Journal articles: 'Boilers Evaluation'

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Samanlioglu, Funda, Zeki Ayağ, Gökhan Kirkil, and Esra Yucal. "Evaluation of Gas-Fired Combi Boilers with HF-AHP-MULTIMOORA." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2022 (August 25, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9225491.

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There are many alternative gas-fired combi boilers that can be used to heat residential homes. Evaluation and selection of gas-fired combi boilers for buildings is an intricate multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem involving perhaps contradictory quantifiable and qualitative criteria. In this research, as the MCDM approach, hesitant fuzzy linguistic analytic hierarchy process (HF-AHP) and hesitant fuzzy linguistic “multiple objective optimization based on ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA)” (HF-MULTIMOORA) are integrated to assess and rank combi boiler alternatives for buildings. First, with HF-AHP, fuzzy criteria weights are determined and then with HF-MULTIMOORA, boiler alternatives are ranked from best to worst. In this integrated HF-AHP-MULTIMOORA method, evaluations of decision-makers are combined with fuzzy envelope approach and then triangular fuzzy numbers are utilized. For comparison analysis, HF-AHP-TOPSIS method is also applied to the same problem. A case study in Turkey is presented where ten combi boiler alternatives are assessed based on fifteen criteria by five decision-makers. We have used various selection criteria for boilers ranging from maximum temperature, heating capacity up to environmental effects and decided on the best combi boiler for heating residential buildings in Turkey.

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Liu, Jing, Yu Bo Wang, Cheng Bing He, and Ping Zhu. "Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on Energy-Efficiency of Plant Boiler Based on Exergy Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.1022.

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Currently, boiler efficiency evaluation system is always established on the method of heat balance based on the first law of thermodynamics as the main indicator, it is imperfect. Using Exergy method, which is based on the first and the second law of thermodynamics, not only focus on energy consumption, but also take the useful energy utilization levels into account, combined with evaluation of environmental indicators, the evaluation index system is established for energy-efficient of boilers. Then, in view of the structural characteristics of the index system, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method evaluates the energy efficiency of boilers. Finally, by using this evaluation method, energy efficiency was studied.

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Calotă, Răzvan, Nicolae N. Antonescu, Dan-Paul Stănescu, and Ilinca Năstase. "The Direct Effect of Enriching the Gaseous Combustible with 23% Hydrogen in Condensing Boilers’ Operation." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 11, 2022): 9373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249373.

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Following the international trend of using hydrogen as combustible in many industry branches, this paper investigates the impact of mixing methane gas with 23% hydrogen (G222) on condensing boilers’ operation. After modeling and testing several boilers with heat exchange surface different designs, the authors gathered enough information to introduce a new concept, namely High-Performance Condensing Boiler (HPCB). All the boilers that fit into this approach have the same operational parameters at nominal heat load, including the CO2 concentrations in flue gases. After testing a flattened pipes condensing boiler, a CO2 emission reduction coefficient of 1.1 was determined when converting from methane gas to G222 as combustible. Thus, by inserting into the national grid a G222 mixture, an important reduction in greenhouse gases can be achieved. For a 28 kW condensing boiler, the annual reduction in CO2 emissions averages 1.26 tons, value which was experimentally obtained and is consistent with the theoretical evaluation.

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Kim, Kang-Min, Gyu-Bo Kim, Byoung-Hwa Lee, Yoon-Ho Bae, and Chung-Hwan Jeon. "CFD Evaluation of Heat Transfer and NOx Emissions When Converting a Tangentially Fired Coal Boiler to Use Methane." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010246.

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The need to reduce global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is driving the conversion of coal-fired power plants to use methane, which can reduce CO2 emissions by >40%. However, conducting gas firing in coal boilers changes the heat transfer profile; therefore, preliminary evaluations using computational fluid dynamics are required prior to conversion. Here, methane was used as a heat input source in the simulation of an existing coal boiler, and combustion, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristics, and heat transfer profile changes inside the boiler were analyzed. Furthermore, changes in the burner zone stoichiometric ratio (BZSR) were simulated to restore the decreased heat absorption of the furnace waterwall, revealing that air distribution could change the heat absorption of the waterwall and tube bundles. However, this change was smaller than that caused by conversion from coal to methane. Therefore, to implement gas firing in coal boilers, alternatives such as output derating, using an attemperator, or modifying heat transfer surfaces are necessary. Despite these limitations, a 70% reduction in NOx emissions was achieved at a BZSR of 0.76, compared with coal. As the BZSR contributes significantly to NOx emissions, conducting gas firing in existing coal boilers could significantly reduce NOx and CO2 emissions.

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Kolesnyk, V., A. Pavlychenko, and I. Moniuk. "EVALUATION OF ENERGY ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR RESOURCE SAVING AND PROTECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE FROM EMISSIONS IN THE «BOILER-HOUSE – HEAT CONSUMERS – ENVIRONMENTAL» SYSTEM." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 22 (December 28, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.22.2020.04.

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Introduction. City boiler-houses significantly pollute the city's atmosphere with environmentally hazardous substances emitted into the atmosphere along with flue gases. In each district of the city, for example, with a population of one million, there are from 4 to 8 centralized boilers and several smaller boilers. Boiler emissions are caused not only by the type of fuel but also by the conditions of its combustion and the availability of technologies or means of capturing certain kinds of pollutants. Moreover, with the gradual seasonal cooling, fuel consumption increases, heat losses in residential and office buildings increase, which leads to an increase in fuel consumption. Accordingly, emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are increasing, which reduces the level of environmental safety of several neighbourhoods and the city as a whole.Aim and methods. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the energy and environmental efficiency of the introduction of resource-saving technologies in the system "boiler-house - heat consumers - environment", aimed at both resource conservation and reduction of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere based on a scientific generalization of methods boilers, as well as experimental determination of the amount of heat generated in certain parts of the specified system, in particular with the introduction of insulation technology.Results and discussion. A method for assessing the energy and environmental efficiency of technologies for resource conservation and protection of emissions from emissions in the system "boiler-house - heat consumers - environment" by the intensity of daily fuel consumption by boilers, as well as the level of conservation of heat produced by consumers. The energy-ecological index proposed by the authors is used, which simultaneously characterizes the multiplicity of the excess of current fuel consumption and the corresponding current emissions of pollutants by the boiler house relative to their calculated values calculated at the beginning of the heating season. The obtained results allow determining the resource-saving and ecological effect, in particular, from the introduction of the technology of insulation of the walls of houses in the link "heat consumers". To do this, you need to determine readout index values before and after the introduction of technology. The level of reduction of this index and related energy and environmental indicators will characterize the effectiveness of the introduced technology. In particular, the article showed that after full-scale insulation of the outer walls of urban buildings with layers of foam 5-10 cm thick, the value of the energy-ecological index will decrease by an average of 2%. Accordingly, fuel consumption by boilers and emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and other pollutants by boilers will reduce.Conclusions. The method of estimation of energy-ecological efficiency of introduction of technologies on resource-saving and protection of the atmosphere from emissions in the system "boiler-house - heat consumers - environment" based on the generalization of methods of operative calculation of emissions of pollutants based on the use of energy-ecological efficiency of introduction of technology of preservation of heat produced by the boiler-house due to warming of external walls of buildings, with the following definition of degree of decrease in the energy-ecological index and corresponding indicators of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by boiler-houses.

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Jiayin, Ji, and Chen Kang. "Evaluation of Integrated Energy System in Airports Based on Comprehensive Weighting Method." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124501022.

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Airport is a typical integrated energy system in a park with various energy requirements. In this paper, a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of system performance indicators was conducted by using a comprehensive weighting method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and anti-entropy weight method. A distributed energy system evaluation matrix model was used to evaluate and compare different integrated energy designs. The results showed that electric boilers would increase the primary energy ratio and primary energy consumption than the ones caused by gas boilers. Also, energy storage devices could significantly decrease pollutant emissions of integrated energy systems but would increase investment costs and reduce the economic indicators of system solutions. In a word, the configuration with ice storage, combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP), gas boiler, ground source heat pump (GSHP), air source heat pump (ASHP), and absorption chiller had the best evaluation indicators.

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Ezeamama, Anayo A., and Eike Albrecht. "Micro Combined Heat and Power Systems – Evaluation of a Sample Application." Environment and Natural Resources Research 9, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n3p1.

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The growing need for a secure, cost-effective, less polluting and efficient form of energy has contributed to an increasing interest in the use of micro combined heat and power (MCHP) systems. In this paper, the environmental performance and economic feasibility of a 1 kWe internal combustion engine (ICE) MCHP system in a one-family house was assessed and compared with the baseline scenario were residential energy demands are met with grid electricity and natural gas fired condensing boilers. The result of the analysis shows that MCHP systems present opportunities for savings in energy costs. Based on a social discount rate (SDR) of 5 % and a calculated 3259 operating hours, a simple payback period of about 4.8 years was derived as the time needed to recover the extra investment cost of the ICE unit. The result of the sensitivity analysis reveals that, both the running hours and price of electricity have significant effects on the payback period of the project. Considering the end of useful life period of the systems, MCHP offer a good replacement for conventional gas boilers of 90 % efficiency. However, their high initial costs (when compared to high efficiency condensing boilers), could be seen as the major factor hampering market diffusion. Also, considering the optimal environmental benefits, MCHP system produced more on-site CO2 emissions in reference to the condensing boiler but generally, annual CO2 emission is reduced by about 38 % when compared to the overall separate generation of heat and power scenario.

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Qu, Fang, Hong Tian, Qiu Yu Zheng, and Yu Liang Zheng. "Quantitative Assessment on Blast Effects of the Boiler BLEVE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.995.

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The boiler BLEVE is accompanied by highly destructive blast waves and flying fragments, whose damaging effect is reflected in casualties and property losses. Thus, the quantitative assessment of a boiler BLEVE consequence, especially for the blast effects, is fairly helpful to prepare contingency plans and review the overall layout and design. The paper presents the mechanism of the boiler BLEVE blast, the consequences, and the methodology to realize the reasonable evaluation, which can give a quantity of guidance to classify and take some safety countermeasures to supervise the boilers.

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Braverman, Vyacheslav, and Iryna Krutoholova. "ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF AIR POLLUTION INDICATORS BY SOLID FUEL LOCAL BOILER ROOMS." Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., no. 1-2(167-168) (July 18, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2022.01.01.

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In Ukraine, the losses from air pollution in 2020 amounted to 10.42 billion US dollars, or 6.7% of GDP (gross domestic product). Up to 83% of all emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere of Ukraine are accounted for by the electricity industry from the combustion of all fuels. According to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 15233 settlements in rural areas are heated by coal. Due to the fighting in eastern Ukraine, energy (long-flame gas) coal began to enter the private sector and the public sector for heating with local solid fuel boilers. No other fuel pollutes the atmosphere like long-flame coal. The paper shows that for some types of emissions from the combustion of fossil coal is ten times higher than the maximum allowable concentrations. The largest exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration of 5300 times in carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in 168.8 times, as well as nitric oxide NO2 in 6.1 times. In addition, the emission of benzo (a) pyrene from coal combustion is 0.27 g / GJ. Therefore, it is impossible to solve the environmental problems of decarbonization in Ukraine without taking into account emissions from local low-power solid fuel boilers. We propose to replace fossil long-flame coal in local solid fuel boilers with biochar made from agricultural waste. Such a solution would significantly reduce emissions of pollutants and solve the problem of agricultural waste disposal. The practical use of the proposed technology is constrained by the cost of biochar production, which is higher than that of fossil coal. It is shown that the decision to replace fossil coal with biochar must also take into account the impact of pollutants on the environment and human health. The paper estimates the losses from pollution by one solid fuel boiler of the environment, which amount to UAH 333,000, and the economic damage from pollution by one solid fuel boiler on human health, which amounts to UAH 640,000. In this case, the replacement of fossil coal with biochar is very cost-effective.

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Merc, Jaroslav, and Augustin Varga. "Predictive Diagnostics of Wet Bottom Boilers Operational States by Calculation of Steam Coal Ash Fluid Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.345.

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This article deals with the issue of steam coal ash fluid (or fusion) temperature evaluation by mathematical method, based on comparison of statistic values obtained by laboratory analysis. The ash fluid temperature is very important parameter for Wet Bottom Boilers operation states because of quality of slagging. The ash composition has the biggest impact to the operation effectiveness and reliability of the Wet Bottom Boilers. It can directly influence the boiler production. Importance of information on ash fluid temperature increased after more strict of NOx emission limits (below 600 mg/m3) become obliged. WBB were initially designed for optimal operation with high temperatures in combustion chamber, with a production of high amount of NOx (often about 1400 mg/m3). The ash fluid temperature is usually determined by laboratory only, but it requires certain time and costs. Authors tried to bring faster and easier way how to evaluate of ash fluid temperature with acceptable accuracy of the parameter as predictive diagnostics [6] of the future boiler operational states.

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Pasternak, Jerzy, and Janusz Dobrzanski. "Properties of Welded Joints on Superheater Coils Made from New Generation High Alloy Martensitic Steels Connected to Austenitic Creep-Resisting Steels and Supper Alloy Grades, for Supercritical Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.466.

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The continuously developing power generation sector, including boilers with supercritical parameters, requires applications of new creep-resistant steel grades for construction of boilers steam superheater components. Therefore, this paper contains selected information, results of the research and implementation process including: - evaluation, comparison of requested properties of base material and welded joints, such as tensile strength, impact strength and technological properties, - destructive examinations with evaluation of welded joints and HAZ structure and hardness distribution, - influence of manufacturing process in large boilermaker conditions and after simulated operation. A new creep-resistant steels to be used, in order to comply with the operational requirements, as to assure the appropriate reliability and safety of the boiler equipment in operation process. This document presents a simplified analysis of martensitic steels from group 9-12% Cr (T91, T92, HCM12A, VM12) and austenitic steels Cr-Ni (TP347FG, SUPER 304H, HR3C), having the chemical composition as presented in tables 1 and 2, which are to be applied for steam superheater components.

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Zuo, Penglai, Quanming Liang, Chenlong Wang, Jiajia Gao, Tao Yue, Peng Jing, and Li Tong. "Cost-benefit evaluation of different low NOx combustors of natural gas boilers in Beijing." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123601021.

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This study focuses on establishing a cost-benefit evaluation model of low NOx combustion technology and the environmental benefits and economic benefits evaluation of technology operation were carried out as well. Results showed that: (1) The operation cost per unit calorific supply of the low NOx combustor with larger capacity (14 MW) boilers was 1.5-2.1 yuan/GJ, which was 22.3% to 26.2% as much as that of boilers with smaller capacity (0.7 MW). Compared with scattered boilers with smaller capacity, it is more economical to use boilers with larger capacity for centralized heating. (2) The lower the NOx emission concentration was, the greater the NOx emission reduction was. Furthermore, the lower the NOx emission benefits of low NOx combustor per unit calorific supply was, the greater the economic benefit of NOx reduction per unit calorific supply was. Based on the environmental and economic benefits analysis, the lean premixed combustor is recommended for natural gas boilers with capacity of 7 MW and below, and flue gas recirculation combustor (FGR-30) could be selected for natural gas boilers with capacity above 7 MW to achieve the NOx retrofits requirements of 30 mg/m3 or 80 mg/m3.

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Ravina, Marco, Costanza Gamberini, Alessandro Casasso, and Deborah Panepinto. "Environmental and Health Impacts of Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Boilers in Urban Areas: A Case Study from Turin, NW Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020595.

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Domestic hot water heat pumps (DHW HPs) have spread fast in recent years in Europe and they now represent an interesting opportunity for implementing renewable energy sources in buildings with a centralized/district heating system, where DWH is generally produced by a gas boiler or an electric water heater. Replacing these appliances has several environmental benefits, including the removal of air pollution sources and the reduction of Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions. In this work, we present the techno-economic and environmental evaluation of implementing DHW HPs in Turin, where 66% of the DHW demand is covered by dedicated gas boilers. The impact of such boilers was assessed through numerical air dispersion modeling conducted with the software SPRAY (Aria Technologies, Paris, French). Results show that removing these sources would reduce yearly average concentrations of NOx up to 1.4 µg/m3, i.e., about 1% of monitored concentrations of NOx, with a benefit of 1.05 ÷ 15.15 M€/y of avoided health externalities. Replacing boilers with DHW HPs is always financially feasible with current incentives while, in their absence, it would be convenient for residential units with 3 cohabitants or more (51.22% of the total population), thanks to scale economies.

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SALOV, Aleksey G., Anna A. GAVRILOVA, Yuliya V. CHIRKOVA, and Lyaisan A. SAGITOVA. "SUMMARIZED COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE BOILER EQUIPMENT." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.02.25.

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The article analyses the method of evaluating the comparative effectiveness of the equipment, taking into account the expanded set of characteristics of the energy equipment using the method of multi-criteria evaluation DEA (data envelopment analysis). Generalized performance indicators characterizing the efficiency (efficiency, fuel and electricity costs), ecological (pollutant emissions) and technology (temperature of the exhaust gases, vacuum deviation from the desired in the furnace) are formed. It is compiled global efficiency criterion that allows to comprehensively assess the quality of the work on the set of all partial criteria of equipment. The application of this method on the example of boiler TP-230. Using DEA method to optimize the choice of modes of operation of boilers in accordance with their actual state.

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Wu, Ming-Fu, and Wei-Hsing Huang. "Evaluation of Fly Ash from Co-Combustion of Paper Mill Wastes and Coal as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 8931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248931.

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The applications of waste-derived fuel from paper mills in industrial boilers benefit the reduction of carbon emissions. However, the co-combustion of waste-derived fuel and coal causes significant changes in the characteristics of the ash and brings about the need to find possible means of the utilization of the ash produced. In this work fly, ash samples were collected from circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers co-combusting paper mill wastes with coal and analyzed in detail. The chemical, physical, and thermal characteristics of two different co-combustion fly ashes (CCFA) were investigated using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of CCFA is largely affected by the fuel source type. Thermal analyses of CCFA show that the type of desulfurization system used by the boiler influences the form of sulfate present in the fly ash. The presence of calcium sulfite hemihydrate can cause a high loss in the ignition of CCFA. By comparing the physical requirements specified in the ASTM standard for coal fly ash to be used in concrete, the CCFA produced from paper mill wastes was found to show good potential as supplementary cementitious materials.

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Rosa, Lorenzo, and Renzo Tosato. "Experimental evaluation of seasonal efficiency of condensing boilers." Energy and Buildings 14, no. 3 (November 1990): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(90)90050-s.

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Hariana, Adi Prismantoko, Ganda Arif Ahmadi, and Arif Darmawan. "Ash Evaluation of Indonesian Coal Blending for Pulverized Coal-Fired Boilers." Journal of Combustion 2021 (December 14, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8478739.

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Coal calorific value is one of the main considerations for using coal as a power plant fuel. In addition, the requirements for indications of slagging and fouling are also important to maintain combustion efficiency. However, coal power plants often experience problems in boiler operations due to the use of certain types of coal, even though they have a relatively high calorific value. This research investigates the effect of coal blending on ash fouling and slagging in an experimental investigation using a drop tube furnace with or without additives. Five different types of coal from different locations have been used in this study. Pulverized low-rank coal samples are burned in a drop tube furnace at 1,175°C with probe temperatures of 550°C and 600°C, corresponding to the combustion chamber of 600 MW power plants, including superheater and reheater areas. The ash particles’ characteristics and material composition were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. All coal mixture combinations demonstrated potential as a fuel for power plants that use pulverized coal-fired boilers. Because of its capacity to reduce slagging and fouling potentials, combining coal blending with the use of chemical additives yielded the greatest results.

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Viswanathan, R., S. R. Paterson, H. Grunloh, and S. Gehl. "Life Assessment of Superheater/Reheater Tubes in Fossil Boilers." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929553.

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Creep rupture failure of superheater (SH)/reheater(RH) tubes is a major cause of forced outages of power boilers. A methodology developed recently by EPRI and its contractors has helped utilities make more informed run/replace decisions for tubes by judiciously combining calculational, nondestructive, and destructive evaluations. In this methodology, the tubes/tube assemblies at risk are identified by ultrasonically measuring the thickest steamside oxide scale and thinnest wall thickness in the tubes. The remaining life of each tube/tube assembly is predicted using a computer code known as TUBELIFE, thus achieving a further level of focus on the tubes/assemblies in the “highest risk” category. Sacrificial tube samples are then removed from the select locations and subjected to laboratory metallurgical evaluation and isostress rupture testing to refine the remaining life estimates. Research has further refined this methodology by validating the ultrasonic technique for scale measurement, identifying the appropriate stress formula and oxide growth laws and evaluating the limitations of creep damage summation rules and isostress rupture test procedures. This paper provides an overview of the research in the field, and establishes a road map for assessing the remaining life of SH/RH tubes.

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Kotowicz, Janusz, Adrian Balicki, and Sebastian Michalski. "Thermodynamic evaluation of supercritical oxy-type power plant with high-temperature three-end membrane for air separation." Archives of Thermodynamics 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoter-2014-0023.

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Abstract Among the technologies which allow to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mainly of carbon dioxide, special attention deserves the idea of ‘zero-emission’ technology based on boilers working in oxy-combustion technology. In the paper a thermodynamic analysis of supercritical power plant fed by lignite was made. Power plant consists of: 600 MW steam power unit with live steam parameters of 650 °C/30 MPa and reheated steam parameters of 670 °C/6 MPa; circulating fluidized bed boiler working in oxy-combustion technology; air separation unit and installation of the carbon dioxide compression. Air separation unit is based on high temperature membrane working in three-end technology. Models of steam cycle, circulation fluidized bed boiler, air separation unit and carbon capture installation were made using commercial software. After integration of these models the net electricity generation efficiency as a function of the degree of oxygen recovery in high temperature membrane was analyzed.

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Fedorova, А. Yu, and Е. N. Bushuev. "The evaluation of corrosion rate of steel during chemical cleaning of steam boilers." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.6.021-029.

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Traditional and new washing acid reagents are used for chemical cleaning of internal surfaces of steam-water pipes of boilers. In previous studies, the rate of removal of lumpy and uniform deposits in the evaporative pipes of high-pressure steam boilers depending on the type of cleaning solution and the duration of cleaning was obtained. However, during chemical cleaning, removing deposits is accompanied by corrosion processes of the metal pipes, which leads to their loss. In the scientific and technical literature there are practically no data characterizing this process when using new detergent reagents. The aim of the study is to obtain experimental data on the corrosion rate of steels during the acid stage of chemical cleaning with the use of new cleaning reagents such as Antirzhavin, Deskam and Auge Pro AC 60. The gravimetric method of determination of metal corrosion rate of evaporative pipes is used. The samples of corrosion in cold and heated washing solutions during chemical cleaning from deposits by etching are employed. The laboratory testing has revealed the dependences of corrosion rate of carbon steel of boiler evaporative pipes and corrosion indicating plates in heated and not heated washing solutions of the inhibited hydrochloric acid and acid reagents on cleaning duration. It has been found that the corrosion rates of carbon steel are reduced during the cleaning process and at the end of the acid stage in solutions of inhibited hydrochloric acid and reagent solutions have values exceeding the maximum permissible corrosion rate in a cold inhibited technical solution of hydrochloric acid. However, they are less than those for pure metal and metal with scale. The experimental data obtained can be used in the selection of a chemical reagent for acid cleaning and its optimal duration, as well as in the selection of the method of steel corrosion control during cleaning.

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Lošák, Pavel, Tomáš Létal, Jiří Buzík, and Martin Naď. "Evaluation of the technical condition of medium-sized boilers." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815702026.

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The recent trend in the steam and electricity production has been both to increase the efficiency of the facility and to keep tightening legislation concerning emission limits. The lifetime of energy equipment is greatly influenced by the operating temperature, pressure and operating characteristics. The new conditions lead the operator to more often changes of these parameters, which has negative influence to the facility in terms of service life. Precise knowledge of the facility being operated and the ability to predict the residual life of its key parts in time is therefore necessary. A new methodology for determining the residual life and evaluating problematic situations of medium size boilers was developed at Brno University of Technology. Its approaches and advantages will be presented in this paper. The methodology provides the user with approaches for the lifetime evaluation of an equipment as a whole, based on detailed knowledge of the equipment being investigated and the ongoing damage. Additionally, if the equipment is continuously evaluated, it is possible to extend the inspection interval or to achieve a significantly higher lifetime of the entire equipment, thereby reducing the economic cost. If defined criteria are met, the methodology also allows inclusion of FEM and CFD simulations for achieving higher relevance of the results.

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Saari, Jussi, Ekaterina Sermyagina, Juha Kaikko, Markus Haider, Marcelo Hamaguchi, and Esa Vakkilainen. "Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Improvement Potential through Back-End Heat Recovery in the Kraft Recovery Boiler." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061550.

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Sustainability and energy efficiency have become important factors for many industrial processes, including chemical pulping. Recently complex back-end heat recovery solutions have been applied to biomass-fired boilers, lowering stack temperatures and recovering some of the latent heat of the moisture by condensation. Modern kraft recovery boiler flue gas offers still unutilized heat recovery possibilities. Scrubbers have been used, but the focus has been on gas cleaning; heat recovery implementations remain simple. The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential to increase the power generation and efficiency of chemical pulping by improved back-end heat recovery from the recovery boiler. Different configurations of heat recovery schemes and different heat sink options are considered, including heat pumps. IPSEpro simulation software is used to model the boiler and steam cycle of a modern Nordic pulp mill. When heat pumps are used to upgrade some of the recovered low-grade heat, up to +23 MW gross and +16.7 MW net power generation increase was observed when the whole pulp mill in addition to the boiler and steam cycle is considered as heat consumer. Combustion air humidification proved to yield a benefit only when assuming the largest heat sink scenario for the pulp mill.

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Thanisch, M. R., D. M. Rankin, P. J. Read, and H. Whaley. "The Performance of Fabric Filters in a Pilot Baghouse During Coal Water Fuel Combustion Trials." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231343.

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Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada, together with the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission (N.B. Power) and Cape Breton Development Corporation have undertaken a program in eastern Canada to demonstrate coal-water fuel (C.W.F.) technology for electric utility boilers. The successful results of the C.W.F. demonstration in N.B. Power’s Chatham Generating Station led to a continuation of the program in a 20-MWe compact oil-designed utility boiler in Charlottetown, P.E.I. during the latter part of 1986 and early 1987. Based upon the results of the Charlottetown demonstration an evaluation of C.W.F. for a larger utility boiler (in the 90–150-MWe range) is planned. An essential feature of the Charlottetown demonstration, and any subsequent use of C.W.F., is the containment of the particulate emissions which arise from use of coal in the boiler. This paper describes tests which were undertaken at Chatham, using a pilot-scale baghouse, in order to be able to specify equipment, materials and operating procedures for the Charlottetown C.W.F. demonstration.

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Koroli, M. "EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF COGENERATION UNITS IN BOILERS." National Association of Scientists 1, no. 73 (November 30, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2021.1.73.498.

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In the global energy sector, there is a steady trend towards an increase in the production and consumption of energy. As the analysis of the technology has shown, mini-Thermal Power Plants (TPP) are one of the key solutions to the problem. The construction, as well as the reconstruction of existing boiler houses in the mini-TPP will not only ensure more efficient use of fuel through the combined production of electric and thermal energy, but also improve the reliability of power supply to settlements and industrial enterprises

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Kassir, A. Al, J. Ganan Gomez, and A. A. Mohamad. "Evaluation of the optimum efficiency of fire tubes boilers." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 31, no. 1/2 (2007): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2007.015678.

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Fan, Baomin, Hua Hao, Anru Guo, and Ruping Yang. "Fabrication and evaluation of an attapulgite membrane as the filter for recycling blowdown water from industrial boilers." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, no. 3 (January 4, 2016): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.148.

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Continuous blowdown water (CBW) from industrial boilers is of great quantity and energy, and therefore worth recycling. According to the data from a long period of monitoring, carbonate and sulfate were documented as the main contaminants in CBW. Herein, an attapulgite (ATP) membrane was prepared on a macroporous Al2O3 support through solid state sintering. The prepared membrane (attapulgite membrane (ATM)) was characterized by mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and permselectivity analysis in dead-end mode. The optimal sintering temperature was 800 °C based on the morphology of the sintered active layer and its adhesive strength with support. The active layer exhibited a pore size distribution concentrated on 12.7nm with a thickness of about 80μm. In addition, crystal structures of ATP were retained in powder form after sintering. ATM obtained a pure water permeability of 1,411.87Lm–2h–1MPa–1 with the effective retention of carbonate and sulfate through electrical-related interactions. Several ATM filters were also developed and mounted on the boiler blowdown pipe, which had a high rejection rate of alkalinity and dissolved solids in CBW. The volume of wastewater emitted from the low-pressure boiler was reduced, since the filtrate could be recycled as part of the make-up water.

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Kander, Ladislav, Karel Matocha, and Jaromír Sobotka. "Relationships between Microstructural Parameters and Properties of 15NiCuMoNb5 Grade Steel Used for Special Industry Applications." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.381.

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This article is focused on optimization of fundamental utility properties and technological process of advanced low alloy steel 15NiCuMoNb5 used for power engineering mainly for production of large capacity steam boilers. Consequently problem critical locality in weld after post weld heat treatment is studied. Optimization of welding technology is proposed. Fracture behaviour of welded joint made from boiler plates 80 mm in thickness of 15NiCuMoNb5 type steel after N + T PWHT regime after welding procedure were studied. Stable crack growth measurement and evaluation of fracture toughness of base material as well as weld metal in temperature region from 0 up 350°C were carried out. Unstable cleavage fracture and fracture toughness KJc of both parts of welded joint at test temperatures cover the transition region were evaluated. The reference temperature T0 approach was used for evaluation of temperature dependence of fracture toughness in transition range.

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Slobodina, E. N., and A. G. Mikhailov. "VACUUM BOILERS DEVELOPED HEATING SURFACES TECHNIC AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY EVALUATION." Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines 5, no. 2 (2017): 095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2310-9793-2017-5-2-95-99.

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Valentine, James R., Hong-Shig Shim, Kevin A. Davis, Sang-Il Seo, and Tae-Hyung Kim. "CFD Evaluation of Waterwall Wastage in Coal-Fired Utility Boilers." Energy & Fuels 21, no. 1 (January 2007): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0602067.

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Zhou, Wei, Larry Swanson, David Moyeda, and Guang Xu. "Process Evaluation of Biomass Cofiring and Reburning in Utility Boilers." Energy & Fuels 24, no. 8 (August 19, 2010): 4510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef1005379.

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Slobodina, E. N., A. G. Mikhailov, and B. A. Semenov. "Vacuum boilers developed heating surfaces technic and economic efficiency evaluation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 944 (January 2018): 012111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/944/1/012111.

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Teixeira, Flavio Neves, and Electo Silva Lora. "Experimental and analytical evaluation of NOX emissions in bagasse boilers." Biomass and Bioenergy 26, no. 6 (June 2004): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.013.

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Krzywanski. "Heat Transfer Performance in a Superheater of an Industrial CFBC Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Methods." Entropy 21, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21100919.

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The heat transfer coefficient in the combustion chamber of industrial circulating flidized bed (CFB) boilers depends on many parameters as it is a result of multifactorial mechanisms proceeding in the furnace. Therefore, the development of an effective modeling tool, which allows for predicting the heat transfer coefficient is interesting as well as a timely subject, of high practical significance. The present paper deals with an innovative application of fuzzy logic-based (FL) method for the prediction of a heat transfer coefficient for superheaters of fluidized-bed boilers, especially circulating fluidized-bed combustors (CFBC). The approach deals with the modeling of heat transfer for the Omega Superheater, incorporated into the reaction chamber of an industrial 670 t/h CFBC. The height above the grid, bed temperature and voidage and temperature, gas velocity, and the boiler’s load constitute inputs. The developed Fuzzy Logic Heat (FLHeat) model predicts the local overall heat transfer coefficient of the Omega Superheater. The model is in good agreement with the measured data. The highest overall heat transfer coefficient is equal 220 W/(m2K) and can be achieved by the SH I superheater for the following inputs l = 20 m, tb = 900 °C, v = 0.95, u = 7 m/s, M-C-R = 100%. The proposed technique is an effective strategy and an option for other procedures of heat transfer coefficient evaluation.

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Palma, Adriano, Enrico Paris, Monica Carnevale, Beatrice Vincenti, Mattia Perilli, Ettore Guerriero, Marina Cerasa, et al. "Biomass Combustion: Evaluation of POPs Emissions (VOC, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F) from Three Different Biomass Prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine)." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 12, 2022): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101665.

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Agricultural activities lead to the production of large quantities of pruning and residual biomass, the correct disposal of which is a topic of great interest. Unfortunately, although it is an environmentally unacceptable practice, disposal often takes place with uncontrolled combustion in field (open burning). Disposal using biomass boilers produces energy from controlled combustion and the use of abatement systems reduces emissions that are inevitably generated in the combustion processes of solid fuel (CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, PM, etc.). Among the pollutants produced in combustion processes, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are one of the most relevant groups of chemicals that must be monitored for their effect on human health and the environment. This paper reports the data obtained for the emissive characterization of POPs of three different wood biomass prunings (Olive, Citrus and Grapevine) focusing on VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, PCDD/Fs. Emissions samplings were performed at the stack during combustion in a 30 kWth boiler equipped with a multicyclone filter bag for PM abatement in an isokinetic mode in accordance with the CEN and ISO standards methods. Through this work, a complete emission profile of VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs of three different biomass types is provided for the first time, showing that the use of biomass boilers produces quantities of pollutants below the regulatory limits and still lower than those produced by open burning phenomena. Citrus has shown, regarding the other two essences, elevated concentrations in terms of Σ PAH = 174.247 ng/m3, while Olive gave higher results in terms of PCBs and PCDD/Fs (respectively, 39.769 and 3390.63 TEQ pg/Nm3). This is probably due to the high concentration of iron in this biomass (711.44 mg/kg), which during combustion is a catalyst (together with copper) of PCDD/Fs.

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Kljajic, Miroslav, and Dusan Gvozdenac. "Assessment of boiler’s operating performance in different energy sectors in the province of Vojvodina." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 1 (2012): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120215065k.

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Creating database enables the wide range of possibilities for implementing energy management approach and for critical evaluation of accepted practices in the field of energy efficiency. This paper contains besides the existing database also measurements in the group of randomly selected boilers. The sample formed in such a way covers approximately 25% of all boilers in the Province of Vojvodina. This provides reliability and relevance of obtained results. With reference to users, it can be the indicator of a need to undertake concrete activities for the purpose of increasing energy efficiency of plants and improving observed situation. The last section concerns relevant authorities responsible for developing and amending the energy policy.

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Jamrozik, Przemysław, and Maria Sozańska. "Evaluation of the Applicability of Sanicro 25 Steel in Supercritical Boilers." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.201.

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We examine the mechanical and physical properties of Sanicro 25 steel that are relevant to the performance requirements of supercritical boilers (e.g., resistance to high-temperature corrosion). Sanicro 25 is mainly used in the construction of power plant components. Materials research has demonstrated the stability of properties at elevated temperatures (700 to 750°C) during long-term use. We conducted tests of corrosion resistance for Sanicro 25 steel, and confirmed its resistance to oxidation in steam and exhaust gas heat .

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Fueyo, N., V. Gambo´n, C. Dopazo, and J. F. Gonza´lez. "Computational Evaluation of Low NOx Operating Conditions in Arch-Fired Boilers." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818534.

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In the present paper, a computational model is used to simulate the aero-dynamic, thermal, and chemical conditions inside an arch-fired coal boiler. The model is based on the Eulerian-Eulerian concept, in which Eulerian conservation equations are solved both for the gas and the particulate phases. A NOx formation and destruction submodel is used to calculate the local concentration of NO. The model is used to simulate a range of operating conditions in an actual, 350 MW, arch-fired boiler, with the aim of reducing, using primary measures, the emissions of NOx. The model results shed some light on the relevant NOx-formation mechanisms under the several operating conditions. Furthermore, they correlate well quantitatively with the available field measurements at the plant, and reproduce satisfactorily the tendencies observed under the different operating modes.

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Kim, Sungil, Jongin Yang, and Sangmin Choi. "Design Evaluation of Heavy Duty Heat Exchangers for Compact Steam Boilers." Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion 18, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15231/jksc.2013.18.2.023.

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Gohira, Tsubasa, Youichi Shiraishi, and Toshiichi Aota. "Evaluation of Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Weld Metal in Various Boilers." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 71, no. 2 (2017): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.71.147.

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Nunes, Leonel J. R., Radu Godina, João C. O. Matias, and João P. S. Catalão. "Evaluation of the utilization of woodchips as fuel for industrial boilers." Journal of Cleaner Production 223 (June 2019): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.165.

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41

Yassaghi, Hamed, Nariman Mostafavi, Jin Wen, and Simi Hoque. "Partitioning Climate, Users, and Thermophysical Uncertainties from Building Energy Use: A Monte Carlo & ANOVA Approach." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020095.

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Buildings are subject to many uncertainties ranging from thermophysical performance to user activity. Climate change is an additional source of uncertainty that complicates building performance evaluation. This study aims to quantify the share of uncertainties stemming from building factors, user behavior, and climate uncertainty from boilers, chillers, fans, pumps, total HVAC systems, and total site energy use. A novel method combining Monte Carlo analysis and ANOVA is proposed to partition uncertainties from building energy simulation results under different climate change scenarios. The Monte Carlo method is used to generate distributions of building and user factors as building simulation inputs. Then, simulation results under current and future climate conditions are post-processed using a three-way ANOVA technique to discretize the uncertainties for a reference office building in Philadelphia, PA. The proposed method shows the share in percentages of each input factor (building, user, and climate) in the total uncertainty of building energy simulation output results. Our results indicate that the contribution of climate uncertainty increases from current conditions to future climate scenarios for chillers, boilers, fans, and pumps’ electricity use. User parameters are the dominant uncertainty factor for total site energy use and fans’ electricity use. Moreover, boiler and HVAC energy use are highly sensitive to the shape and range of user and building input factor distributions. We underline the importance of selecting the appropriate distribution for input factors when partitioning the uncertainties of building performance modeling.

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42

B I Odo. "Evaluation of growth performance of finisher broilers fed diets supplemented with garlic and ginger." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2021.1.2.0036.

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The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of garlic and ginger (as feed additives) on growth performance of finisher boiler birds. A total of thirty two 4-week old birds used for the experiment were randomly assigned to four treatment groups in a complete randomized design (CRD). Each group was further subdivided into two replicates. Four experimental diets were formulated such that diet 1(T1) which served as control contained neither garlic nor ginger. Diets 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) contained 0.25% of garlic and 0.25% ginger respectively, while diet 4 (T4) contained a mixture of both garlic and ginger at equal proportion (0.25% each). Parameters evaluated included weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results of the experiment which lasted for 35 days showed that birds fed supplemented diets had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight and superior FCR than those fed unsupplemented diet. However, there was no significant difference(P>0.05) in feed consumption of the birds in the different treatments. The findings of the study suggest that garlic and ginger can serve as good feed additives in the diets of finisher boilers.

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Lobley, Graham R., and Waleed L. Al-Otaibi. "Diagnosing Boiler Tube Failures Related to Overheating." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.175.

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Unexpected tube failure is the major factor causing unreliability in utility boilers. The first step in analyzing tube failures is to identify the active damage mechanisms. Three tube damage mechanisms related to overheating are presented and possible root causes are discussed to resolve these tube failures. Damage mechanisms can be recognized by metallurgical evaluation, comprising a combination of both visual and microexamination, complemented by chemical analyses of tube or fireside deposits, as appropriate. Characterizing the degree of microstructural degradation can also help to confirm and separate various potential high temperature tube damage modes, such as long or short term overheating, as well fuel ash attack. Carbon steel is the standard tube material for high pressure boilers (typically up to 625 psig steam) and has a normal design temperature limit of about 440 °C. However, microstructural changes occurring as a result of higher temperature exposures in service can include carbide spheroidization, graphitization and other transformations. Metallography is powerful tool for evaluating overheated failures and also for fire damage assessment. Evaluating overheated steel microstructures utilizes the principles of steel heat treatment and application of the iron-iron carbide equilibrium diagram.

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Tailakov, O. V., D. N. Zastrelov, V. O. Tailakov, and A. B. Efremenkov. "Utilization Prospects of Coalbed Methane in Kuzbass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.622.

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It views evaluation approaches of coalbed methane resources developed in the area, taking into account the peculiarities of its supply from coal seams during and after mining. Was given an estimation of economic efficiency of methane utilization in generating stations, boilers and gas stations, fueled by compressed and liquefied coal mine methane.

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45

Zieliński, A., J. Dobrzański, H. Purzyńska, and G. Golański. "Changes In Properties and Microstructure of High-Chromium 9-12%Cr Steels Due to Long-Term Exposure at Elevated Temperature." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0163.

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AbstractThis paper presents the characteristics of the performance of P91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1), P92 (X10CrWMoVNb9-2) and VM12 (X12CrCoWVNb12-2-2) steels used for condition assessment of the pressure components of boilers with supercritical steam parameters. Studies on the mechanical properties, microstructure tests using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis of the phase composition of precipitates were performed for selected steels in the as-received condition and after long-term annealing. These steel characteristics are used for the evaluation of the microstructural changes and mechanical properties of the material of components after long-term service. The result of this study is the database of material characteristics representing the mechanical properties related to the microstructure analysis and it can be used for diagnosis of the components of pressure parts of power boilers.

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Khan, Umara, Ron Zevenhoven, and Tor-Martin Tveit. "Evaluation of the Environmental Sustainability of a Stirling Cycle-Based Heat Pump Using LCA." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174469.

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Heat pumps are increasingly seen as efficient and cost-effective heating systems also in industrial applications. They can drastically reduce the carbon footprint of heating by utilizing waste heat and renewable electricity. Recent research on Stirling cycle-based very high temperature heat pumps is motivated by their promising role in addressing global environmental and energy-related challenges. Evaluating the environmental footprint of a heat pump is not easy, and the impacts of Stirling cycle-based heat pumps, with a relatively high temperature lift have received little attention. In this work, the environmental footprint of a Stirling cycle-based very high temperature heat pump is evaluated using a “cradle to grave” LCA approach. The results for 15 years of use (including manufacturing phase, operation phase, and decommissioning) of a 500-kW heat output rate system are compared with those of natural gas- and oil-fired boilers. It is found that, for the Stirling cycle-based HP, the global warming potential after of 15 years of use is nearly −5000 kg CO2 equivalent. The Stirling cycle-based HP offers an environmental impact reduction of at least 10% up to over 40% in the categories climate change, photochemical ozone formation, and ozone depletion when compared to gas- and oil-fired boilers, respectively.

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SINGBEIL, DOUGLAS L., LAURIE FREDERICK, JAMES R. KEISER, and W. B. A. SANDY SHARP. "Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 1: Laboratory evaluation of candidate superheater alloys." August 2014 13, no. 8 (September 1, 2014): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.8.37.

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A laboratory-based program was designed to evaluate candidate alloys for superheaters operating at temperatures substantially higher than currently used in practice for biomass and chemical recovery boilers. However, the data is also applicable to superheaters operating in very corrosive conditions at lower temperatures. Alloys are ranked according to their performance in simulated environments.

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Chandrasekar, Aruna, and Eoin Syron. "Evaluation of Heat Decarbonization Strategies and Their Impact on the Irish Gas Network." Gases 1, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gases1040014.

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Decarbonization of the heating sector is essential to meet the ambitious goals of the Paris Climate Agreement for 2050. However, poorly insulated buildings and industrial processes with high and intermittent heating demand will still require traditional boilers that burn fuel to avoid excessive burden on electrical networks. Therefore, it is important to assess the impact of residential, commercial, and industrial heat decarbonization strategies on the distribution and transmission gas networks. Using building energy models in EnergyPlus, the progressive decarbonization of gas-fueled heating was investigated by increasing insulation in buildings and increasing the efficiency of gas boilers. Industrial heat decarbonization was evaluated through a progressive move to lower-carbon fuel sources using MATLAB. The results indicated a maximum decrease of 19.9% in natural gas utilization due to the buildings’ thermal retrofits. This, coupled with a move toward the electrification of heat, will reduce volumes of gas being transported through the distribution gas network. However, the decarbonization of the industrial heat demand with hydrogen could result in up to a 380% increase in volumetric flow rate through the transmission network. A comparison between the decarbonization of domestic heating through gas and electrical heating is also carried out. The results indicated that gas networks can continue to play an essential role in the decarbonized energy systems of the future.

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Koido, Kenji, Eri Takata, Takashi Yanagida, and Hirofumi Kuboyama. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Heat Supply Systems in Woodchip Drying Bases for Wood Gasification Combined Heat and Power." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416878.

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Among decentralized small-scale biomass energy sources with the potential to revitalize local communities, combined heat and power (CHP) from gasification is promising in terms of its high power generation efficiency. Still, it has yet to achieve operational stability, in part due to the variation in the moisture content of the woodchips used as fuel. In this study, a technical and economic evaluation was performed to establish a center for the efficient production of high-quality dry woodchips within a sawmill and to determine the technical characteristics and economic viability of a system using gasification CHP, wood waste-fired boilers or an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as heat sources. The results showed that the net present values (NPVs) of gasified CHP, wood waste-fired boilers and ORC were −186 million, −402 million, and −103 million JPY, respectively. None of them were deemed profitable. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of low-quality wood prices, dry woodchips, heavy oil A, and the grid electricity charge on the NPV. The improvement of the low-quality wood price and dry woodchips sales price was effective for heat supply by gasification CHP and ORC turbines, and their combination was effective for woodchip-fired boilers.

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Gupta, G. D., K. S. Ahluwalia, M. S. Rao, J. L. Blough, and J. Cocubinsky. "A Practical Strategy for Life Evaluation and Extension of Fossil-Fuel-Fired Boilers." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264454.

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Facing escalating costs for new generating facilities and regulatory and economic uncertainties, electric utilities are increasingly postponing construction of new power plants and are instead exploring ways to extend the life of the older plants well beyond their intended design life. Much work has been performed on a worldwide basis in recent years to develop analytical and experimental methods to determine the remaining life of boiler components. The diversity of the methods developed and their relative merits leaves practicing engineers with an unclear definition of a practical approach to life evaluation, especially for high-temperature components. This paper presents a practical strategy for boiler life evaluation and extension using proven techniques. While not losing sight of recent developments, the emphasis is on using methods that are inexpensive, fast, and proven. The approach is currently in use on a commercial basis and is continually being updated to reflect new information as it becomes available.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Boilers Evaluation'

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