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Journal articles on the topic 'Bolted flanged pipe joint'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Khan, Niaz B., Muhammad Abid, Mohammed Jameel, and Hafiz Abdul Wajid. "Joint strength of gasketed bolted pipe flange joint under combined internal pressure plus axial load with different (industrial and ASME) bolt-up strategy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 3 (October 29, 2015): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915614460.

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Gasketed bolted flange joints are used in process industry for connecting pressure vessels and pipes. Design procedures available in the literature mostly discuss structural strength, while sealing failure is still a big concern in industries. Similarly, limited work is found in the literature regarding performance of gasketed bolted joints under combined loading. A detailed 3D nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to study the strength and sealing of a gasketed bolted flanged pipe joint under different bolt-up strategy (Industrial and ASME) and under combined internal pressure and axial loading.

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2

Abid, Muhammad, and Niaz B. Khan. "Behavior of gasketed bolted pipe flange joint under combined internal pressure, axial, and bending load: Three-dimensional numerical study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 232, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917697888.

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Optimized performance of joint is categorized by its “structural integrity” and “sealing capability”. In literature, limited data are available regarding the performance of gasketed bolted flanged joint under combined internal and external loading; hence an optimized joint performance cannot be addressed. In this paper, a detailed three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of bolted gasketed flange joint is performed, to study its performance under combined internal (pressure) and external (axial and bending) load. Results of the finite element analysis are compared with the experimental results available in literature providing the validation of the numerical approach developed.

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3

Abid, Muhammad. "STAMINA OF A GASKETED BOLTED FLANGED PIPE JOINT UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING." IIUM Engineering Journal 17, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v17i2.565.

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Gasketed bolted flange joints are the most critical components in pipelines for their sealing and strength under operating conditions. Most of the work available in literature is under static loading, whereas in industry, cyclic loads are applied due to the vibrating machinery such as motors, pumps, sloshing in offshore applications and in the ships etc. In this study a three dimensional finite element analysis of a gasketed joint is carried out using a spiral wound gasket under bolt up and dynamic operating conditions (internal pressure, axial and bending) singly and in combination. The cyclic axial loads are concluded relatively more challenging for both the sealing and strength of the joint. Higher magnitudes of loads and frequencies are also observed more challenging to the joints performance.

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4

Webjörn, J. "An Alternative Bolted Joint for Pipework." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 203, no. 2 (August 1989): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_199_02.

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Use of the conventional gasketed pipe joint with raised-face flanges is questioned. In this note the author demonstrates the interaction of forces and displacements within the structure, explains why gaskets leak, points out the weaknesses of the bolting and also some inconsistencies in codes and standards. An alternative compact flange design is presented based on modern principles of bolted joint engineering.

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5

Hossain, Muhammad Monowar, Zasiah Tafheem, and Khan Mahmud Amanat. "Experimental investigation on bolted flanged steel pipe joint subjected to flexure." International Journal of Structural Engineering 11, no. 2 (2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstructe.2021.114265.

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6

Amanat, Khan Mahmud, Zasiah Tafheem, and Muhammad Monowar Hossain. "Experimental investigation on bolted flanged steel pipe joint subjected to flexure." International Journal of Structural Engineering 11, no. 2 (2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstructe.2021.10034440.

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7

Lee, F. O. Y., I. M. Gardner, and G. Thompson. "Maintainability Aspects of Process Plant Pipe Joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 201, no. 1 (February 1987): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_008_02.

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The paper is concerned with the maintainability aspects of pipe joints, the most common type of which is the bolted flange. An appreciation of pipe joint maintenance practice is obtained from two plant studies and a review of alternatives to flanges is then made with respect to these practical observations. Guidelines are given to help select the most appropriate coupling for an application. In the absence of a generally acceptable replacement coupling, a novel bolt design for use with standard flanges is proposed to alleviate some of the maintenance difficulties experienced.

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8

Hakimian, Soroosh, Lucas Hof, and Hakim A. Bouzid. "Investigation of Corrosion in Bolted Flanged Joints Using a Novel Experimental Setup." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 16 (July 7, 2022): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0116990mtgabs.

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The second most common cause of hydrocarbon leakage is corrosion in offshore platforms. In seawater and hydrocarbon services, bolted flange joints can be susceptible to corrosion on the flange face. Flanges connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment to form a piping system. In flanged joints, two flanges are bolted together with a gasket between them to provide a seal. The current research considers corrosion in bolted flanged gasketed joints and proposes a new approach to quantify corrosion at the gasket and flange interface. According to the literature, both crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion widely occur in bolted flanged gasketed connections, which create paths to leakage of the pressurized fluid. Leakage failure in bolted flanged gasketed joints can cause hazards to the environment and human safety. Corrosion in bolted gasketed joints was investigated in other papers and reports. Still, these studies did not consider the influence of the operating conditions. Fluid flow, pressure, pH, conductivity, temperature, and gasket contact pressure are some parameters to consider. To achieve this goal, a novel experimental setup - mimicking an industry-standard NPS 2 bolted flange connection - is introduced to examine the corrosion behavior of the contact surface between the flange and gasket. The setup enables monitoring and recording of the corrosion parameters under the influence of service conditions (gasket contact pressure, pH, salinity, temperature, fluid flow, and fluid pressure) during the corrosion tests. In a second step, the influence of the service conditions on corrosion will be studied. Two levels of temperature (25 o C and 85 o C), gasket contact pressure (4 MPa and 35 MPa), and flow rate (1.4 cm. s-1 and 4.5 cm. s-1) are considered in the study. The flange material selected in this study is stainless steel 304/304L since it has a wide application in the industry. Flexible graphite materials, commonly used due to their chemical resistance, high-temperature capability, low cost, and good sealing properties, are used in the corrosion tests. Two direct current electrochemical test techniques, polarization resistance (Rp) and potentiodynamic anodic polarization, are carried out, according to ASTM G5, to measure the corrosion rate in addition to other quantification methods based on visual observations and mass loss. These tests are conducted using the novel designed setup that consists of a working electrode (flange material), a reference electrode (Ag/AgCl), and an auxiliary electrode (a stainless-steel rod). The synthetic seawater solution recommended in ASTM D1141 is used for the corrosion tests. In a final step, the corroded surfaces of the specimens are examined via some of the following available techniques; confocal laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy (EDS/EDX), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. Confocal microscopy is used to visualize the morphology of the damaged zones on the surface, and localize and quantify the crevices volume caused by corrosion, respectively. SEM and XRD analysis can reveal the scale morphology and phases present on the corroded plate surfaces. Comparing the results of the electrochemical tests and the microscopic studies will identify the influence of operating factors on the corrosion at the gasket-flange interface. Preliminary tests were performed to check the applicability of the novel setup for studying corrosion behaviour between gaskets and flanges and solve initial setup problems to get reproducible results. In the current research, the corrosion behaviour is studied under dynamic conditions. The majority of other works consider only the static condition, so it is important to run some preliminary tests to shakedown the rig and fixture and resolve unanticipated issues. First attempts failed due to noisy polarization curves that could not be used for corrosion analysis. After several experiments on small samples, it was decided to use filter paper immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution as a salt bridge to reduce the distance between the reference and working electrodes in the setup. This resulted in smooth polarization curves useful for further corrosion analysis (Fig. 1). The novel designed bolted flange joint setup allows corrosion monitoring and characterization under dynamic operating conditions for the first time. Figure 1

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9

Abid, Muhammad, Masroor Hussain, Ayesha Khan, and Hafiz A. Wajid. "Application of monotonic adaptive kernel for optimization: A case study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 232, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916688501.

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Optimization is considered to be the integral part of designing a wide range of engineering solutions. Manual optimization is a hectic job to obtain desired optimized results using hit and trial method. Monotonic adaptive kernel algorithm optimizes the solution to the target stress by using linear interpolation function and checking current values on every iterative step and computing differential load. Using monotonic adaptive kernel algorithm, numerical simulations are conducted on gasketed bolted flange pipe joints to achieve required preload in the bolts as per industrial guidelines for their optimized performance. It is observed that the monotonic adaptive kernel algorithm produces more accurate and fast results conforming to the desired target values as compared to the manual and semiautomatic optimization techniques implemented for the gasketed bolted flange pipe joint.

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10

Abid, Muhammad, Shahid Maqsood, and Hafiz Abdul Wajid. "Comparative Modal Analysis of Gasketed and Nongasketed Bolted Flanged Pipe Joints: FEA Approach." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 4 (January 2012): 413583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/413583.

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11

Yamabe, Masayuki, and Riichi Morimoto. "Bolted Pipe Flange Joint Assembly Man-hour Reduction and Related Problem." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2018 (2018): YC2018–053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2018.yc2018-053.

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12

Abid, M., K. A. Khan, and J. A. Chattha. "PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A GASKETED BOLTED FLANGE PIPE JOINT UNDER COMBINED PRESSURE AND THERMAL LOADING." Experimental Techniques 35, no. 6 (October 7, 2010): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2010.00667.x.

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13

SAWA, Toshiyuki, Takashi HIROSE, and Hiroyuki KUMANO. "The Behavior of Bolted Joint in Transient Temperature Field. The Case where Clamped Parts are Pipe Flanges." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 58, no. 553 (1992): 2742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.58.2742.

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14

NAKADE, Kenshiro, Koji SATO, and Toshiyuki SAWA. "THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS EVALUATION FOR BOLTED PIPE FLANGE CONNECTIONS WITH RING JOINT GASKETS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2019 (2019): E11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2019.e11.

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15

Aljuboury, Muhsin, Md Jahir Rizvi, Stephen Grove, and Richard Cullen. "Bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints for pipelines: A review of current practice and future challenges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 8 (April 4, 2018): 1698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718766563.

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Metallic bolted flanges and pipes have both been increasingly replaced by fibre-reinforced polymer materials in many applications which deal with extreme harsh environments such as oil, chemical, marine, etc. This is not only due to the fibre-reinforced polymer material’s resistance to the chemical reaction but also due to their inherent mechanical properties of high strength to weight ratio. However, very little research has been published regarding bolted flange joints made of fibre-reinforced polymer materials. Also, the availability of standards and relevant design codes are very limited for bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. Hence, the design guidelines, dimensional considerations and selection of fabrication methods for the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints have yet to be optimized fully. For instance, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section X and ASME PCC-1-2013 appendix O or other similar standards do not include specific rules for the design of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. As a result, it is difficult to understand the consequences on the reliability of fibre-reinforced polymer flanges made with parametric variations and dimensional alterations. This has led the authors to carry out research to maximise the performance of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints through a series of experimenters and numerical simulations. The present article will focus on the available techniques to manufacture the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flanges along with the associated issues and possible challenges compared to metallic flanges.

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16

Sayginer, O., R. di Filippo, A. Lecoq, A. Marino, and O. S. Bursi. "Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of a Coupled Tank-Piping System by Means of Hybrid Simulation and Acoustic Emission." Experimental Techniques 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40799-020-00396-3.

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AbstractIn order to shed light on the seismic response of complex industrial plants, advanced finite element models should take into account both multicomponents and relevant coupling effects. These models are usually computationally expensive and rely on significant computational resources. Moreover, the relationships between seismic action, system response and relevant damage levels are often characterized by a high level of nonlinearity, which requires a solid background of experimental data. Vulnerability and reliability analyses both depend on the adoption of a significant number of seismic waveforms that are generally not available when seismic risk evaluation is strictly site-specific. In addition, detection of most vulnerable components, i.e., pipe bends and welding points, is an important step to prevent leakage events. In order to handle these issues, a methodology based on a stochastic seismic ground motion model, hybrid simulation and acoustic emission is presented in this paper. The seismic model is able to generate synthetic ground motions coherent with site-specific analysis. In greater detail, the system is composed of a steel slender tank, i.e., the numerical substructure, and a piping network connected through a bolted flange joint, i.e., the physical substructure. Moreover, to monitor the seismic performance of the pipeline and harness the use of sensor technology, acoustic emission sensors are placed through the pipeline. Thus, real-time acoustic emission signals of the system under study are acquired using acoustic emission sensors. Moreover, in addition to seismic events, also a severe monotonic loading is exerted on the physical substructure. As a result, deformation levels of each critical component were investigated; and the processing of acoustic emission signals provided a more in-depth view of the damage of the analysed components.

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17

Bouzid, A., and A. Chaaban. "An Accurate Method of Evaluating Relaxation in Bolted Flanged Connections." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842254.

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Bolted flanged joint assemblies may begin to leak some time following a successful hydrostatic test. One of the reasons is that the gasket experiences a drop in its initial compressive stress due to creep, thermal dilatation, and thermal degradation. The need to pay attention to the relaxation behavior of bolted joints for high-temperature applications is recognized by the ASME Code, but no specific guidelines are given to help engineers, neither at the design nor maintenance levels. This paper deals with the basic analytical tools that have been used to develop a computer program “SuperFlange” that can be used to make accurate predictions of the relaxation of bolted flanged joints, and hence be able to provide a reasonable leakage assessment over time. A simplified analytical method of relaxation analysis will also be presented. These proposed methods are supported by test results obtained on a real bolted joint fixture and by FE modeling. A strong emphasis will be put on flanged joint rigidity, which is one of the major controlling parameters of relaxation besides the material properties involved.

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18

Abid, Muhammad, Ayesha Khan, Masroor Hussain, and Hafiz Abdul Wajid. "Optimized bolt tightening procedure for different tightening strategies—FEA study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915589687.

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This paper presents results of detailed nonlinear finite element analysis of gasketed bolted flange pipe joints of different sizes (1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 in.) of 900# pressure class for achieving proper preload close to the target stress values with and without considering yielding at bolt and flange and gasket crushing recommended by ASME and industrial guidelines for optimized performance using customized optimization algorithm. In addition, two strategies torque control method and stretch control method are used which is a normal practice in the industry.

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19

Smolnicki, Tadeusz, Jacek Karliński, and Damian Derlukiewicz. "Identification of Internal Stresses in Bolted Flanged Joints." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.353.

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In bolted flange joints of flexible constructional elements, bolts are subjected not only to tension and torsion but also to bending loads. Identification of straining of each bolt is only possible by means of numerical methods e.g. the finite element method. In the case of large objects, the calculation problem is faithful projection of the phenomena occurring in direct zone of the contact of screw-nut pair. The application of global equivalent models of the whole joint is necessary in order to make it possible to precisely determine internal loads in individual bolts and then local models to establish stress fields necessary to assign durability. Calculation methodology based on the construction of two coherent models has been described: global - for the entire flange joint, and local - for a single bolt joint. The elaborated methodology was applied to evaluate a flange joint in a heat exchanger with rotating heating surfaces that was subject to damage. The causes of damage of the flange joint were determined.

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20

Zhang, Yan, and He Hui Wang. "Emergency Stop and Drive Analysis of Bolted Flange Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.585.

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The strength and tightness of flange joints will be weaker due to the temperature fluctuations. There exists no mature calculation procedure that can accounts for the temperature fluctuations’ effect on the performance of flanged joint. Based on the finite element simulation of a flanged joint under emergency stop and drive condition using ANSYS, the strength integrity and sealing performance of it are evaluated according to code JB4732-2005. The results show that stress of every component increases after experiencing an emergency stop and drive, flange deflection is more serious, resulting in integrity and tightness failure and can’t meet the sealing requirements. Repeatedly stop and drive will lead to discontinuity and alternating loads for the flanged joints, which will increase the leakage trend.

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21

Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "Thermally Induced Deflections in Bolted Flanged Connections." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (May 29, 2005): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042476.

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Pressure vessel joints operating at high temperature are often very difficult to seal. The existing flange design methods do not address thermal effects other than the variation of flange material mechanical properties with temperature. It is possible to include the effects of temperature loading in joint analysis, however, presently very few guidelines exist for this type of analysis. This paper outlines the theoretical analysis used for the determination of the steady state operating temperature and deflections in bolted flange joints. It details the theoretical equations necessary to predict the temperature profiles and thermal expansion difference between the joint components necessary for the evaluation of the load redistribution for the two cases of a flange pair and a flange with a cover plate. The results from the theoretical models are verified by comparison to finite element results.

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22

Sun, Zhen Guo, Bo Qin Gu, and Xing Lu Huang. "Fuzzy Reliability Optimization Design Method of Flange Based on the Tightness of Bolted Flanged Connections." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.501.

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Based on the time-correlated leakage model and fuzzy random probability theory, a formula for calculating fuzzy random reliability of sealing performance of bolted flanged connections was derived. The optimization variables were defined according to the sensitivity analysis of design parameters on fuzzy reliability of sealing performance. A fuzzy reliability optimization design method of flange was investigated, in which both the tightness of bolted flanged connections and the strength of flange were taken into consideration. As an example, an integral welding necked pipe flange was designed according to the optimization design method proposed in this paper. The designed flange not only satisfies the requirements of flange strength and sealing reliability of connections, but also its weight is reduced by 16% compared with that prescribed in the standard.

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23

Chen, Y., Y. Y. Xu, L. Y. Huang, Y. H. Xu, and K. S. Guan. "Creep Behavior of Metal-to-Metal Contact Bolted Flanged Joint." Procedia Engineering 130 (2015): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.211.

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24

Cascales, Daniel H., Carmelo Militello, and Walter J. Mulhall. "Bolted flanged joint leakage analysis with non-linear gasket behaviour." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 30, no. 3 (January 1987): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(87)90043-3.

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25

Radhakrishnan, S. M., B. Dyer, M. Kashtalyan, A. R. Akisanya, I. Guz, and C. Wilkinson. "Analysis of Bolted Flanged Panel Joint for GRP Sectional Tanks." Applied Composite Materials 21, no. 1 (February 2014): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-014-9385-4.

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26

Wang, He Hui, and Yan Zhang. "Creep Analysis of Combined Bolted Flange Joints under High Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.187.

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The tightness of bolted flange joints will weaken due to the loss of bolt load as a result of creep under high temperature. There exists no mature calculation procedure that can accounts for creep. Based on the finite element simulation of a combined flanged joint under four various conditions, the strength integrity and sealing performance of it are evaluated according to the code JB4732-2005. The results show that the integrity and tightness of the combined flanged joint under pre-loading condition, pressure condition and operating condition (except local film stress) meet requirements. However, more than 50% of the bolt load relaxation is found due to creep, part of the gasket residual stress is lower than the required minimum sealing pressure. It can lead to leakage. Bigger bolt pre-tightening force, materials with good creep relaxation resistance and hot-tighting method are recommended to reduce the influence of creep.

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27

Lifson, A., and A. J. Smalley. "Bending Flexibility of Bolted Flanges and Its Effect on Dynamical Behavior of Structures." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 111, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269874.

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This paper presents a basis for determining the bending flexibility of flanged joints in complex piping systems for use in predicting natural frequencies, mode shapes, and response to excitation forces. Data was developed by a combination of laboratory testing and analysis. Highly instrumented testing initially identified and isolated the contributing deformations in a flanged joint and later provided overall flexibilities of flanged assemblies for verification of the analytical model. The analysis, its results, and model verification are presented in the paper. Further results are provided which compare predicted dynamic characteristics of reciprocating compressor manifold piping systems with measured data obtained in the field for vibration modes which are sensitive to flange flexibility. Consistent good agreement has been achieved of the techniques utilized in some 50 design and field analyses conducted at the Center for Applied Machinery and Piping Technology (CAMPT) at Southwest Research Institute.

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28

Luan, Yu, Zhen-Qun Guan, Geng-Dong Cheng, and Song Liu. "A simplified nonlinear dynamic model for the analysis of pipe structures with bolted flange joints." Journal of Sound and Vibration 331, no. 2 (January 2012): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2011.09.002.

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29

Bouzid, A., and A. Chaaban. "FLANGED JOINT ANALYSIS: A SIMPLIFIED METHOD BASED ON ELASTIC INTERACTION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 1993): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1993-0011.

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Structurally sound bolted joints often fail due to loss of tightness. This is because the clamping load is affected by the application of the internal fluid pressure. A good design technique should therefore encompass most aspects of joint behaviour and produce efficient sealing performance within the clearly defined limits of the method used. This paper presents a simple analytical model based on an extension of the Taylor Forge approach taking into account flange rotation, flexibility of both the gasket and the bolts and, when applicable, the stiffness of the end closure. Examples will be discussed based on experimentally determined gasket properties.

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30

Brown, Warren, Clyde Neely, and Steven J. Rossi. "Assembling Knowledge." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 07 (July 1, 2010): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-jul-6.

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This article highlights various topics covered in ASME Standard and Certification’s Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Joint Assembly. This major revision focuses on significant additions to capture proven assembly knowledge, which impacts safety, efficiency, best practice, and cost reduction. In addition, the revision recommends that gaskets be not reused. This inclusion was made based on field experience with joint leakage or flange facing damage where gaskets, in particular RTJ gaskets, are reused. Appendix P provides guidance and a series of checklists designed to guide the user through an investigation of joint leakage. ASME PCC-1-2010 represents a step change in the level of detail provided for guidance on bolted joint assembly and will represent a significant body of work for the international improvement of the integrity of bolted flanged joints. The undertaking and commitment by the subcommittee members was significant; however, it is believed that the benefit to industry from this revision will be commensurate.

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31

Jerome, Trevor W. "Application of methods to determine time-dependent damping of flanged, bolted plates." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0008522.

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The dynamic and steady-state response of flanged, bolted plates when excited with a hammer and acoustic methods exhibit nonlinear effects. Established Hilbert methods are used to estimate time-dependent and amplitude-dependent damping due to the joint, and the findings are presented here. Nonlinear damping of this system is sensitive to boundary conditions, and each of the first few modes behave nonlinearly in unique ways. Insight gained from knowledge about relationships between amplitude and damping may help to better understand friction joint dynamics.

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32

Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "An Analytical Solution for Evaluating Gasket Stress Change in Bolted Flange Connections Subjected to High Temperature Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (May 29, 2005): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042480.

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The tightness of bolted flanged joints subjected to elevated temperature is not properly addressed by flange design codes. The development of an analytical method based on the flexibility of the different joint components and their elastic interaction could serve as a powerful tool for elevated temperature flange designs. This paper addresses the effect of the internal fluid operating temperature on the variation of the bolt load and consequently on the gasket stress in bolted joints. The theoretical analysis used to predict the gasket load variation as a result of unequal radial and axial thermal expansion of the joint elements is outlined. It details the analytical basis of the elastic interaction model and the thermally induced deflections that are used to evaluate the load changes. Two flange joint type configurations are treated: a joint with identical pair of flanges and a joint with a cover plate. The analytical models are validated and verified by comparison to finite element results.

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33

POTTER, J. H., and V. W. EITEL. "THERMAL BOLT STRESS STUDY IN A HIGH-PRESSURE FLANGED PIPE JOINT." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 63, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1951.tb02927.x.

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34

Bouzid, A., A. Chaaban, and A. Bazergui. "The Effect of Gasket Creep-Relaxation on the Leakage Tightness of Bolted Flanged Joints." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842093.

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The loss of tightness of bolted flanged joints is primarily due to the relaxation of the joint; in particular, the clamping load is affected by the amount of relaxation that a gasket exhibits over time. Test methods are available for evaluating the ability of a gasket to maintain a given compressive stress. It is necessary, however, to evaluate the response of the joint members to a small change in gasket thickness produced by the effect of creep-relaxation. This paper presents an analytical evaluation of the effect of gasket creep-relaxation on the remaining gasket stress taking into account the flexibility of all joint members, thus allowing the evaluation of the required tightening load on the gasket. The results obtained by this approach are shown to agree with those determined finite on an experimental rig made up of 4-in. class-600-lb pair of flanges. Axisymmetric finite element models of larger flange assemblies are also used for comparison. The results show that creep-relaxation of gaskets has a major influence on the remaining compression load on the gasket.

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35

Sawa, Toshiyuki, Satoshi Nagata, and Hirokazu Tsuji. "New Development in Studies on the Characteristics of Bolted Pipe Flange Connections in JPVRC." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 1 (October 21, 2005): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2140799.

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This paper deals with some studies carried out in the bolted flanged connection committee (BFC) in Japan Pressure Vessel Council (JPVRC) on the stress analysis of a pipe flange connection using the elastoplastic finite element method. The characteristics of the connections with the different nominal diameters from 2in. to 20in. such as the contact gasket stress distribution, the hub stress, and the load factors were examined. The results from the finite element analyses were fairly consistent with the experimental results concerning the variation in the axial bolt force. By using the contact stress distributions and the results of the leakage test, the new gasket constants were evaluated. As a result, it was found that the variations in the contact stress distributions were substantial due to the flange rotation in the pipe flange connections with the larger nominal diameter. A method to determine the bolt preload for a given tightness parameter was demonstrated and the difference in the bolt preload between our research and PVRC was shown. In addition, the characteristics of pipe flange connection under a bending moment and internal pressure were also discussed and a newly developed bolt tightening method was demonstrated.

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Kettler, A. J., and I. C. Goulter. "An analysis of pipe breakage in urban water distribution networks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-030.

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The rates of pipe breakage with increasing pipe diameter and times are investigated. Failure rates for cast-iron pipe are found to decrease with increasing diameter. Changes in pipe failure rates for the various modes of failures are examined in detail. Asbestos-cement and cast-iron pipe overall failure rates are found to increase with time, but for different reasons. Analysis of the modes of failure shows that joint failure is predominant for cast-iron pipe systems with bolted and universal joints whereas the predominant mode of failure for asbestos-cement pipe systems is circumferential cracking. Key words: asbestos cement, cast iron, cracking, diameter, failure rate, joint, regression analysis.

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SAWA, Toshiyuki, and Hisanori MARUYAMA. "Effects of the interface configurations on the characteristics of bolted joints (The case where clamped parts are pipe flanges)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 51, no. 463 (1985): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.51.679.

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SAWA, Toshiyuki, and Hisanori MARUYAMA. "Effects of the Interface Configurations on the Characteristics of Bolted Joints : the case where clamped parts are pipe flanges." Bulletin of JSME 28, no. 245 (1985): 2567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.28.2567.

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39

Baranov, T. M., and D. A. Zainagabdinov. "Rigidity of Flanged Joints in Prefabricated Tunnel Linings with Tensile Bonding." World of Transport and Transportation 20, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-2-3.

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The article considers the issue of estimating rigidity of the longitudinal fl joint of prefabricated tunnel linings with tensile bonding. Rigidity of fl joints affects correctness of estimation of predicted forces in tunnel linings. The tunnel design standards indicate the need to consider rigidity of joints of segments of prefabricated tunnel linings when calculating the forces in the load-carrying structures, however, the question of estimating the magnitude of the rigidity and methods for accounting for it remains open.The objective of the research is to study design assumptions and to reveal some results of estimation of rigidity of ordinary bolted joints of segments of prefabricated tunnel linings, as well as the effect of the rigidity on the forces in tunnel linings. The issue is relevant when performing checking calculations of existing structures and when designing new linings with rigid bolted joints and other tensile bonding elements.The article provides an analytical solution of the problem based on the compatibility of deformations of prefabricated elements, and shows the dependences obtained of the angle of mutual rotation of rigid segments of tunnel lining on bending moments, longitudinal forces, and geometric dimensions of lining elements. The correctness of the conclusions was verifi by a series of numerical experiments resulted in building of refi curves of the dependences of the same parameters, and in estimation of the spatial operation of cast-iron tubing in the contact area.Solving the contact and physically nonlinear problem of operation of a fl joint of cast-iron tubing with tensile bonding has allowed to identify at the beginning a set of linear deformations of functions of the dependence of the angle of rotation of the segments on the forces acting in them for a specific configuration of elements. A technique for applying the research results for modelling tunnel linings as a plane problem in the GTS NX environment is disclosed. Comparative modelling of the same type of test tasks for operation of annular tunnel linings showed that under various soil conditions, with introduction of joint rigidity parameters, an increase in bending moments up to 8 % is observed in the linings while longitudinal forces remain practically unchanged.

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40

Romanіuk, Volodymyr, and Volodymyr Suprunіuk. "Influence of rigidity of a flange ridge knot of a double hinged arch on the redistribution of efforts in its elements." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 106 (May 24, 2021): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.106.236-246.

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The theoretical determination of the actual stiffness of the ridge knot of a steel perforated arch was carried out using the initial parameter method, which made it possible to calculate the stress in the upper reference section of the structure belt. The application of the proposed calculation method makes it possible to determine the rigidity of the bolted flange connection, taking into account its actual operation, and to change it by changing the geometrical parameters of the nodal details, that is, the diameter of the bolts or the thickness of the flanges.It is marked that in the calculation of building constructions an important value has exact determination of boundary conditions of connection of nodal elements, that substantially influences on the redistribution of efforts in the separate elements of constructions on their length and rigidity of knots. Especially it touches of flange bolted joints. Current design rules use idealized schemes of nodal joints, which, according to numerical researches, do not fully correspond to the actual operating conditions of nodal joints and constructions on the whole. For realization of aim of researches, that is, theoretical determination of rigidity of ridge knot of the steel preliminary tense perforated arch, the method of initial parameters is used, which allowed to define theoretical tensions in the supporting cut of fastening upper belt to the ridge knot of arch. Divergence in the values of actual tensions in the cuts of beam and theoretical, calculated according to the current design rules, is explained by the flexibility of the flanged bolted joints, that due to the actions in the knot of bending moment opens up, although in theoretical calculations this joint is accepted by absolutely rigid. Rigidity depends on the thickness of flanges, diameter of bolts, the distances between them, the values of the previous tension of the bolts and external loading. The conclusion is set forth, that the application of the offered methodology of calculation allows to define the rigidity of the bolted flanged joint taking into account its actual work, and which, according to experimental researches and theoretical calculations, differs from the idealized calculation schemes. In addition the proposed methodology allows to change the rigidity of the bolted jont, changing the diameter of the bolts or the thickness of the flanges, and also to use the additional resource of material due to some reduction of the maximum tensions in weak cuts of elements.

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SAWA, Toshiyuki, Hiroyuki KUMANO, and Hirofumi IWAKAWA. "On the characteristics of bolted joints with gaskets (Stress analysis of metal gaskets for raised face interposed between pipe flanges)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 51, no. 466 (1985): 1587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.51.1587.

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42

SAWA, Toshiyuki, and Hiroyuki KUMANO. "On the Characteristics of Bolted Joints with Gaskets : stress analysis of full face metallic flat gaskets interposed between pipe flanges." Bulletin of JSME 28, no. 237 (1985): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.28.400.

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SAWA, Toshiyuki, Hiroyuki KUMANO, and Hirofumi IWAKAWA. "On the Characteristics of Bolted Joints with Gaskets : Stress Analysis of Metallic Gaskets with Raised Face Interposed between Pipe Flanges." Bulletin of JSME 29, no. 248 (1986): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.29.385.

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44

Jaszak, Przemysław, and Konrad Adamek. "Design and analysis of the flange-bolted joint with respect to required tightness and strength." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0031.

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AbstractThe paper presents the method of design and strength analysis of the flange-gasketed-bolted joint. In the first part, analytical calculations were carried out. Their purpose was to determine the assembly torque of nuts to achieve the desired tightness. The flanged joint designated as DN100 PN40 with two different gaskets was taken into consideration. The analytical calculations were performed in accordance with the algorithm included in PN EN 1591-1. In the further step, the numerical calculations were carried out to support the analytical results. The outcome of these calculations were maps of the contact stress distribution on the gasket surface, estimation of safety factors of individual joint elements as well as determination of the flange rotation. Data from the numerical calculations were compared with the analytical results, which confirmed their satisfactory compliance. In the last stage, the experimental tests of the joint were carried out. The main results of the test were the measured values of the leakage level, tightening force of the bolt and estimated safety factors. An indirect result of the experimental measurements were maps of the stress distribution on the contact surface of the gasket, which were determined by means of the measuring film. Ultimately, based on the experimental results, it was found that the proposed analytical method of calculation and simulation of the joint by means of the finite element method was a very good tool for the design of the joint at the required tightness level.

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45

Комаров, Александр, Aleksandr Komarov, Александр Вдовин, Aleksandr Vdovin, Алексей Забелин, Aleksey Zabelin, Александр Терещенко, and Aleksandr Tereschenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF PIPE WELDING TECHNOLOGY WITH PULSE ARC FITTINGS BY TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE IN ARGON ENVIRONMENT." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2019, no. 6 (June 27, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5d10851f7fa876.86658404.

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The matters of a welded joint efficient structure choice and a technology of automatic welding by a nonconsumable tungsten electrode with pulse arc in argon environment with filler wire feeding and without it to increase quality of the welded joints in hydraulic exploration pipe lines of structural engineering are con-sidered. It is defined that a technological process of welding with flanged pipe feeding ensures quality sta-bility in welded joints, but a welding process with twosided grooving ensuring root joint quality and, accordingly, the whole welded joint is more preferable while using one-sided grooving separate cases of incomplete root penetration, an electrode fault to a side vertical surface of grooving in the course of welding are possible and a more labor-intensive operation of setting a welding torch along a joint axis is also possible. On the basis of the investigation results there were developed welding modes of hydraulic explora-tion elements of an excavator, preproduction models of pipes with fittings were welded. The welded pre-production models were delivered to the plant for an industrial testing fulfillment.

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46

KONDO, Koji, Shota TSUBAKI, Toshiyuki SAWA, and Yuya OMIYA. "FEM stress analysis and sealing performance evaluation of bolted flanged connections with ring joint gasket under internal pressure." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 80, no. 816 (2014): SMM0221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.2014smm0221.

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47

SAWA, Toshiyuki, Tsuneshi MOROHOSHI, and Kyoichi YAMAMOTO. "The characteristics of bolted joints subjected to external bending moments. (Analysis of the case where clamped parts are pipe flanges by three-dimensional theory of elasticity)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 53, no. 491 (1987): 1511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.53.1511.

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48

SAWA, Toshiyuki, Tsuneshi MOROHOSHI, and Kyoichi YAMAMOTO. "The characteristics of bolted joints subjected to external bending moments. Analysis of the case where clamped parts are pipe flanges by three-dimensional theory of elasticity." JSME international journal 30, no. 270 (1987): 2018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1987.30.2018.

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49

MOROHOSHI, Tsuneshi, Toshiyuki SAWA, Kazuo MARUYAMA, and Kyoichi YAMAMOTO. "The characteristics of bolted joints subjected to external bending moments. Analysis of the case where clamped parts are pipe flanges with gaskets by three-dimensional theory of elasticity." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 54, no. 505 (1988): 2188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.54.2188.

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50

MOROHOSHI, Tsuneshi, Toshiyuki SAWA, Kazuo MARUYAMA, and Kyoichi YAMAMOTO. "The Characteristics of Bolted Joints Subjected to External Bending Moments : (Analysis of the Case Where Clamped Parts are Pipe Flanges with Gaskets by Three-Dimensional Theory of Elasticity)." JSME international journal. Ser. 1, Solid mechanics, strength of materials 32, no. 4 (1989): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmea1988.32.4_477.

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