoto. "Simulation of heat conduction and soot combustion in diesel particulate filter." Inderscience publishers, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20055.
Full textBento, Eli?ngela Paulino. "Fundamenta??o cin?tica da estat?stica n?o gaussiana : efeitos em politr?picas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18595.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Considering a non-relativistic ideal gas, the standard foundations of kinetic theory are investigated in the context of non-gaussian statistical mechanics introduced by Kaniadakis. The new formalism is based on the generalization of the Boltzmann H-theorem and the deduction of Maxwells statistical distribution. The calculated power law distribution is parameterized through a parameter measuring the degree of non-gaussianity. In the limit = 0, the theory of gaussian Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is recovered. Two physical applications of the non-gaussian effects have been considered. The first one, the -Doppler broadening of spectral lines from an excited gas is obtained from analytical expressions. The second one, a mathematical relationship between the entropic index and the stellar polytropic index is shown by using the thermodynamic formulation for self-gravitational systems
Considerando um g?s ideal n?o relativ?stico, os fundamentos da teoria cin?tica padr?o s?o investigados no contexto da mec?nica estat?stica n?o-gaussiana introduzida por Kaniadakis. O novo formalismo ? baseado na generaliza??o do teorema-H de Boltzmann e na dedu??o de Maxwell da distribui??o estat?stica. A distribui??o lei de pot?ncia calculada ? parametrizada por um par?metro medindo o grau de n?o-gaussianidade do sistema. No limite = 0, a teoria gaussiana de Maxwell-Boltzmann ? recuperada. Duas aplica??es dos efeitos n?o-gaussiano s?o estudados. Na primeira, o -alargamento Doppler das linhas espectrais de um g?s excitado ? obtido a partir das express?es anal?ticas. Na segunda, uma rela??o matem?tica entre o ?ndice entr?pico e o ?ndice politr?pico estelar ? mostrada usando uma formula??o termodin?mica para sistemas autogravitantes
Anda, Ondo Diemer. "Modélisation et analyse des systèmes à paramètres distribués non linéaires par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau : application aux écoulements à surface libre." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860782.
Full textNtovoris, Eleftherios. "Contribution à la théorie des EDP non linéaires avec applications à la méthode des surfaces de niveau, aux fluides non newtoniens et à l'équation de Boltzmann." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1057/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of three different and independent chapters, concerning the mathematical study of three distinctive physical problems, which are modelled by three non- linear partial differential equations. These equations concern the level set method, the theory of incompressible flow of non-Newtonian materials and the kinetic theory of rare- fied gases. The first chapter of the thesis concerns the dynamics of moving interfaces and contains a rigorous justification of a numerical procedure called re-initialization, for which there are several applications in the context of the level set method. We apply these results for first order level set equations. We write the re-initialization procedure as a splitting algorithm and study the convergence of the algorithm using homogenization techniques in the time variable. As a result of the rigorous analysis, we are also able to introduce a new method for the approximation of the distance function in the context of the level set method. In the case where one only looks for a level set function with gradient bounded from below near the zero level, we propose a simpler approximation. In the general case where the zero level might present changes of topology we introduce a new notion of relaxed limits. In the second chapter of the thesis, we study a free boundary problem arising in the study of the flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian material with Drucker-Prager plasticity on an inclined plane. We derive a subdifferential equation, which we reformulate as a variational problem containing a term with linear growth in the gradient variable, and we study the problem in an unbounded domain. We show that the equations are well posed and satisfy some regularity properties. We are then able to connect the physical parameters with the abstract problem and prove some quantitative properties of the solution. In particular, we show that the solution has compact support and the support is the free boundary. We also construct explicit solutions of an ordinary differential equation, which we use to estimate the free boundary. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of infinite energy solutions of the homogeneous Boltzmann equation with Maxwellian molecules. We obtain new results concerning the existence of eternal solutions in the space of probability measure with infinite energy (i.e. the second order moment is infinite). These solutions describe the asymptotic behaviour of other infinite energy solutions but could also be useful in the study of intermediate asymptotic states of solutions with finite but arbitrarily large energy. We use harmonic analysis tools to study the equation, where the velocity variable is expressed in the Fourier space. Finally, a logarithmic scaling of the time variable allows to determine the correct asymptotic scaling of the solutions
Baranger, Céline. "Modélisation, étude mathématique et simulation des collisions." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008826.
Full textLe premier résultat que nous présentons est consacré à l'étude mathématique d'un couplage entre une équation cinétique de type Vlasov et les équations d'Euler isentropiques. Ces équations modélisent un spray fin. Nous démontrons l'existence en temps petit d'une solution régulière pour le couplage Vlasov-Euler isentropique.
Ensuite, nous présentons les équations précises relatives à la modélisation des collisions, coalescences et fragmentations dans un spray.
Nous décrivons par la suite la simulation numérique du couplage fluide-cinétique dans un code industriel (Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique), en particulier l'ajout des phénomènes de collisions.
Un deuxième modèle de fragmentation est également présenté. Ce modèle est plus pertinent dans les cas où les particules de la phase dispersée ont un grand nombre de Weber.
Enfin, nous présentons un résultat concernant une estimation explicite de trou spectral pour l'opérateur de Boltzmann avec potentiels durs linéarisé, et pour l'opérateur de Landau avec potentiels durs linéarisé.
Graf, Brolund Alice, and Rebecca Persson. "Investigating the properties of Planck's radiation law through theoretical and numerical studies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353762.
Full textEn svart kropp är intressant att undersöka på grund av dess unika förmåga att absorbera och emittera elektromagnetisk strålning. Dessvärre kan den svarta kroppen vara svår att föreställa sig. Det vedertagna knepet för att illustrera detta fenomen är att tänka sig en låda inuti vilken det finns fotoner, och därmed energi. Fotoner kan som bekant betraktas som vågor likväl som partiklar och turligt nog spelar det ingen roll vilket sätt man väljer, svartkroppsstrålningen kan studeras ur båda dessa infallsvinklar. Tänker man sig också att det finns ett mycket litet hål i lådans vägg är det lätt att inse att fotonerna kommer att lämna lådan ur detsamma. Det är denna strålning som är svartkroppsstrålning. Svartkroppsstrålningen är fördelad enligt Plancks strålningslag som vanligtvis härleds med hjälp av teorin kring statistisk fysik som appliceras på den tänkta lådan. Detta görs även i denna studie, såväl som en numerisk simulering i programmeringsspråket Python. Ett program för studier av svartkroppsstrålning, vars främsta syfte är att simulera denna med utgångspunkt i samma låda, har skapats och förväntas kunna hjälpa den intresserade att skaffa sig förståelse för egenskaperna hos Plancks lag. För detta program används med framgång den stokastiska metoden "hit and miss" som tillåter användaren att sampla slumptal från en given fördelning. Utöver Plancks lag studeras också Wiens lag. Wiens lag beskriver vid vilken frekvens strålningen kommer att ha sitt maximum och härleds ur Plancks lag. Plancks lag förekommer i många olika former vilka beskriver olika fysikaliska storheter. I denna studie utreds dessa. Att transformera mellan de olika formerna av lagen är inte så simpelt som man kan luras att tro, utan kräver viss matematisk eftertanke. Det visar sig vara avgörande att använda en mycket viktig transformationsfaktor kallad Jacobian. Detta ger såklart också konsekvenser för Wiens lag som kommer att se olika ut beroende på vilken form av Plancks lag den härleds ur.
Yousfi, Mohammed. "Contribution a l'etude de la theorie cinetique des electrons dans un gaz faiblement ionise." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30229.
Full textPrinz, František. "Simulace proudění tekutiny okolo překážek Lattice Boltzmannovou metodou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417113.
Full textLavieville, Jérôme. "Simulations numériques et modélisation des interactions entre l'entrainement par la turbulence et les collisions interparticulaires en écoulements gaz-solide." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES010.
Full textBerthias, Francis. "Thermalisation dans une nanogoutte d’eau." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1164/document.
Full textThe evaporation of a water molecule resulting in the rupture of one or more hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are responsible for many remarkable properties of water. At the macroscopic scale, water is well known for its ability to thermalize a system, while at the microscopic level, a high-speed transfer of vibrational energy through hydrogen bonding was observed. What scale of nanogoutte when a limited number of molecules come into play? In the experiment carried out with the device DIAM IPN Lyon, the relaxation of a nanogoutte of protonated water is observed after electronic excitation of one of its molecules. The implementation of a velocity vector imaging method associated with the technical COINTOF (Correlated Ion and Neutral Time-Of-Flight) allowed the measurement of the velocity distribution of molecules of evaporated protonated water clusters, mass and energy preselected. The shape of the measured velocity distributions shows that even for some nanodroplets composed of few water molecules, the energy is redistributed in the drop before evaporation. For nanodroplets containing less than ten water molecules, the measured velocity distributions are closed to those expected for macroscopic droplets. The statistical redistribution of energy appears as a dominant relaxation process. However, the measurement of the velocity distribution also highlights a distinct contribution at high velocity corresponding to the ejection of a molecule before complete redistribution of energy. The measured velocity distributions for heavy water nanodroplets deuterated show a proportion of non-ergodic most important events that for normal water. The measurements carried out with different target atoms show that the proportion of non-ergodic events decreases with decreasing the energy deposited in the nanogoutte
Lu, Wei-Min, and 盧維民. "Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Modeling for Incompressible Flow Using Double Distribution Functions." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20714221694422034636.
Full text國立中正大學
機械工程學系暨研究所
99
In this paper a double distribution function thermal lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is developed to simulate the incompressible flow with the viscous dissipation effect. In general, the viscosity is inconsistent between momentum and energy equation in previous thermal LB model. To eliminate the inconsistency, a new source term is then proposed. Since the source term does not involve complicate spatial gradients or time derivative, it is simple and requires much less computational effort and can be naturally incorporated into the numerical model. The model is tested by simulating a thermal Couette flow, porous flow and Poiseuille flow, and it is found that the results agree well with the analytical solutions. Numerical accuracy, stability and computation efficiency are also discussed between present study and earlier work.
Liu, Chih-Yun, and 劉之昀. "Semiclassical Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Thermal Flows Using Double Distribution Functions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32066589317148580866.
Full text國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
101
A coupled lattice Boltzmann method is proposed for solving thermal flows in the double-distribution-function framework. In the present, a density distribution function is used to simulate the flow field, while a total energy distribution function is employed to simulate the temperature field. The semiclassical lattice Boltzmann equation is used for describing the flow of fermions and bosons. This method is derived by directly projecting the Uehling-Uhlenbeck Boltzmann-BGK equations onto the tensor Hermite polynomials using Grad’s moment expansion method. By applying Gauss-Hermite quadrature to the moment integration, we have the macroscopic quantities (the number density, number density flux, and energy density), and get the equilibrium distribution function which including Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Simulations of 2D natural convection flows, such as square cavity, lid driven cavity flow, and Rayleigh-Benard thermal convection, based on the two-dimensional nine-velocity (D2Q9) lattice model for several Rayleigh numbers and different particle statistics are shown. For low Rayleigh number, a vortex appears at the center of the cavity. When the Rayleigh number increases, the vortex gradually becomes elliptic. The numerical results are in good agreement with the previous data. The heat is transferred mainly by conduction at small Rayleigh number and by convection at large Rayleigh number. Therefore, we understand the relation of Rayleigh number and the change of the flow.
Sung, Wei-lien, and 宋偉廉. "Measurement of Spring Constant of Optical Tweezers using Boltzmann Distribution Method and Power Spectrum Density Method." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28188774120963807916.
Full text國立中正大學
光機電整合工程所
97
In this thesis, the historical background and development of an optical tweezers system were first reviewed. The introductory concepts for the basics of trapping a particle, the fundamental principles of operations and the detailed components for a typical optical tweezers were also presented. Subsequently, trapping and manipulation of polystyrene micro particles, bundles of polymer nanowires, and yeast cells were executed and demonstrated by an optical tweezers system set in lab. To describe the trapping force of an optical tweezers system quantitatively, characterization of the system’s spring constant was crucial. The main focus of this study was thus placed on precisely calibrating the spring constant of an optical tweezers system. The particle grasped by an optical tweezers is analogous to the way a particle was trapped in a potential well. Based on descriptions of the Brownian motion, both the Boltzmann distribution method and the power spectrum density method were employed to measure the spring constant. And, based on the employed optical tweezers system for trapping a polystyrene particle with diameter of 2.88um and under an laser power of 70 mW, the characterized spring constants for the two methods were 21.16±3pN/um and 19.96±2.6pN/um, respectively. Quantitatively, they were very close. Results further showed that the spring constant was increased linearly with the enhancement of the laser power. The effect of the particle size on the spring constant was also studied and discussed in this study. Once the spring constant is precisely calibrated, the optical tweezers system can be applied more directly to precision measurements and micro fabrications.
Li, Tongcang. "Fundamental tests of physics with optically trapped microspheres." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2930.
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