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1
Grosso, Frederico Reis Mendes Vieira. "Plataforma de desmontagem e ensaio de bogies." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/3611.
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Dissertação apresentada na faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de Mestre em
Engenharia MecânicaNo interesse de uma contínua melhoria de processos e equipamentos, a empresa Fertagus, Travessia do Tejo, Transportes, S.A., procura uma solução que facilite e melhore as operações de revisão para o período de manutenção dos 1.200.000 quilómetros dos bogies dos seus comboios. Um total de 144 bogies, durante um período de 2 anos, terá que ser desmontado por completo, todos os componentes revistos, novamente montados e posteriormente ensaiados para verificar se existem empenos no chassis ou assimetrias na resposta à aplicação da força. Actualmente, a desmontagem é realizada por um método manual de compressão das molas da suspensão, o qual se revela ineficaz para a cadência de operações exigida, e a empresa não possui nenhum sistema que permita efectuar o teste pós-montagem. Sendo assim, o método actual será substituído por um método mecânico. A solução proposta, Plataforma de Desmontagem e Ensaio de Bogies, está descrita nas páginas seguintes.
2
Zhu, J. "Aerodynamic noise of high-speed train bogies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/379830/.
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For high-speed trains, aerodynamic noise becomes significant when their speeds exceed 300 km/h and can become predominant at higher speeds. Since the environmental requirements for railway operations will become tighter in the future, it is necessary to understand the aerodynamic noise generation and radiation mechanism from high-speed trains by studying the flow-induced noise characteristics to reduce such environmental impacts. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the flow behaviour and the corresponding aeroacoustic mechanisms from high-speed trains, especially around the bogie regions. Since the prediction of the flow-induced noise in an industrial context is difficult to achieve, this study focuses on scale models with increasing complexity. The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behaviour of the flow past an isolated wheelset, two tandem wheelsets, a simplified bogie and the bogie inside the cavity with and without the fairing as well as considering the influence of the ground are investigated at a scale 1:10. A two-stage hybrid method is used consisting of computational fluid dynamics and acoustic analogy. The near-field unsteady flow is obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations numerically through the delayed detached-eddy simulation and the source data are applied to predict the far-field noise signals using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy. All simulations were run with fully structured meshes generated according to the guidelines based on a grid independence study on a circular cylinder case. Far-field noise radiated from the scale models was measured in an open-jet anechoic wind tunnel. Good agreement is achieved between numerical simulations and experimental measurements for the dominant frequency of tonal noise and the shape of the spectra. Numerical results show that turbulent flow past the isolated wheelset is dominated by three-dimensional vortices. Vortex shedding around the axle is the main reason for the tonal noise generation with the dominant peak related to the vortex shedding frequency. The noise directivity shows a typical dipole pattern. Moreover, for both the tandem-wheelset and the simplified bogie cases, the unsteady flow developed around them is characterized by the turbulent eddies with various scales and orientations including the coherently alternating shedding vortices generated from the upstream axles. The vortices formed from the upstream geometries are convected downstream and impinge on the downstream bodies, generating a turbulent wake behind the objects. Vortex shedding and flow separation as well as interaction around the bodies are the key factors for the aerodynamic noise generation. The radiated tonal noise corresponds to the dominant frequencies of the oscillating lift and drag forces from the geometries. The directivity exhibits a distinct dipole shape for the noise radiated from the upstream wheelset whereas the noise directivity pattern from the downstream wheelset is multi-directional. Compared to the wheelsets, the noise contribution from the bogie frame is relatively small. Furthermore, when the bogie is located inside the bogie cavity, the shear layer developed from the cavity leading edge has a strong interaction with the flow separated from the upstream bogie and cavity walls. Thus a highly irregular and unsteady flow is generated inside the bogie cavity due to the considerably strong flow impingement and interaction occurring there. Unlike the isolated bogie case, noise spectra from the bogie inside the cavity are broadband and a lateral dipole pattern of noise radiation is generated. The noise prediction based on the permeable surface source is formulated and programmed using the convective Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings method. Results show that the bogie fairing is effective in reducing the noise levels in most of the frequency range by mounting a fairing in the bogie area; and for the bogie inside the bogie cavity with the ground underneath, the far-field noise level is increased due to more flow interactions around the geometries and the ground reflection effect.
3
Handoko, Yunendar Aryo, and yunendar@inka web id. "INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF RAILWAY BOGIES SUBJECTED TO TRACTION / BRAKING TORQUE." Central Queensland University. Centre for Railway Engineering, 2006. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070209.101959.
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The limitations of current simulation packages in addressing the true longitudinal behaviour of railway bogie dynamics during braking/traction has prompted the development of a Rail Bogie Dynamics (RBD) program in this thesis. The RBD program offers novel features for the calculation of the speed profile as a function of the brake torque as well as explicitly determining wheelset angular velocity. With such capability, the speed profile is no longer treated as an input calculated as a priori as required by most of the current simulation systems. The RBD program has been developed using a formulation that includes the wheelset pitch degree of freedom explicitly with a coordinate reference system that is fixed in space and time. The formulation has made the simulation of the bogie dynamics during braking/traction possible in a natural way using the brake/traction torque as the input and the resulting speed profile as the output without any need for working out the speed profile as a priori. Consequently, severe dynamics during braking such as the wheelset skid and the onset of wheel climb derailment can be modelled and critical parameters investigated using the RBD program. The RBD program has been validated, where possible, through a series of simulations using a commercial software package (VAMPIRE). For cases which cannot be simulated by VAMPIRE such as the wheelset skid, a novel experimental program has been designed and commissioned in the Heavy Testing Laboratory of the Central Queensland University as reported in this thesis. One of the possible applications of the RBD program in examining the effect of asymmetric brake shoe force in bogies equipped with one-side push brake shoe arrangement is illustrated in this thesis. It is believed that the model and RBD program will have significant benefit in understanding the true longitudinal behaviour of wagons in suburban passenger trains that operate under braking/ traction torques for most of their travel. Similar studies will also be useful to freight train wagon dynamics during entry and exit of speed restriction zones and tight curves.
4
Luo, Robert Keqi. "Fatigue life evaluation of railway vehicle bogies using an integrated dynamic simulation." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358233.
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Fontes, Marco António Azevedo. "Sistema de actuação hidráulica para plataforma de desmontagem e ensaio de bogies." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/3612.
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia MecânicaA Fertagus – Travessias do Tejo S.A. terá em breve a necessidade de efectuar a desmontagem e ensaio em 144 bogies num intervalo de tempo que não deverá exceder os dois anos. Esta revisão acontecerá quando as composições atingirem o 1.200.000 km percorridos. Será necessário portanto que as oficinas de manutenção da empresa estejam munidas de equipamento que lhes permita responder de forma eficiente à cadência de serviço a que estarão sujeitas. O que se pretende com estas intervenções é desmontar todos os componentes internos e externos dos bogies das carruagens para que estes possam ser analisados de forma a verificar se estão em condições de funcionamento ou se terão que ser substituídos por novos componentes. Actualmente, a intervenção de desmontagem, por ser um processo inteiramente manual, é lento e pouco seguro para os operários de manutenção. Como foi referido anteriormente, dado o fluxo de serviço a que brevemente as oficinas estarão sujeitas, existe a necessidade de melhorar o método utilizado e, portanto, a solução encontrada para resolver esse problema e permitir satisfazer as necessidades da empresa assenta numa estrutura com o formato de pórtico ao qual será aplicado um sistema de dois actuadores hidráulicos. Este equipamento terá que satisfazer vários requisitos funcionais, em particular, ser capaz de exercer 350 kN nos bogies das carruagens.
6
Berghuvud, Ansel. "Curving performance and nonlinear dynamic behaviour of freight cars with three-piece bogies /." Luleå, 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2001/09/index.html.
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Tunna, John. "Fatigue design of railway vehicles for track induced random forces." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278285.
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DeLorenzo, Michael. "NUCARS Modeling of a Freight Locomotive with Steerable Trucks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36664.
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The rail dynamics modeling package NUCARS has been used extensively to model freight cars. We have found that it can also be used effectively to model freight locomotives.
This thesis discusses the development of a NUCARS model to represent a six-axle freight locomotive equipped with steerable trucks. This includes separating it into a set of individual bodies, representing the suspension components as inter-body connections, and validation of the computer model. This model is then used to conduct a study of the impact on tangent track stability and curving performance of varying suspension parameters. It is found that the presence of damping in the system improves hunting stability, while increasing wheel conicity is harmful to stability and varying the flexicoiling stiffness has little effect. In curving, the clearances between the axles and truck frame are very important. Limiting these clearances in the steerable truck causes it to curve similar to a conventional straight locomotive truck and increases both the track force ratios and angles of attack. Increasing the wheel conicity increases an axle's tendency to align with the track and improves the locomotive's curving performance. The lateral stiffness of the inter-axle links and inter-motor links has little effect on the curving of the locomotive.Master of Science
9
Pyrgidis, Christos. "Comportement transversal d'un véhicule ferroviaire en alignement et en courbe. Nouvelles technologies des bogies. Etude comparative." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9004.
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Les études scientifiques développées dans cette thèse ont permis de mettre au point des modèles mathématiques simulant en alignement et en courbe le comportement transversal d’un véhicule ferroviaire muni de bogies ayant les technologies ci-après : bogies conventionnels à essieux classiques, bogies à essieux auto-orientés, bogies à essieux à pseudoglissement contrôlé, bogies à essieux à roues indépendantes. A partir de ces modèles, on a étudié : a) la stabilité transversale du véhicule dans le cas d’une circulation à vitesse constante, sur une voir en alignement de bonne qualité située dans un plan horizontal. Le guidage des essieux est assuré uniquement par les forces de pseudoglissement et la géométrie de contact. B) le comportement semi-statistique du véhicule dans le cas d’une circulation à vitesse constante dans une courbe de rayon donné avec insuffisance de dévers. Avec ces modèles, tenant compte de plusieurs non linéarités (dispositifs anti-lacet pour l’alignement, forces de pseudoglissement pour les courbes) et corrigés au niveau des coefficients de pseudoglissement pour avoir une bonne corrélation avec les résultats expérimentaux, il est possible : a) d’optimiser les caractéristiques de construction des bogies ; b) de comparer les performances obtenues dans les technologies considérées ; c) de justifier scientifiquement les évolutions techniques en cours de développement qui devraient permettre au système guidé d’améliorer ces performances techniques. Avec ces bogies à essieux à pseudoglissement contrôlé et à roues indépendantes, on peut obtenir sans dispositifs anti-lacet et indépendamment de l’usure des roues des vitesses critiques en alignement très élevées supérieures à 500 km/h, une réduction des efforts de guidage dans les courbes de faible rayon, et un meilleur comportement des essieux dans les courbes de grand rayon (glissement retardé et déplacements transversaux réduits).
10
McDonald, Christopher. "An experimental research investigation into disused flat rail wagons as bridges with applications for low volume rural roads in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45684/1/Christopher_McDonald_Thesis.pdf.
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An experimental laboratory investigation was carried out to assess the structural adequacy of a disused PHO Class Flat Bottom Rail Wagon (FRW) for a single lane low volume road bridge application as per the design provisions of the Australian Bridge Design Standard AS 5100(2004). The investigation also encompassed a review into the risk associated with the pre-existing damage in wagons incurred during their service life on rail.
The main objective of the laboratory testing of the FRW was to physically measure its performance under the same applied traffic loading it would be required to resist as a road bridge deck. In order to achieve this a full width (5.2m) single lane, single span (approximately 10m), simply supported bridge would be required to be constructed and tested in a structural laboratory. However, the available clear spacing between the columns of the loading portal frame encountered within the laboratory was insufficient to accommodate the 5.2m wide bridge deck excluding clearance normally considered necessary in structural testing. Therefore, only half of the full scale bridge deck (single FRW of width 2.6m) was able to be accommodated and tested; with the continuity of the bridge deck in the lateral direction applied as boundary constraints along the full length of the FRW at six selected locations. This represents a novel approach not yet reported in the literature for bridge deck testing to the best of the knowledge of the author.
The test was carried out under two loadings provided in AS 5100 (2004) – one stationary W80 wheel load and the second a moving axle load M1600. As the bridge investigated in the study is a single lane single span low volume road bridge, the risk of pre-existing damage and the expected high cycle fatigue failure potential was assessed as being minimal and hence the bridge deck was not tested structurally for fatigue/ fracture. The high axle load requirements have instead been focussed upon the investigation into the serviceability and ultimate limit state requirements. The testing regime adopted however involved extensive recording of strains and deflections at several critical locations of the FRW. Three locations of W80 point load and two locations of the M1600 Axle load were considered for the serviceability testing; the FRW was also tested under the ultimate load dictated by the M1600.
The outcomes of the experimental investigation have demonstrated that the FRW is structurally adequate to resist the prescribed traffic loadings outlaid in AS 5100 (2004). As the loading was directly applied on to the FRW, the laboratory testing is assessed as being significantly conservative. The FRW bridge deck in the field would only resist the load transferred by the running platform, where, depending on the design, composite action might exist – thereby the share of the loading which needs to be resisted by the FRW would be smaller than the system tested in the lab. On this basis, a demonstration bridge is under construction at the time of writing this thesis and future research will involve field testing in order to assess its performance.
11
Malo-Estepa, Andrés. "Prise en compte de la variabilité des caractéristiques de suspension d'un bogie pour l'optimisation des opérations de maintenance." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0041.
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La réduction des coûts de maintenance est l’un des enjeux majeurs auquel doit faire face l’industrie ferroviaire pour rester concurrentielle. Parmi les organes de suspension nécessitant un entretien périodique fréquent, les éléments à base métal-caoutchouc jouent un rôle clé dans le fonctionnement du bogie. Les variations des propriétés mécaniques de ces éléments sont étudiées au travers de techniques de vieillissement accéléré pour représenter leur comportement tout au long du cycle de vie. Par ailleurs, des outils de description des variabilités observées sont proposés afin d’établir une stratégie de simulations dynamiques en considérant différents modèles d’un matériel roulant homologué. L’objectif est de quantifier leurs effets sur des indicateurs sécuritaires préconisés par les normes du secteur ferroviaire. Finalement, cette étude permet de justifier la pertinence d’une stratégie d’allongement de cycle de vie en maintenant le niveau de sécurité inhérent au matériel roulant ferroviaireThe reduction of maintenance costs is a key stake for the competitivity of railway rolling stock manufacturers. The optimization of maintenance operations can be addressed by less, better-planned overhaul operations, through an increase of the life-cycle of some components. Among the most frequently checked suspension organs, rubber-to-metal elements have a key role on the bogie performance. The change on the mechanical properties of these elements are studied by accelerated ageing techniques, so as to represent their behaviour throughout their lifecycle. Several hyper-elastic laws, associated with the characterization of the rubber ageing, have been proposed in these works. These models have been used to simulate the behaviour of the real components. Hence, a set of tools describing the variability observed on the parts is proposed, allowing the design of a strategy for dynamics simulations considering several models of an already approved rolling stock model. The aim is to quantify the variability effect on the safety indexes demanded by standard norms. Finally, this study justifies the pertinence of a strategy aiming life-cycle extensions while ensuring the intrinsic safety levels required on railway rolling stock
12
Sjöstrand, Philip. "New bogie suspension concept." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76947.
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There is always a desire to develop and offer the best and most protable products on the market. This master thesis in mechanical engineering investigates the possibility to reduce the costs of the bogie suspension on Volvo's articulated haulers. The so called stays in the existing bogie suspension are significant components that connects the axle housings to the frame. The existing solution consists of stays that are expensive, heavy and time consuming to manufacture. Concepts in CAD will be compared to each other and and all concept will be evaluated in more detail. Totally five concepts were generated and modelled. They were compared regarding strains on rubber parts, required stay dimensions, collision between different parts and axle movements. Two proceeded concepts for further development after the evaluation and two new concepts were generated. A new comparison was made with additional tests. Simulations conrmed that it was only possible to proceed with one of the two developed concepts because one of the concepts would require large dimensions to manage the applied forces. The selected concept was redesigned and adapted to be as realizable as possible. Bushing kits, reinforcements, and detailed designs of parts were considered. Simple FEMcalculations was only made on parts that wasn't depending on components on the frame since these calculations would be too advanced and time consuming. The resulting concept needs more work to be realizable since there are geometry optimization on molded components left as well as advanced calculations when integrating the solution on the frame. A weight loss ofapproximately 95kg and a cost reduction of 3700SEK was made. Further investigations has to be done to determine if it's possible to obtain a positive business case with the new bogie suspension.
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Chodeshwar, Korsa Veera Bhadraiah Dora Bharadwaj. "Stress Analysis of Bogie Frame Structure." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16043.
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The Bogie frame is an important and integral member of bogie. In Indian Railways, LHB (Linke Hofmann Busch) coaches are used as passenger coaches. They are equipped with FIAT bogie frames. Inorder to overcome the limitations of the existing FIAT bogie frame structure, a new bogie frame structure namely New CASNUB Bogie Frame is designed to equip with LHB coach. The New CASNUB Bogie Frame design is validated by conducting Stress analysis using ANSYS Mechanical APDL software. The stresses induced in both the frame structures are compared. Stresses induced in the New CASNUB Bogie frame are lesser than in the FIAT Bogie frame and are within the allowable stress limits of material used. New CASNUB Bogie Frame can be used as an alternative for LHB coaches in Indian Railways.
14
Carrillo, Li Enrique Roberto. "Análisis de cargas en un "bogie" remolcado." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7851.
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El presente trabajo presenta una introducción al comportamiento dinámico del material
rodante ferroviario, el cual se centra, principalmente, en la dinámica del bogie. El
documento inicia con una descripción genérica de los componentes fundamentales del
mismo, los que se definen como aquellas partes que son esenciales para el
funcionamiento del vehículo; seguidamente se presenta una clasificación de los bogies
de acuerdo a sus características constructivas, condiciones de operación y normativa. A
continuación se muestra la parametrización del trazado ferroviario en términos de sus
características geométricas, así como una descripción de los componentes de la vía.
La siguiente parte del documento se centra en la dinámica del conjunto rueda – eje el
cual es el elemento responsable de la respuesta dinámica del vehículo por acción de las
cargas originadas en el contacto; en una primera parte se soluciona el problema
geométrico de contacto con el cual se determina la ubicación de los puntos de análisis;
posteriormente se plantea el problema de contacto normal el cual da origen a la elipse
de contacto producto de las deformaciones elásticas de los cuerpos en contacto; tal
elipse, debido al deslizamiento entre el riel y la rueda da origen a las fuerzas
longitudinales y transversales de contacto, el cual se denomina el problema tangencial,
para el cual se hace uso de la teoría lineal de Kalker; una vez conocidas las fuerzas de
contacto se plantea las ecuaciones cinemáticas del conjunto rueda – eje. Finalmente, en
el último capítulo, se hace uso de las relaciones de cargas halladas en capítulos
anteriores y a partir de parámetros másicos y de un trazado de simulación se plantea las
ecuaciones de las cargas actuantes sobre el bogie; para finalmente presentar las gráficas
de las cargas obtenidas del tránsito sobre el trazado de simulación.
En el presente trabajo, no se hace el análisis del sistema de suspensión del vehículo;
adicionalmente, solo se consideran las cargas originadas por la interacción del vehículo
con el trazado dejando de lado cualquier posible carga de impacto que pudiese surgir en
una condición real de rodadura.Tesis
15
Пасічник, Сергій Сергійович, Сергей Сергеевич Пасичник, and Sergey S. Pasichnik. "Поліпшення динамічних і ресурсних показників вантажних вагонів з комплексно модернізованими візками." Thesis, Видавництво Дніпропетровського національного університету залізничного транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна, 2012. http://eadnurt.diit.edu.ua:82/jspui/handle/123456789/1321.
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Пасічник, С. С. Поліпшення динамічних та ресурсних показників вантажних вагонів з комплексно модернізованими візками : авт. дис. к. т. н.: 05.22.07 / С. С. Пасічник ; Дніпропетр. нац. ун-т залізн. трансп. ім. акад. В. Лазаряна. - Д. : Вид-во Днiпропетр. нац. ун-ту залізн. трансп. iм. акад. В. Лазаряна, 2012 УДК 629.463.027.1 ГРНТИ 55.41.37UK: АНОТАЦІЯ Дисертацію присвячено розробці пропозицій щодо спрощення обслуговування комплексно модернізованих візків вантажних вагонів при їх експлуатації і ремонті, а також подальшому розвитку комплексної модернізації візків за рахунок використання нових елементів. Ґрунтуючись на даних спостережень за станом вагонами з комплексно модернізованими візками, що експлуатуються, визначено та розв’язано ряд питань, пов'язаних з поліпшенням технології встановлення елементів модернізації, експлуатацією і ремонтом таких вагонів. Зокрема, проведено розрахунки і розроблено нові конструкції корпусу пружно-коткового ковзуна, що виключають випадки випадання роликів при експлуатації візків; запропоновано зміни в систему переточувань коліс, що дає значне збільшення їх ресурсу; розроблено і випробувано нову схему вимірювання вертикальних сил що діють на візок при проведенні ходових динамічних випробувань вантажних вагонів, використання якої дозволяє підвищити достовірність отримуваної інформації, та ін. Проведено теоретичні дослідження спрямовані на подальший розвиток комплексної модернізації за рахунок використання в буксових вузлах касетних підшипників, як з жорсткими, так і з пружними адаптерами. Визначено раціональні значення зазорів в буксових вузлах при використанні жорстких адаптерів і раціональні значення жорсткості для пружних адаптерів. Розглянуто варіанти поліпшення схеми з’єднання між надресорною балкою і бічними рамами, а також ряд змін в клиновій системі гасіння коливань. Розроблено математичну модель вантажного вагона, що дозволяє враховувати жорсткість дисків коліс у різних напрямах. За допомогою цієї математичної моделі визначено раціональні значення жорсткості коліс з пружними дисками. Проведено дослідження щодо оцінки впливу геометричних і фізико-механічних параметрів коліс на їх жорсткість у різних напрямах. Знайдено раціональну форму диска залізничного колеса для застосування в комплексно модернізованих візках. Використання отриманих при виконанні дисертації результатів дозволить поліпшити динамічні і ресурсні показники вантажних вагонів з комплексно модернізованими візками, а також підвищить ефективність оновлення парку вантажних вагонів. RU: АННОТАЦИЯ Диссертация посвящена разработке предложений по упрощению обслуживания комплексно модернизированных тележек грузовых вагонов при их эксплуатации и ремонте, а также дальнейшему развитию комплексной модернизации тележек за счет использования новых элементов. Известно, что на железных дорогах Украины и стран СНГ в последние десятилетия парк грузовых вагонов обновлялся в недостаточной степени. Так, согласно статистике около 90% грузовых вагонов уже приблизились к граничному сроку службы. К тому же у отечественных вагонов используются преимущественно технически устаревшие и малоэффективные тележки модели 18-100. Библиографический поиск показал, что наиболее эффективным решением проблемы обновления грузового подвижного состава является применение комплексной модернизации тележек (проект С03.04), которая позволяет при незначительных финансовых затратах существенно улучшить динамические и ресурсные показатели грузовых вагонов. Причем указанная модернизация может быть выполнена как при постройке новых вагонов, так и при проведении плановых ремонтов вагонов, находящихся в эксплуатации. Основываясь на данных наблюдений за состоянием эксплуатируемых вагонами с комплексно модернизированными тележками, в диссертации обозначен и решен ряд вопросов, связанных с усовершенствованием технологии установки элементов модернизации, эксплуатацией и ремонтом таких вагонов. В частности, проведены расчеты и разработаны новые конструкции корпуса упруго-каткового скользуна, предотвращающие случаи выпадения роликов при эксплуатации тележек; предложены изменения в систему переточек колес, что дает существенное увеличение их ресурса; разработана и испытана новая схема измерений действующих на тележку вертикальных сил при проведении ходовых динамических испытаний грузовых вагонов, применение которой позволяет повысить достоверность получаемой информации, и др. Проведены теоретические исследования, направленные на дальнейшее развитие комплексной модернизации тележек грузовых вагонов за счет использования в буксовых узлах кассетных подшипников, как с жесткими, так и с упругими адаптерами. Определены рациональные значения зазоров в буксовых узлах в случае использования жестких адаптеров и рациональные значения жесткости для упругих адаптеров. Рассмотрены варианты улучшения схемы сочленения надрессорной балки и боковых рам, а также ряд изменений в клиновой системе гашения колебаний. Разработана математическая модель грузового вагона, позволяющая учитывать жесткость дисков колес в разных направлениях. С помощью этой математической модели определены рациональные значения жесткости колес с упругими дисками. Проведены исследования по оценке влияния геометрических и физико-механических параметров колес на их жесткость в разных направлениях. Найдена рациональная форма диска железнодорожного колеса для применения в комплексно модернизированных тележках. Использование полученных при выполнении диссертации результатов позволит улучшить динамические и ресурсные показатели грузовых вагонов с комплексно модернизированными тележками, а также повысит эффективность обновления парка грузовых вагонов. EN: ABSTRACT In dissertation, being base on data of watching cars with the complex modernized bogies, the problem issues related to technology of installing elements of modernization are certain, by exploitation and repairs of such cars. Recommendations are worked out on permission of these problems. The improvements of technology of realization of modernization are offered, theoretical calculations are conducted and the new constructions of case of side bearings, preventing cases falls of rollers, are worked out, the new chart of measuring of vertical forces is worked out and tested during realization of working dynamic tests, allowing to promote authenticity of the got results. Offered change in the system of regrinds of wheels, allowing considerably to increase their resource. Theoretical studies referred to further development of project of complex modernization due to the use of the cassette bearing with hard or resilient adapters in box knots. The rational values of gaps in box knots at the use of hard adapters and parameters of inflexibility of resilient adapters are certain. Considered some variants to use of the improved method of interaction between a bolster and lateral frames, and some changes of wedges system of antihunting. The mathematical model of freight car, allowing to take into account inflexibility of wheels in various directions, is worked out. The rational values of inflexibility of wheels with resilient disks are certain. Researched on determination of influence of geometrical and physical-mechanical properties of wheels on their inflexibility in various directions. The rational form of disk of railway wheel is certain for the use in the complex modernized bogies. Drawing on the results got in dissertation will allow to improve the dynamic and resource characteristics of freight cars with the complex modernized bogies, and also will promote safety of motion.
Інститут технічної механіки Національної академії наук України і Національне космічне агентство України
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Sperry, Brian James. "Complex Bogie Modeling Incorporating Advanced Friction Wedge Components." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33039.
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The design of the freight train truck has gone relatively unchanged over the past 150 years. There has been relatively little change to the fundamental railway truck design because of the challenges of implementing a cost effective and reliable modification to designs that have proven effective in decades of operation. A common U. S. railway truck consists of two sideframes, a bolster, two spring nests, and four friction wedges. The two sideframes sit on the axels. The bolster rides on springs on top of the sideframes. The friction wedges also ride on springs on top of the sideframe, and are positioned between the bolster and sideframe, acting as a damping mechanism. Better understanding the dynamic behavior and forces on the bodies are critical in reducing unnecessary wear on the components, along with potential negative behavior such as loss of productivity and increase in operating costs.
This thesis will investigate the dynamic behavior of the truck under warping conditions using a stand-alone model created in Virtual.Lab. This research covers two main areas.
First, the full-truck model will be developed and its simulation results will be compared to test data from the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI). Data was provided from warp testing performed at the TTCI facilities in the spring of 2008. Once validated, the model will be used to gain a better understanding of the forces and moments that are propagated through the system, and of the dynamics of all bodies. Due to costs and physical constraints, not every bogie component can be instrumented during test, so the computer model will be able to provide valuable information not easily obtained otherwise.
Second, full-truck models using different contact geometry between the wedges, sideframes, and bolster will be compared. A model with extremely worn sideframes will allow for investigation into the effects of wear on the damping abilities and warp stiffness of the truck. Another model using split wedges will be compared with the previous model to investigate into the behavior differences in the truck using different types of wedges. By understanding the impact of different geometries on the overall performance of the truck, better decisions on design and maintenance can be made in the future.
After creating the models, we found that the full-truck model created in LMS® Virtual.Lab compared well with the test data collected by TTCI. In the comparison with NUCARS® we determined that the stand-alone model, which incorporates the wedges as bodies, captures the warp dynamics of the truck better than NUCARS®, which models the wedges as connections. By creating a model with severely worn sideframes, we were able to determine that the truck loses its abilities to damp bounce in the system as well as to prevent warping when the components become sufficiently worn. The split-wedge model behaved similarly to the standard full-truck model for bounce inputs, but had a significantly different behavior in warp. Further development will be needed on the split-wedge model to be confident that it behaved as expected.Master of Science
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Franklin, Matthew J. "Surface coatings for 3-piece freight bogie centre bearings." Faculty of Engineering, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/138.
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The research is divided into four related sections of work. The first relates to the rim wall wear of the existing unlubricated steel, and polyethylene centre bearing components. Based on these findings, the second and third sections of work includes materials characterisation of alternative centre bearing surfaces - plasma nitrided molybdenum steel and stellite 6 laser clad layers, respectively. Finally, in the last section of work, the reciprocating pin-on-plate wear test method is used to evaluate the friction and wear of the existing and alternative centre bearing materials. The worn dimensions of the AISI 1053 steel, Hadfield steel, and polyethylene centre bearing components were determined. The wear of the high density polyethylene centre bowl liner was negligible. The rim wall wear of the unlubricated steel components was greatest in the longitudinal direction, whilst there was negligible wear in the lateral direction. The average wear depth rate for the AISI 1053 steel top centre was approximately twice that of the Hadfield steel centre bowl liner. The cross-sectional microhardness and microstructure of one worn AISI 1053 steel top centre and two worn Hadfield steel centre bowl liners were determined. The worn Hadfield steel centre bowl liners showed significant near surface work hardening. The wear mechanism for the AISI 1053 steel top centre was plastic strain accumulation in conjunction with low cycle fatigue. The quench and tempered AISI 4016 molybdenum steel samples were plasma nitrided at 450, 500, 550 and 580 C using 75% N2: 25% H2 mixture gas for 5 hours. The microstructures of the coatings were determined using optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The treated samples were characterised using x-ray diffraction and vi microhardness. The optimum condition for this material was achieved at the temperature of 500 0C. Stellite 6 multi-track layers were laser clad onto mild and AISI 4016 steel substrates with a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser at 1800 W laser source power using four different processing speeds: 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 mm/min. The laser power, defocused laser spot size, and powder feed rate were held constant. The clad samples were characterised using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Microhardness profiles of the clad layers and heat affected zones were determined. For both substrates the optimum processing speed is between 600 and 900 mm/min. Wear testing of Hadfield pin - AISI 1053 steel plate, Hadfield pin - untreated AISI 4016 steel plate, HDPE pin – Hadfield steel plate, Hadfield pin - plasma nitrided AISI 4016 steel (500 °C) plate, and Hadfield pin – laser clad Stellite 6 (600 mm/min) plate material pairs was conducted using the pin-on-plate reciprocating wear test method. The wear test conditions provided a good simulation of the rim wall operating conditions for the Hadfield steel pin – plasma nitrided AISI 4016 steel (500 °C) plate and Hadfield steel pin – laser clad Stellite 6 (600 mm/min) plate material pairs. The Hadfield steel pin – nitrided AISI 4016 steel (500 °C) plate material pair had the lowest wear under these wear test conditions, whilst it’s co-efficient of friction of 0.57 would make it suitable for use in lightly loaded (50 ton wagon mass) 3-piece freight bogies.
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Hacot, Hervé 1974. "Analysis and traction control of a rocker-bogie planetary rover." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9611.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-90).
Robotic rovers have become important tools in planetary exploration. Future missions require improved rover performance. This thesis presents an analysis of a six-wheeled prototype rover. Its design is based on the rockerbogie configuration. A procedure is presented which can rapidly compute the configuration of the rover as a function of its environment. Also, a quasi-static force analysis of the system is detailed. It considers realistic physical constraints such as wheel slip and actuator saturation. A computer simulation with a graphic interface is developed to evaluate performance and enhance the understanding of the system. The analysis leads to the design of a fuzzy logic controller that increases rover traction and mobility. Analytical and experimental studies are performed to validate the analysis and control scheme.
by Hervé Hacot.
S.M.
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Prinz, Michael. "Regensburg - Straubing - Bogen." München Komm. für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, 2003. http://d-nb.info/987614363/04.
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Karlsson, Andreas. "Modelling, simulation and cost estimation of a conceptual bogie axle replacement." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68801.
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The forest industry in Sweden covers 28 million hectare as productive woodland. The soil is important for the forests ecosystem and the soils performance is decreased with increased soil compaction. In order to reduce the impact on the soil done by forest machinery a conceptual suspension axle is presented with the purpose to replace traditional bogie axle system on the trolley part on forwarders. This thesis goal is to determine if the proposed suspension concept isaviableoptionintheforestryindustryintermsofstrengthanddurabilityoftheconstruction and manufacturing cost. The project focus primary on suspension and will not focus on the overall design of the trolley.Amodelisdevelopedwhichisbasedonaideaandmodelprototype. Thegoalofthemodelling is to achieve a construction that allows the suspension to be extended or intended while still beingabletoturnthewheels. Threedifferentloadscasesistested,astaticloadcasewherethree loads are applied to the simulation model, the second case is a fatigue analysis and the third case is a collision case analysis. Each load case is simulated at two different model cases, one with the suspension located at the center, the middle case, and one case with the suspension located at the end point, the extended case. Resulting in a total of six simulations for each design.The final suspension design have a total weight of 1140 kg of one suspension and fulfills the product specification on all but one points, the desirable turning radius. The static analysis showednocriticalpointforneithertheinitialdesignorthefinaldesigninneithertheintended or extended case, but showed higher stress levels when the model was simulated at the extended case. The fatigue results showed similar results between the initial and final design because of the critical points parts where not redesigned between the designs. The collision caseshowedsimilarcriticallyforcebetweenthedesigns,aforceofapproximately70kNand40 kN for the middle and extended case respectively is required to reach the yield strength when colliding with an object.The cost of producing one suspension is estimated to 45800 SEK and is calculated through the tool costing for designer (CFD), which estimates the manufacture cost at an early design phase. The material cost for the suspension is the largest expanse covering roughly 73% of the total cost. In order to conclude if the suspension generates lower soil compaction compared to traditional bogie axles, a experimentally test is the optimal procedure. To be able to conduct this kind of field test the model have to be further refined to be able to produce.Theworkconcludestheproposedsuspensionsystemwiththefinaldesign,intermsofstrength and durability of the construction and the estimated cost, is possible to function in the forestry industry with the restrictions used in this work.
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Prifer, David. "Dynamic Simulation and Suspension Optimization for a Heavy Duty Railway Bogie." Thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299415.
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A multi-body simulation study was undertaken to investigate the running behavior of a rail grinder vehicle with newly developed Ganz bogies. The main purpose of the simulations was to forecast and support the vehicle acceptance tests and support the ongoing development. A multi-body model was built in Simpack and the most critical force elements were isolated and validated by tests. Derailment safety was assessed based on both European and Australian standards. The vehicle's running stability was carried out for both standard (1435mm) and broad gauge (1676mm) versions. Vehicle sway characteristics were determined through the calculation of flexibility coefficient both numerically and analytically. A parametric study for primary vertical damper was undertaken to assess the empirically selected dampers and optimize the performance. The results show that the damping coefficient can be greatly reduced while maintaining acceptable running behavior, thus the lifetime of dampers can be increased. Based on stability investigations, yaw damper installation is not necessary, though the bracketry for the possibility of later installation will remain on the prototype bogie.En flerkroppssimulering genomfördes med hjälp av Simpack med syfte att undersöka gångegenskaperna hos ett järnvägsslipfordon, med boggi som nyligen utvecklats av Ganz. Huvudsyftet bakom simuleringarna var att förutspå - och underlätta godkännandet av fordonets acceptanskrav samt underlätta pågående utveckling. En flerkroppsmodell konstruerades och de mest kritiska kraftbärande elementen undersöktes - och verifierades separat med hjälp av tester. Säkerhetsaspekterna kring urspårning undersöktes utifrån både europeiska och australiska standarder. Fordonets gångstabilitet bedömdes med både standard - samt bred spårviddsvarianter. Fordonets svängningsegenskaper bestämdes genom att genomföra beräkningar av flexibilitetskonstanten både numeriskt och analytiskt. En parameterstudie genomfördes för fordonets primära vertikala dämpare med avsikt att evaluera empiriskt valda dämpare samt optimera prestanda. Resultaten visar att dämpningskoefficienten avsevärt kan minskas samtidigt som acceptabel rullningsförmåga behålls, vilket därmed förlänger dämparens livstid. Installation av girdämpare är inte nödvändigt, baserat på stabilitetsundersökningar, dock behålls fästen på boggi-prototypen för att möjliggöra framtida monteringar av sådana element.
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Chottiner, Jeffrey E. "Simulation of a six wheeled Martian rover called the Rocker Bogie." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1259774869.
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Li, Wei. "The dynamics of perfect steering bogie vehicles and its improvement with a reconfigurable mechanism." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25488.
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Even since railway vehicles were invented, railway scientists and engineers have been putting a lot of effort in finding the solution to the fundamental conflict between vehicle stability in the lateral plane and vehicle's capability of negotiating curves. Many configurations of railway bogie vehicles have been proposed and applied to minimise the conflict. The purpose of the research project is i) to create new configurations that can decouple the basic conflict, ii) to investigate dynamic behaviour of the new configurations and iii) to conceive a new mechanism that can improve the dynamics of the new configurations. Three configurations of body-steered bogie vehicles have been set up in the research. The sufficient conditions for them to be capable of perfect steering have been derived. They are called perfect steering vehicles when they satisfy these sufficient conditions. Their curving ability, stability and ride performance have been investigated. To overcome the disadvantages of the perfect steering vehicles, the reconfigurable mechanism has been conceived. The improvement in the dynamic behaviour of the perfect steering vehicles with the reconfigurable mechanism has been demonstrated. A computer program has been developed to undertake the simulation. The steering capability of the perfect steering vehicles is much better than that of conventional bogie vehicles. There are two modes of instability in the perfect steering vehicles: low conicity instability and conventional instability in the perfect steering vehicle. The perfect steering vehicles can decouple the conflict between their conventional stability and curving. The improvement of stability and ride performance of the perfect steering vehicles is, however, limited by the low conicity instability. When the reconfigurable mechanism is applied, a body-steered bogie vehicle can become a perfect steering vehicle when on curves and can become a conventional bogie vehicle when in other circumstances. Low conicity instability can be eliminated when the reconfigurable mechanism is used. This class of vehicles possess the advantages of both conventional bogie vehicles and perfect steering vehicles, and thus, provide a very valuable solution for the fundamental conflicts between the stability and steering ability and between ride performance and stability of railway vehicles. The findings in this thesis have great significance in developing perfect steering vehicles.
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Masmoudi, Walid. "Mutation de produit : conception et modélisation d'un T.G.V. Bogie en matériaux composites." Paris, ENSAM, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENAM0027.
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Le T. G. V. De troisième génération sera à deux niveaux et circulera à 350 km/h en vitesse commerciale. La présente étude concerne l'introduction des matériaux composites pour réaliser des allégements sur la structure de bogie du t. G. V. -2n. Une réflexion sur un nouveau concept a été menée et a abouti à la définition d'un modèle expérimental de bogie en éléments caisson nés obtenus par stratification. Une caractérisation du comportement du matériau a été réalisée en comportement statique et en fatigue ou des lois d'endommagement et des courbes de Wöhler ont été établies. Une modélisation du comportement statique et dynamique du modèle expérimental a été recherchée. Elle a servi à valider le concept vis-à-vis des critères de résistance en statique et des propriétés d'analyse modale, et surtout à valider des modèles de calcul en éléments finis sur le code sace. Enfin, la validité du concept vis-à-vis de la fatigue a été établie expérimentalement et des lois de degradation et de ruine ont été dégagées. Cette étude pourra donc servir de base a une recherche plus fine et plus approfondie sur un nouveau concept de bogie en matériaux composites, qui soit plus industriel et qui prenne en compte la globalité des critères fonctionnels et économiquesThe third generation TGV sets (French Railways high spee trainsets) will be double-decker trainsets (also known as TGV - 2N) travelling at 350 km/h in commercial service. This study relates to the insertion of composite materials in order to reduce the the weight of the TGV 2N bogie structure. A research on a new concept has been conducted and led to the specification of an experimental model of bogie in box shaped elements obtained by a statification method. The behaviour of the materials has been charaterized both in staic and in fatigue where damage laws and wohler curves have been estabilished. The static and dynamic behaviour of the experimental model has been modelled. The modelling was then used to validate the concept in relation to the static resistance criteria and to modal analysis prosperties and especially to validate finite elements calcultaion models thanks to SAMCEF software. Lastly, the validity of the concept in relation to the fatigue has been experimentally achieved and it was possible to draw degradation and failure laws. This study will be able to be used as the basis of more precise research on a new industrial concept of a bogie made of composite materials which will take into account both functional and economic criteria
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Ferreira, Eliane Fernandes Fernandes Ferreira Eliane. "Von Pfeil und Bogen zum "Digitalen Bogen" : die Indigenen Brasiliens und das Internet /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3190332&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Fernandes, Ferreira Eliane. "Von Pfeil und Bogen zum "Digitalen Bogen" : die Indigenen Brasiliens und das Internet /." Bielefeld : Transcript, 2009. http://d-nb.info/991632540/04.
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Ferreira, Eliane Fernandes. "Von Pfeil und Bogen zum "digitalen Bogen" die Indigenen Brasiliens und das Internet." Bielefeld Transcript, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991632540/04.
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Mougenot, Alix. "Praxis : detection of inconsistency within distributed models." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066490.
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Les projets logiciels de taille industriels sont développés par centaines de développeurs travaillant sur des centaines de modèles de types différents. La complexité de ces modèles couplés au fait qu’ils soient souvent maintenus par des développeurs différents est une source connue d'incohérences pouvant causer l'échec de la modélisation. La détection de ces incohérences consiste à analyser les modèles pour y détecter les configurations non souhaitables. Cette thèse traite le problème de la détection des incohérences lors du développement collaboratif des modèles. Notre approche, Praxis, représente les modèles par une séquence d'actions unitaires le construisant. Cette représentation séquentielle permet de façon uniforme des incohérences entre des modèles de différentes natures. Praxis exploite cette représentation pour rendre la détection d'incohérence incrémentale. Cette détection incrémentale est suffisamment efficace pour donner un retour instantané au développer. Praxis est également à la base d'un protocole pair-à-pair pour l'édition collaborative de modèles. Ce protocole utilise les actions unitaires de Praxis pour la communication entre les sites d'édition. Praxis propose également un détecteur d'incohérence réparti. Ce détecteur a pour but de détecter les incohérences dans les modèles édités collaborativement. Les performances de Praxis ont étés validées grâce à une benchmark composée de modèles issus de cas d'études et de 1400 modèles provenant d'un générateur mathématiquement fondé. Cette benchmark utilise 56 règles représentatives provenant de la spécification d'UML. La validation a montré que Praxis est efficace et peux prendre en charge de très gros modèles
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Михеев, А. Ю., and A. Y. Mikheev. "Повышение эффективности использования подвижного состава на предприятии ООО «Жасмин» г. Михайловска : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/86597.
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The aim of the master's thesis is to develop theoretical and practical methods for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise’s vehicles and ensuring the development of the quality of operation of the operational service. The practical significance of the work lies in the application of methods and calculations to improve the efficiency of the operational and maintenance services of the enterprise LLC “Jasmine”. The introduction of the results of work at the enterprise will increase the efficiency of the use of rolling stock due to its rational use, as well as reduce material costs for transportation. In the master's thesis, an analysis was made of the activity of the enterprise, the possibility of using a tractor- transport unit in the construction of roads was considered, the construction of a transport bogies for semi trailers was proposed, and the maneuverability indicators of a motor train were determined.Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка теоретических и практических методов повышения эффективности работы транспортных средств предприятия и обеспечение развития качества работы эксплуатационной службы. Практическое значение работы заключается в применении методик и расчетов для повышения эффективности работы эксплуатационной и обслуживающей службы предприятия ООО «Жасмин». Внедрение результатов работы на предприятии позволит повысить эффективность использования подвижного состава за счет рационального его использования, а также снизить материальные затраты на транспортные работы. В магистерской диссертации проведен анализ деятельности предприятия, рассмотрена возможность применения тракторно-транспортного агрегата при строительстве автомобильных дорог, предложена конструкция подкатной тележки для полуприцепа, а также определены показатели маневренности автотракторного поезда.
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Bogner, Agnès Gauthier Catherine. "Le Mode d'imagerie wet-STEM." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=bogner.
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Campedelli, Jean Play Daniel. "Modélisation globale statique des systèmes mécaniques hyperstatiques pré-chargés application à un bogie moteur /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=campedelli.
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Boger, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen an metallocenkatalysierten Polypropylenen / Andreas Boger." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1015438717/34.
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Bogner, Michael [Verfasser]. "On differential operators of Calabi-Yau type / Michael Bogner." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025448847/34.
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Best, Kelly Mallinson David. "Quaternary Geologic Development of the Croatan Beach Ridge Complex, Bogue Sound, and Bogue Banks, Carteret County, NC." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2703.
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Rubel, Maik. "Einfluss der Struktursteifigkeit und der Gestaltung von Drehgestellrahmen auf die lauftechnischen Eigenschaften von Schienenfahrzeugen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-27054.
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Das lauftechnische Verhalten von Schienenfahrzeugen ist fahrzeugseitig geprägt von Eigenschaften, die im Wesentlichen aus der Spurführung, den bewegten Massen, Geometrien und aus der Federungs- und Dämpfungscharakteristik des Fahrzeugs herrühren. Die Federungscharakteristik muss dabei weiter gefasst werden als nur auf die eigentlichen Federelemente des Drehgestells beschränkt. Auch die Steifigkeiten des Wagenkastens und weitere Steifigkeiten innerhalb der Drehgestelle können eine Rolle spielen.
Bezüglich des Drehgestellrahmens wird dabei einem Aspekt bislang wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt – der Bewertung und Optimierung seiner Steifigkeiten und Gestaltung im Hinblick auf die lauftechnischen Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs. Inhalt der Arbeit ist die Auseinander-setzung mit dieser Thematik.
Den Untersuchungen liegt die repräsentative Ausführungsform eines Drehgestellrahmens in Doppel-H-Form mit 2 Langträgern und 2 Querträgern zu Grunde. Mit Hilfe eines Stabmodells, welches diese Rahmenform nachbildet, werden Berechnungsformeln für die maßgeblichen Steifigkeiten des Drehgestellrahmens aufgestellt.
Durch Parametervariationen am Rechenmodell wird gezeigt, wie sich die Steifigkeitseigenschaften des Drehgestellrahmens durch andere Geometrien, Trägerquerschnitte oder Werkstoffe verändern. Es zeigt sich, dass die Rahmensteifigkeiten selbst in verhältnismäßig großen Wertebereichen variieren können. Da für die lauftechnische Bewertung die Steifigkeiten des Drehgestellrahmens nicht isoliert zu betrachten sind, sondern in Reihenschaltung zu den verhältnismäßig geringen Primärfedersteifigkeiten, relativiert sich diese Aussage.
An Hand statischer und dynamischer lauftechnischer Kenngrößen werden die Auswirkungen der Rahmensteifigkeiten auf das lauftechnische Verhalten des Schienenfahrzeugs untersucht. Dafür werden vereinfachende Rechenmodelle aufgestellt bzw. ein existierendes Mehrkörper-Simulationsprogramm genutzt, womit die gesuchten Werteverläufe bestimmt werden.
Die Wirkung der Drehgestellrahmensteifigkeiten kann danach in unerwünschte, parasitäre Steifigkeiten und erwünschte Steifigkeiten unterschieden werden.
Zu den parasitären Steifigkeiten des Drehgestellrahmens zählen die Biegesteifigkeiten vertikal und quer sowie die Schersteifigkeit. Hier sind bei der Auslegung ausreichend hohe Werte anzustreben. Andernfalls verschlechtern sich Kennziffern wie der Neigungskoeffizient, die kri-tische Geschwindigkeit und das Vertikalschwingverhalten der primär abgefederten Masse. Die Verwindungssteifigkeit des Rahmens wirkt als erwünschte Steifigkeit positiv auf das lauftechnische Verhalten. Mit kleinen Werten kann die Sicherheit gegen Entgleisen in Gleisver-windungen signifikant verbessert werden.
Die gegensinnige Längssteifigkeit des Rahmens würde bei sehr niedrigen Werten den erwünschten Effekt haben, die Führungskräfte im Bogen zu reduzieren. Gleichzeitig ginge dies aber zu Lasten der kritischen Geschwindigkeit, da diese Steifigkeit dort als parasitäre Steifigkeit wirkt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen allerdings, dass die für diese beiden Effekte erforderlichen kleinen Wertebereiche mit dem ausgewählten Rahmentyp nicht erreicht werden.
Weiterhin wird der Einfluss der Drehgestellrahmenmasse untersucht. Durch Werkstoffauswahl und Bauweise können hier Veränderungen erzielt werden. Eine niedrige Rahmenmasse begünstigt das vertikale Schwingungsverhalten und verbessert zusammen mit niedrigen Massenträgheitsmomenten die kritische Geschwindigkeit.
Kleine Werte bei den erwünschten Steifigkeiten und hohe Werte bei den parasitären Steifigkeiten bei gleichzeitig niedriger Masse sind in der konventionellen Rahmenbauweise schwer vereinbar. Aus diesem Grund wird abschließend ein masse- und steifigkeitsoptimierter Dreh-gestellrahmen vorgeschlagen, der diesen Auslegungskonflikt auflösen kann. Die überschläglich kalkulierten Werte für die Steifigkeiten und die Rahmenmasse bestätigen die Vorteile des Konzepts.
Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen belegen, dass es sinnvoll und zweckmäßig ist, die Steifigkeitsparameter des Drehgestellrahmens bereits in der Entwurfsphase des Fahrzeugs zu analysieren und ggf. einer Optimierung zu unterziehen. Mit den vorgestellten Berechnungs-werkzeugen wird eine geeignete und zeitsparende Möglichkeit dafür aufgezeigt.
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Masmoudi, Héla. "La résolution distribuée dans les communautés Open Source : propriétés organisationnelles et modes de coordination." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/10709.
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Solet, Dimitry. "Systèmes embarqués temps réel fiables et adaptables." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4044.
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Les systèmes embarqués sont en charge de missions de plus en plus critiques qui impliquent qu’ils ne doivent pas avoir de défaillance. Il est donc nécessaire de mettre en œuvre des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes permettant de détecter les fautes et ainsi pouvoir rétablir le système. Dans ces travaux, on propose de mettre en œuvre un mécanisme de détection des erreurs qui surviennent au niveau du logiciel. Ce mécanisme est basé sur l’implémentation d’un service de vérification en ligne. L’architecture matérielle du système est un système sur puce qui intègre un microcontrôleur et un circuit logique programmable. Le programme est instrumenté afin de transmettre, vers le circuit logique, les informations adéquates sur son exécution. Des moniteurs, synthétisés sur le circuit logique à partir de propriétés à vérifier, donnent un verdict sur l’exécution du programme. Une implémentation de ce mécanisme est réalisée pour la surveillance d’un système d’exploitation temps réel. Enfin une campagne d’injection de fautes est effectuée afin d’évaluer les performances du mécanisme de détectionEmbedded systems are in charge of critical missions which imply that they should not have any failure. Thus, it is necessary to implement fault-tolerance mechanisms in order to detect faults and restore the system. In this work, we propose to implement a mechanism to detect errors that occur in the program. This mechanism is based on the implementation of a runtime verification service. The system is a system-on-chip that integrates a microcontroller and a programmable logic circuit. The program is instrumented in order to transmit, to the logic circuit, the adequate information on its execution. Monitors are synthesized on the circuit logic from properties to verify. An implementation of this mechanism is realized to monitor a real-time operating system. Finally, a fault injection campaign is used to evaluate the performance of the detection mechanism
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Boggs, Shelly R. "Woodhull, a play by Shelly R. Boggs." Ohio Dominican University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=odu1385049307.
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Bogner, Christina [Verfasser]. "Analysis of flow patterns and flow mechanisms in soils / Christina Bogner." Bayreuth : Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997214058/34.
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Bodensteiner, Christoph. "Röntgenbasierte Bildgebung mittels eines roboterisierten C-Bogen-Systems." Lübeck Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2010. http://d-nb.info/100185876X/34.
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Hornik, Paulina. "Prymat Boga-Miłości w ujęciu św. Jana od Krzyża." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/6385.
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The present thesis is the result of research over connection which exist between God
and love, more specifically connection between the primacy of God in the context of the
love’s leading role in human life, in the light of the doctrine of the Carmelite Doctor of the
Church, St. John of the Cross. Both these realities: God and love are standing in the center of
the Christian faith and hence also of theology.
The aim of this dissertation is to expose close relation between God and love, based on
the writings of St. John of the Cross. This connection is fundamental for proper image of both
- God and love. When writing about love, the 16th-century Mystic means always one reality,
although it appears in his work under different names - amor, dilectio, caridad, passion. For
the Spanish Saint, God is the measure of love, not the other way round. This approach
protects love from limited or incorrect understanding. Pope Benedict XVI says in his
Encyclical Caritas in veritate, in the face „of the ways in which charity has been and
continues to be misconstrued and emptied of meaning, with the consequent risk of being
misinterpreted, detached from ethical living and, in any event, undervalued” (Caritas in
veritate 2).
Therefore, the basic question of the dissertation is - whether the choice of God is also
the choice of love. And vice versa - is the actual choice of love also the choice of God? And
if so, what makes this compatibility, what a common identity of these choices depends on? In
other words: how deep does the relation of God and love go (in God himself and in the
practical aspects of Christian life)? The thesis is composed of three chapters, the first two are
constructed on the basis of the known Sanjuanistic binomium todo/nada, while chapter three
is theirs extension and, as it were, their complement. According to St. John of the Cross, to
become full of God, or to fill oneself with God (Todo) and everything that comes from Him,
it’s necessary to become empty, get rid of everything what isn’t God (nada). A rich
topography of the writings of St. John of the Cross includes both - the valleys of the dark
night and the lofty peaks of the living flame of love. This allows us to look at the phenomenon
of love from different and complementary perspectives.
Based on these fragments of the writings of St. Jon of the Cross in which the subject of
God is related to that of love, the author is trying to provide that: 1) this is God, who reign in
the human heart only through love (in other words - love is the consequence of the reign of
God), 2) that the choice of love implies the choice of God - where love prevails, God is the
winner. Therefore, love is presented as the surest guide on the way to God, the only means to
unite with Him. A cry for the primacy of God is for St. John of the Cross a cry for the primacy
of love, as according to him will be judged on it, he says, „in the evening” (D 50), that is, at
the end of the day, work, other projects and whole life.
In the view of St. John, no man can understand oneself to the end other than in
a constitutive for him relation to God, his Creator and Savior. Without radical adherence to
God through love, the man remains incomplete, that is to say, one doesn’t reach one’s
perfection and full personal development. Love is the end of the soul, its fulfillment, „the aim
of the soul is love”.
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Snopek, Krzysztof. "Inversion of gravity data with application to density modeling of the Hellenic subduction zone." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975790056.
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Boglea, Andrei [Verfasser]. "Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics Using Local Laser Beam Modulation / Andrei Boglea." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1050345991/34.
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Philliskirk, Ben. "'Bogged down in housing' : politics and planning in residential Leeds, 1954-1979." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17765/.
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This thesis addresses several themes relating to politics and planning processes and their effect on residential areas of post-war Leeds. As such, it examines the extent to which Leeds’ political leadership and council bureaucracy were pursuing a ‘modernisation project’ in the post-war period, asks if policy changed from an ambitious attempt to reshape Leeds’ residential environment to the aim of managing selected ‘problem’ areas, and questions whether popular organisations were concerned mainly with defending ‘traditional’ communities and ways of life, or if they had a more positive aim of achieving greater control over the built environment. In relation to this, it considers how much the council bureaucrats, local politicians and community groups were constrained by political, economic, organisational and technical issues. Ultimately, one of the central features of this thesis is how housing issues in Leeds went from a relatively consensual political approach with extensive technocratic guidance and little popular involvement, to a situation by the end of the 1970s where numerous grass-roots organisations were demanding a say in housing policy, party-political divisions were an increased feature and the council had become more exasperated at the resources, guidance and management it was receiving from central government. This is linked to concepts of ‘collective consumption’ and the relationships between citizens and the state, producing conclusions that suggest that an inability to achieve broader political influence over changes to the residential environment effectively encouraged a retreat to the pursuit of more individual solutions and the frustration of collective aims.
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Boger, Klaus [Verfasser]. "Streuung heisser Elektronen an Adatomen auf Metalloberflächen / Klaus Boger." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1172615950/34.
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Wright, Allan. "Frank Zappa's orchestral works art music or "bogus pomp"? /." Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/492/.
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Walker, Robert John. "Lilburn W. Boggs and the Case for Jacksonian Democracy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2910.
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Lilburn W. Boggs and the Case for Jacksonian Democracy Robert John Walker Department of Religion, BYU Masters of Religious Education Lilburn W. Boggs was lieutenant governor of Missouri from 1832 to 1836. He was governor of Missouri from 1836 to 1840. Political upheaval was the order of the day as Jacksonian democrats overthrew, through the power of the ballot box, the establishment of the patrician leadership in the United States. Issues of equity, slavery, religion, settlement of the West, and divisive sectionalism threatened the Union of the states. President Andrew Jackson was the representation of the common man and the enemy of the monied oligarchy that assumed the right to rule the common people. Jackson's leadership enabled a powerful change in party politics as he became the charismatic figurehead of the Jacksonian Democratic Party. Boggs was a protégé of Thomas Hart Bennett, the powerful ally of Jackson and leading senator from Missouri. Boggs, beginning as a young man, rode the coattails of Benton right into the governor's mansion in Columbia, Missouri. This thesis examines Boggs' life and political career to ascertain whether or not he was truly a Jackson man as he represented himself to be to the electorate.
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Jourdan, Jacques-Henri. "Verasco : a Formally Verified C Static Analyzer." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC021.
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Afin de développer des logiciels plus sûrs pour des applications critiques, certains analyseurs statiques tentent d'établir, avec une certitude mathématique, l'absence de certains types de bugs dans un programme donné. Une limite possible à cette approche est l'éventualité d'un bug affectant la correction de l'analyseur lui-même, éliminant ainsi les garanties qu'il est censé apporter. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'établir des garanties formelles sur l'analyseur lui-même : nous présentons la conception, l'implantation et la preuve de sûreté en Coq de Verasco, un analyseur statique formellement vérifié utilisant l'interprétation abstraite pour le langage ISO C99 avec l'arithmétique flottante IEEE754 (à l'exception de la récursion et de l'allocation dynamique de mémoire). Verasco a pour but d'établir l'absence d'erreur à l'exécution des programmes donnés. Il est conçu selon une architecture modulaire et extensible contenant plusieurs domaines abstraits et des interfaces bien spécifiées. Nous détaillons le fonctionnement de l'itérateur abstrait de Verasco, son traitement des entiers bornés de la machine, son domaine abstrait d'intervalles, son domaine abstrait symbolique et son domaine abstrait d'octogones. Verasco a donné lieu au développement de nouvelles techniques pour implémenter des structures de données avec partage dans CoqIn order to develop safer software for critical applications, some static analyzers aim at establishing, with mathematical certitude, the absence of some classes of bug in the input program. A possible limit to this approach is the possibility of a soundness bug in the static analyzer itself, which would nullify the guarantees it is supposed to deliver. In this thesis, we propose to establish formal guarantees on the static analyzer itself: we present the design, implementation and proof of soundness using Coq of Verasco, a formally verified static analyzer based on abstract interpretation handling most of the ISO C99 language, including IEEE754 floating-point arithmetic (except recursion and dynamic memory allocation). Verasco aims at establishing the absence of erroneous behavior of the given programs. It enjoys a modular extendable architecture with several abstract domains and well-specified interfaces. We present the abstract iterator of Verasco, its handling of bounded machine arithmetic, its interval abstract domain, its symbolic abstract domain and its abstract domain of octagons. Verasco led to the development of new techniques for implementing data structure with sharing in Coq
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Fullaondo, Elordui-Zapaterietxe Arkaitz. "Inserción y lógica residencial de la inmigración extranjera en la ciudad. El caso de Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6131.
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El principal objetivo de esta tesis la determinación de la lógica del proceso de inserción residencial de la inmigración extranjera en la ciudad de Barcelona. La investigación se deriva de la búsqueda de respuesta a dos preguntas,· ¿Por qué diferentes colectivos de población inmigrante se localizan de forma diferente en la ciudad?
· ¿Es el contexto urbano estructural de acogida el que determina la localización residencial o lo son, por el contrario, las relaciones e interacciones sociales entre los propios inmigrantes y/o con la sociedad de acogida?
Como se desprende de estas dos preguntas generales, a la vez que complejas, en este trabajo de investigación buscamos conocer las razones que pueden explicar la diversidad de localizaciones residenciales de unos grupos poblacionales similares (por ser grupos de inmigración) a la vez que diferentes (por sus características propias). Así, lo largo de la investigación hemos determinado los factores explicativos de esta diversidad locacional, a saber, los atributos de la estructura socio-residencial de Barcelona, el origen del colectivo, su nivel de cualificacón, su capital humano, su capital social, etc. Todos los análisis, tanto los cuantitativos como los cualitativos, han sido realizados en base a esta perspectiva, con el fin de conocer cuál de estas variables es la discriminante y explicativa de la diversidad de localizaciones residenciales de la inmigración en la ciudad. Además, este análisis lo hemos hecho partiendo de una hipótesis de trabajo, a modo de marco conceptual, donde hemos definido un proceso de inserción residencial teórico.
A este respecto una de las principales conclusiones ha sido justamente la definición de un modelo de inserción residencial de la inmigración en la ciudad de Barcelona. El modelo se fundamenta, por una parte, en la definición del propio proceso de inserción residencial y, por otra, en la comprensión y conocimiento de los fundamentos lógicos del comportamiento de dicho proceso social. La definición de este modelo viene a confirmar nuestra hipótesis de investigación sobre el proceso de inserción residencial, basado en una trayectoria residencial por etapas en la que interviene diversos factores estructurales del contexto urbano de acogida y elementos característicos de cada proceso migratorio.
Por otra parte, la definición del proceso lógico de inserción residencial nos ha permitido, igualmente, poder determinar la transformación del espacio socio-residencial que ha generado el intenso proceso migratorio en Barcelona. A través del análisis, determinación y comprensión de los diferentes modelos de segregación, pautas residenciales, grados y tipos de relación con el espacio-socio residencial junto con aspectos cualitativos de los atributos de los diferentes colectivos de inmigrantes, hemos llegado a definir el impacto transformador que la segregación étnica ha supuesto para la estructura socio-residencial de Barcelona. El resultado ha sido la configuración de un espacio social urbano basado en una estratificación socio-étnica y cualitativamente diferenciada de la estratificación social que caracterizaba a la ciudad antes del proceso migratorio. Este resultado también confirma uno de los principales elementos de nuestra hipótesis de trabajo: la dinámica transformadora del proceso migratorio y su influencia en la generación de un nuevo contexto socio-residencial de acogida.
Por otra parte, la estratégica metodológica basada en la combinación e integración de la perspectiva cuantitativa y cualitativa, que ha sido empleada en la investigación, ha permitido determinar la influencia de la segregación sociológica sobre la segregación geográfica de la inmigración. La importancia de la definición de esta relación es muy significativa y representa una de las principales aportaciones originales de esta investigación, en tanto que muestra la importancia de los aspectos sociológicos de la inmigración como posibles determinantes de los diferentes modelos de segregación residencial, lo que permite tener un conocimiento mucho más integral de las causas que generan la segregación étnica en la ciudad. Es preciso señalar, en todo caso, que este tipo de aproximación no es muy común en estudios como el que aquí se adelanta, en donde se suelen estudiar por separado los aspectos sociológicos y los geográficos.
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Bogner, Lea [Verfasser]. "Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics after Optical Excitation of Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Systems / Lea Bogner." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080171215/34.
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