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1
Simson, S. A., and C. Cole. "Simulation of traction and curving for passive steering hauling locomotives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 222, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt129.
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In a heavy haul train operations the ruling grades that set the tractive power requirements for train consists are often associated with tight curvatures. Past studies of passive or active bogie steering developments have been mostly directed towards high-speed rail applications or light rail and commuter rail applications and hence studies have focused on two axle bogies. Linked passive steering three axle locomotive bogies such as produced by General Motors Electric Motor Division for the SD70 class locomotive are in widespread use however, there are few publications on traction and curving, and few papers on linked passive steering bogies. This paper presents a simulation study three axle bogie locomotives on various curve radii with traction and variable rail friction conditions. Curving performance is assessed showing body linked radial bogies to have considerable advantages over axle linked bogies that are significantly better than yaw relaxation bogies at improving steering under traction. As traction adhesion approaches the rail friction coefficient steering performance of all bogies without forced steering deteriorates to the same levels as a rigid bogie.
2
Yan, Shi, and Weihua Ma. "A dynamics study of asymmetric forced-steering bogies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717693127.
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In this paper, the design concept of a new type of asymmetric forced-steering bogie has been proposed. This bogie is supposed to produce a better curving performance than the self-steering bogies and is well suited for mounting on locomotives that have limited bottom space. Schemes A and B, the only feasible schemes for vehicles with two bogies, were adopted and compared with the self-steering bogies. SIMPACK,the dynamics simulation software, was used to establish the dynamics models of the locomotives. The lead wheel angle of attack, lead wheel lateral force, lead wheel wear power, and the total vehicle wear power were compared and analyzed when the three different bogies negotiate the curves. The results showed that the performance of the locomotives is closely related to the layout of the front and rear asymmetric forced-steering bogies; in scheme A, where the front and rear bogies are antisymmetrically placed, curve negotiation performance was excellent and notably superior to the self-steering bogies – especially on curves that have small and medium radius. Under the traction condition, the total vehicle wear power in scheme A can be reduced by up to 24.6% compared to the locomotives of the self-steering bogies. An experiment on an S-shaped curve has proved that the angle of attack and total vehicle wear power of all the three schemes retained the symmetrical dynamics performance.
3
Savoskin, AN, AA Akishin, and D. Yurchenko. "Dynamics and optimization of a new double-axle flexible bogie for high-speed trains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 5 (October 25, 2017): 1549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717737879.
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This paper is focused on the discussion of a new double-axle flexible bogie for high-speed trains. The main feature of the flexible bogie is that it consists of two sub-bogies connected with diagonal links. Moreover, an elastic connection between the carriage and both wheelsets is introduced. These features, which help to increase the flexibility of the bogie while passing tracks with a low radius of curvature, are numerically studied in this paper. The results demonstrate the huge potential of the bogie and its ability to travel without significant oscillations at a speed of 432 km/h. Numerical optimization of the bogie’s parameters is performed in order to maximize ride comfort.
4
Liu, Mingyang, Jiabin Wang, Huifen Zhu, Sinisa Krajnovic, and Guangjun Gao. "A numerical study of snow accumulation on the bogies of high-speed trains based on coupling improved delayed detached eddy simulation and discrete phase model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 7 (October 23, 2018): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718805817.
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A numerical simulation method based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation coupled with a discrete phase model is used to study the influence of the snow on the performance of bogies of a high-speed train running in snowy weather. The snow particle trajectories, mass of snow packing on the bogie, and thickness of snow accumulation have been analyzed to investigate the flow mechanisms of snow accumulation on different parts of the bogies. The results show that the snow accumulation on the first bogie of the head vehicle is almost the same as that of the second bogie, but the total accumulated snow on the top side of the second bogie is more than 74% higher than that of the first bogie. Among all the components of the bogies, the motors were found to be strongly influenced by the snow accumulation. The underlying flow mechanisms responsible for the snow accumulations are discussed.
5
Shi, Yan, Junxiong Hu, and Weihua Ma. "Study on the Characteristics of Traction Forces Difference Asymmetric Steering Bogies." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7230326.
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This article comes up with a new concept of applying the difference between traction forces on front and rear wheelsets to guiding control, as well as the design of a new type of structurally simple asymmetrical radial bogies, which lead to the proposition of traction forces difference-steering asymmetric radial bogies. The traction forces difference-steering asymmetric radial bogies are referred to as TFDA-bogies, in which the difference of longitudinal creep forces between front and rear wheels produces radial steering of both wheelsets. The concept of traction difference is incorporated into guiding control and bogie structure is also simplified in the form of asymmetrical radial bogies. Angle sensors are mounted to facilitate the change of electric currents of the front and rear traction motors to control the guiding mechanism so that wheelsets can adopt the radial position. With SIMPACK, the multibody dynamics analysis software, three whole vehicle models of TFDA-bogies, radial bogies, and conventional bogies are set up and comparative analyses are made on the lead wheel angle of attack, lead wheel lateral force, lead wheel friction power, and total vehicle friction power under idle running condition and traction condition, respectively. Results show that TFDA-bogies are radial bogies with simplified structure.
6
Liu, Jia, and Xuesong Jin. "Research on the Vibration Insulation of High-Speed Train Bogies in Mid and High Frequency." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6759105.
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According to a large amount of the test data, the mid and high frequency vibrations of high-speed bogies are very notable, especially in the 565~616 Hz range, which are just the passing frequencies corresponding to the 22nd to 24th polygonal wear of the wheel. In order to investigate the main cause of wheel higher-order polygon formation, a 3D flexible model of a Chinese high-speed train bogie is developed using the explicit finite element method. The results show that the couple vibration of bogie and wheelset may lead to the high-order wears of wheel. In order to reduce the coupled resonance of the wheelset and the bogie frame, the effects of the stiffness and damping of the primary suspensions, wheelset axle radius, and bogie frame strength on the vibration transmissibility are discussed carefully. The numerical results show that the resonance peaks in high frequency range can be reduced by reducing the stiffness of axle box rotary arm joint, reducing the wheelset axle radius or strengthening the bogie frame location. The related results may provide a reference for structure improvement of the existing bogies and structure design of the new high-speed bogies.
7
Sinicyn, Vladimir, and Vladimir Kobishchanov. "BRAKING SYSTEM FOR BOGIE SUCCESSIVE BRAKING OF FREIGHT CARS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-3-21-28.
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Brake leverages with the location of brake cylinders on bogies have a number of advantages as compared with common circuits. Domestic braking systems are presented mainly by design improvements and inventions. In this connection the development of the prototype of such a system for domestic standard bogies corresponding to the requirements and conditions of Russian railways is urgent. At that the application of domestic brake devices in such systems is preferable.
The aim of this work is a choice of the optimum design for a unified leverage for two-axial bogies of type 2 and 3 (RSS 9246-2013) with the location of cylinders 670V on a bogie, and also a development of the circuit for its adjustment while operation.
On the basis of the regulations for a standard computation of a brake there is chosen an optimum circuit of the brake leverage. With the aid of 3D thoroughly developed model of a brake system located directly on a bogie taking into account a design outline of bogie elements, the analysis of bogie units geometry is carried out and all intermediate leverage, separators and brake beams positions are defined which allowed obtaining the sufficiently accurate values of assembly dimensions at different wear stages of a wheel tread and a brake shoe.
There is chosen an optimum brake system for two-axial bogies of type 2 and type 3 (RSS 9246-2013) with the location of cylinders 670V on a bogie. The regulating circuits and a table of assembly dimensions of the brake system during operation for a brake shoe 60±4mm thick are developed. An aggregate stock and screw travel of a brake cylinder regulator during operation without taking into account elastic deformation of a system is chosen. The considered leverage system design is offered as a prototype for the brake system design for freight cars.
8
Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Dmytro Ivanchenko, Sergii Zinchenko, and Václav Píštěk. "STUDY OF LOADING OF THE LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE OF HOPPER WAGONS ON Y25 BOGIES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001686.
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To increase the efficiency of using railway transport, the possibility of using new designs of bogies, for example, Y25 under "wide gauge" wagons was considered. In order to substantiate the proposed solution, mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the hopper wagon Y25 bogies was carried out. A hopper wagon for the transportation of pellets and hot sinter model 20-9749 built by the State Enterprise "Ukrspetsvagon" (Ukraine) was chosen as a prototype. The simulation results showed that the use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 36 %. Other performance indicators are also significantly improved.
The use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons with actual parameters allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 28 %.
The determination of the main indicators of the strength of the bearing structure of the hopper wagon Y25 bogie was carried out. The calculation was carried out in the SolidWorks Simulation software package (CosmosWorks), (France), which implements the finite element method. The calculations showed that the maximum equivalent stresses in the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with nominal parameters are 17 % lower than the stress acting in the load-bearing structure of a wagon on bogies 18–100 V of the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 12 % lower per voltage in the load-bearing structure on bogies 18100.
The conducted research will help to reduce the load on the load-bearing structures of hopper wagons in operation, improve the dynamics and strength indicators, as well as their service life
9
Anishсhenko, O., V. Kukhar, A. Pryisyazhnyi, and I. Takhtamysh. "Analysis of roller designs for sintering and firing machines." Problems of tribology 97, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2020-97-3-32-38.
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The article analyzes the known constructions of roller units of carts for the manufacture of agglomerate and pellets on conveyor lines. The article points out the advantages and disadvantages of roller designs, the lack of standard technical solutions for the design of roller assemblies, as well as reliable methods for calculating their parts for strength and durability. To increase the life of the rollers, the authors, after successful industrial tests, offer innovative technical solutions: seals in the form of stuffing boxes made of expanded graphite fibers reinforced with steel thread; bearing antifriction filler made from polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon fiber and graphite. The article shows that due to axial loads during the operation of the bogies, it is impractical to use ball bearings in the ball, they should be replaced with roller bearings. The authors propose an approximate method for calculating the durability of bearings, which additionally takes into account the elastic deformation of the material of the bogies during their thermal expansion and the gaps in the nodes of the bogies. The authors use the calculation of experimental results on the size of the gaps in the nodes of the bogies, the curvature of the body of the heated bogies on the conveyor line and their movement on three rollers instead of four, take into account the change in the coefficient of linear expansion of the material of the bogie depending on the increase in the heating temperature of the case.
10
Tanaka, T., K. Iida, M. Suzuki, T. Iida, N. Watanabe, and T. Miyamoto. "Evaluation of rotational resistance of bogies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 5 (September 10, 2016): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716668209.
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To prevent derailment such as flange-climbing derailment, precise understanding of the vehicle dynamics is important. In this study, the authors have developed a bogie rotational resistance test machine which has many innovative functions to understand the characteristics of railway bogies. The test machine can measure the rotational resistance of a bogie connected to a carbody. By using this machine, some distinctive characteristics of the rotational resistance have been clarified. As a result, a modified simulation model was constructed based on the test result, and it enabled a more accurate analysis of vehicle dynamics during the curve passage.
11
Luo, R. K., B. L. Gabbitas, and B. V. Brickle. "Fatigue Life Evaluation of a Railway Vehicle Bogie Using an Integrated Dynamic Simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 208, no. 2 (July 1994): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_242_02.
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An integrated design methodology has been developed for the fatigue life evaluation of railway vehicle bogies. In principle, there are five parts in the procedure: specification and measurement of track irregularities; modelling a railway vehicle and description of rail-wheel profiles; obtaining the railway vehicle suspension load histories; dynamic analysis and stress evaluation of the bogie frame; fatigue life evaluation of the bogie. The whole procedure has been applied to a typical London Underground railway vehicle. The theoretical results have been validated against field test data and fatigue calculations have indicated good agreement with operational data from the actual vehicles. It has been shown that a design methodology for railway vehicle bogies based on the track profiles on which they will run and on their own structural characteristics is possible and can be used at an appropriate stage in the design process.
12
Stewart, Ross, Peter Hayes, Stuart Trezise, Michael Houston, Adrian Jackson, and Timothy Cooper. "Rail Bogie Structural Assurance." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1169.
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Two types of cast steel rail bogies have been affected by cracking and defects. The cast steel design was from a period when bogie loads were lower than the endurance limit. However, the bogies as manufactured included a large number of casting defects and 60 years of operations has resulted in many repairs being applied. Thus like all ageing structure, the original basis for safe operations may be invalid. Structural assurance instructions were developed based on the following work. A condition data survey was undertaken to obtain configurations and defects within the fleet. This was used to assist in identifying critical areas, types and shapes of defects. Two bogies were instrumented to obtain operational loads that were compared to modern standards to provide both a spectrum for future operations and loads for Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Assessment (DTA). Finite Element Models (FEM) were developed to provide internal bogie loads and stresses for use in the fatigue and DTA and identify additional critical locations not identified in the condition data survey. DTA were undertaken to determine maximum flaw sizes and to verify the safe period of operation; given the loads, usage and stress data of the previous tasks. Based on the work undertaken, instructions for continued management documenting acceptable flaw criteria, life limits, and ongoing inspections were provided.
13
Opala, Michał. "Study of the derailment safety index Y/Q of the low-floor tram bogies with different types of guidance of independently rotating wheels." Archives of Transport 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1218792.
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Modern tram designs use different conceptions of how to implement the low-floor functionality. The key construction part is the bogie running gear which has to accommodate the lower part of the tram body. To adjust the low-floor level, many low-floor tram bogies have different types of guidance of independently rotating wheels with no central axle between the two wheels. Lack of self-steering mechanism in the form of central axle coupling or an external guiding device creates several inherent problems, such as insufficient guiding and excessive wear. Another important context is the safety against derailment when the vehicle negotiates a curved track. In this study the dynamic behaviour of non-powered bogies with different types of guidance of independently rotating wheels are presented using computer simulation models. The simulation results of the Y/Q index are compared for the two track configurations (curved and tangent sections) and four different kinds of bogie running gear.
14
I.E, Martynov, Trufanova A .V, Petukhov V.M, Ischenco V.M, and Kladko N.S. "Study of the Effect of Adapter Design on the Load Distribution in the Bearing Units of Freight Cars." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19725.
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The possibility of increasing the service life of 18-100 three-piece bogies by using taper bearing units with different types of adapters is considered in the article. The main task is the need to increase the longevity of the running parts of freight cars by reducing their dynamic loading. The solution of this problem is possible by improving the axle boxes. To determine possible design solutions, an analysis was made of modern domestic and foreign designs of bogies using bearing assemblies with adapters and three types of adapters with the highest quality indicators, namely the half-box of the 18-7020 bogie, adapter with elastic packing and adapter of the 18-4129 bogie. Three models of adapters were investigated using the finite-elements method, which, in accordance with reported manufacturer’s data, have high reliability index and can provide equal load distribution between bearing systems rollers. The results of mathematical simulation suggest that the forces applied to the bearing systems rollers largely depend on the adapter design. Furthermore, the studied adapter designs are not acceptable and require further designing.
15
Du, Yanping, Yuan Zhang, Xiaogang Zhao, and Xiaohui Wang. "Risk Evaluation of Bogie System Based on Extension Theory and Entropy Weight Method." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/195752.
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A bogie system is the key equipment of railway vehicles. Rigorous practical evaluation of bogies is still a challenge. Presently, there is overreliance on part-specific experiments in practice. In the present work, a risk evaluation index system of a bogie system has been established based on the inspection data and experts’ evaluation. Then, considering quantitative and qualitative aspects, the risk state of a bogie system has been evaluated using an extension theory and an entropy weight method. Finally, the method has been used to assess the bogie system of four different samples. Results show that this method can assess the risk state of a bogie system exactly.
16
Ren, Z., S. Sun, Q. Li, and Z. Liu. "Experimental studies of load characteristics of bogie frames for 350 km/h EMUs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 226, no. 2 (August 15, 2011): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409711412012.
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In this paper,methods to measure the axle spring load, trailing arm seat lateral force and dynamic stresses of powered and non-powered bogies of a 350 km/h electrical-multi-unit (EMU) are presented. The dynamic amplitude and Hilbert transform of the sample data are used to investigate the characteristics of the forces and the stresses for the EMU running on typical sections including high-speed division, turnout zone, curves, and depot entrance. The load spectrum is then introduced to survey the amplitude level and the number of occurrence of the loads and stresses. Dynamic coefficients of the loads are compared with the recommended values in the Code UIC615-4. The effects of track irregularities and vibrations of gear boxes and motors on the loads and stresses are investigated and the measured loads are classified into six types according to effects of forces on the bogie's movement. The characteristics of the measured loads are useful to establish load conditions for laboratory tests of bogie’s fatigue assessment.
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Fomin, O. V., and A. O. Lovska. "Determination of vertical dynamics for a standard Ukrainian boxcar with Y25 bogies." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 5 (2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-5/067.
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Purpose. To determine the basic dynamic characteristics of a standard Ukrainian boxcar with the Y25 bogie by means of the mathematic modelling of dynamic loads in the vertical plane and to compare them with the dynamic characteristics obtained for a boxcar with the 18100 bogie. It can be used for substantiation of application of the Y25 bogie as more promising, which can improve the operational efficiency of rail transportation and foster integration of the Ukrainian transport system into the European transportation complex. Methodology. The authors used the mathematical modelling of a boxcar with the Y25 bogie. The research was made in the vertical plane. It was taken into account that an empty car passed over a joint irregularity. The research was made for an 11217boxcar as a predominant type to be used. The authors studied the motion of a car on the 18100 and Y25 bogies. The basic dynamic characteristics were determined for a boxcar with the nominal (design) dimensions of the carrying elements and a boxcar with the actual dimensions (after a long service life) on the basis of the field tests. The differential equations were solved by theRungeKutta method in MathCad software suite. The initial displacements and the speeds were taken equal to zero. The following dynamic characteristics of a boxcar were obtained: acceleration of the body in the center of mass, acceleration of the body in the areas of support on the bogies, forces in the spring suspension of the bogie, and dynamic coefficients of the bogies. Findings. The theoretical research showed that the basic dynamic characteristics of a boxcar with the nominal dimensions were improved by 3851% in comparison to a similar one with the 18100 bogie, and for a boxcar with the actual dimensions the dynamic characteristics were improved by 4350%. Originality. The authors substantiated the application of the Y25 bogie for a standard Ukrainian boxcar with the nominal and actual dimensions of the carrying elements by means of the mathematical modelling of the dynamic loads in the vertical plane. Practical value. Due to lower dynamic loads on the carrying structures of freight cars with the Y25 bogie, it is possible to improve the dynamic characteristics of the structures under the operational modes, to increase the fatigue strength and the operational resource, to decrease the total repair and maintenance costs, to ensure better security and reliability of freight transportation through lower loads on both carrying structures and lashing devices, to increase the speed of freight delivery thanks to better dynamic characteristics of cars, to improve the traffic security, and so on.
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Ryazantsev, Anatoly, Alexander Zazulya, Evgeny Evseev, Oleg Antipov, and Alexey Antipov. "IMPROVING THE SUPPORTING PROPERTIES OF THE KUBAN-LK1 MULTI-SUPPORT MACHINE." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2022-6-35-41.
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Considered Issues of increasing the reliability of the movement of the sprinkling machine (SM) on the example of "Kuban-LK1" were considered. Significant rutting leading to loss of patency due to increased rain intensity at the end of the SM (last bogies and cantilever) was noted, which ultimately leads to a decrease in machine performance. To eliminate this drawback, pneumatic tires with a profile width of 21.3 - 24 are installed on the outermost SM bogie, the rain intensity of which is 1.0 mm / min, and the length is 350 - 400 m, instead of serial tires 18.4 - 24. To eliminate this shortcoming, pneumatic tires with a profile width of 21.3 - 24 are installed on the extreme SM trolley, the rain intensity of which is 1.0 mm / min, and the length is 350 - 400 m, instead of serial tires 18.4 - 24. Modifications of SM with a length of 500 meters or more characterize increased intensity (ρ = 1.0-1.2 mm/min), and, accordingly, an increased value of surface water runoff, while the bearing capacity of the soil in the area of the last spans is up to 70 kPa. This determines the need to install wide-profile pneumatic tires with a profile width of 21.3 - 24 not on one, but on several last bogies. However, based on the high cost and weight indicators of pneumatic tires 21.3 - 24, according to theoretical and experimental studies, the authors recommend equipping the last SM bogies with pneumatic tires of a conventional profile 18.3 - 24 with a rigid flare, the radius of which is determined by reducing the wheel radius by an amount equal to the average depth of immersion of tires of a conventional profile, at the end of the irrigation season. The conducted experimental studies have shown that the installation of an expander on the pneumatic tires of the last bogies provided the indicators of the reference rutting ability, equivalent to those of the intermediate bogies.
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Derbiszewski, Bogdan, Andrzej Obraniak, Marek Wozniak, Adam Rylski, Krzysztof Siczek, and Przemyslaw Kubiak. "Friction Issues over the Railway Wheels-Axis Assembly Motion." Lubricants 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10020026.
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The frictional issues during motion of the axis-wheels assembly occurring in contact wheel–rail and in bogie bearing were studied. The influence of greases upon friction therein was also considered. The lateral dynamic behavior of the four-axle freight wagon model with two-axle Y25 bogies equipped with swing bolster was analyzed. Simulation models of such a wagon with bogies with and without swing bolsters were elaborated for calculations considering the nonlinearities of wheel–rail contact geometry and nonlinear methods of bogie stability. In these two options, the cases of empty and fully loaded wagon bodies were considered. The lateral dynamic models with 22 and 24 degrees of freedom were considered to determine the nonlinear critical speeds of a freight wagon. It was found that the resistive torque in bearings of the assembly studied varied nonlinearly with wagon speed. During motion along the curve track, values of such a torque can be higher by 50% in case of the wheel under overloading and lower by 50% in case of the wheel under underloading, respectively, compared to those obtained during motion along straight track.
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Shiau, Jiun-Yan, and Sze-Tsung Wang. "Bogie Stability Control and Management Using Data Driven Analysis Techniques for High-Speed Trains." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052389.
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The bogie is a critical component of a train set. Any failure in the bogies’ structure/mechanism transmission will result in a derailment in the revenue operation. In order to prevent derailment due to bogie failures, the Bogie Instability Detection System (BIDS) is installed on high-speed trains, which provides alarms when abnormality is detected so that appropriate action can be taken. Taking the Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) as an example, there have been ongoing reports of BIDS alarms since its launch. In almost every case, intermittent warnings are generated when wheel/rail interface faults occur, but no hard fault is found in the bogie’s structure or mechanism. While these reports do not constitute hard faults, corresponding operation actions and inspections are necessary nonetheless. As a result, delays and additional maintenance costs are incurred. In order to save maintenance costs and reduce delays, a decision tree algorithmic approach is proposed to study the potential factors of wheel/rail interface concerns, discover relationships between potential factors, and set up rules for BIDS alarms. In this case study, we found that temperature is the main factor for BIDS alarms; train speed, accumulated mileage, and location are subordinate factors. The proposed decision tree approach can lead to some improvements in preventive maintenance. It also suggests embedding such an intelligent algorithm into BIDS control units for drivers to avoid BIDS alarms.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Kseniia Ivanchenko, and Ievgen Medvediev. "Justifying the prolongation of the service life of the bearing structure of a tank car when using Y25 bogies." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7 (111) (June 30, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.231622.
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This paper substantiates the use of Y25 bogies under tank cars in order to prolong their service life. The reported study has been carried out for a tank car with rated parameters, as well as the actual ones, registered during full-scale research. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the basic indicators of the tank car dynamics. The differential equations of motion were solved by a Runge-Kutta method using the Mathcad software package (USA). It was established that the use of Y25 bogies under a tank car with rated parameters could reduce the acceleration of its bearing structure by almost 39 % compared to the use of standard 18‒100 bogies. Applying the Y25 bogies under a tank car with the actual parameters reduces the acceleration of its load-bearing structure by almost 50 % compared to the use of standard 18‒100 bogies. The derived acceleration values were taken into consideration when calculating the bearing structure of a tank car for strength. The calculation was performed using the SolidWorks Simulation software package (France). The resulting stress values are 18 % lower than the stresses acting on the load-bearing structure of a tank car equipped with 18‒100 bogies. For the load-bearing structure of a tank car with the actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 16 % lower than the stresses when the 18‒100 bogies are used. The design service life of the load-bearing structure of a tank car was estimated taking into consideration the use of Y25 bogies. The calculations showed that the design service life of the bearing structure of a tank car equipped with Y25 bogies is more than twice as high as that obtained for 18‒100 bogies. The study reported here would contribute to compiling recommendations for prolonging the service life of the load-bearing structures of tank cars
22
Freitag, C., and S. Karch. "New Bogie for German ICE (InterCity Express) Based on BT41." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 208, no. 1 (January 1994): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_229_02.
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Since 1979, the SIG Swiss Industrial Company (SIG) has been developing a modular construction system for bogies. Recently its range has been expanded by the addition of two new bogie modules that will run on high-speed lines. One is for the bogie that British Rail InterCity 225 trains have been equipped with since 1989, which is designed to run on conventional railway track at speeds of up to 225 km/h. As a further development of this model there is now a second module for a high-speed bogie which runs at 300 km/h on new purpose-built track. This paper provides an account of the development, construction and testing of these two types of bogie.
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Liu, Wen, Dilong Guo, Zijian Zhang, Dawei Chen, and Guowei Yang. "Effects of Bogies on the Wake Flow of a High-Speed Train." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040759.
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The wake region of high-speed trains is an area of complex turbulent flow characterized by the periodic generation and shedding of vortices, which causes discomfort to passengers and affects the stability and safety of the train. In this study, the unsteady characteristics of the wake flows of three 1:1 scale China Railway High-Speed 380A (CRH380A) high-speed train models with different degrees of simplification were numerically investigated using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method. Analyses of the aerodynamic forces, train-induced slipstream, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were conducted to determine the effects of the bogies on the wake flow of the high-speed train. It was found that the existence of bogies on the bottom of the train, especially the last bogie, not only enhanced the wake flow but also introduced large perturbances into the wake flow. Moreover, the generation and evolution of the vortices in the wake flows were determined by analyzing the instantaneous flow fields and coherent flow structures that were obtained by the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method. The results showed that a pair of large, counter-rotating streamwise vortices in the real model of the high-speed train was generated by the cowcatcher and their intensity was significantly enhanced by perturbances that were introduced by the bogies on the bottom of the train.
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Ralev, Vanio, and Dobrinka Atmadžova. "Failure analysis in passenger bogies from the Railway system of the Republic of Bulgaria." IMK-14 - Istrazivanje i razvoj 27, no. 4 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imk2103089r.
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This paper is based on a review of a study of damage to passenger bogies on railway vehicles. The results of the research of the reliability of the passenger bogies from the park of the Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ) are analyzed. The constructions of passenger bogies type swing in the operation of the Republic of Bulgaria are presented - YT72, Görlitz V and GP200. The most common faults of the passenger bogies are indicated. The general failures, the probable causes of failures and the ways to minimize them have been successfully identified.
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Li, Hengli, Fu Li, and Yunhua Huang. "Research on wheel hollow wear and dynamic performance of freight radial bogies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 9 (April 6, 2016): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716642486.
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The wheel wear properties of heavy haul bogies running on the Da-Qin railway line were measured. The hollow and asymmetric wear are indicated. The wheel/rail contact geometry relationship was calculated on the basis of the measured wheel profiles. The dynamic simulation model using SIMPACK software for C80BF Gondola with ZK7 radial bogie and C80B gondola with ZK6 cross brace bogie was established. The hollow depth effect on wheelset attack angle and lateral force was quantified. According to the actual conditions of Da-Qin railway line, the hollow wear was predicted using a numerical method. Based on these results, the hollow wear maintenance standard was recommended. Finally, a field test for asymmetric hollow wear was described.
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Shvets, A. O. "INFLUENCE OF LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF BOGIES ON THE FREIGHT CAR DYNAMICS." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 6(90) (April 8, 2021): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2020/223519.
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Purpose. The work is aimed at determining the influence of the lateral displacement of a freight car bogie, taking into account the value of the movement speed on its main dynamic indicators and interaction indicators of the rolling stock and the track. Methodology. The quantitative assessment of dynamic indicators was obtained by the method of mathematical and computer modeling. The design scheme of the car takes into account the interaction peculiarities of cars as part of the train: the possibility of all modes of body vibration in space, the transmission of longitudinal force from neighboring cars in vertical and horizontal directions, taking into account the technical condition of individual parts of the car and their design features, as well as various operating conditions. Findings. During the research, a mathematical model of a coupling of five freight cars was applied to study the dynamic loading of a gondola car and a track. Main dynamic and interaction indicators of the rolling stock and the track in case of transverse bogie displacement when moving along curved track sections assessment were assessed. The maximum possible values of the lateral displacement of the freight car bogie were substantiated. Originality. The mathematical model of the coupling of freight cars in the train has been improved. In the calculation schemes describing the vibrations of the cars, the peculiarities of the freight car bogies, lozenging of the bogie side frames are taken into account. The model makes it possible to study the effect of changing rotation angle of the central axis of the car body, which in turn leads to the lateral displacement of bogies relative to each other, on the main dynamic and interaction indicators of the rolling stock and the track. For the first time, the influence of transverse displacement of the bogie was investigated, taking into account the wear of its parts and assemblies when moving on track sections with unevenness. Practical value. The calculation results can be used to assess the influence of the bogie transverse displacement on the dynamic qualities of the rolling stock and interaction indicators of the rolling stock and the track, taking into account the wear of parts and units of the bogie when moving in straight and curved track sections with irregularities. The application of the results obtained will contribute to an increase in the stability of freight rolling stock in the conditions of increasing travel speeds, which in turn will allow developing technical conditions for the implementation of resource-saving technologies for transporting goods that meet the safety requirements of train traffic.
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Gao, Feng, Dong Liang Liu, and Yan Chuang Ding. "Virtual Fatigue Experiment Analysis of Welded Bogie Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.560.
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Fatigue failure easily occurs in the weld seam of bogie frame, fatigue life prediction is very important. Based on the UIC615-4 (Motive power units- Bogies and running gear-Bogie frame structure strength tests ) and IIW standard (Recommendations for fatigue design standard of welded joints and components-IIW document XIII-1965-03/ XV-1127-03), fatigue test process of bogie frame is simulated by means of finite element method. Using Miner cumulative damage theory, on the basis of IIW welded joints S-N data, fatigue life of the welded frame is predicted, and the virtual fatigue test of welded frame is completed. During the phase of product design, virtual fatigue test technology can be used to evaluate the fatigue strength, which can find the weak part and improve product design quality.
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Romen, Yu S. "Motion stability of railway cars on bogies 18-100." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 78, no. 3 (July 28, 2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2019-78-3-149-154.
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Stability of the rolling stock in a rail track is determined by the nature of the motion of the wheelsets under the influence of processes in the “wheel — rail” system and connections with the bogie and the carriage body. Factors affecting the motion of wheelsets are the irregularities of rail threads and the interaction forces in the “wheel — rail” system, which cause fluctuations in carriage hunting oscillation even in the absence of external disturbances. Parametric excitation of oscillations in the “carriage — track” system is caused by the difference in the radii of the rolling surfaces of the bevel gears with the transverse displacement of the wheelset in the track. This excitation is damped by the forces of resistance to rotation and displacement on the contact surface, the magnitude of which is inversely proportional to the rolling speed of the wheel. Therefore, with an increase in the speed of motion, the magnitude of resistance forces decreases and the intensity of processes determining hunting oscillations in the “wheel — rail” system increases. The excitatory factors on each of the wheelset of the bogie are of random nature and are not interconnected, therefore their vibrations are limited to the designs of the bogie and its connections with car body, which combine all the elements into a single system. Increasing the connectivity of the wheelsets and sidewalls of the bogie among themselves and with the carriage is the most appropriate solution for reducing hunting intensity. To do this, three-element bogies should reduce wear in the spring suspension, prohibiting the raising of the wedge above the plane of the supports of the bolster. To reduce the rotation of the bogie when hunting, bolster should be equipped with elastic contact bearings.
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Zagorsky, D. I., and M. G. Myadelets. "Comparative assessment of dynamic loading long-base flat wagons." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2020-4-525-533.
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Objective: Comparative analysis of dynamic loading of long-base fl atcars on bogies of various types. Methods: Comparison of experimental data of running strength tests of long-base fl atcars obtained by the Engineering Center of the rolling stock in the conditions of a test site on the Belorechensk–Maikop track of the North Caucasian Railway was carried out. The division of platform cars into conditional groups was used depending on the truck. Results: It was found that the use of constant contact side bearers in the bogie design reduces the dynamic loading of the fl atcar on straight track sections by 1,2–1,5 times. The obtained dependences of the coeffi cients of vertical dynamics for the center and side sill showed that for all fl at cars they are identical in nature and differ only in the level of values. The use of modern bogies with nonlinear spring suspension and constant contact side bearers in long-base fl atcars leads to a decrease in the dynamic loading of the frame by an average of 15–25 %, thereby reducing the likelihood of possible damage to the fl atcar in operation. Practical importance: It is shown that it is necessary to clarify the normative dependence of the speed distribution of the vertical dynamics coeffi cients for fl atcars on various types of bogies. Its correction will improve the accuracy of determining the parameters of the stress-strain state of the platform car frame. The comparison results can be recommended for practical use in assessing the strength and fatigue resistance of the fl at car structure
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Dürr-Krouzilek, Ralf. "Blasting and Painting Bogies." IST International Surface Technology 11, no. 2 (July 2018): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35724-018-0037-3.
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Mosayebi, Seyed-Ali, Jabbar Ali Zakeri, and Morteza Esmaeili. "Effects of train bogie patterns on the mechanical performance of ballasted railway tracks with unsupported sleepers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (September 16, 2016): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716664932.
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The support condition of railway sleepers has a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of railway tracks due to the passing of different trains. One of the important issues in this regard relates to existing unsupported sleepers on the railway tracks. These sleepers cause changes in the dynamic responses of railway tracks under a moving train. In the literature, the effects of train bogie patterns on the behavior of tracks with and without unsupported sleepers have not been completely investigated till now. Therefore, the present study investigates this issue using numerical analyses. In this regard, first, a finite element model of a railway track is utilized, and the results are verified and validated against those of previous studies. Then, equations of three vehicle models are derived and their interactions with the track model are investigated. These models include vehicles without bogies and vehicles with two- and three-axle bogies. During the numerical analyses, the effects of the unsupported sleepers on the dynamic performance of the track are studied. Finally, based on the achieved numerical results, many regression equations are derived between the train axle loads with rail bending moments, sleeper displacements, and support forces for tracks.
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Shi, Yan, Miao Li, Weihua Ma, and Kang Chen. "Dynamic of Friction Coupling Independently Rotating Wheels for High Speed." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7456598.
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A new lateral coupling structure with independently rotating wheels (IRW) is proposed, and longitudinal creepage is obtained by replacing the gear pair with the friction pair to synchronize the rotation speed of left and right wheels. The auxiliary wheelset made up of two friction wheels can be placed either under the primary suspension or on the frame. Vehicles dynamics models with three different kinds of bogies are developed, including friction coupling bogie with independently rotating wheels (FCIRW-bogie), bogie with independently rotating wheels (IRW-bogie), and bogie with rigid wheelsets, and their guiding and resetting capability when negotiating large-radius curves are compared and analyzed. Results show that FCIRW has the advantages of both IRW and rigid wheelset. On the straight track, FCIRW has sufficient wheel-rail longitudinal creep force to assist the reset; its critical speed is much higher than that of the rigid wheelset. On the curved track, the whole vehicle wear power of FCIRW-bogie vehicle is about 2/3 of the rigid axle level.
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Kou, Linlin, Yong Qin, Xunjun Zhao, and Yong Fu. "Integrating synthetic minority oversampling and gradient boosting decision tree for bogie fault diagnosis in rail vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718795089.
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Bogies are critical components of a rail vehicle, which are important for the safe operation of rail transit. In this study, the authors analyzed the real vibration data of the bogies of a railway vehicle obtained from a Chinese subway company under four different operating conditions. The authors selected 15 feature indexes – that ranged from time-domain, energy, and entropy – as well as their correlations. The adaptive synthetic sampling approach–gradient boosting decision tree (ADASYN–GBDT) method is proposed for the bogie fault diagnosis. A comparison between ADASYN–GBDT and the three commonly used classifiers (K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and Gaussian naïve Bayes), combined with random forest as the feature selection, was done under different test data sizes. A confusion matrix was used to evaluate those classifiers. In K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and Gaussian naïve Bayes, the optimal features should be selected first, while the proposed method of this study does not need to select the optimal features. K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and Gaussian naïve Bayes produced inaccurate results in multi-class identification. It can be seen that the lowest false detection rates of the proposed ADASYN–GBDT model are 92.95% and 87.81% when proportion of the test dataset is 0.4 and 0.9, respectively. In addition, the ADASYN–GBDT model has the ability to correctly identify a fault, which makes it more practical and suitable for use in railway operations. The entire process (training and testing) was finished in 2.4231 s and the detection procedure took 0.0027 s on average. The results show that the proposed ADASYN–GBDT method satisfied the requirements of real-time performance and accuracy for online fault detection. It might therefore aid in the fault detection of bogies.
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Wu, Xiangyang, Zhiyi Zhang, Weichuang Qi, Renyong Tian, Shiming Huang, and Chunyuan Shi. "Corrosion Behavior of SMA490BW Steel and Welded Joints for High-Speed Trains in Atmospheric Environments." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12183043.
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Currently, high-speed trains work under various atmospheric environments, and the bogie as a key component suffers serious corrosion. To investigate the corrosion behavior of bogies in industrial atmospheric environments, the periodic immersion wet/dry cyclic corrosion test for SMA490BW steel and automatic metal active gas (MAG) welded joints used for bogies was conducted in the present work. Corrosion weight loss rate, structure, and composition of rust layers as well as electrochemistry parameters were investigated. The results showed that the corrosion weight loss rate decreased with increasing corrosion time; furthermore, the corrosion weight loss rate of the welded joints was lower than that of SMA490BW steel. The XRD results showed that the rust layers formed on SMA490BW steel and its welded joints were mainly composed of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. The observation of surface morphology indicated that the rust layers of the welded joints were much denser and had a much finer microstructure compared with those of SMA490BW steel. After corrosion for 150 h, the corrosion potential of the welded joints with rust layers was higher than that of SMA490BW steel. In short, the welded joints exhibited better corrosion resistance than SMA490BW steel because of the higher content of alloy elements, as shown in this work.
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Kim, Jaehoon. "A Study on the Analytic Power Estimation of the Electromagnetic Resonant Energy Harvester for the High-Speed Train." Electronics 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030403.
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This study is intended to identify the applicability of energy harvesting technologies that are regarded as new electrical power sources for the sensors on high-speed trains. The analytic estimation research is conducted on the amount of electric energy harvested from the high-speed trains, operating at a maximum speed of over 400km/h to verify the applicability of the energy harvesting technology converting the vibration energy of axle and bogie into electric power. Based on the data of the vibration acceleration on the axles and bogies, which were measured by using a 500 Hz analog filter, an analytic estimation on the amount of power harvested by an electromagnetic resonant harvester is conducted through the analysis of the main frequency. The power of the electromagnetic resonant harvester is based on a theoretical model of the mass-spring-damper system, and the harvested power from the axles and bogies in the vertical direction is analytically estimated in this study. The analytic calculations typically give the target value for the final performance of the electromagnetic resonant energy harvester. The targets of the analytic estimations are given to provide the basis for the detailed design and to give a basis for defining the basic design parameters of the electromagnetic resonant energy harvester.
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He, Xuhui, Kehui Yu, Chenzhi Cai, and Yunfeng Zou. "Dynamic Responses of the Metro Train’s Bogie Frames: Field Tests and Data Analysis." Shock and Vibration 2020 (January 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1484285.
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This paper focuses on the dynamic characteristics of the metro train’s bogie frames based on the field test data. The acceleration signals of both motor bogie frame and trailer bogie frame of a standard B-type metro train were measured. Running tests on the Metro line 21 of Guangzhou (China) were carried out. The acquired acceleration signals of bogie frames were analyzed through several methods to identify the dynamic characteristics of the motor and trailer bogies in the time-frequency domain. The spectral analysis and time-frequency representations show that noise components exist in the high-frequency domain of the original signal, especially for the acceleration signal of the motor bogie frame. Then, the soft thresholding process and discrete wavelet transform decomposition process are conducted to obtain a denoised version of the original signals in the time-frequency domain. The vibration frequency domain and energy distribution of bogie frames under different train speeds are analyzed. The track irregularity wavelength of the metro line is calculated and analyzed based on the measured bogie frames’ acceleration signals. The dynamic characteristics of the metro train’s bogie frames in this paper can be adopted as a reference in the track diagnosis of the elevated metro line.
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Saidova, A. V., V. I. Fedorova, Yu B. Zhitkov, I. V. Fedorov, and A. N. Grishaev. "Assessment of the wear of wheels of freight cars under the existing standards for releasing three-piece bogies with an axle load of 23,5 tf from repair." PROCEEDINGS OF PETERSBURG TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-1-52-61.
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Objective: To assess the effect of the dimensions and tolerances of three-piece bogies of freight cars with a maximum static axle load of 23,5 tf when they are released from scheduled repair on the wheel flange wear in operation. Methods: For this purpose, drawing on a review and analysis of the literature in the field of wheel-rail system wear and the current requirements of guidelines for the repair of freight cars and their parts, design cases were formed to simulate a railway crew movement along a track of various designs with operating speeds, and the processes of wheel flange wear were studied using simulation computer modeling in the environment of the “Universal Mechanism” software package. Results: The parameters of freight car bogies which have the greatest impact on wheel wear have been determined. The quantitative values of the indicators of wheel wear for various cases of crew movement have been determined. The ways of reducing the wear of car wheels in operation by changing the dimensions and tolerances of bogies when they are released from scheduled types of repair are shown. Practical importance: The obtained results of the work commissioned by JSC “First Freight Company”are currently used to formulate requirements for the dimensions and tolerances of bogies when they are released from repair in order to establish the optimal parameters that would help to reduce the wheel flange wear in operation. In addition, they can be used in the developing new designs of freight car bogies.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Václav Píštěk, and Pavel Kučera. "Determination of the Vertical Load on the Carrying Structure of a Flat Wagon with the 18–100 and Y25 Bogies." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094130.
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The study deals with determination of the vertical load on the carrying structure of a flat wagon on the 18–100 and Y25 bogies using mathematic modelling. The study was made for an empty wagon passing over a joint irregularity. The authors calculated the carrying structure of a flat wagon with the designed parameters and the actual features recorded during field tests. The mathematical model was solved in MathCad software. The study found that application of the Y25 bogie for a flat wagon with the designed parameters can decrease the dynamic load by 41.1% in comparison to that with the 18–100 bogie. Therefore, application of the Y25 bogie under a flat wagon with the actual parameters allows decreasing the dynamic loading by 41.4% in comparison to that with the 18–100 bogie. The study also looks at the service life of the supporting structure of a flat wagon with the Y25 bogie, which can be more than twice as long as the 18–100 bogie. The research can be of interest for specialists concerned with improvements in the dynamic characteristics and the fatigue strength of freight cars, safe rail operation, freight security, and the results of the research can be used for development of innovative wagon structures.
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TOKUDA, Noriaki, Isao OKAMOTO, Toyoshi FUJITA, Eisaku SATO, Hideo NAKAMURA, Tomohiro TOYOOKA, Makoto ISHIGE, and Nobuyuki WATANABE. "Development of Gauge Change Bogies." Quarterly Report of RTRI 44, no. 3 (2003): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.44.109.
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Handoko, Y., and M. Dhanasekar. "Wheelset skid in railway bogies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 221, no. 2 (March 2007): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409jrrt68.
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Rollin, D. "Bogies, Suspensions and Ride Quality." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 208, no. 2 (July 1994): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_243_02.
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This paper discusses the commercial importance of ride quality to the InterCity traveller and describes current technical developments and their application. Options of improving ride quality of existing vehicles are outlined together with the developments in active suspensions which will be needed by the next generation of high-speed vehicles for operation on existing tracks. The author concludes by considering the likely impact on bogie and suspension specific specifications as a result of the separation of technical and commercial responsibility for track and trains currently underway in a number of European countries. For the business engineer, ride quality is a commercial requirement which must be translated into a performance specification. This immediately raises the question, ‘How can ride quality be defined so that engineering parameters reflect the perceptions and aspirations of the customer?’
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&NA;. "Birdies, Bogies, and Back Pain." Back Letter 11, no. 7 (July 1996): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-199607000-00005.
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Jiang, Yongzhi, Wensheng Zhong, Pingbo Wu, Jing Zeng, Yunchang Zhang, and Shuai Wang. "Prediction of wheel wear of different types of articulated monorail based on co-simulation of MATLAB and UM software." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 6 (June 2019): 168781401985684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019856841.
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Analysis of the Chongqing monorail shows that there is no relationship between wheel wear and radial force, which means the radial force cannot be used to evaluate the wheel wear of monorail. Due to the same physical significance of the Schallamach tire wear model for automobiles, the wear index of railway wheels, which represents the creep power of unit wheel–rail contact area, is proved to be effective in evaluating the wheel wear of railway vehicles, automobiles, and vehicles with both properties, namely, monorail. Parameters of Chongqing monorail, modified through genetic algorithm, are used to build the model of the articulated monorail. Through co-simulation of the MATLAB and UM software, the wheel wears of two types of articulated monorail are calculated. For both types of monorails, correlation analysis shows that the variation of driving wheel and guide wheel wear of the inner bogies with the track curvature radius are roughly the same. The variation of the wheel wears in the two end bogies is a little different from that of the inner bogies. Comparison indicates that the wheels of the bolster type monorail wear more than that of the non-bolster type. Regardless of the monorail type, the wheels in the inner bogies wear more.
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Wang, Jiabin, Yan Zhang, Jie Zhang, Xifeng Liang, Sinisa Krajnović, and Guangjun Gao. "A numerical investigation on the improvement of anti-snow performance of the bogies of a high-speed train." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 10 (December 19, 2019): 1319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719893494.
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In this paper, numerical simulations combining unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation and the discrete phase model are used to study the application of countermeasure for snow accumulation in the regions of bogie cavities of a high-speed train. The influence of the cowcatcher heights and guide structure configurations on the flow features and snow accumulation was studied. The results of the study show that the cowcatcher with a downward elongation of 4% of the distance between the two axles decreases the snow accumulation in the first and the second bogie regions by about 56.6% and 13.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the guide structures have been found to significantly alter the velocity and pressure distribution in the second bogie region, resulting in a relatively large snow-accumulation reduction. The deflector is found to perform better in reducing snow accumulation when compared to the diversion slots. The cowcatcher, elongated in the downward direction, and the deflector proved to be a good countermeasure for snow accumulation around the bogies of high-speed trains operating in snowy weather conditions.
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Černý, Ivo. "Evaluation of Interlaminar Shear Strength of Longitudinal GRP Railway Bogie Frames Considering Microstructure Aspects." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.521.
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The paper contains results of a comprehensive research and development programme aimed at an evaluation of static strength of a GRP railway bogie of a new advanced design. The works were carried out as one of the essential phases of the implementation of a EUREKA project EUROBOGIE, which is aimed at development of advanced vehicle bogies and has a great potential to lead to more efficient movement of freight and passengers with lower environmental impact. The GRP bogie design consists of three main load carrying parts, namely two quite massive longitudinal side frames connected by a central transom plate which are manufactured in a single moulding operation using the resin transfer moulding (RTM) method. Since the component is unusually thick, all parameters of the RTM method have to be well balanced. One of the critical issues in the design and manufacture is the connection area of the transom with the side frames. Therefore, testing of this subcomponent was an important part of the bogie development. Results of the experimental programme provided necessary feedback for the optimization of the manufacture technology.
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Jackiewicz, J. "Modeling the longitudinal dynamics of electric multiple units with Xcos/Scilab software." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012066.
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Abstract During the traction and braking of trains, substantial longitudinal dynamic forces might occur in couplers. The method of modeling these forces for two different electric multiple units (EMUs) is presented in this study. For the EMUs consisted of independent vehicles, each of which rests on two bogies, computer simulations were carried out. Simulations were also executed for EMUs with Jacobs bogies, which support bodies of two adjacent carriages. The dynamic modeling of vibration protection train systems includes nonlinearities.
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Kozeev, Evgeniy Viktorovich, Oleg Sergeevich Samoshkin, Evgeniy Nikolaevich Popov, and Valeriy Evgenyevich Volkov. "Development of tests of increased reliability sensors for inspection system of axle box heating." Transport of the Urals, no. 3 (2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2021-3-39-45.
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All the domestic passenger cars since 1960 are produced only on bogies with roller bearings. A transition to roller bearings demanded the cars to be equipped with inspection system of axle box heating. It is necessary because axle box be heated over a specified temperature that leads to deterioration of the oil lubricity. The main element of the inspection system of axle box heating is a thermal sensor that is installed on each axle box. Nowadays, bolster bogies of all models are equipped with type 393 thermal sensors. At introduction of new bolsterless bogies the installation of the type 393 thermal sensors on the axle boxes was carried out with the use of special brass adapter. The observations in operation showed insufficient reliability of the inspection system of axle box heating in bolsterless bogies. Consequently, the authors have carried out research on new increased reliability thermal sensors. The pilot batch has passed preliminary and acceptance rig tests. On the results of the rig tests it has been decided to carry out an under-control operation on mainline passenger cars. The under-control operation with new sensors has been carried out on the basis of the Novosibirsk passenger wagon depot. On the basis of its results the authors have established the required temperature of the inspection system of axle box heating actuation.
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MISHIN, A. A. "POSSIBILITIES OF EFFECTIVE USAGE OF COUPLING WEIGHT IN THE MOTOR GRADER WITH BOGIES WITH BALANCERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF «BRYANSKY ARSENAL» PRODUCTS." World of transport and technological machines 78, no. 3-1 (2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-1(78)-3-25-35.
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The work of motor grader at traction mode by the action of simmetrical external longitudal load on the blade is consided. Using the desing scheme, evaluations of the irregularity of vertical reac-tions on the weels were obtained for the case of maximum traction and for the case of bracking on a roads with hard cover for motor graders with different design of bogies with balancers. The effect of using bogies with fully equilibrated balancers for some models of motor graders is evaluated.
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Kalivoda, Jan. "Simulation of Active Wheelset Steering for an Electric Locomotive." MATEC Web of Conferences 357 (2022): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235703004.
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Reduction of the force interaction between vehicle and track is strongly desirable for many reasons. Because conventional methods of reduction of wheel-rail contact forces, based on tuning of vehicle suspension parameters or utilising various mechanisms acting between wheelsets, bogie-frames and car-body, reach their limits, active controlled systems are becoming a promising solution of the problem. The paper is created within the project which aim is to design a system of active wheelset steering for an electric four-axle locomotive. The project consists of three main stages: multibody simulations, scaled roller rig experiments and field tests. One of the important elements of wheelset steering system is the estimation of the actual track curvature. The paper focuses on the track curvature calculation based on the rotation of the bogies towards the bogie-frame. The method of track curvature calculation is proposed and assessed across varying track radiuses, vehicle speeds and friction conditions.
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Krason, W., and T. Niezgoda. "FE numerical tests of railway wagon for intermodal transport according to PN-EU standards." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0093.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A special wagon, presented in the paper, can be used for intermodal transport of various types of vehicles. It enables transport of vehicles of 36 tons mass and height of 4m on the GB1 clearance height. An innovative wagon is equipped with a frame-support with marginal parts mounted on standard biaxial bogies and the central part lowered with a rotatable loading platform. The rotating part of wagon acts as a kind of platform, allowing truck to move through it during load/unload. During railway operation, this rotating platform is to become an integrated part of the wagon; the tailboards of the rotating part will be connected to the over-bogie part with the special locks. A unique concept of the wagon structure forced a design approach which was rather unusual for the rail industry. Since the design team aimed at very challenging demands of GB1 envelope and usage of standard bogies, the layout of the wagon had to be thoroughly examined in terms of its overall stiffness. Every major design change had to be simulated in order to accurately predict its influence on the whole wagon structure. FE analysis was used for numerical tests of such a wagon structure in different configurations. The calculations were carried out on the basis of PN-EN standards. Selected results of numerical tests of the prototype version of a such wagon for intermodal transports were presented in the paper.