Journal articles on the topic 'Bois – Distillation'
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1
Soekarno, Siswoyo, Setyawan Dwi Hernanto, Dian Purbasari, and Dewi Melani. "Study of Distillation Method and Time on the Quality of Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) Essential Oil." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i2.606-614.
Abstract:
"Basil" or basil has economic value both in fresh form, simplicia and essential oil. This research aims to evaluate the method and duration of distillation in making essential oil from basil. Two distillation methods, namely steam and boil distillation, are carried out with different distillation times (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours). The parameters observed were physical characteristics which included oil volume, yield, pH, distillation rate, color, aroma and spots. The results show that the best distillation process time is 2 h for both distillation methods. Steam distillation for 2 hours produced the best essential oil of 1.1 ml, yield 0.11%, pH 5.78, distillation rate of 0.53 ml/h, pale yellow color, strong aroma, clean spots. Meanwhile, water boiled distillation for 2 h produced 1.2 ml of essential oil, 0.12% yield, pH 6.31, distillation rate of 0.60 ml/h, brown color, weak aroma, very spotty. Distillation of basil leaf essential oil using the steam method for 2 h was determined as the best treatment based on the highest essential oil yield, smallest pH, highest distillation rate, clearest color, most distinctive aroma, and cleanest stain. Keywords: Aroma, Basil leaves, Essential oil, Steam distillation, Yield.
2
Zebo, Alimova. "THE DEPENDENCE OF THE WEAR OF ENGINE PARTS ON THE EVAPORATION TEMPERATURE OF GASOLINE." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations Research 04, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume04issue03-02.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the dependence of the wear of engine parts on the evaporation temperature of gasoline. The main reason for the rapid wear of engine parts when using fuels with poor volatility is the washing off of oil from rubbing parts. To ensure optimal engine operation conditions in hot climatic conditions, we suggest that the start temperature of the distillation of gasoline boil not lower than 40°С ÷ 43°С, and the distillation temperature of 10% gasoline should not be lower than 70°С, and the boiling point of 90% for summer gasoline should not exceed 180°С, and the temperature end of distillation - 195°C.
3
Tasleem, Shuwana. "Intensification of an Irreversible Process Using Reactive Distillation – Simulation Studies." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38870.
Abstract:
Abstract: In this study, a steady state simulation of the process for the production of xylene isomers by reactive distillation was performed using Aspen Plus software. The simulations were aimed studying the parameters like number of stages in the different sections of the RD column, reflux ratio, and the boil-up ratio, which maximize the conversion of Toluene and improves the selectivity and yield of the p- Xylene. Keywords: Reactive Distillation, Process Intensification, Toluene Methylation, Aspen Plus, Simulation Studies,
4
Asil, Hasan. "Chemical components in the essential oils and ultrasonic extraction of amanus sage pholomis longifolia var. Longifolia boiss. & bl." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 52, no. 3 (October 12, 2023): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i3.68899.
Abstract:
In the present study the essential oil components of the flowers and leaves of Amanus sage Pholomis longifolia var. longifolia boiss. & Bl by ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation method were determined. According to the chemical composition analysis of Amanus Sage plant using ultrasonic extraction method, major components were methyl-7-octadecenoate (69.02%) and methyl elaidate (16.87%). The essential oil contents of flowers and leaves of the Amanus sage plant were also determined by steam distillation method. When the essential oil components of the flower were examined, the main components were found to be tricosane (22.39%), caryophyllene (22.17%), alpha-cubebene (14.4305), beta-farnesene (7.7%) and linalool (4.69%). On the other hand the main components in the the leaves were caryophyllene oxide (27.20%), fenchone (18.63%), 1,8-cineole (6.12%), camphor (4.82%), and alpha-cubebene (4.11%). Bioactive properties of the components of Amanus sage obtained from both the ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation methods showed that this plant has important medicinal and aromatic properties. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 799-803, 2023 (September)
5
Abdurrahim YILMAZ and Vahdettin ÇİFTÇİ. "Determination of Essential Oil Composition of Naturally Growing Heracleum platytaenium L. Plant in Bolu Ecological Conditions." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol5iss2pp344-349.
Abstract:
Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. (Öğrekotu) is a plant depend on the Apiaceae family, with intense aromatic content and known for its use in traditional medicine. This plant, which is one of the endemic plants of Turkey, is perennial and monocarpic. In this study, the essential oil of the Heracleum platytaenium Boiss., which grows naturally in the northern parts of Bolu province, was obtained by the hidro-distillation method in the Clevenger device and the essential oil components were investigated in the GC-MS device. As a result of the study, the essential oil ratio was determined as 1.4%. Octyl hexanoate (8.76%), 5-Octen-1-ol (7.04%), n-Octyl Caprylate (5.42%), and Beta-Eudesmol (5.01%) were determined as the main components. In this study, a total of 36 components (81.69%) were detected in the GC-MS device.
6
Hamza, Ouakouak, Abdellatif Fahima, and Aicha Hassani. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Thymus algeriensis Boiss, North Algeria." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 59 (September 2015): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.59.72.
Abstract:
The leaves of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. collected from middle-North of Algeria (Sidi Aissa, M'sila). Essential oil from the stem bark of Algerian species of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. of the family of Lamiaceae was obtained by hydro-distillation using Clavenger apparatus, possessed an essential oil in 1.3 % (v/w) yield. GC and GC/MS analysis were carried out on the essential oil and was found to contain Seventy-one compounds, representing 95.99 % (area percent) of the total oil composition. Oil was rich in Oxygenated Monoterpenes (45.14 %), exhibited higher percentage of Camphor (22.60 %) followed by Camphene (12.78 %), Borneol (11.16 %), 1,8-Cineole (5.94 %), Acorenone (5.84 %) and α-Pinene (5.01 %). The principal constituents are hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, esters and aldehydes. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was investigated by measuring the decrease in absorption at 517 nm of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The oil exhibited weak antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging bioassay (IC50 = 83.8 mg/ml).
7
Hamza, Ouakouak, Abdellatif Fahima, and Aicha Hassani. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of <i>Thymus a</i><i>lgeriensis</i> Boiss, North Algeria." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 59 (September 14, 2015): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-6q4184.
Abstract:
The leaves of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. collected from middle-North of Algeria (Sidi Aissa, M'sila). Essential oil from the stem bark of Algerian species of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. of the family of Lamiaceae was obtained by hydro-distillation using Clavenger apparatus, possessed an essential oil in 1.3 % (v/w) yield. GC and GC/MS analysis were carried out on the essential oil and was found to contain Seventy-one compounds, representing 95.99 % (area percent) of the total oil composition. Oil was rich in Oxygenated Monoterpenes (45.14 %), exhibited higher percentage of Camphor (22.60 %) followed by Camphene (12.78 %), Borneol (11.16 %), 1,8-Cineole (5.94 %), Acorenone (5.84 %) and α-Pinene (5.01 %). The principal constituents are hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, esters and aldehydes. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was investigated by measuring the decrease in absorption at 517 nm of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The oil exhibited weak antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging bioassay (IC50 = 83.8 mg/ml).
8
Qi, Zheng, Zu Yu Liu, and Jun Li Wang. "Research on Determination and Preparation of Diphenic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.112.
Abstract:
The oxidation of phenanthrene, with peracetic acid and by means of reaction distillation, into 2,2’-diphenic acid, and determination of phenanthrene, phenanthrenequinone and diphenic acid in the oxidation reaction mixtures, with a HPLC, have been studied. For the determination of phenanthrene, phenanthrenequinone and diphenic acid, the experimental results showed that the concentrations of the three components and their corresponding peak area presented good linear relationship. And for the oxidation, main technical parameters optimized by orthogonal test. The optimum conditions were as follows: molar ratio of phenanthrene to acetic acid: 1.0:25.0; molar ratio of phenanthrene to H2O2: 1.0:8.0; dropping time of 30%H2O2: 9h; reaction time:18h；solvent: benzene; reaction temperature: about 90°C(boil).
9
Demirci, Betül, Mehmet Y. Dadandı, Dietrich H. Paper, Gerhard Franz, and Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer. "Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal., and Biological Effects on the CAM-Assay: A Safety Evaluation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2003): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-11-1214.
Abstract:
Abstract Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. of the Lamiaceae family growing in central, east and southeast Anatolia is an endemic species for Turkey. The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts by hydro distillation was subsequently analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of the oil were found as β-caryophyllene (24.2%), germacrene D (22.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.2%), among 49 identified compounds, representing 94.5% of the total essential oil. The overall biological activity of the essential oil (100 μg/pellet) was tested on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the fertilized hen’s egg in order to examine the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. None of the tests showed pronounced activity, toxicity or irritation at the tested concentration.
10
Van Duc Long, Nguyen, and Moonyong Lee. "Economical retrofit of reactive distillation with a total reflux design or a total boil-up design." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 145 (May 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.02.042.
11
Ouakouak, Hamza, Adel Benarfa, Mohammed Messaoudi, Samir Begaa, Barbara Sawicka, Naima Benchikha, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. "Biological Properties of Essential Oils from Thymus algeriensis Boiss." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040786.
Abstract:
This study describes the chemical composition, antitumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the plant Thymus algeriensis Boiss. Essential oils (EOs) were collected in different periods (before, during, and after flowering stage) from the El-Guetfa region, M’sila, Algeria. The EOs extraction was achieved using three distinguishing techniques: hydro (Clevenger trap), steam, and microwave distillations, targeting different aerial parts of the plant (stems, flowers, and leaves). The EOs chemical components were estimated using GC-FID and GC-MS apparatuses. The resulting yield of the extracted oil was moderate and ranged between 0.84 and 1.53% (wt/vol). In total, eighty-five components were identified, in which the oxygenated monoterpenes family formed the main portion, starting from 40.56 up to 70.66%. The obtained essential oil was dominated by five major components that varied from low to quite moderate percentages: camphor (17.45–32.56%), borneol (11.16–22.2%), camphene (7.53–12.86%), 1.8-cineole (5.16–11.21%), and bornyl acetate (3.86–7.92%). The biological results of this oil pointed out that the EOs extracted from the leaves part exposed a weak radical scavenging activity afterward using two well-known antioxidant assays DPPH (IC50 = 8.37 mg/mL) and ABTS (10.84 mg/mL). Meanwhile, this oil presented strong inhibition activity against colon cancer cell line HCT116 (LC50 = 39.8 µg/mL) and a moderate inhibitory against hepatocellular cancer cells HePG2 (LC50 > 100 µg/mL). In addition, this oil antimicrobial activity was quite important against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), Staphylococcus aureus CIP 7625, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4226, Candida albicans IPA200, Candida tropicalis (Ct), and Candida glabrata (Cg) after using Amoxicillin and Itraconazole as references.
12
Kebbi, Sara, Hamza Fadel, Jean-claude Chalchat, Gilles Figueredo, Pierre Chalard, Hichem Hazmoune, Fadila Benayache, Samir Benayache, and Ramdane Seghiri. "Chemical Composition of Algerian Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oils from the Aures Region." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2020-0016.
Abstract:
AbstractThis study was aimed to determine the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Marrubium vulgare L. collected in the Aures region of Algeria. Essential oils were extracted by steam distillation method and analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Thirty-five (35) and twenty-nine (29) components were identified respectively in T. algeriensis and M. vulgare essential oils to represent respectively 94.8% and 75.7% of the total oil composition. The main compounds of T. algeriensis oil were germacrene D (29.6%), β-caryophyllene (11.0%), E-β-farnesene (7.8%), bicyclogermacrene (4.4%) and δ-cadinene (4.0%), while, β-bisaboene (36.3%), β-caryophyllene (7.8%), phytol (6.2%), nonacosane (4.0%) and heptacosane (3.3%) were the main components of M. vulgare oil. The richness of these two oils in germacrene D and β-bisaboene respectively could suggest a new bioactivity.
13
ASKARİ, Fatemeh, Fatemeh SEFİDKON, Zohreh EMAMİ BİSTGANİ, and Mohamad Amin SOLTANİPOUR. "Aroma profile of the essential oils from different parts of Pycnocycla aucherana Decne. ex Boiss." International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 10, no. 4 (May 27, 2023): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1164925.
Abstract:
The current study focused on the essential oil concentration and aroma profile in different parts of wild Pycnocycla aucherana Decne from Iran during two years 2017 and 2018. Plant samples of P. aucherana were collected from HajiAbad area located in Hormozgan province, Iran at reproductive stage on June 7, 2017 and 2018. Essential oil isolation was done by hydro-distillation method for 3 hours. For the qualification and quantification of components, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied. Results showed that the averages of essential oil percentage of shoot and leaf (SL) and seed in the first and second year were (0.13, 0.23%) and (0.4, 0.3%) respectively. The main chemotype was namely -phellandrene (5.96-16%), p-cymene (3.07-27.4%), Limonene (0.72-6.80%), γ-cadinene (0.8-4.33%), Spathulenol (1.90-8.64%), Elemol (0.3-6.69%), b-eudesmol (0.8-9.27), and Bulnesol (0.91-3.40%). The highest amount of -phellandrene (16%) and p-cymene (27.4%) was observed in the seed and (SL) of essential oils in the first year respectively. Elemol and Elemicin content increased during the second year in the seed of essential oils with amount of (6.69 %) and (25.69 %), respectively. Overall, the results showed that the geographic origin greatly influenced the chemical composition of P. aucherana.
14
Karan, Tunay, and Nusret Genc. "Antioxidant Activities of Heracleum platytaenium extracts and Essential Oil." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i9.1274-1278.2040.
Abstract:
Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. has been used in traditional medicine. Antioxidant effect of essential oil as well as extracts of H. platytaenium was investigated. The essential oil was acquired by hydro distillation using a Clevenger type apparatus and GC-MS was used to analyze the essential oil compounds. Antioxidant capacity including ABTS+•, DPPH• scavenging and reducing power activity tests were carried out for essential oil and extracts. Moreover, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were investigated. n-Octyl acetate (36.5%), apiole (24.9%), and elemicin (20.8%) were the chief products of essential oil. The essential oil and extracts exhibited from weak to moderate activity. The total phenol varied from 19.01 to 130.99 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid was fluctuated from 2.0 to 118.4 mg QE/g extract. The most DPPH• scavenging effect was observed in EtOAc extract (IC50 = 24.09 mg ml –1). The ABTS•+ scavenging effect of EtOAc extract was better than synthetic antioxidants BHA, BHT and Trolox.
15
Zdanevuch, V., S. Yanyk, V. Malikov, and S. Litvinovski. "APPLICATION OF ALCOHOL-ACETONE SOLVENTS AS ADDITIVES TO GASOLINE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 13 (December 30, 2020): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.13.1.170-175.
Abstract:
The article considers the influence of alcohol-acetone solvents on the performance properties of motor gasolines in order to be able to use methanol-acetone solvent as an additive to increase the detonation resistance of gasoline. Currently, there are biocompatible gasolines that contain a variety of aliphatic alcohols. Thus, according to DSTU 7687: 2015 in gasoline allowed methanol up to 3%, ethanol up to 10%, isopropyl alcohol up to 12%, isobutyl alcohol up to 15% and a significant amount of other oxygen-containing compounds. When using gasoline with a high end of boiling in internal combustion engines with spark ignition, soot is formed, which adversely affects the operation of the engine and largely depends on the composition of gasoline.The ability of the fuel to form a homogeneous, without detonation combustible mixture. To improve the energy properties of methanol it can be used as a solution with other hydrocarbons The reason of testing is the possibility of using methanol-acetone mixture to improve the performance of biocompatible gasolines, including pumping, evaporation, flammability, flammability, prone to compatibility and toxicity. Starting properties of gasoline, largely depend on the number of fractions that boil within the temperature range from the beginning of distillation to 10% of gasoline distillation, as well as determining the saturated vapor pressure, but in the presence of low-boiling fractions in gasoline, under certain operating conditions, can cause interruptions in the supply of gasoline, which is associated with the formation of steam plugs in the fuel system of engines. In the modern literature there is no analysis and the possibility of using alcohol-acetone solutions as additives to biogasolines in order to improve their performance. Keywords: production, application, alcohol-acetone solvents, biogasolines, oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, octane number
16
Mohajeri, Noushin, Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani, Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti, Zhaleh Khoshkhoo, and Ali Khanjari. "An assessment of Cuminum cyminum (Boiss) Essential Oil, NaCl, Bile Salts and their combinations in probiotic yogurt." Italian Journal of Food Science 33, SP1 (February 11, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v33isp1.1990.
Abstract:
This article is prepared to investigate the impacts of Cuminum cyminum essential oil (CEO), NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus casei in probiotic yogurt.The water distillation method was used to extract the CEO, and GC/MS was used to determine its constituents. Then, the CEO’s antibacterial activity, together with NaCl and bile salts, was investigated via the microdilution technique by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against L. casei. Further, the stress effects of 50% MIC on CEO, NaCl, and bile salts were examined by comparing the stress treatments with the control in terms of the L. casei population, pH, acidity, and syneresis percentage in probiotic yogurt during storage in the refrigerator for 28 days.According to the results, the L. casei population and pH decreased in all the treatments during the storage time, such that the intensity of the decrease in the control and CEO treatments was lesser than in other stress treat-ments (P<0.05). The acidity and percentage of syneresis during the storage time increased for all the treatments, with the increase being less in control and CEO than in the other stress treatments (P<0.05). The control and CEO treatments scored the highest in the sensory evaluation (P<0.05).Applying stresses below the MIC resulted in the survival of L. casei in the recommended amount (105–106 CFU mL–1) in the probiotic yogurt until the end of 28 days.
17
Hubens, Nathan, Matei Mancas, Bernard Gosselin, Marius Preda, and Titus Zaharia. "FasterAI: A Lightweight Library for Neural Networks Compression." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223789.
Abstract:
FasterAI is a PyTorch-based library, aiming to facilitate the use of deep neural network compression techniques, such as sparsification, pruning, knowledge distillation, or regularization. The library is built with the purpose of enabling quick implementation and experimentation. More particularly, compression techniques are leveraging callback systems of libraries, such as fastai and Pytorch Lightning to propose a user-friendly and high-level API. The main asset of FasterAI is its lightweight, yet powerful, simplicity of use. Indeed, because it has been developed in a very granular way, users can create thousands of unique experiments by using different combinations of parameters, with only a single line of additional code. This allows FasterAI to be suited for practical usage, as it contains the most common compression techniques available out-of-the-box, but also for research, as implementing a new compression technique usually boils down to writing a single line of code. In this paper, we propose an in-depth presentation of the different compression techniques available in FasterAI. As a proof of concept and to better grasp how the library is used, we present results achieved by applying each technique on a ResNet-18 architecture, trained on CALTECH-101.
18
Farokhi-Firoozi, Hedieh, Mahtab Rahavi, Morteza Pirali-Hamedani, Abbas Hadjiakhundi, and Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi. "Essential Oil Analysis and Isolation of Coumarins and Flavonol Glycosides of Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. Fruits." Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ps.2020.49.
Abstract:
Background: Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. is a herbaceous perennial plant distributed in Iran, Turkey and Iraq. The aromatic aerial parts of this plant are commonly used as antiseptic, sedative, wound healing, analgesic and food additive. Methods: Column chromatography on silica gel (normal phase and RP-18) and Sephadex LH-20, along with recrystallization method were applied to isolation of the phytochemicals extracted from F. angulata fruits. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis. Chemical composition of the fruits essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) methods were also analyzed using GC-MS technique. Results: Six coumarin derivatives; suberosin (1), isoimperatorin (2), imperatorin (3), bergapten (4), tamarin (5) and suberenol (6), a monoterpene glycoside; verbenone-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), together with five flavonol-3-O-glycosides; isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissin) (8), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin) (9), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) (10), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (11), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) were isolated from F. angulata fruits. Essential oil extraction using HD and SD methods afforded colorless oils in 4.1 and 1.8% (v/w) yields, respectively. A total of 28 compounds were identified in essential oils, of which (Z)-β-ocimene (HD; 48.97%, SD; 50.02%), α-pinene (HD; 21.32%, SD; 23.06%) and allo-ocimene (HD; 6.98%, SD; 5.61%) were the main compounds. Conclusion: This study introduces F. angulata fruits as a new source of coumarin derivatives and flavonoid glycosides. The presence of these compounds with known biological properties provides more medicinal potentials for the fruits of F. angulata. The present study also reports hydrodistillation, as an efficient method for extraction of essential oil from these aromatic fruits.
19
Sefidkon, F., M. Dabiri, and A. Rahimi-Bidgoly. "The effect of distillation methods and stage of plant growth on the essential oil content and composition ofThymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 14, no. 6 (November 1999): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1026(199911/12)14:6<405::aid-ffj853>3.0.co;2-m.
20
Cheshko, F. F., L. P. Bannikov, O. L. Borysenko, and A. Yu Martynova. "Study of laboratory methods for determination of technological properties of coal tar." Journal of Coal Chemistry 3 (2023): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2023-0-3-20-27.
Abstract:
The article presents a critical review of laboratory control methods for determining the fractional composition of coal tar, which is important for planning the material balance of resin processing plants, adjusting the parameters of the technological regime for obtaining thermal fractionation products, etc. It is shown that to date, there is no standardised laboratory methodology in Ukraine for the direct determination of the yield of coal tar fractions. Alternative methods based on chromatographic analysis of the part of coal tar that is able to dissolve in the relevant substances allow determining the content of almost all substances that can boil out under conditions of industrial rectification rather quickly and with high accuracy. However, chromatographic methods of research do not allow obtaining a sample of non-boiling coal tar residue, which is currently the only alternative raw material for the production of a number of high-tech materials, sufficient in volume for analysis and study. The article shows the need to develop standard conditions for laboratory fractionation of coal tar, which can be solved in two ways: creation of special pilot plants for the closest modelling of the production process (a basic description of such a plant developed at SE "UKHIN" is given), and improvement of a simpler method of laboratory thermal fractionation. The results of the research carried out at SE "UKHIN" in the second direction are presented. In particular, attention is paid to the influence on the result of determining the method of heating the sample, the flask material and the final temperature of the distillation. The possibility of detecting impurities of foreign resinous products of coke production in coal tar by the properties of the non-boiling residue of laboratory distillation is demonstrated. It is shown that the installations developed in both of the above directions do not allow achieving absolute compliance of the model with industrial conditions and are suitable only for comparing coal tar from different suppliers with each other or with a reference (standard) sample. Keywords: measurement method, rectification, coal tar, development, analysis, flask heater, flask, chemical products, residue analysis. Corresponding author: Cheshko Fedir Fedorovych, e-mail: cheshko@ukhin.org.ua
21
Shah, Muddaser, Faizullah Khan, Saeed Ullah, Tapan Kumar Mohanta, Ajmal Khan, Rimsha Zainab, Naseem Rafiq, et al. "GC-MS Profiling and Biomedical Applications of Essential Oil of Euphorbia larica Boiss.: A New Report." Antioxidants 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2023): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030662.
Abstract:
The present study explored Euphorbia larica essential oil (ELEO) constituents for the first time, obtained via hydro-distillation by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling. The essential oil was screened in vitro against breast cancer cells, normal cell lines, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II), free radical scavenging and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The GC-MS screening revealed that the ELEO comprises sixty compounds (95.25%) with the dominant constituents being camphene (16.41%), thunbergol (15.33%), limonene (4.29%), eremophilene (3.77%), and β-eudesmol (3.51%). A promising antidiabetic capacity was noticed with an IC50 of 9.63 ± 0.22 μg/mL by the ELEO as equated to acarbose with an IC50 = 377.71 ± 1.34 μg/mL, while a 162.82 ± 1.24 μg/mL inhibition was observed against CA-II. Regarding breast cancer, the ELEO offered considerable cytotoxic capabilities against the triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines, having an IC50 = 183.8 ± 1.6 μg/mL. Furthermore, the ELEO was also tested with the human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cell line, and the findings also presumed that the ELEO did not produce any damage to the tested normal cell lines. The ELEO was effective against the Gram-positive bacteria and offered a 19.8 ± 0.02 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) against B. atrophaeus. At the same time, the maximum resistance with 18.03 ± 0.01 mm ZOI against the fungal strain Aspergillus parasiticus was observed among the tested fungal strains. An appreciable free radical significance was observed via the DPPH assay with an IC50 = 133.53 ± 0.19 µg/mL as equated to the ABTS assay having an IC50 = 154.93 ± 0.17 µg/mL. The ELEO also offered a substantial analgesic capacity and produced 58.33% inhibition in comparison with aspirin, a 68.47% decrease in writhes, and an anti-inflammatory capability of 65.54% inhibition, as equated to the standard diclofenac sodium having 73.64% inhibition. Hence, it was concluded that the ELEO might be a natural source for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, analgesic, inflammatory, and antimicrobial-related diseases. Moreover, additional phytochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to isolate responsible chemical ingredients to formulate new drugs for the examined activities.
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Kochunni, Sarun Kumar, and Kanchan Chowdhury. "Zero methane loss in reliquefaction of boil-off gas in liquefied natural gas carrier ships by using packed bed distillation in reverse Brayton system." Journal of Cleaner Production 260 (July 2020): 121037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121037.
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Giordani, Cristiano, Eleonora Spinozzi, Cecilia Baldassarri, Marta Ferrati, Loredana Cappellacci, Daniela Santibañez Nieto, Roman Pavela, et al. "Insecticidal Activity of Four Essential Oils Extracted from Chilean Patagonian Plants as Potential Organic Pesticides." Plants 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11152012.
Abstract:
Patagonia is a geographical area characterized by a wide plant biodiversity. Several native plant species are traditionally used in medicine by the local population and demonstrated to be sources of biologically active compounds. Due to the massive need for green and sustainable pesticides, this study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from understudied plants growing in this propitious area. Ciprés (Pilgerodendron uviferum), tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana), canelo (Drimys winteri), and paramela (Adesmia boronioides) EOs were extracted through steam distillation, and their compositions were analyzed through GC–MS analysis. EO contact toxicity against Musca domestica L., Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say was then evaluated. As a general trend, EOs performed better on housefly males over females. Ciprés EO showed the highest insecticidal efficacy. The LD50(90) values were 68.6 (183.7) and 11.3 (75.1) µg adult−1 on housefly females and males, respectively. All EOs were effective against S. littoralis larvae; LD50 values were 33.2–66.7 µg larva−1, and tepa EO was the most effective in terms of LD90 (i.e., <100 µg larva−1). Canelo, tepa, and paramela EOs were highly effective on C. quinquefasciatus larvae, with LC50 values < 100 µL L−1. Again, tepa EO achieved LD90 < 100 µL L−1. This EO was characterized by safrole (43.1%), linalool (27.9%), and methyl eugenol (6.9%) as major constituents. Overall, Patagonian native plant EOs can represent a valid resource for local stakeholders, to develop effective insecticides for pest and vector management, pending a proper focus on their formulation and nontarget effects.
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Chrysargyris, Antonios, and Nikolaos Tzortzakis. "Residues from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants after Distillation Can Be Used in Replace Some Peat in the Growing Media for Viola × wittrockiana Production." Agronomy 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010187.
Abstract:
Plant residues derived from the agro-industrial sector and their disposal are still unsolved issues despite the various research and applications. The current study assessed the possible peat substitution in growing media with solid residues derived from the distillation of Origanum dubium Boiss (OD) and Sideritis cypria Post (SC) after essential oils production. Residues of OD and SC (0–5–10–20% v/v) and their mixture (OD + SC) were examined to partially substitute peat for the production of pansy (Viola × wittrockiana) plants. The presence of OD, SC, and OD + SC residues increased the pH, the electrical conductivity, the organic matter content, and the levels of minerals in the growing media mixtures compared to sole peat while decreasing the total porosity (up to 36.8%) and the available free air (up to 58.3%). The OD residues’ presence in the peat-based media revealed more detrimental effects than the SC, while the OD + SC mixture received intermediate effects. Low residue ratios (≤5% OD, ≤10% SC, ≤10% OD + SC) sustain plant growth and photosynthetic activity of plants, while higher ratios decrease plant growth, chlorophyll content and mineral accumulation due to inappropriate growing media properties, causing plant oxidative stress. This was verified using the increase in malondialdehyde (up to 4.5 times) and hydrogen peroxide (up to 2.1 times) content in plants and the activation of several non-enzymatic antioxidant processes, including total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of the plants. Therefore, OD, SC, and OD + SC at 5%, 10%, and 10%, respectively, can partially substitute peat, as they result in appropriate plant growth and development. However, the growing media’s properties must be improved to ensure adequate yields as well.
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Sych, O., A. Korniienko, and N. Yevtushenko. "FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS OF MIXED MOTOR GASOLINES." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 860–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.64.
Abstract:
The main types of petroleum components that are used in the manufacture of mixed motor gasolines are considered. For the manufacture of mixed motor gasolines, a low-octane base is used, to which high-octane components are added. In many cases, reformate (catalytic reforming gasoline) and isopentane (isopentane fraction) are used as high-octane components of mixed motor gasolines. Straight-run gasoline and stable gasoline are often used as the low-octane gasoline base of blended automobile gasolines. Reformate is a liquid mixture of aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons used as a high-octane component of automobile (aviation) gasolines and raw materials in the production of aromatic hydrocarbons (arenas). The reformate is obtained by catalytic reforming of straight-run gasoline fractions. Isopentane (2-methylbutane (CH3)2CHCH2CH3) is a colorless, flammable liquid. The technical product is a mixture of isomeric pentanes and boils within 24 - 34°C. The isopentane fraction can be isolated from gas gasoline, from gasoline direct distillation of oil and gasoline catalytic cracking. Straight-run gasoline (nefras) is obtained from the processing of crude oil or gas condensate, oil shale or coal, natural gas or oil and gas. Straight run gasoline contains light gasoline fractions of direct distillation of oil with a boiling range of 35 - 180°C. Gas gasoline (gas stable gasoline) is obtained from natural and petroleum gases containing vapors of gasoline hydrocarbons. To separate them, the gases are compressed and cooled (compression method) or absorbed with oil or activated carbon. Gas gasoline is similar in chemical composition to straight-run gasoline, but contains lighter hydrocarbon fractions. The article discusses the results of a study of the listed petroleum components of mixed gasoline by gas-liquid chromatography. This method allows you to establish the qualitative and quantitative composition of mixed motor gasolines and their components. It is shown that from readily available petroleum components (isopentane fraction, aromatic hydrocarbons and gas stable gasoline) without the use of sophisticated technological equipment, a gasoline mixture with high detonation resistance, which is falsified automobile gasoline, can be obtained by mixing method. When mixed in certain proportions of reformate, isopentane fraction and gas stable gasoline, it is possible to obtain marketable gasoline that will meet the requirements of regulatory documents for gasoline. The considered technology allows, when mixing commodity gasolines A-92 (A-95) with reformate, isopentane fraction and gasoline gas stable in the calculated proportions, to improve the operational characteristics (detonation resistance) of the obtained gasoline mixture or to increase the volume of the obtained gasoline mixture without improving its performance.
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Chrysargyris, Antonios, Christos Goumenos, and Nikolaos Tzortzakis. "Use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Residues for Partial Peat Substitution in Growing Media for Sonchus oleraceus Production." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2023): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041074.
Abstract:
A substantial quantity of solid waste that is high in phenolics and biocomponents is produced during the industrial manufacturing of essential oils (EOs); this presents an important management challenge for the EO sector. This currently produces a significant amount of residue, causing issues of disposal and management and the impact that the residues have on both the environment and human health. The present study evaluated the potential use of Origanum dubium Boiss. residues (ODR) and Sideritis cypria Post. residues (SCR) derived via distillation at different levels (0–5–10–20–40% v/v) for use in partial peat substitution in the production of Sonchus oleraceus L. (sowthistle) plants. Both ODR and SCR accelerated the pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and mineral content of the growing media, but also negatively affected several of the physical characteristics of the media, such as the total porosity and aeration. This resulted in decreased plant growth, which was more noticeable at the high residue ratios. Plants responded to this by decreasing the leaf stomatal conductance, decreasing the chlorophyll content at 40% ODR and 20% SCR mixtures, and activating several non-enzymatic (phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) mechanisms to challenge the observed stress conditions, as indicated by lipid peroxidation and the hydrogen peroxide increase. Plants grown in residue media exhibited changes in mineral accumulation, even though both ODR and SCR were rich in minerals. It may be concluded that ODR and SCR, when employed at low levels of 10% and 20%, respectively, have the potential for use in the preparation of growing media as they may increase plant material antioxidants, but further improvement of the growing media’s properties is needed to ensure adequate yield.
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Vtorushina, E. A., M. G. Kul'kov, G. T. Salakhidinova, R. I. Butyrin, A. E. Aliev, I. R. Nigametzyanov, M. N. Vtorushin, M. Yu Yakovlev, and A. G. Kopytov. "Comparative Analysis of High-Viscosity Oils from the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Naftalan Oil Field to Assess Their Balneological Potential." Нефтехимия 63, no. 5 (December 15, 2023): 640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0028242123050027.
Abstract:
The physicochemical properties, fractional composition, structural-group composition, molecular composition, and the content of individual SARA fractions were characterized for high-viscosity naphthenic crude oils of the Pokur Formation produced in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO), Russia in comparison with therapeutic oil from the Naftalan oil field, Azerbaijan. All the tested oil samples exhibited high density (0.922– 0.956 g/cm3), high boiling points (164–199°C), high molecular weights (302–424 g/mol), and low paraffin content (0.04–0.42 wt %). The greatest similarity in terms of compositions was observed between the samples from the Naftalan and KhMAO-1 oil fields. The SARA analysis revealed a high content of resins and asphaltenes in crude oils from the KhMAO-2 field. This explains the distinctive features of the fractional composition (examined by SimDis simulated distillation) and structural-group composition (n–d–M method) of this sample, specifically its higher content of unevaporated residue (i.e., components that boil above 500°C), higher concentrations of naphthenic and aromatic carbons, and increased ring numbers in ring structures. GC/MS characterization of the molecular composition showed, for all samples, identical sets of adamantane and its homologues, as well as sesquiterpanes, steranes, tricyclic terpanes, aromatic steroids, and, to some extent, naphthalenes. The paraffin-naphthenic fractions of the Naftalan and KhMAO-1 oils consisted mostly of isoprenoid alkanes, and phenanthrenes predominated among the aromatic fractions of these samples. Furthermore, the Naftalan and KhMAO-1 crude oils were similar in the concentrations of adamantanes and decalines. The revealed similarity in the molecular, structural-group, and fractional compositions and in the SARA analysis between the KhMAO and Naftalan crude oils offers good opportunities for alternative uses of the Pokur high-viscosity oils from the KhMAO oil fields as analogs of Naftalan oil and promising raw materials for the production of therapeutic products for the purposes of balneology and practical health care.
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Ghavam, Mansureh. "A GC-MC analysis of chemical compounds and identification of the antibacterial characteristics of the essential oil of two species exclusive to Iranian habitats: New chemotypes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): e0273987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273987.
Abstract:
Background The diversity found in the chemical compounds of a single species in different regions results in different biologic characteristics which can be considered as a strong source for identifying new chemotypes. Hymenocrater incanus Bunge and Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. are exclusive species of the Lamiaceae family which grow in the western and central habitats of Iran. This study was designed and carried out to determine the yield, identify the chemical compounds, and evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics of the essential oil (EO) of these two species in Iran for the first time. Methods The flowering twigs of the species D. kotschyi and H. incanus were collected from the villages of Totmach and Kamu in Isfahan province respectively, in May 2019. The EO of these plants was extracted and separated using the water distillation method, utilizing the Clevenger device. The EO compounds were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The evaluation of antimicrobial characteristics was carried out by determining the growth inhibition zone implementing the Agar method, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MFC/MBC) utilizing liquid dilution culture. Results The results indicated that the highest yield belonged to the EO of D. kotschyi at %2.6 (w/w). In this EO there were citral (%25.44), neral (%20.87), α-pinene (%14.48), trans-geranic acid methyl ester (%9.74), and D-limonene (%6.87). Moreover, H. incanus had the dominant compounds (-)-Spathulenol (%12.61), caryophyllene (%10.00), linolenic acid (%8.54), 1,8-cineole (%5.95), palmitic acid (%5.35), and α-cadinol (%5.17). The largest diameter of growth inhibition zone belonged to the H. incanus EO against the Gram-positive bacteria S. pyogenes (~17.67mm). The strongest inhibition activities in the form of growth inhibition diameter exhibited by the D. kotschyi EO were against the Gram-negative bacteria S. paratyphi-A serotype (~ 12 mm), K. pneumoniae, and Sh. dysenteriae (~ 11 mm) which was significant compared to the Gram-positive rifampin (~ 8 mm). Conclusions It can be seen that these species are new chemotypes with special and novel chemical compounds which can potentially be used to manufacture natural antibiotics against some bacterial strains.
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Zatout, A., R. Djibaoui, G. Flamini, R. Ascrizzi, C. Benbrahim, H. E. Mazari, F. Benkredda, S. Mechaala, and A. Kassah-Laouar. "Chemical composition analysis of essential oils of four plants from Aurès region of Algeria and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against coagulase-negative staphylococci." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 23, no. 3 (June 17, 2022): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i3.7.
Abstract:
Background: The altitudinal and geographical variability of the Aurès mountains of Algeria favored the existence of some endemic and rare varieties of medicinal plants. The aim of the present work is to determine the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of the essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts of four medicinal plants from Aurès region of Algeria; Juniperus thurifera L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus ciliatus ssp. munbyanus (Boiss. & Reut.) Batt. on coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates.
Methodology: Extraction of EOs from the four plant materials was carried out by hydro-distillation, and the EO yield expressed in gram of the distillate per 100 grams of dry matter. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the EOs were evaluated against CoNS previously isolated at the Anti-Cancer Center of Batna, Algeria using the agar disc diffusion assay and biofilm inhibition study, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of the EOs of S. officinalis L. and T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus were determined by the dilution method.
Results: Twenty-seven and 41 compounds rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons were identified from J. oxycedrus and J. thurifera plants respectively, while 45 and 32 compounds, constituted mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes, were identified from S. officinalis L. and T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus, respectively. The EOs of T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus showed the most inhibitory activity of all the four plants on CoNS isolates (n=66) with mean inhibition zone diameter of 24.99±6.29mm, and mean MIC and MBC values of 2.65±3.77mg/ml and 5.31±7.41mg/ml respectively, followed by S. officinalis L., with mean inhibition zone diameter of 13.38± 6.52mm, and mean MIC and MBC values of 27.53±28.2 mg/ml and 31.97±33.19 mg/ml respectively (p<0.0001 by one-way ANOVA). Also, percentage biofilm inhibition of CoNS isolates (n=59) was high for EOs of T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus (65.63±10.71%) and S. officinalis L. (53.13±5.83%), although was significantly higher for T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus compared to S. officinalis L. (p<0.0001, t=7.874).
Conclusion: Essential oils from T. ciliatus ssp. munbyanus and S. officinalis L. could represent an alternative to classical antibiotics against planktonic cells and biofilms of CoNS.
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Xia, Yanan, Yanli Ma, Lijuan Hou, and Jie Wang. "Studies of Boil Treatment on Methanol Control and Pilot Factory Test of Jujube Brandy." International Journal of Food Engineering 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2016-0095.
Abstract:
Abstract The development of jujube brandy is restricted severely by excessive methanol production. Three methods to reduce methanol production were compared: fermentation material, boil and storage container. Boil treatment showed the best result, reducing methanol from 1.77 to 0.21 g/L, which was chosen for further analysis for comparing aroma compounds. Boil treatment increased ester, acids, and hydrocarbons; decreased alcohols, aldoketones, and terpenoids. The largest changes were seen in esters, hydrocarbons, and terpenoids. A pilot test of Boil treatment was performed. Results from the pilot test were consistent with laboratory results, with a significant decrease in methanol from 7.69 to 0.54 g/L. During the pilot test, methanol levels were measured in each fermentation layer and no significant difference was seen. Methanol levels were also measured in different distillation times. The foreshot had the highest concentration of methanol and the feint had the lowest concentration of methanol. Therefore, boil treatment combined with appropriate distillation will effectively solve the problem of excessive methanol production.
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Sultana, Kishwar, Bashir Ahmad, Zakia Ahmad, Abdur Rauf, Yahya S. Al-Awthan, Omar Bahattab, Sami Bawazeer, Aishma Khattak, and Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. "Effect of Bistorta affinis (D. Don) and Malcolmia cabulica (Boiss) Essential Oils on Human and Foodborne Pathogens, Insects and Termites." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, November 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.4.45.
Abstract:
This current study investigates the biological efficiency of essential oils extracted from Bistorta affinis and Malcolmia cabulica on human and foodborne pathogens as well as against insects and termites. The oils were obtained by steam distillation using a Clevenger-type system and analyzed for their constituents using GC-MS. Twenty compounds were identified, wherein carvacrol and thymol were the main constituents in both plants. Essential oils exhibited significant activity against all tested foodborne bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens. In addition, essential oils from both plants have shown promising activity against all tested insects, which is a positive sign of being used as an insect repellent. In contrast, no activity was observed against termites. The bioactivities are mainly due to carvacrol and thymol’s levels in the essential oils that known for their effectiveness against foodborne pathogens and pests. The present study constitutes a basis for further investigation and development of bioactive compounds in Bistorta affinis and Malcolmia cabulica.
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Basim, Hüseyin, Kenan Turgut, Begum Kaplan, Esin Basim, and Ali Turgut. "THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF Origanum dubium Boiss. ESSENTIAL OIL AS A SEED PROTECTANT AGAINST BEAN AND TOMATO SEED-BORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 18, no. 3 (June 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.3.8.
Abstract:
Origanum dubium is a valuable wild oregano species of the natural flora of Antalya, Turkey. In this study, we extracted essential oil (EO) by hydro-distillation of the aerial parts of selected O. dubium chemotype with highest EO content, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Carvacrol was the pri- mary component (85.9%) among 24 different compounds in the EO. The volatile test showed minimum inhibitory effect of the EO against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, Clavibacter michiganen- sis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, at 309, 303, 318, 254, and 901 µL/mL, respectively. A 1-hour treatment of bean and tomato seeds in the volatile phase of the EO effectively sterilized the seeds from bacterial pathogens without inhibiting their germination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the potential for the use of O. dubium EO as a seed protectant against bean and tomato seed-borne bacterial pathogens.
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Kouache, Benmoussa, Zakia Kaci, Moussa Brada, and Marie Laure Fauconnier. "Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Thymus algeriensis Boiss and Reut. Essential Oil against Aphis fabae Scopoli1763." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, Of (June 10, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-783.
Abstract:
Background: The aim of the present work was to study the chemical composition and evaluate the insecticidal activity of Thymus algeriensis Boiss and Reut. essential oil (TAEO) against Aphis fabae Scopoli is a polyphafous which desap many cultivated plants, under shelter and in the open field. Methods: The extraction of essential oil from the aerial parts of T. algeriensis was performed by hydro-distillation (yield: 2.7% w/w). The extracted essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and by gas chromatography (GC). Result: From this essential oil 22 compounds representing 92.27% of the oil were identified. The main constituents were carvacrol (61.5%), g-terpinene (8.81%) and p-cymene (10.83%). The experiment was carried out in random blocks (05), to study the behavior of Aphis fabae and its host, namely Vicia fabae. Thus, twenty-five bean plants infested with black aphids were chosen and distributed at random. The plants were treated by spraying at different doses of (HETA) (control, acetone; 0.1; 0.05 and 0.01%). The results obtained showed that TAEO at 0.1% results in a decrease of infestation rate of A. fabae, leading a mortality rate of 75.51%.The results of the treatment carried out at the beginning of spring are very promising; oil could thus be used as bio-insecticide.
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Salah, Eman Mohamed, Marwa Y. Issa, Tarik A. Mohamed, Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy, Soad H. Tadros, and Noha Fathallah. "Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Teucrium Leucocladum Boiss. essential oils growing in Egypt using two different techniques." Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 28, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43094-024-00621-5.
Abstract:
Abstract Background Teucrium Leucocladum Boiss. (TL) (family Lamiaceae), indigenous to Sinai, Egypt, and Mediterranean region, is considered a rich source of essential oils (EOs). This study aimed to extract the aerial parts essential oils utilizing hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and analyze the volatile constituents by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antifungal and cytotoxic potentials against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549, triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, were likewise estimated. Subsequently, the three main compounds were docked into the crystal structure of Candida albicansN-myristoyltransferase (NMT) with myristoyl-COA and peptidic inhibitor (PDB 1IYK), and predictions of human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) were performed to assess the drug-likeness of the compounds. Results The chemical profile consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The MAE oil sample (TLM) yield was found to be double that of the HD oil sample (TLH). TLM afforded an inhibitory diameter (13 mm) comparable to the ketoconazole (20 mm), TLM 100 mg/mL showed the strongest antifungal potential against C. albicans. The cytotoxic assay revealed moderate activity against A549 and MDA-MB-231. In silico studies using molecular docking were processed on the major components in which nerolidol had the best-fitting energy to inhibit C. albicans (− 7.21 kcal/mol), while ADME results established a promising first step for the potential drug bioavailability. Conclusion In this research, essential oil acquired from the aerial parts proved to contain monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which are classes of compounds known for their versatile usage in medicine. In vivo studies on Teucrium Leucocladum Boiss. active metabolites against clinical strains of fungi need to be further studied, as do the effects of combining the active compounds with antifungal agents to combat antimicrobial resistance.