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Academic literature on the topic 'Boi͡ana (Bulgaria)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Boi͡ana (Bulgaria)"

1

Daskalov, Roumen. "Modern Bulgarian Society and Culture through the Mirror of Bai Ganio." Slavic Review 60, no. 3 (2001): 530–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696814.

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This article deals with the fictional character Bai Ganio, who was created by the Bulgarian writer Aleko Konstantinov at the end of the nineteenth century and who has become a sort of national symbol in Bulgarian society and culture. Daskalov presents the various interpretations of Bai Ganio, explores their assumptions and implicit meanings, and then employs the character to illuminate some of the major problems and concerns within Bulgarian society. Metaphorically one might say that the various interpretations of Bai Ganio serve as a mirror for a modernizing Bulgaria or, even better, that Bai Ganio and Bulgaria mutually reflect each other. Yet although the mirror retains the trace of the mirrored object, it obfuscates and distorts it.

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Vitanova, Emilia. "NEWLY FOUND DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE DECISION OF THE BULGARIAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE ABOUT THE OLYMPIC TORCH RELAY THROUGH BULGARIA IN 1972." Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 2023, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/jass.2023.02.8.

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The Munich Olympic Games in 1972 were organized and held in the atmosphere of political and ideological controversies, which directly affected the organization and the Olympic Torch Relay along the route Olympia – Munich. This article aims to present newly found evidence about Bulgaria’s participation in planning the overall route of the Olympic Torch Relay across the country. The manuscript includes various documents and scientific and popular publications systematized through content analysis, comparative analysis, and critical analysis. In the course of the research, we also found 32 articles in periodicals. We researched some books and publications by foreign and Bulgarian authors, documents preserved in the regional libraries, the central state archive, the regional archives, and the archives of the Bulgarian Union for Physical Culture and Sport (BUPCS) and “Bulgarian Photography”. The research traced the difficulties and influences making the Bulgarian Olympic Committee (BOC) doubtful about the organization of the Olympic Torch Relay. On the basis of the newly found documents, we can have a clearer view of the political and ideological influences on BOC determining the decision on this matter.

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Todorova, Sevdalina Alekova. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Bulgaria." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 1 (2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-1-122-127.

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Overweight and obesity among adolescents is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. They play a potential role in the development of a number of socially significant non-communicable conditions and diseases. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevelance of overweight and obesity among Bulgarian teenagers of both sexes and age range from 13 to 18 years based on anthropometric parameters – height, weight, and body mass index. Methods. It was conducted a survey of anthropometric indicators on a representative sample of region Stara Zagora, Bulgaria in September-October 2016. The study population included 481 school students aged 13-18 years. The classification of overweight and obesity status was determined by body mass index (BMI) for age and sex according to the WHO Growth Reference for children aged 5–19 years. Results. The results of the transversal study showed increased levels of overweight and obesity among adolescents – 14.96% and 3.74%, respectively. The percentage of overweight in the individual age groups ranged from 10.52% to 19.54%. The leaders in the sample on this indicator were 18-year-old male students – 11.49%. The prevalence of obesity among different age groups varied from 1.13% to 6.25%. The highest values of obesity were found in 13- and 14-year-old school students – 6.00% and 6.25%, respectively. Conclusion. The research found increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bulgarian adolescents aged 13–18 years. It requires effective health programs, active civic self-awareness, and personal participation to limit this extremely harmful process that has already reached a pandemic spread. Key words: adolescents, obesity, overweight, general practice, BMI

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Semánová, Csilla, Gergő J. Szőllősi, István Ilyés, Greet Cardon, Julie Latomme, Violeta Iotova, Yuliya Bazdarska, et al. "Differences in Anthropometric Parameters of Children in Six European Countries." Children 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10060983.

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Background: The databases of children’s anthropometric parameters are often outdated, rarely representative and are not always available at an international level. Objectives: To present children’s anthropometric parameters in six European countries that contributed to the Feel4Diabetes project and find country-specific differences. Design/Setting: The Feel4Diabetes study was performed between 2016 and 2018, targeting children in Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain. The current study presents data from the baseline and the yearly follow-up anthropometric measurements. Subjects: In total, 20,832 measurements of children (48.7% boys) between 6 and 10 years of age were conducted. Main outcome measure: weight, height, BMI. Results: Belgian boys had the lowest body weight and height, while Greek boys had the highest body weight, and Finnish had the highest body height. The highest proportion of overweight (percentile above 85%) and obese boys (percentile above 95%) was in Greece, followed by Hungarian, Spanish, Bulgarian and Finnish boys. In contrast, Belgian boys had the lowest ratio in both categories. Among girls, Greece had the highest; Belgium had the lowest body weight; Finland was the highest in all age categories. The ratio in the overweight range was the highest in Greece, followed by Spanish, Bulgarian and Hungarian girls, who were second in the obese category. Finnish girls had lower and Belgian girls had the lowest ratio in both BMI categories. All the detailed data are presented in tables, and the trends are figures. Conclusions: Our study presents fresh and comparable anthropometric data of children between 6 and 10 years of age in six European countries, supporting the need for appropriate obesity prevention.

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Ivanova, Lumdila, Plamen Dimitrov, Jocilyn Dellava, and Daniel Hoffman. "Prevalence of obesity and overweight among urban adults in Bulgaria." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 12 (December 2008): 1407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008002061.

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AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of obesity is increasing in transitional countries, but extensive data on some countries, such as Bulgaria, are still lacking. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, relative to gender and income, among adults in Sofia, Bulgaria.DesignCross-sectional survey to collect data on diet, health, BMI and income using a brief questionnaire on diet and income. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance to determine differences within and between income and gender groups.SettingSofia, Bulgaria.SubjectsAdults living in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria.ResultsFor adults 30–60 years of age, 35·1 % were overweight and 6·2 % were obese. The proportion of overweight and obesity was higher among men than women (44·8 % v. 32·4 % and 6·0 % v. 4·7 %, respectively). With respect to income, BMI decreased as income increased. For men, BMI was highest for the lowest and highest income groups, whereas for women lower income was associated with a higher BMI.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be an emerging problem in some sectors of Bulgarian society, based on our data from the largest urban area of the country. These data provide new information on the divergence in health and disease risk in a country that is still economically challenged and may be facing the nutrition transition.

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Sadovski, Alexander. "MINERAL WATERS IN BULGARIA." Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection 2023, no. 1/2023 (June 18, 2023): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2023.1.1726.

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The present study aims to review the sources of mineral water in Bulgaria, as well as the various aspects of their use as an energy source, benefit for human health and the national economy. Several literary sources on the subject are cited. Statistical analysis was performed and data were summarized about their physical and chemical characteristics, and especially to find distribution by temperature. The production of cheap thermal energy from the geothermal plants contribute to the reduction of the environment pollution, which is of great importance for the country. The extremely good bio-climatic resources in the country provide a base for the prospective development of the balneological branch. The barriers to geothermal development in the country are shown. It is concluded that the importance of geothermal energy from mineral waters in Bulgaria is underestimated.

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Gyudorova, Stela. "Studies on Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) In Bulgaria." Silva Balcanica 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e101459.

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The purpose of this publication is to review and analyze the main studies of Manna ash in Bulgaria in or-der to present summarized information and acquire an objective view of the possibilities for proper per-ception of the importance of this local tree species and its use in various aspects of science and practice in our country. The study covers the period from the second half of the 1940s, when the first specialized journals in the field of forest science were published, until 2022. The focus of the study is on publications related directly or indirectly to various aspects of research on manna ash.  The tracking of the chronology of forestry studies in Bulgaria shows trends towards a change in the perception of Manna ash as an inferior species and the search for its benefits for forestry practice, including rethinking its role from one of a weed species into an adjustable competitor, stimulating the regeneration of oaks and others indigenous species in plantations. The role of phytocoenological studies, which in relation to the Manna ash communities, both in nat-ural and artificial forest plantations, with its participation have increased in recent years. With their help, it is possible to trace the stages of successions and fluctuations and behavior of Manna ash in xerothermic oak forests and austian pine crops – its ecological-coenotic strategy towards the main tree species. The studies of Manna ash in Bulgaria in the field of special uses are close to their European ana-logues and in a number of cases overtake them with new data and discoveries, mostly in terms of bio-logically active products and antiallergic agents obtained from this plant species, among which we have world patents. 

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Lomax, Johanna, Markus Fuchs, Pierre Antoine, Denis-Didier Rousseau, France Lagroix, Christine Hatté, Samuel N. Taylor, et al. "A luminescence-based chronology for the Harletz loess sequence, Bulgaria." Boreas 48, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12348.

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Ajdanlijsky, George, André Strasser, and Annette E. Götz. "Integrated bio- and cyclostratigraphy of Middle Triassic (Anisian) ramp deposits, NW Bulgaria." Geologica Carpathica 70, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2019-0019.

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Abstract A cyclostratigraphic interpretation of peritidal to shallow-marine ramp deposits of the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) Opletnya Member exposed in outcrops along the Iskar River gorge, NW Bulgaria, is presented. Based on facies trends and bounding surfaces, depositional sequences of several orders can be identified. New biostratigraphic data provide a time frame of the studied succession with placement of the boundaries of the Anisian substages and show that the Aegean (early Anisian) substage lasted about 1.6 Myr. In the corresponding interval in the two studied sections, 80 elementary sequences are counted. Five elementary sequences compose a small-scale sequence. The prominent cyclic pattern of the Opletnya Member can thus be interpreted in terms of Milankovitch cyclicity: elementary sequences represent the precession (20-kyr) cycle and small-scale sequences the short eccentricity (100-kyr) cycle in the Milankovitch frequency band. Medium-scale sequences are defined based on lithology but only in two cases can be attributed to the long eccentricity cycle of 405 kyr. The transgressive-regressive facies trends within the sequences of all scales imply that they were controlled by sea-level changes, and that these were in tune with the climate changes induced by the orbital cycles. However, the complexity of facies and sedimentary structures seen in the Opletnya Member also implies that additional factors such as lateral migration of sediment bodies across the ramp were active. In addition, three major sequence boundaries have been identified in the studied sections, which can be correlated with the boundaries Ol4, An1, and An2 of the Tethyan realm.

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Zlateca, Minka, and Petranka Fileva. "Bulgarien / Bulgaria - Fragen der Kategorienbildung bei der statistischen Analyse des Zeitungsmarktes; Forming Categories for the Statistical Analysis of the Newspaper Market (Summary)." relation Beiträge zur vergleichenden Kommunikationsforschung / Communication Research in Comparative Perspective 1, no. 1 (2004): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/relation1s181.

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Books on the topic "Boi͡ana (Bulgaria)"

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Kat͡sarska, Krasimira. Chovek i Bog v bŭlgarskata literatura. Plovdiv: Izd-vo "Makros 2001", 1999.

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Sarandev, Ivan. Bŭlgarska literatura, 1918-1945: Universitetski uchebnik. Plovdiv: Khermes, 2004.

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3

Pillinger, Renate. Ein frühchristliches Grabmal mit Wandmalerei bei Ossenovo (Bezirk Varna/Bulgarien). Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1989.

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4

Peti͡a︡, Ĭordanova, I͡A︡nkova Albena, and Dom na literaturata i izkustvata za det͡s︡a i i͡u︡noshi., eds. Liana Daskalova, Nadi͡a︡ Kekhlibarova [i.e. Kekhlibareva] Peti͡a︡ Ĭordanova: Biobibliografski ochert͡s︡i. Sofii͡a︡: Dom na lit-rata i izkustvata za det͡s︡a i i͡u︡noshi, 1989.

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5

Urban, Zdeněk. Praga i bŭlgarskata filologii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Sv. Kliment Okhridski, 1992.

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6

Radeva, Zhivka. Ivan Radoslavov. Ivan Meshekov. Veliko Tŭrnovo: Faber, 2001.

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Kolarova, Snezhana. Nikola Ĭonkov Vapt︠s︡arov: Biobibliografii︠a︡ 1980-2009. Sofii︠a︡: Nat︠s︡ionalna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ,", 2016.

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Radeva, Anastasii︠a︡. Akademik Ivan Radev: Bibliografii︠a︡. Veliko Tŭrnovo: Narodna biblioteka "P. R. Slaveĭkov", 2018.

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Pŭrvev, Khristo. Sŭzdateli i tvort︠s︡i na bŭlgarskoto ezikoznanie. Sofii︠a︡: Dŭrzh. Izd-vo Nar. Prosveta, 1987.

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Pŭrvev, Khristo. Sŭzdateli i tvort͡s︡i na bŭlgarskoto ezikoznanie. Sofii͡a︡: Dŭrzh. izd-vo "Nar. prosveta", 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Boi͡ana (Bulgaria)"

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Stoykova, Velislava. "Extracting and Analyzing Terms with the Component ‘Green’ in the Bulgarian Language: A Big Data Approach." In Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications, 245–54. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27499-2_23.

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Krastev, Evgeniy, Simeon Abanos, Petko Kovachev, and Dimitar Tcharaktchiev. "Diabetes Prevalence and Duration Data Extracted from Outpatient Records Representative for the Bulgarian Population." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti230470.

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This paper presents new data about diabetes prevalence and illness duration from a population of patients with diabetes Type 1(43,818) and Type 2 (457,247). Unlike the usual approach that employs adjusted estimates in similar prevalence reports, this study extracts data from a large number of original clinical documents such as all the outpatient records (6,887,876) issued in Bulgaria to all the 501,065 patients with diabetics during 2018 (9.77% of all the 5,128,172 patients recorded in 2018, 4.43% male and 5.35% female). Diabetes prevalence data are described in terms of distributions of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes over age and gender. It is mapped to an Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model that is publicly available. The distribution of Type 2 diabetics agrees with peak values of BMI established in related research. A major novelty in this research are the data about the diabetes illness duration. It is an essential metric for evaluating the quality of processes evolving over time. Accurate estimates are obtained for the duration measured in years of Type 1 (95% CI 10.92, 11.08) and Type 2 (95% CI 7.97, 8.02) diabetics from the Bulgarian population. The patients with diabetes Type 1 have longer diabetes duration relatively to those with Type 2. It is recommended to include this metric in official diabetes prevalence reports.

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Krastev, Evgeniy, Dimitar Tcharaktchiev, Petko Kovachev, and Simeon Abanos. "Diabetes and Obesity in Bulgaria. Study of a Large Number of Outpatient Records from 2018." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220721.

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This paper considers the association between diabetes and obesity by examining body mass index (BMI) values and ICD-10 codes for obesity illnesses. The BMI values are extracted from 6,887,876 anonymized outpatient records describing all the visits of diabetics to general practitioners and specialists in ambulatory care from the latest Bulgarian nationally representative data. The number of adults in this sample having BMI ≥ 25 is 253,841 i.e. 84.121% of the adult diabetics with BMI records are overweight or obese. The objective of the study is to reveal how the BMI recorded values in outpatient records relate diabetics with overweight or obesity illness. In the existing literature sources there is scant empirical data of this subject where the conclusions are founded on a nationally representative sample. A secondary objective is to obtain the distribution of BMI values of adults with respect to their age and gender. The initial computer experiments prove that there is no immediate and unconditional relation between BMI and the obesity illnesses. These results underpin the role of BMI as a risk factor that should be observed regularly as an important part of proactive public health policies.

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Takuchev, Nikolay. "How Ischemic Heart Diseases Mortality Depends on Solar Corpuscular Radiation: A Case from Bulgaria." In Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8, 44–55. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cdhr/v8/7766d.

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Staykova, J., and R. Chilingirova. "Descriptive Study on Benchmarking of the Results from the Performed Activities in the Preventive Medicine in Schools in Some Regions of Republic of Bulgaria." In Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5, 48–54. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cdhr/v5/5904d.

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Jovtchev, Gabriele, Svetla Gateva, Tsvetelina Gerasimova, Margarita Topashka-Ancheva, Tsveta Angelova, Alexander Stankov, Ana Dobreva, and Milka Mileva. "A Cytogenetic Overview of Bulgarian Rosa alba L. Essential Oil, Hydrosol and Wastewater – Generated by Water-Steam Distillation on in vivo and in vitro Test-Systems." In Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4, 34–69. B P International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nacb/v4/6060c.

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Conference papers on the topic "Boi͡ana (Bulgaria)"

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Petkova, Petya, Oleg Hristov, Petar Peev, Borislava Petrova, Milena Zdravcheva, Hristo Andonov, and Velichka Aleksandrova. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BULGARIAN STUDENTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/117.

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ABSTRACT According to the World health organization (WHO), physical activity is the basis of healthy living. Most of these topics are made through questionnaires that express the inner feeling of the participant without data that can direct any norms for that activity. WHO has suggestions for children‘s physical activity, but there is not enough empirical data about children‘s physical activity in Bulgaria. All of the mentioned things above lead us to the aim of the study to determine the physical activity parameters in students in Bulgaria. The tasks of the research are 1) The determination of the physical activity of Bulgarian students (boys and girls) made daily; 2) The determination of the health status (physical development) of the Bulgarian students. Methods: The main research methods include anthropometry with segmental body analysis and an accelerometer. We used anthropometric indicators: Weight, height, BMI, Body mass %, body mass, and Muscle mass Weight, and from accelerometers, we used MET threshold units to determine the levels of physical activity. The study group contains 215 students that study in Sofia municipality. The investigated students are separated into three sub-groups based on their current study grade. Results: On average Bulgarian students gain Weight and get taller with growing up. BMI and Muscle mass increases with age for the boys, but BF percentage decreases. Whereas in girls, BMI decreases with no apparent trend of BF, but muscle mass increases and this may be due to puberty., and that may be due to puberty. The parameters of the physical activity are interesting because they are unique in Bulgarian science data. As an overall trend for boys and girls, we could observe that the average sitting time increases, but all of the other parameters decrease. That means that with aging Bulgarian children have less activity as a total. Conclusion: Based on the current data, Bulgarian students are less active with aging but somehow manage to keep a normal BMI.

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Petrova-Hristova, Kristina. "Bulgarian Agriculture – Principles, Traditions and Development of the Organic Agriculture." In Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2022.381.

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Agriculture as a traditional branch has a strategic importance for Bulgaria, not only because it ensures food security, and creates raw materials for many other industries and sectors of the national economy, but also provides work and income for a significant part of the population in rural areas. When we talk about agriculture as an economic activity we must always consider it in direct correlation with rural areas and their vitality. The sector is among the most dynamically developing in terms of modernization, robotization, digital transformation, also provoked by the ambitious goals related to climate and green challenges on a global scale. Precisely the agricultural sector is at the center of the circular economy and bio-based societies, preservation and development of the regions, and is in close connection with the development of science – from applied to the top – called to carry humanity into the next era. Bulgarian agriculture has deep traditions in society, its history can be traced back in time. But in the circumstances of globalization, facilitating access to imported food, it is important to increase the competitiveness of Bulgarian agricultural products. In recent years, there is more and more talk about ecologically clean production, and Bulgaria is no exception because it is making serious attempts to develop organic agriculture in the country.

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Ilinova, Bogdana. "BODY COMPOSITION AND SOMATOTYPE OF ERASMUS STUDENTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/75.

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ABSTRACT The present study aims to investigate the body composition and somatotype of students from several European countries, who study Sports Sciences or Physical Education in their countries and were in Bulgaria, in the National Sports Academy like incoming participants in the Educational Program Erasmus. They all practice different sports at an amateur level. Material and Methodology: An anthropometric investigation of 30 male and 20 female students was done. It included the following parameters height (cm), weight (kg), body circumferences of arms and legs (cm), skinfolds (mm), and bone diameters (cm) with corresponding certified devices. Over the measured features composed parameters, characterizing body composition were calculated- a percentage of body fat (%), absolute quantity of fat tissue (kg), lean body mass (kg), an absolute quantity of muscle mass (kg), muscular circumferences of arm and tight (cm) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The somatotype of the students was defined by the Heath-Carter method. The data were compared with those of Bulgarian and Greek students studying similar disciplines- Sports Sciences and Physical Education. Conclusion: The results in concern of the % of body fat tissue seem to be similar between those of Erasmus and Bulgarian students in males (about 12%) and a little bit different in females (15-20%). Somatotypologic characteristics mark higher value in the mesomorphic component in both Erasmus and Bulgarian students.

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Teodosieva, Hristina, and Antonia Tsankova. "RECEPTION OF BAI JUYI’S PROSE IN BULGARIA: HOW DO FOREIGN AUDIENCES PERCEIVE HIS WORKS AFTER 1250 YEARS?" In 10th International Conference "Issues of Far Eastern Literatures (IFEL 2022)". St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063770.09.

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The poet from the time of Tang dynasty (唐朝) Bai Juyi (白居易, 772–846) left a lasting mark on the history of Chinese literature. His innovation in literature and free spirit, which does not obey external requirements, are evident not only in his poetry, but also in his prosaic texts. Nowadays his prose is relatively less well known than his poetry. The paper presents a research on the reception of his work “A Script for the Thatched Cottage in Mount Lu” 《( 庐山草堂记》) in Bulgaria. It was conducted through surveys among Bulgarian students, who study Chinese, and students from other humanities majors. Conclusions were drawn about the perception of this text and by comparing the respondents’ answers, the importance of background knowledge for the perception of this work was studied. A translation of this text has been presented in Bulgarian for the first time. The article will also include an analysis of A Script for the Thatched Cottage in Mount Lu, both based on students’ answers and through independent interpretation.

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Popova-Dobreva, Diana. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PREVALENCE OF DYSMENORRHEA AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN BULGARIA." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/165.

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ABSTRACT Introduction. In the methodological literature, the prevalence of painful menstruation has not been sufficiently studied, which has aroused our research interest. Methodology. A survey was conducted with 185 Bulgarian women. The average age of the women surveyed is 22 years. The physical activity of women is categorized into three levels: adherence to the recommended 150 to 300 minutes per week of moderate physical activity or 75 to 150 minutes of high intensity, less than the recommended and irregular physical activity. The frequency of painful menstruation has been established. A self-assessment of perception of the effect of menstrual pain on performance is made. Characteristics of women are made by age, BMI and number of births. The regularity, duration and abundance of the monthly blood circulation were studied. Results. Of the surveyed contingent of women, 46% follow the recommended physical activity by the WHO. 21.62% of women report an irregular menstrual cycle. Only 3.78% of women report lack of menstrual pain. 34.05% of the women do not take analgesics during the menstrual cycle. Discussion. The high prevalence of dysmenorrhea necessitates more in-depth study. Conclusions. Our study revealed a high degree of dysmenorrhea among University Students in Bulgaria. The presence of pain during the menstrual cycle is the reason for taking analgesics and has a negative impact on performance.

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Kazakov, Konstantin, Doncho Partov, Dobromir Dinev, and Lazar Georgiev. "40 Years History about Structure, Design and Construction of the First Steel Orthotropic Bridge in Sofia." In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0417.

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<p>The most spectacular and large bridge in Bulgaria and one of the largest in South-East Europe bridge in Sofia was put into operation at the beginning of October 1983. The bridge perform a multi-span, prestressed reinforced concrete construction with a total length of 2114 m, a total width of 21.5 m and an average height above the ground of about 10 m. This important, effective and aesthetic bridge serves as a connection between the busiest input-output highway and the airport of Sofia. It ensures a convenient access to some highways, railways, streets and the airport. As a result of this requirement, the erection of the prestressed reinforced concrete bridge is not allowed to cross the railway between Sofia and Varna. So, a 90 m long middle steel part was designed to cover two spans of 45 m each in the multi-span bridge structure. In transverse direction the orthotropic bridge, consists of two individual parallel triple-box decks parts, which carry the traffic in two opposite directions. Each deck has a 7.5 m wide roadway with two lanes. The bridge is analysed as a frame structure using the finite element method. The design parameters of the bridge are verified by static and dynamic tests. The steel structure is designed as a two-span continuous beam with a box cross-section and an orthotropic deck. The paper deals with the most important aspects which consider the design approach and the construction process of this large, steel orthotropic bridge in Bulgaria.</p>

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Vlaev, Serafim. "PRODUCTION OF POLISACCHARIDES BY BACTERIAL STRAINS FROM BULGARIAN GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS: ENGINEERING PARAMETERS AT ELEVATED SCALE." In 13th SGEM GeoConference NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bf6/s25.021.

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Suslin, Vyacheslav V., Maksim Krul, Violeta Slabakova, Oleg Martynov, Svetlana Pryahina, and Nataliya Golovko. "Seasonal variability of the particulate backscatter spectral slope in the photosynthesis layer of the Black Sea based on measurements of the Bulgarian Bio-Argo float." In 27th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii and Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2601713.

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