Journal articles on the topic 'Body weight Measurement Evaluation'
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Górniak, Wanda, Martyna Wieliczko, Maria Soroko, and Mariusz Korczyński. "Evaluation of the Accuracy of Horse Body Weight Estimation Methods." Animals 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101750.
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Methods of estimating horse body weight using mathematical formulae have better accuracy than methods of reading body weight from measuring tape. The aim of the study was to evaluate established formulae for estimating horse body weight from data gathered using measurement tape. The research was conducted in a group of 299 adult horses and ponies of selected breeds: ponies (n = 58), Polish Noble Half Breed (n = 150), Silesian Breed (n = 23), Wielkopolski Breed (n = 52), and Thoroughbred (n = 16). Body measurements were performed on each horse using a measuring stick and tape. The actual body weight of the horses was measured with electronic scale. Statistical analysis was carried out separately for individual breeds of horses. In each of the research groups formulae were selected, the results of which were closest to the actual horse body weight readings. The use of formulae for body weight estimation can be useful in determining feed dosages and additives, medicines or deworming agents. Regular weight measurement is important for maintaining a healthy horse.
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Bott, Thomas Sebastian, Thekla von Kalle, Alexander Schilling, Oliver Heinz Diez, Sarah Besch, Ulrike Mehlig, Svetlana Hetjens, Lucas Wessel, and Steffan Loff. "Esophageal Diameters in Children Correlated to Body Weight." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 06 (November 26, 2018): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675776.
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Introduction The development of stenoses after correction of an esophageal atresia or acid and lye burn of the esophagus are well-known problems in pediatric surgery. Currently, stenoses are treated in the majority of cases by repeated balloon dilatations. The diameter of the balloons used is not standardized; standard curves do not exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus correlated to the body weight of the children as measured in upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies to answer the important question to what extent a stenosis should be dilated. Materials and Methods Within the time period from 2011 through 2016, 60 patients with upper GI studies were selected. Evaluations were blinded to two different examiners. The diameters were measured under maximum contrast filling between the second and third rib (cranial point of measurement) and between the seventh and eighth rib (caudal point of measurement). For both, the anteroposterior and lateral aspect was examined. The diameter was calculated as the arithmetic average of both measurements within one level. The diameters were correlated to the weight of the children. Results All children (n = 38) within the 3rd to 97th weight percentile were analyzed. Linear correlation and coefficients of 0.67 at the cranial point and 0.70 at the caudal point were found. Mean diameter at the cranial point of measurement was 6.75 mm at the lowest weight (2.6 kg) and 14 mm at 74 kg. Mean weight of these children (standard deviation [SD]) was 25.3 (18.8) kg and median age was 7 years. Within weight groups (0–10 kg; 10–20 kg; 20–35 kg; 35–50 kg; >50 kg), we calculated SD and two side tested critical 95% confidence interval for all measurements (n = 74). Conclusion Although the variation in measurements is considerable, this evaluation gives a reliable hint to which extent esophageal stenoses should be dilated in relation to the body weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus in children in relation to the body weight.
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Evans, Richard, Jennifer Burns, Laura Damschroder, Ann Annis, Michelle B. Freitag, Susan Raffa, and Wyndy Wiitala. "Deriving Weight From Big Data: Comparison of Body Weight Measurement–Cleaning Algorithms." JMIR Medical Informatics 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): e30328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30328.
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Background Patient body weight is a frequently used measure in biomedical studies, yet there are no standard methods for processing and cleaning weight data. Conflicting documentation on constructing body weight measurements presents challenges for research and program evaluation. Objective In this study, we aim to describe and compare methods for extracting and cleaning weight data from electronic health record databases to develop guidelines for standardized approaches that promote reproducibility. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies published from 2008 to 2018 that used Veterans Health Administration electronic health record weight data and documented the algorithms for constructing patient weight. We applied these algorithms to a cohort of veterans with at least one primary care visit in 2016. The resulting weight measures were compared at the patient and site levels. Results We identified 496 studies and included 62 (12.5%) that used weight as an outcome. Approximately 48% (27/62) included a replicable algorithm. Algorithms varied from cutoffs of implausible weights to complex models using measures within patients over time. We found differences in the number of weight values after applying the algorithms (71,961/1,175,995, 6.12% to 1,175,177/1,175,995, 99.93% of raw data) but little difference in average weights across methods (93.3, SD 21.0 kg to 94.8, SD 21.8 kg). The percentage of patients with at least 5% weight loss over 1 year ranged from 9.37% (4933/52,642) to 13.99% (3355/23,987). Conclusions Contrasting algorithms provide similar results and, in some cases, the results are not different from using raw, unprocessed data despite algorithm complexity. Studies using point estimates of weight may benefit from a simple cleaning rule based on cutoffs of implausible values; however, research questions involving weight trajectories and other, more complex scenarios may benefit from a more nuanced algorithm that considers all available weight data.
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Cabrera, Angélica María Zuluaga, and Nathalia María Del Pilar Correa Valencia. "Erratum: Body fat evaluation in Colombian Paso horses." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 58 (October 21, 2021): e189449. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2021.189449.
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The body condition score (BCS) is insufficient in determining the amount of body fat in horses, thus defining obesity. Measurement of the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) by ultrasonography should be considered as an appropriate method in the definition of fat distribution at different body locations in horses. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) characterize the SFT in three different anatomical locations (i.e. neck, lumbar region, and gluteal region); 2) evaluate the relationship between BCS and SFT; 3) determine the influence of gender, weight, age, and gait on BCS and SFT measurements, and 4) explore the agreement between the morphometric measurements [i.e. body mass index (BMI), girth circumference: height at withers ratio (GC: HW), neck circumference: height at withers ratio (NC: HW)], and BCS and SFT in a population of Colombian Paso Horses (CPHs). The Henneke’s body condition scoring was applied to 69 adult CPHs, selected using a convenience sampling. Additionally, BMI, GC: HW, and NC: HW were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated by ultrasound measurement of the SFT in the neck, lumbar region, and gluteal region. The BF% in the CPHs was 6.4 ± 1.1. The GC: HW, NC: HW, and BMI were not predictors of the BF% or BCS, and neither gender nor gait was decisive in the definition of fattening in the study animals, although age and weight were determining variables. According to our results, ultrasound is an adequate tool to calculate the BF% of the CPHs. However, it must be accompanied by Henneke’s BCS assessment.
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Stringer, Elizabeth M., Michael K. Stoskopf, Theodore Simons, Allan F. O'Connell, and Arielle Waldstein. "Ultrasonic Measurement of Body Fat as a Means of Assessing Body Condition in Free-Ranging Raccoons (Procyon lotor)." International Journal of Zoology 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/972380.
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Assessment of body condition of free-ranging animals is important when evaluating population health and fitness. The following study used body condition scoring, ultrasound, and dissected physical measurement to assess fat stores in free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor). Measurements were taken of subcutaneous fat at interscapular, thoracolumbar, and lumbosacral paraspinal and ventral midline sites. These measurements were examined in relationship to body condition scores and body weight. The ultrasound technique accurately measured the subcutaneous fat of raccoons when compared to dissected physical measurement and yielded data that strongly correlated with both body condition score and body weight, with the ventral midline measurement most strongly correlated. This noninvasive method may be useful in conjunction with body condition score and body weight when assessing the nutritional status of raccoons and potentially other small carnivore species.
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Zuluaga Cabrera, Angélica María, and Nathalia María Del Pilar Correa Valencia. "Body fat evaluation in Colombian Paso horses: body condition score and morphometric and ultrasound measurements." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 57, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): e171082. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.171082.
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The body condition score (BCS) is insufficient in determining the amount of body fat in horses, thus defining obesity. Measurement of the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) by ultrasonography should be considered as an appropriate method in the definition of fat distribution at different body locations in horses. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) characterize the SFT in three different anatomical locations (i.e. neck, lumbar region, and gluteal region); 2) evaluate the relationship between BCS and SFT; 3) determine the influence of gender, weight, age, and gait on BCS and SFT measurements, and 4) explore the agreement between the morphometric measurements [i.e. body mass index (BMI), girth circumference: height at withers ratio (GC: HW), neck circumference: height at withers ratio (NC: HW)], and BCS and SFT in a population of Colombian Paso Horses (CPHs). The Henneke’s body condition scoring was applied to 69 adult CPHs,selected using a convenience sampling. Additionally, BMI, GC: HW, and NC: HW were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated by ultrasound measurement of the SFT in the neck, lumbar region, and gluteal region. The BF% in the CPHs was 6.4 ± 1.1. The GC: HW, NC: HW, and BMI were not predictors of the BF% or BCS, and neither gender nor gait was decisive in the definition of fattening in the study animals, although age and weight were determining variables. According to our results, ultrasound is an adequate tool to calculate the BF% of the CPHs. However, it must be accompanied by Henneke’s BCS assessment.
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SHINMURA, Yasunori, and Jiro SAKAMOTO. "212 Improvement of Measurement System of Body Segment Weight and Its Evaluation." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2001.38 (2001): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2001.38.59.
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Sireeratawong, Seewaboon, Supaporn Vannasiri, Urarat Nanna, Tipaya Singhalak, and Kanjana Jaijoy. "Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Toxicities of the Water Extract from Ziziphus attopensis Pierre." ISRN Pharmacology 2012 (March 20, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/789651.
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We studied an acute and chronic oral toxicity of the extract from Ziziphus attopensis (ZA) in male and female SD rats according to the OECD guidelines. After a single oral administration of ZA 5 g/kg body weight, measurement of the body and organs, necropsy, and health monitoring were performed. The body and organ weights and behavior were not changed relative to the control rats indicating that ZA does not produce acute toxicity. The chronic toxicity was determined by oral feeding both male and female rats daily with ZA at the doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 g/kg body weight for 180 days. Body weight changes, hematological and biochemical parameters, organ weights, gross finding, and histopathology examination were monitored during the experimental period. The results did not show any differences from the control groups. Analyses of these results with the information of signs, behavior, and health monitoring can lead to a conclusion that the long-term oral administration of ZA for 180 days does not cause chronic toxicity.
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Mulkalwar, Sarita, Tanya Gupta, Vishwanath Kulkarni, A. V. Tilak, B. T. Rane, and Anita Barde. "Evaluation of voglibose on body weight in rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 6 (May 23, 2019): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192178.
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Background: As of 2018, 2.1 billion people nearly 30% of the world’s population are either obese or overweight. Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. It is an emerging health problem with major adverse effects on health. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases but is best known for its role in metabolic syndrome, which can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as cardiovascular diseases. Anti-obesity drugs are available but have many side effects. Voglibose, an antidiabetic drug, is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor which shows promising results in the reduction of body weight with minimal side effects.Methods: Voglibose (7 mg/kg) was administered to rats fed with normal laboratory chows and high fat diet to see its effect on body weight, body mass index, abdominal and thoracic circumference, and lipid profile at the end of 12 weeks.Results: Administration of voglibose significantly reduced food consumption, feed efficiency and increase in body weight induced by high fat diet in rats. Rats fed on normal diet also showed reductions in the same parameters, suggesting its weight lowering effect. Reductions in the anthropometric measurements, hypolipidemic effects and glucose lowering effects were also observed.Conclusions: Voglibose prevented high fat diet-induced obesity and improvement in metabolic profile, which ultimately has systemic effects on body weight in rats. Further studies are needed to see its potential therapeutic use in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related complications.
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Hu, Zhi Hong, and Hua Qian Yang. "A Design and Realization on Quantitative Measurement and Evaluation System for Teaching Effectiveness in Middle and Primary School." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1430.
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According to China's traditional teachers’ quantitative evaluation ideas and experiences about their education teaching effectiveness, learning from advanced measurement concepts and models home and abroad, to design an open, scientific quantitative evaluation system for the teachers’ teaching effectiveness. The measurement indicators, the evaluation main body of the System and its weight in the process of measurement can be for different objects to customize settings.
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Fernandes, Arthur Francisco Araujo, Erika R. de Alvarenga, Tiago L. Passafaro, Fernando B. lopes, Gabriel F. O. Alves, Vikas Singh, and Eduardo M. Turra. "PSII-6 Deep Learning image segmentation for extraction of body measurements and prediction of body weight in Nile tilapia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.480.
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Abstract Individual measurement of traits of interest is of great importance for breeding and management decisions in animal production systems. However, measurements are often taken manually, which is laborious and also stressful for the animals. Therefore, the development of fast, precise and indirect measurement methods is paramount. An appealing way for such a task is through computer vision systems (CVS). Hence, the objectives of the current work were: 1) Devise a CVS for autonomous measurement of Nile tilapia body area, length, height, and eccentricity; and 2) Evaluation of linear models for prediction of body weight (BW). The pixels of 822 RGB images of live fish were labeled into background, fish fins or body using the “MTurk” crowdsourcing service. This dataset was then split into training (60% of data) and testing sets for the development of Deep Learning Networks for image segmentation into the three pixel categories. The networks differed in input image size (10 to 40% of original size) and number of encoder/decoder layer stacks (1 to 5). An independent dataset with 831 images was used for validation of the linear predictive models. The results for intersection over union (IoU) show that a network with input of 20% of the original size and 4 encoder/decoder stacks achieved the best results, with IoU on the test dataset of 99, 90 and 64% for background, fish body and fin, respectively (Figure 1). Predicted segmentation from this network on randomly selected images is shown in Figure 2. From the linear models evaluated, the one considering only area as input showed predicted R2 of 0.92 for fish BW (Table 1). In conclusion, the devised CVS was able to correctly separate fish body from background and fins, and a linear model using fish body area as input provided good predictive quality of Nile tilapia BW.
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van Marle-Köster, E., B. E. Mostert, and J. van der Westhuizen. "Body measurements as selection criteria for growth in South African hereford cattle." Archives Animal Breeding 43, no. 1 (October 10, 2000): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-43-5-2000.
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Abstract. Birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW) and seven body measurements (cannon bone length at birth (CB); hip height at weaning (HHW); hip height at yearling (HHY); body length at weaning (BLW); body length at yearling (BLY); scrotum circumference at weaning (SCW) and scrotum circumference at yearling (SCY), measured in a Hereford stud (1497 animals) over a period of 19 years, were used in estimating genetic (co)variances, heritabilities and correlations. Nine different multitrait animal model evaluations were carried out whereby (co)variance components were estimated using the REML VCE 3.0 package. Estimates from different evaluations were pooled, weighing each estimate by the inverse of the sampling variance to calculate weighted mean variance ratios among the different traits. Generally, structural traits tended to have lower heritability estimates (CB = 0.24; HHW = 0.28; HHY = 0.33; BLW = 0.22; BLY= 0.14 ) when compared with literature values , while estimates for production traits compared well with estimates reported for the South African National Evaluation. Weights and linear body measurements were positively correlated (0.4−0.9). Negative correlations were found for scrotum, circumference at weaning and yearling with BW and CB respectively. SCW and BW: −0.54; SCY and BW: −0.65; SCW and CB: −0.66; SCY and CB: −.58. It is concluded that CB could serve as an early indicator of mature size and weights at different ages.
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OMEJE, S. I., S. O. ALAKU, B. I. ODO, and K. I. EMEHELU. "EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM DIFFERENT DAMS SERVED BY SAME BULKL." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i1.1897.
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The growth performance of seve calves from different Mutura dams served by same bull was studied in a mini cattle ranch. Body measurements were taken and observed for growth over a period of 12 months. The result indicates an apparaent difference among the calves in all parameters measured including body weight, body length, height at withers and heratgirth. Growth rate also showed increased differences among the experimental calves. The birth weights of the seven calves ranged from 9.8 to 13.0kg, with a mean value of 11.42+0.44 while the yearling weights were between 107.80 and 129.48kg with an overall mean of 120.57+2.44. The coefficients of variation for body weight at birth and at 12 monthys were 10.16 and 5.36% respectively. The results further revealed that body weight at yearling age correlated positively with all parameters and these include body length (r=0.81889, r2 = 67.09), height at withers (r=0.8837, r2=78.09). Similarly, body length had a positive correlation with height at withers (r=0.9667, r2=93.45) and heartgirth (r=0.8782, r2=77.13). White height at withers correlated positively with heartgirth (r=0.9291, r2=86.42). Similar trends were obtained in the regression of each of the body measurements on the other in which body weight changes depended more on those of body length (0.56) than on heartgirth (0.34). Judging from the observed variations existing among the individual calves resulting from the different cows at birth and at 12 months of age, maternal rather than paternal influences appeared to be more important in the traits studied.
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Zhu, Yuetong, Zimin Wang, Hitoshi Maruyama, Ko Onoda, and Qiuchen Huang. "Body Fat Percentage and Normal-Weight Obesity in the Chinese Population: Development of a Simple Evaluation Indicator Using Anthropometric Measurements." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074238.
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Few studies explore the associations between body fat percentage (BFP) prediction and evaluation indicators for Chinese with normal-weight obesity. We aimed to explore convenient and cost-free BFP evaluation indicators to routinely monitor BFP status in Chinese patients with normal-weight obesity. Participants (N = 164) were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) and BFP: normal-weight lean, normal-weight obese, and overweight and obese. Differences in body composition and circumference were compared to examine the relationship between BFP and circumference, determine a simple evaluation indicator reflecting BFP, and identify cutoff values for normal-weight obesity circumference. Significant differences in body composition and circumference were observed among the three groups. The correlation between thigh/height, hip/height, (hip + waist)/height, and BFP was stronger than that with BMI. The (hip + waist)/height ratio was the indicator most reflective of BFP (95% confidence interval: 3.004–9.018, p = 0.013), and a ratio above 1.115 (95% confidence interval: 0.936–0.992, p < 0.001) was predictive of normal-weight obesity. Furthermore, we suggest that the upper value for a normal BMI in Chinese individuals be lowered to 23.4 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval: 0.984–0.999, p < 0.001). The (hip + waist)/height ratio can be used with body mass index for a more accurate evaluations of BFP abnormalities and health risks.
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Koenen, E. P. C., and A. F. Groen. "Genetic Evaluation of Body Weight of Lactating Holstein Heifers Using Body Measurements and Conformation Traits." Journal of Dairy Science 81, no. 6 (June 1998): 1709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75738-8.
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Ha, Hyekyung, Jun Kyoung Lee, Ho Young Lee, Woo Suk Koh, Chang Seob Seo, Mi-Young Lee, Dae Sun Huang, and Hyeunkyoo Shin. "Safety Evaluation ofYukmijihwang-tang: Assessment of Acute and Subchronic Toxicity in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/672136.
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Yukmijihwang-tang(YMJ;Liu wei di huang tang(China),Rokumigan(Japan)) has been used in the treatment of diseases including renal disorder, cognitive vitality, and diabetes mellitus. However, there is very little information regarding the toxicity of YMJ to give an assurance of safety for clinical treatment. To provide safety information for YMJ, we evaluated its acute and sub-chronic toxicity in rats. The single-dose toxicity of YMJ was examined using Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with YMJ extract orally at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg body weight. After a single administration, clinical signs were observed every day for two weeks, and body weights were measured five times, including an initial measurement on day 1 (the day of administration). In the sub-chronic oral toxicity study, YMJ was administered to rats at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, and histological examination were monitored during the study period. We found no mortality and no abnormalities in clinical signs, body weights, and necropsy findings for any of the animals in the acute and sub-chronic studies following oral administration in the rat at up to 2000 mg/kg/day YMJ. YMJ may not have any single-dose toxicity; the LD50of YMJ was over 2000 mg/kg, and it is safe for rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was considered to be 2000 mg/kg/day.
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Hariyanto, Timotius I., and Andree Kurniawan. "Cachexia in Cancer Patients: Systematic Literature Review." Asian Journal of Oncology 06, no. 03 (June 13, 2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713701.
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Abstract Introduction Cachexia in cancer patients, especially in advanced stage, is recently known as an emerging problem. Cachexia occurs in about half of all patients with neoplastic disease. The diagnosis of cachexia needs comprehensive evaluation of body weight and body composition for several months. Cachexia will give negative impacts such as increased mortality, chemotoxicity, and decreased quality of life. Here, we review the current evidence describing the definition, stages, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in cancer patients. Methods We identified 75 studies and/or review articles evaluating cachexia and weight loss in cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases. Results Cachexia is reported across all stages and types of cancers. The most recent definition of cachexia is reported in a 2011 paper by International Consensus. The mechanism of cachexia in cancer is complex and involved many factors which elaborate together to produce cachexia. The diagnostic evaluation and cut-off measurement of cachexia, especially in cancer varied across studies. The loss of weight that happens during chemotherapy will make a poor prognosis. Cachexia can worsen chemotherapy toxicity. Combination of dietary modification and exercise with supplementation of medication that control appetite and inflammation are important in the management of cachexia in cancer patients. Conclusion Patients with cancer are the population at risk for developing cachexia before and after chemotherapy. Cachexia diagnosis needs evaluation of body weight and body composition. Nonpharmacological treatments, such as dietary modification and physical exercise, are the best strategy to reduce cachexia in cancer patients.
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Xia, Mingli, and Shuai Guo. "A Novel Evaluation Method of Static Balance Ability Based on Human Pelvic Center Measurement." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (September 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637963.
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This study evaluates the static balance ability of human body based on a lower limb rehabilitation robot. According to the balance parameters obtained from the movement trajectory of the center of human pelvis, SPSS statistical software was used to verify that there was a significant difference between the two groups ( p < 0.01 ). Principal component analysis is used to allocate the weight of each parameter and establish the comprehensive evaluation value. The comprehensive evaluation value of the control group was 0.383 ± 0.038, and the experimental group was 0.875 ± 0.136. When the subject’s comprehensive evaluation value is between 0.739 and 1.011, it indicates the presence of balance dysfunction, and when it is between 0.345 and 0.421, it indicates that the balance of the lower limbs of the subject is normal. Experimental results show that this evaluation method can objectively and quantitatively reflect the static equilibrium state of human body.
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Anggraeni, A., and P. Rowlinson. "Body weight and measurements of Holstein heifers under intensive management in Indonesia." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010292.
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Optimising heifer growth rates is an essential component of dairy replacement management in order to ensure sustainable heifer replacement stocks. Continuous evaluation of the growth pattern of heifers in a herd may be used to identify particular effects of nutritional management and the environment. Body weight is considered the most useful indicator of a heifer’s growth rate, both in practice and experiment work, along with body measurements reflecting the skeletal growth of heifer. The aims of this research are to investigate: 1) body trait : age relationships, 2) ratio of body measurements to body weight, and 3) to predict body weight based on body measurements of Holstein heifers in Indonesia.
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Nwaku, P. E., and M. O. Otuma. "Evaluation of early growth performance of backcross progenies from crossbred gilts mated with their native parents." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i2.898.
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The pre weaning growth performance of piglets from four different cross bred dams mated back to their native parents was studied in the Breeding and Research Farm of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Parameters like body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency as well as linear body measurements of body length, heart girth and height at withers were taken and observed for growth between birth and weaning age of eight weeks. Results Results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between the main backcross N x (N x LR) and the three other genotypes of N x (N x LW), N x (LR x N) and N x (LW x N) in all parameters. The mean birth weight of the progenies ranged from 1.00±0.60 to 1.60±5kg while the weaning weights were 10.5±0.4 to 16.0±1.0kg respectively. Results further revealed that body weight at weaning correlated responsively with all parameters and these include body length (r=0.858), heart girth (r= 0.446) and height at the withers (r= 0.946). Similarly, body length has a positive correlation with heart girth (r= 0.477) and height at the withers (r= 0.827) whereas hear girth correlated positively with the height at the withers (r= 0.494). Similar trend were obtained in the regression of each of the body measurements on the other in which bodyweight changes depended more on that of body length (0.86) than on heart girth (0.45). Judging from the observed variations existing among the piglets resulting from differnt crossbreed dams in their pre-weaning growth performance, maternal rather than paternal influences appeared to be more important in the traits studied.
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Kuziv, M. I. "External characteristics adults cows of ukrainian black and white dairy breed." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 74 (March 3, 2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7418.
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The results of the evaluation exterior of the animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the western region of Ukraine. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. Exterior animals was assessed by measurement of body articles. By value measurements calculated indices of body structure cows. Weight-size factor determined by the formula D.T. Vinnychuka and P.N. Merezhko. The results of research were treated by variational statistics G.F. Lakin. Adults cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed for exterior fit the type of dairy animals. Measurements body cows are: height at the withers – 135,6–136,5 depth of chest – 75,1–77,1 width chest – 46,2–48,6, chest girth for by shoulder – 197,0–201,2, oblique body length – 161,4–163,6 width in clubs – 54,5–57,2 girth metacarpus – 19,1–19,5 cm. By oblique trunk length and girth metacarpus, and in the «Milk River» farm Sokal offices and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» also for girth at breast for by blades are dominated by target parameters for the desired type of animal. By other body measurements investigated cows do not reach target parameters for the desired type of animal. Further breeding work with this array of animals should be directed to increase the linear dimensions of the body, with particular attention paid to the width of the chest. Indices body structure cows in farms of different characteristic type of dairy animals. Surround dimensions of the animals constituted 494,9–501,4 cm weight-size factor – 1,08–1,15. In cows of all farms the ratio of live weight and measurements body was typical for relatively stretched animals.
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Renon, Francesca, Anna Rago, Biagio Liccardo, Antonello D'Andrea, Lucia Riegler, Paolo Golino, Gerardo Nigro, and Vincenzo Russo. "Direct Oral Anticoagulants Plasma Levels Measurement: Clinical Usefulness from Trials and Real-World Data." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 47, no. 02 (February 26, 2021): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723770.
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AbstractMeasurement of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) activity is not routinely necessary. Indeed, evaluation of DOACs plasmatic concentration is discouraged for the majority of patients, due to the lack of outcome data supporting this approach. Nevertheless, DOAC measurements may be useful in emergency situations such as serious bleeding events, need for urgent invasive procedures, and acute ischemic stroke or in managing anticoagulation in “special populations” not adequately studied in clinical trials, for example the very elderly or those at the extremes of body weight. The aim of this review is to describe and summarize the methods for DOACs activity evaluation and the settings in which their plasma level measurement may be indicated, analyzing indications from scientific societies and evidence from clinical trials, as well as real world data on the usefulness of DOACs plasma levels “monitoring.”
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Abebe, Melese Shenkut. "Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Rhamnus prinoides Leaves on Histopathology of Liver, Kidney, and Brain Tissues, and Biochemical Profile of Rats." Journal of Toxicology 2023 (January 18, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3105615.
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Rhamnus prinoides is used as a traditional medicinal plant to treat pneumonia, sprain, gonorrhea, rheumatism, and ringworm infections as well as for the preparation of local beverages in Ethiopia. It has a widespread antioxidant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities are due to the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, flavones, phenols, and glycosides. This study aimed to investigate acute and subacute toxicity of R. prinoides leaves on histopathology of the liver, kidney, and brain tissues, and biochemical profiles of rats. For the acute toxicity study, female rats were treated with R. prinoides at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and followed-up for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, four groups of rats were used. The first three groups, respectively, received 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of R. prinoides extract and the fourth group was a control group. Signs of toxicity, food intake, and weight was recorded. At necropsy, organ weight measurement and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the liver, kidney, and brain were carried out. Different clinical chemistry profiles of rats were also measured. Single-dose oral administration of R. prinoides extract at 5000 mg/kg produced no mortality indicating the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. A four week administration of R. prinoides extract did not bring deleterious outcomes on the food consumption and weight gain of rats. Moreover, gross examination, histopathological evaluation, and weight measurement conducted on the liver, kidney, and brain did not reveal treatment related changes. The biochemical analysis showed no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Consumption of R. prinoides leaf for 4 weeks might not have a toxic effect in rats. However, further investigations upon long-term administration should be conducted to have a wider safety margin.
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Sá, Hemilly Cristina Menezes, Iran Borges, Gilberto De Lima Macedo Junior, Felipe Santiago Santos, Luigi Francis Lima Cavalcanti, Natália Ludmila Lins Lima, Flávio Augusto Pereira Alvarenga, and Luciana Freitas Guedes. "Evaluation of offspring of dairy sheep given water supplemented with crude glycerin during pregnancy and lactation." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4Supl1 (September 2, 2016): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2567.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin (CG) supplementation of dairy ewes during pregnancy and early lactation on the body weight and measurements of offspring from birth to weaning. Twenty-four lambs from 24 Lacaune x East Friesian genotype ewes were evaluated. The sheep were distributed in four treatments that differed in crude glycerin supplementation of 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%, as well as the concomitant adjustment of dry matter and water intake. Body measurements of lambs were recorded every two weeks from birth until weaning. Body weight was recorded daily. Multiple regression analysis revealed that supplementation with CG explained 5.2% of the variation in the weight of lambs at birth (LW), accompanied by the body condition score of the ewe (12.3%), sex of lamb (19.2%), and live weight of the ewes (26.5%); r2 was 63%. According to the predictions of the model adjusted for simulated scenarios, the leanest lambs were derived from ewes weighing between 40 and 50 kg, with body condition scores from 4 to 5, and that did not receive CG at intermediate levels. Heavier lambs, with LW above 5.5 kg, were derived from ewes that weighed between 80 to 90 kg with low body condition scores of 3, and that received 1.5% CG. Supplementation with CG between 2% and 4% improves the weight of the lambs at birth. Body measurements of lambs were not influenced by dietary supplementation of ewes with CG.
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Titova, O. N., N. N. Taran, T. V. Strokova, I. A. Matinyan, A. V. Keleynikoba, and E. V. Pavlovskaya. "Evaluation of the efficacy of using a mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 5 (2020): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-5-282-289.
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Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of using a semi-element mixture for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a body mass deficit with gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients and Methods: 27 children with CP aged from 2 to 18 years were examined. All children underwent the following tests: anthropometry (measurement of body weight and linear growth), measurement of the triceps and biceps skinfold thickness, shoulder circumference measurement, body composition estimation by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, calculation of basic energy demand indicators. A semi-elemental mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate with a high content of medium-chain triglycerides was used as nutritional supplementation. The diet therapy efficacy was evaluated after 6 months based on the analysis of the dynamics of anthropometric indicators and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: all children had a body mass deficit, in the structure of which the severe body mass deficit was 48.2%. The study of body composition components revealed a deficit of lean body mass, active cell mass, absolute and relative amounts of body fat mass, total and intracellular fluid. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mainly represented by disorders of bowel habit in the form of constipation (70.4% of cases), changes in appetite (reduced/selective hunger; 63% of cases) and flatulence (51.8%). When re-examined after 6 months, 44.4% of children’s body weight indicators reached the age norm during nutritional supplementation with a semi-elemental mixture. Body mass deficit of various degrees persisted in 15 (55.6%) patients, while severe body mass deficit — only in 6 (22.2%). The range of weight gain was from 0.5 to 8.4 kg. An increase in the shoulder muscles circumference indicates an increase in the somatic protein pool, which is confirmed by the analysis of the body component composition. An increase in the estimated value of the basic energy demand was registered. Gastrointestinal symptoms were stopped in 44.4% of cases, while constipation persisted in 15 (55.6%) children. Conclusion: the high efficiency of nutritional supplementation with the semi-elemental mixture in children with CP, body mass deficit and gastrointestinal symptoms is confirmed by the positive dynamics of anthropometric indicators and a decrease in the frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations. KEYWORDS: cerebral palsy, body mass deficit, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional supplementation, diet therapy, cow’s milk protein hydrolysate, semi-elemental mixture. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Taran N.N., Strokova T.V. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of using a mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):282–289. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2020-4-5-282-289.
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Daniels, Victoria C., Marcia H. Monaco, Mei Wang, Johanna Hirvonen, Henrik Max Jensen, Arthur C. Ouwehand, Ratna Mukherjea, Ryan N. Dilger, and Sharon M. Donovan. "Evaluation of 2’-Fucosyllactose and Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis on Growth, Organ Weights, and Intestinal Development of Piglets." Nutrients 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010199.
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Human milk is rich in oligosaccharides that influence intestinal development and serve as prebiotics for the infant gut microbiota. Probiotics and 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) added individually to infant formula have been shown to influence infant development, but less is known about the effects of their synbiotic administration. Herein, the impact of formula supplementation with 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26), or 2’-FL + Bi-26 on weight gain, organ weights, and intestinal development in piglets was investigated. Two-day-old piglets (n = 53) were randomized in a 2 × 2 design to be fed a commercial milk replacer ad libitum without (CON) or with 1.0 g/L 2’-FL. Piglets in each diet were further randomized to receive either glycerol stock alone or Bi-26 (109 CFU) orally once daily. Body weights and food intake were monitored from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 33/34. On PND 34/35, animals were euthanized and intestine, liver and brain weights were assessed. Intestinal samples were collected for morphological analyses and measurement of disaccharidase activity. Dry matter of cecum and colon contents and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis abundance by RT-PCR were also measured. All diets were well tolerated, and formula intake did not differ among the treatment groups. Daily body weights were affected by 2’-FL, Bi-26, and day, but no interaction was observed. There was a trend (p = 0.075) for greater total body weight gain in CON versus all other groups. Jejunal and ascending colon histomorphology were unaffected by treatment; however, there were main effects of 2’-FL to increase (p = 0.040) and Bi-26 to decrease (p = 0.001) ileal crypt depth. The addition of 2’-FL and/or Bi-26 to milk replacer supported piglet growth with no detrimental effects on body and organ weights, or intestinal structure and function.
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Rousset, Sylvie, Sébastien Médard, Gérard Fleury, Anthony Fardet, Olivier Goutet, and Philippe Lacomme. "Energy Intake Evaluation by a Learning Approach Using the Number of Food Portions and Body Weight." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102273.
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An accurate quantification of energy intake is critical; however, under-reporting is frequent. The aim of this study was to develop an indirect statistical method of the total energy intake estimation based on gender, weight, and the number of portions. The energy intake prediction was developed and evaluated for validity using energy expenditure. Subjects with various BMIs were recruited and assigned either in the training or the test group. The mean energy provided by a portion was evaluated by linear regression models from the training group. The absolute values of the error between the energy intake estimation and the energy expenditure measurement were calculated for each subject, by subgroup and for the whole group. The performance of the models was determined using the test dataset. As the number of portions is the only variable used in the model, the error was 26.5%. After adding body weight in the model, the error decreased to 8.8% and 10.8% for the normal-weight women and men, respectively, and 11.7% and 12.8% for the overweight women and men, respectively. The results prove that a statistical approach and knowledge of the usual number of portions and body weight is effective and sufficient to obtain a precise evaluation of energy intake after a simple and brief enquiry.
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Banach, Katarzyna, Paweł Glibowski, and Paulina Skorek. "Evaluation of the relationship between body composition and weight-height index – BMI." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (November 5, 2019): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5564.
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Aim: Body composition, especially the mass of adipose tissue, affects the risk of developing the metabolic and cardiovascular diseases as well as some cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body composition of adults and their Body Mass Index. Material/Methods: The study involved 120 subjects (69 women and 51 men) aged 19 – 66 (30.55 ± 10.41). The recruited subjects were assigned to three subgroups: with normal body weight, overweight and obesity, depending on the BMI value. There were 40 subjects in each subgroup, including 23 women and 17 men. Besides the measurements of height and body mass, the SECA mBCA515 analyser was applied for the body composition analysis using the bioelectric impedance method. Results: A significant association was found between the BMI index and fat mass, lean mass and muscle mass, both in the whole group and after taking into account the sex. The correlation coefficient R range was from –0.88 to 0.97. The incidence of obesity in the studied group according to body fat content criteria (>25% for men and >30% for women) was 57%, while according to BMI criteria –33%. BMI cut-off points for obesity were 27.8, 26.4 and 26.4 kg/m2 for men, women and for all, respectively. Conclusions: In epidemiological studies, to identify obese people, body fat should also be taken into account in addition to BMI. If obesity is understood as excess fat, and not excess weight, the cut-off points for BMI-based obesity should be lowered.
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Fadare, A. O., O. E. Idowu, and Q. A. Maroof. "Evaluation of growth traits in three strains of broiler chicken." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.81.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of Marshall, Cobb and Arbor acre strains of broiler chicken. A total number of three hundred (300) day-old broiler chicks of Arbor acre, Cobb and Marshall strains were raised under the same management condition. Data was obtained on the growth performance and analyzed. Cobb strain had the highest weight of 175.78 ± 2.51g at 2 weeks of age while Arbor acre and Marshall strain had similar (p>0.05) body weight at that age. Marshall had the highest body weight of 1804.37± 50.47g followed by Cobb with a weight of 1760.16 ±15.38g) while Arbor acre had the least body weight of 1683.43 ± 25.06g at 8weeks. Cobb strain had the highest body length (32.33 ± 0.10cm) at 8 weeks. All the strain studied had similar breast girth at 4 weeks. However, Marshall strain had the highest breast girth followed by Arbor acre while Cobb strain had the least breast girth at maturity. Marshall strain and Arbor acre had similar thigh lengths while the least thigh length was recorded for the Cobb strain. The effect of sex was significant (p<0.05) on all the growth parameters at 8weeks as male broilers had higher body measurements than their female counterparts. In conclusion, Marshall strain had better growth performance than Arbor acre and Cobb strain of broiler chicken.
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Tanaka, Hisaya, Yoshimi Nakazono, and Hideto Ide. "A Study on Quantification of Weight Sensation by EMG." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 9, no. 5 (October 20, 1997): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1997.p0406.
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Weight sensation should be evaluated using physical measurement which also relates to subjective evaluation. It is therefore necessary to find a new method of physical measurement. This study shows the relationship between weight sensation and electric signals (electromyogram: EMG) generated in the living body. Stevens' power law is<I> R</I> = <I>k</I><I>S</I>,<I>n</I> where our experiments show that <I>n</I> = 1, if<I> R</I> is EMG,<I> k</I> is a constant, and <I>S</I> is the stimulation level (weight lead<I> S</I> ≥ 1000g). The value of constant <I>k</I> is dependent on the finger e.g.<I>k</I> = 1.6 x 10-2μV at the thumb and <I>k</I> = 7.4 × 10-2μV at the middle finger).
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Okere, Chukwuemeka, Frank Abrahamsen, and Nar Gurung. "Relationships between body weight, body condition score at breeding and reproductive and progeny performance in Kiko meat goats over two breeding cycles." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v12i2.64088.
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Body condition scores (BCS) and/or body weights (BWT) are often used as visual or tactile management tools to evaluate and improve reproductive competency in pasture-managed small ruminant animals. This study was designed to evaluate relationships between BCS, BWT and reproductive traits (number born alive and weaned, litter size, birth and weaning weights) in 16 purebred Kiko, 11 purebred Boer and 7 Kiko x Boer crossbred meat goat dams that were semi-intensively managed and bred to both Boer and Kiko bucks. BWT was recorded using a scale and palpable BCS scale of 1 to 5 (1= emaciated to 5= obese) and was subjectively determined at breeding, parturition and weaning. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) analysis was used to determine the relationships between residual values of reproductive and progeny performance and BWT or BCS. Pre-partum BCS and weaning BCS had a correlation of r=0.09. A moderate correlation was observed between BWT at breeding and the number born alive (r=0.36) suggesting that pre-partum BWT is the key body conformation measurement linked to the reproductive performance of dams both at birth and weaning. Both at breeding and at weaning BCS were negatively correlated with litter size (r= -0.11) and birth weight (r=-0.32) and weakly correlated with the number born alive (r=0.06). Also, negative correlations were obtained between BCS at weaning and kid weaning weight (r=-0.58) and number weaned (r=-0.26). Although BCS had no significant (P≥0.05) effect on kg kids born per dam, birth weight of kids, and kids weaning weights, it is evident that a BCS score of 3 at the mating time could optimize reproductive performance. The results of this project established the important roles that pre-breeding BWT and/or BCS have on reproductive performance (kidding rate) in meat goat herds. We recommend their evaluation as a useful management tool for distinguishing differences in the pre-partum nutritional needs of meat goat herds, especially in the pasture-based production system. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 64-73, December 2022
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WIŚNIEWSKI, Konrad, Beata KUCZYŃSKA, and Tomasz PRZYSUCHA. "ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF MEAT PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN POLISH AND FRENCH LIMOUSINE BULLS." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 362, no. 61 (March 31, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2022.61.1.03.
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The study covered bulls of the Limousine meat breed, whose parents were of Polish and French origin, kept on farms in Poland. This study aimed to assess whether individuals of Polish origin cover their genetic potential compared to bulls of French origin. These studies were carried out under the program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education "Implementation Doctorate" DWD3 / 53/2019 in cooperation with the Polish Association of Beef Cattle Breeders and Producers in 2019-2022. The research material consisted of 925 bulls, 447 by French father and 478 by Polish father. Among breeders of Polish origin, special attention was paid to the fact that parents of French origin did not appear in the pedigrees in the previous two generations. The following factors were taken into account in the comparative analysis: the country of origin of the bull's father, the country of origin of the bull's mother, body weight after calving (kg), body weight at 210 and 420 days of life (kg) and gains (g) in this period, standardized weight in 210 and 420 days (kg), as well as the height at withers (cm), chest circumference (cm), ultrasound measurement of the longest back muscle (cm3), muscle index, development index, collective evaluation index, calibre, muscle and bone share, functional features and state. The individual calendar months were taken into account as the calving period. Statistical analysis was performed by multivariate ANOVA using SPSS.23 software. A significant influence of the father's origin on the vital parameters of bulls was shown. After the birth of a Polish father, the mean body weight of bulls was 39.08 kg and was lower by 0.95 kg (p ≥ 0.01) than males of French origin. Bodyweight, daily gains, standardized body weight in the 210th and 420th day of life, height at the withers, chest circumference, ultrasound measurement of the longest back muscle, meatiness index, development index, and aggregate evaluation index spoke in favour of bulls of French origin. However, there were no significant differences in maternal origin, size, muscle and bone proportion, functional components, and condition.
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Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Paulina, Katarzyna Skowyra, and Piotr Sękowski. "Development of relative body mass (BMI) of students from Łódź, depending on the selected environmental, psychological and sociological factors." Anthropological Review 79, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2016-0031.
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Abstract The human height-to-weight ratio is an important parameter of the body homeostasis. Currently, the most popular measurement determining the relationship between body mass and height is the Quetelet II indicator, called Body Mass Index (BMI). The aim of this study is an evaluation of the differences in the height-to-weight ratios, depending on selected environmental, psychological and sociological factors in people studying at higher education institutions in Łódź. The research was conducted among students of higher education institutions in Łódź, by electronic means or with the use of an anonymous survey. It consisted of 28 closed single or multiple choice questions. Statistical analysis was made of complete results of the research involving 135 people, both males and females, aged between 19-26. It was revealed that the factors related to higher BMI values in students are the following: the presence of a tendency in the students to gain weight themselves, and a tendency to gain weight present in their mothers, an evaluation of their own body mass as excessive, regularly smoking cigarettes and rarely undergoing medical check-ups. Among the factors connected with lower BMI values are: regular coffee consumption, perception of their own body mass as being too low, and also obtaining systolic pressure values below 110 mm Hg. Additionally, a positive correlation between taking up physical activity and higher values of systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) was shown. Among the subjects, it was found that 92% of the underweight women declared that their body mass and figure were normal. In the case of women with optimal BMI values, 40% stated that their body mass was excessive. In the case of men the problem was reverse: 50% of the subjects who were either overweight or obese claimed that their body mass was within the norm. The factors that significantly influence body proportion differences among students include the subject’s and the subject’s mother’s tendency to put on weight, self-evaluation of their own body mass, the values of systolic blood pressure, coffee consumption and cigarette smoking, as well as the frequency of medical check-ups.
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Taraf, Osman, and Mehmet Özal. "The Impact of 4-weeks Dominant Wrist-Forearm Strength Training Ipsilateral and Contralateral on the Strength." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161555.
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The aim of this study; To investigate whether 4-week dominant wrist-forearm strength exercises have an effect on contralateral and ipsilateral strength. To work; 27 of them were exercise group (EG) (age: 19.70 ± 1.41 years, height: 176.73 ± 7.22 cm, body weight: 69.22 ± 9.51 kg) and 27 of them were the control group (KG) (age: 20.15 ± 1.66 years, height: 179.374 ± 5.49, body weight: 70.39 ± 7.43 kg) a total of 54 male volunteers participated. EG performed 4 sets of dominant (D) wrist flexion and extension exercises with dumbbells at 70% intensity for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. No study has been done on the non-dominant (ND) side. The repetitions in the sets were continued until the participant could not lift the weight with the appropriate technique (Fatigue). The data were collected by General Information Form, height meter, scale and digital hand dynamometer. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the before-after measurements of the groups. Two-way mixed ANOVA results were given in the examination of the change between the measurements obtained at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 4-week period in the study and control groups. As a result of the comparison of the pre and post tests’ means, statistically notional difference for the D clutch strength and ND clutch strength is respectively as (p<0.001). However, there is no notional difference in CG(p>0.05). A statistically significant time-dependent difference was found on D hand grip strength and ND hand grip strength measurement results (p<0.001). While TimeXGroup interaction was found to be statistically significant in the evaluation of D hand grip strength measurement results (p<0.001), TimeXGroup interaction was not statistically significant in the evaluation of ND hand grip strength measurement results (p>0.05). The main effect of the group variable (Regardless of the time variable) was not statistically significant in all data (p> 0.05). It can be said that this study has a positive impact on D hand clutch strength and ND hand clutch strength. Keywords: Cross transfer, strength, strength training.
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Saito, Naoki, Toshiyuki Satoh, and Norihiko Saga. "Effects on knee joint force from a body weight load reduction system driven by rubber-less artificial muscle." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 5 (August 19, 2019): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-11-2018-0224.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to confirm that the body weight load reduction system which is developed by us is effective to reduce the knee joint force of the walking user. This system is driven by pneumatic artificial muscle, functions as a mobile walking assist system. Design/methodology/approach The developed body weight load reduction system driven by rubber-less artificial muscle (RLAM) was tested experimentally. Simple force feedback control is applied to the RLAM. The system moves as synchronized with vertical movement of the walking user. The knee joint force during walking experiments conducted using this system is estimated by measurement of floor reaction force and position data of lower limb joints. Findings The knee joint force during walking is reduced when using this system. This system contributes to smooth change of knee joint force when the lower limb contacts the floor. Practical implications This lightweight body weight load reduction system is particularly effective for realizing easy-to-use mobile walking assist system. Originality/value A lightweight body weight load reduction system using pneumatic artificial muscle is a novel proposal. Additionally, these new evaluation results demonstrate its effectiveness for reducing knee joint force during walking.
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Ghosh, Anasuya, C. Manjari, and S. Mahapatra. "The craniofacial anthropometric measurement in a population of normal newborns of Kolkata." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 17, 2013): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8955.
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Background: The anthropometric measurement of the craniofacial region plays an important role in the evaluation of the newborn with dysmorphic features and their corrective surgery. This study was undertaken to establish a baseline craniofacial dataset for the newborn population of Kolkata where it is still lacking. Methods: In this study, we obtained the measurement of 6 distinct parameters (length of nose, height of nose, width of columella, length of philtrum, width of philtrum, oral commissural distance) of craniofacial region of 1860 healthy newborns (both male & female). Their body weight was recorded. We compared the values in both sexes and also in normal & low birth weight babies. Results: Our study shows statistically significant higher values in all parameters except oral commissural distance among male than female newborn. It again results statistically significant higher values of length of nose, length of philtrum and oral commissural distance in normal birth weight newborns than the low birth weight group in both sexes. Conclusion: We here present a set of reference value for the newborn population (both normal & low birth weight) of East India (Kolkata). Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 125-129 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8955
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Tománková, Kristína, Miroslava Přidalová, Zdenek Svoboda, and Roman Cuberek. "Evaluation of Plantar Pressure Distribution in Relationship to Body Mass Index in Czech Women During Walking." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/15-143.
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Background: Excessive body weight seems to be a risk factor for foot loading. We sought to investigate the effect of different body mass index (BMI) levels on plantar pressure distribution during walking. Methods: In total, 163 women aged 45 to 65 years (mean ± SD: age, 57.4 ± 5.3 years; BMI, 27.0 ± 5.3) participated in the study. The women were divided, on the basis of BMI, into a normal-weight, overweight, or obese group. The study used the four following plantar pressure parameters (PPPs): contact percentage, absolute pressure impulse, relative pressure impulse, and absolute peak pressure, which were recorded in ten foot regions using a pressure measurement system. Results: The normal-weight group, compared with the overweight and obese groups, had significantly lower absolute PPP values. In the hallux, second through fifth metatarsals, midfoot, and heel regions, we observed significant between-group differences in the two absolute PPPs (peak pressure and pressure impulse) (P < .001). Between-group differences in the relative PPPs were found in the fourth metatarsal, midfoot, and medial heel (relative impulse) and in the second metatarsal (contact percentage) (P < .001). Conclusions: Higher BMI values correspond to a higher load on the foot during walking in women. The relative foot load in obese women is characterized by a pressure increase in the lateral forefoot and midfoot and by a pressure decrease in the medial heel.
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Teodori, Simone, Giovanni Aste, Roberto Tamburro, Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate, Francesco Simeoni, and Massimo Vignoli. "Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8030044.
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The morphological characteristics of the largest lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the body have been described through ultrasonography, although food and gas in the gastrointestinal tract can often have negative effects on the response of small abdominal structures. The aim of the study was to describe the size of normal abdominal lymph nodes (ALs) in dogs affected by disease, not including lymphadenomegaly or lymphadenopathy, and divided according to body weight and age. The ALs studied included the jejunal, medial iliac, portal, gastric, splenic, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes. Statistical correlation considering body weight and age as continuous variables showed that all measurements of the ALs increased according to body weight changes (p < 0.01). The most reliable values were the volume measurements (p < 0.001) compared to the length, thickness, and width. Mixed results emerged from a comparison of weight categories and age; only the jejunal lymph nodes showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05). Other characteristics (shape, attenuation, and enhancement) are subsequently reported. The resulting data can be used to categorize CT measurements of normal ALs displayed based on the body weight and age of the subjects. This study aimed to propose a new parameter of normalcy that may serve as a reference for the evaluation of infectious or neoplastic events.
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Walkom, S. F., and D. J. Brown. "Genetic evaluation of adult ewe bodyweight and condition: relationship with lamb growth, reproduction, carcass and wool production." Animal Production Science 57, no. 1 (2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15091.
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This paper reports on genetic variation in the growth, wool production, carcass, reproduction and the bodyweight and body condition of ewes managed in the Information Nucleus Flock (INF), with a focus on evaluating the potential value of including adult ewe bodyweight and condition change traits in the Australian national sheep genetic evaluations provided by Sheep Genetics. Data were collected over a 7-year period (2007–2013) at eight research sites across southern Australia. Approximately 13 700 ewes were weighed and condition scored with ewes on average mated four times during the study. Adult ewe weight and body condition were recorded across the production cycle and the impact of the physiological status and change in status of the ewe on the genetic relationships with lamb growth, carcass and wool production traits was evaluated. Strong genetic correlations between measurements across the production cycle for adult ewe bodyweight and condition, low heritability of change traits, along with weak genetic relationships between change traits and key production traits suggest that in production systems where nutritional challenges can be managed, change traits provide no improvement to the current practice of using static bodyweight and condition records. The genetic variation in weight and body condition and their genetic relationships with production traits were highly consistent across ages and the production cycle. As a result, the current practice by Sheep Genetics to treat adult weight as a single trait with repeat records is most likely sufficient. However, the inclusion of body condition within the Sheep Genetics evaluation has potential to assist in improving maternal performance, and the feed costs associated with maintaining ewe body condition.
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Raadsma, HW. "Fleece rot and body strike in Merino sheep. VI. Experimental evaluation of some physical fleece and body characteristics as indirect selection criteria for fleece rot." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 5 (1993): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930915.
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Indicators of staple thickness, staple weight, staple density, wool weight cm -2, crimp frequency, dust penetration, fibre diameter (mean, variability), birthcoat score, and neck and body wrinkle were evaluated for their suitability as indirect selection criteria against fleece rot and body strike. The fleece traits were assessed in 949 Merino ewe hoggets representing the progeny from 134 sires in 15 contemporarily managed flocks. Fleece rot and body strike were assessed following experimental induction. In decreasing order of importance, variability (s.d.) in fibre diameter, average staple thickness, crimp frequency, variability (c.v.) in fibre diameter, mean fibre diameter, birthcoat score, staple density, variability in staple thickness, staple weight, and neck wrinkle score, accounted for a significant component of the variation in liability of sheep to fleece rot. Body wrinkle, variability (c.v.) in staple thickness, staple length, dust penetration, and wool weight cm-2 were not important. Based on combined estimates of the heritability of the indicator trait and its genetic correlation with fleece rot, variability in fibre diameter (s.d.) and birthcoat score showed the highest potential as indirect selection criteria. Variability in fibre diameter (s.d.) also showed a similar scope for selection against body strike. Indicators of mean staple thickness, crimp frequency, dust penetration and wrinkle score showed little or no scope for indirect selection against fleece rot or body strike. The role of variability in fibre diameter (s.d.) as an indirect selection criterion for fleece rot and body strike in designed breeding programmes which include other important objectives, will need to be further evaluated, given an undesirable genetic correlation with clean fleece weight. High between-flock correlations were observed for a number of fleece traits and susceptibility to fleece rot. Susceptible flocks were characterized by fleeces with longer, heavier, thicker staples with a lower crimp frequency, and higher fibre diameter with a higher variability. Predicting the susceptibility of flocks to fleece rot and body strike, through a between flock index based on the measurement of simple fleece traits, is suggested.
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Cholewińska, Paulina, Magdalena Wołoszyńska, Marta Michalak, Katarzyna Czyż, Witold Rant, and Marzena Janczak. "Evaluation of Changes in the Levels of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes Phyla of Sheep Feces Depending on the Breed." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101901.
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Studies carried out so far have indicated the effect of the microbiome on the composition of ruminant products. Recent studies have shown that not only diet, but also genetic factors can affect the microbiological composition of the digestive system. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the levels of selected bacterial phyla in terms of breed differences. Three sheep breeds, i.e., Olkuska, Romanov, and old-type Polish Merino, differing in their use (meat–wool, meat, prolificacy) and country of breed origin were included in the study. Sheep at the same age and of the same sex were kept for a period of 3 months in the same environmental conditions and fed the same feed in the same proportions. The study included real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis of feces collected before the slaughter and measurements of body weight and chilled carcasses. The obtained results showed significant differences between the breeds in the levels of bacterial populations tested. There were also differences in body weight between the breeds during the first weight measurements, however, the final results did not show any differences—after three months of maintenance all of them reached similar body weights, despite differences in fecal microbiological composition. The study suggests that in addition to diet and environmental conditions, the microbiology can also be influenced by breed.
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Verbuch, I. V., and H. V. Bratkovska. "METHODS OF EVALUATION OF BREEDING VALUE OF LARGE WHITE BREED PIGS OF THE BREEDING PLANT OF SE “PASICHNA” DEPARTMENT OF KHMELNYTSK REGION." Animal Breeding and Genetics 60 (November 23, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.60.01.
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Goal. To accelerate the selection process and create populations of pigs with high level of productivity to assess the most effective modern methods breeding value of large white pigs in the SE "DG" Pasichna "Institute of Feed and Agriculture Podillya NAAS" Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region on the basis of a combined assessment of repair young for their own productivity and assessment meat qualities by MD Berezovsky and B. Tyler and the most promising method BLUP. Methods. Comparison, zootechnical and biometric analyzes. Results. The breeding value of pigs of large white breed of the breeding farm of SE "Pasichna" ICSGP NAAS "Starosinyavsky district of Khmelnytsky region by modern effective methods, namely: BLUP. According to the average indicators of the combined assessment of own productivity of animals at control fattening, taking into account their live weight on the date of birth and weaning, average daily gain, live weight and age of 100 kg, body length and fat thickness, boars significantly outweighed pigs. Compared with pigs, their live weight at the date of birth and weaning (at the age of 30 days) was higher by 0.1 and 0.81 kg. The age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg exceeded by 5.43 days, the average daily gain of 0.016 kg. Live weight and body length of pigs on the date of fat thickness measurement was greater by 4.04 kg and 1.03 cm. Lifetime fat thickness at three measurement points at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, on the buttocks and in the midpoint of the back between withers and buttocks was thinner by 0.92; 0.94 and 1.06 mm. Evaluation indices of fattening and meat qualities by growth energy and fat thickness (Ia) and average daily gain and fat thickness (Iv) in boars indicate their higher level by 2.07 and 7.67 points compared to pigs and are equal to, respectively, 95.12 ± 1.95 and 152.96 ± 2.38 points. The coefficient of variability (Cv, %) of indicators of own productivity and estimated indices of fattening and meat qualities of repair boars ranged from 1.92% (body length on the date of fat thickness measurement, cm) to 15.12% (age of live weight 100 kg, days), repair pigs – from 4.63% (body length on the date of fat thickness measurement, cm) to 28.19% (index of assessment for growth energy and fat thickness, (Ia), points). The best average values of indicators of breeding value of animals are found on the basis of modern, most promising method BLUP, because it is considered in terms of mathematics, statistics and selection is the most accurate, well-founded, has the best theoretical basis and the lowest error variance. The average value of the BLUP index (parent lines) for boars of large white breed is 101.71 ± 1.681, pigs – 96.94 ± 0.724 points. At the same time, boars outweighed pigs by 4.77 points. The most positive correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning with their body length (r = 0.16), average daily gain (r = 0.19) and fat thickness (r = 0.24), the average correlation between the indices of fattening and meat qualities according to MD Berezovsky and B. Tyler (r = 0.56) P > 0.99 and the weak correlation between live weight of piglets at weaning and the BLUR index (r = 0,21) P > 0.99. It should be noted that there are almost no correlations between the fattening and meat quality indices of pigs and the BLUP index. Conclusions. In the conditions of breeding and specialized farms for the production of commercial pork in the region, to determine the breeding value of animals for further reproduction of their own herd and sale to other breeding farms of Ukraine, to systematically assess repair young animals for their own productivity and clear qualities of pigs and the most perfect BLUP index.
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Kuźniacka, J., and M. Adamski. "Growth rate of body weight and measurements in pheasants reared up to the 24th week of life (Short Communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 3 (October 10, 2010): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-360-2010.
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Abstract. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the growth rate of the weight and body measurements of pheasants reared up to the 24th week of life, fed with all-mash mixtures. In the 3rd, 8th, 12th , 16th, 20th and 24th week of life the birds were weighed individually and their body measurements were measured based on which the growth rate indices of the traits researched were calculated. It was found that the body weight of pheasants of both sexes was increasing with the bird age, however there were noted no significant differences of that trait between the 16th and the 20th and the 20th and the 24th week of rearing. As for all the evaluation dates, except or the 3rd week of rearing, sexual dimorphism of the body weight was clearly seen, which was significant (P≤0.05). Similarly as the weight, also the pheasant body measurements were increasing on successive rearing dates. Between the 20th and the 24th week of rearing no significant differences were recorded in most of the traits evaluated. Sexual dimorphism concerning the body measurements was found in birds starting from the 12th or the 16th week of life. The highest growth rate of the body weight and measurements was observed in pheasants up to the 8th week of rearing. The growth rate of all the body measurements was decreasing after the 16th week of rearing, which shows that the pheasant growth was completed.
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Sakane, Naoki, Seitaro Dohi, Koichi Sakata, Shin-ichi Hagiwara, Toshihisa Morimoto, Takanobu Uchida, Mitsuhiro Katashima, Yoshiko Yanagisawa, Takeshi Yasumasu, and J.-VALUE Study Group. "Effects of Visceral Fat Accumulation Awareness on a Web-Based Weight-Loss Program: Japanese Study of Visceral Adiposity and Lifestyle Information—Utilization and Evaluation (J-VALUE)." ISRN Obesity 2013 (April 24, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/473764.
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A reduction of visceral fat is important for improvement of metabolic risk. This study was designed to compare the effects of a web-based program alone or together with measurement and self-awareness of accumulated visceral fat in Japanese workers. A new noninvasive device to measure visceral fat accumulation was introduced, and efficacy on weight-loss and improvement of healthy behaviors were examined. This study was conducted according to Helsinki declaration and approved by the ethical committee of Japan Hospital Organization, National Kyoto Hospital. Two-hundred and sixteen overweight and obese males with BMI of more than 23 participated from 8 healthcare offices of 3 Japanese private companies. Subjects were randomly allocated into control group, Web-based weight-loss program (Web), or Web + Visceral fat measurement group (Web + VFA). Eighty-one percent of participants completed the study. Reductions of body weight, waist circumference, and BMI were the largest in Web + VFA group, and the differences between groups were significant by ANOVA. Improvements of healthy behaviors were the largest in Web + VFA group, and the differences of healthy eating improvement scores between Web + VFA and control groups were significant. Our findings suggest that measurement and awareness of visceral fat are effective in weight reduction in overweight and obese males in the workplace.
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Ramona, Fochesato, Guidotti Sara, and Pruneti Carlo. "Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes." Archives of Food and Nutritional Science 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.afns.1001027.
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Objective: This preliminary study focused on the description of some dysfunctional perceptions of the body image and eating habits in a sample of young. Methods: The results obtained by 55 amateur and professional volleyball players belonging to volleyball sports clubs located in the province of Reggio Emilia were examined. The age of the sample is in a range between 11 and 44 years. The participants completed the Pisa Survey for Eating Disorders (PSED), a questionnaire aimed at examining eating behavior and the perception of one’s body image. The athletes’ height and body weight were subsequently detected through direct measurement. Conclusion: The data collected through the self-evaluation questionnaire and the measurements carried out by the study made it possible to analyze the perception of the body image and the eating habits of the volleyball players belonging to the sample and to compare them with the data in the literature. The data, albeit preliminary, allow us to confirm the existence of the discrepancy between the real body image and the desired one, in a group of young athletes, who favors the adoption of non-adaptive coping strategies to control one’s own weight and body shapes typical of the vicious circle - strict diet, bingeing episodes, compensatory behaviors - which characterizes eating disorders (ED). It is therefore considered essential that body image assessment is a practice implemented in the assessment routine of these athletes, especially in consideration of the fact that body image disturbance is a very common feature in this category and is one of the main risk factors of EDs.
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MARQUES, Priscila Francisco, Maria Angela Bellomo BRANDÃO, Gabriel HESSEL, Roberta Vacari ALCANTARA, Marcela Linden FERREIRA, and Elizete Aparecida LOMAZI. "Evaluation of growth and nutritional status in children and adolescents with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension." Revista de Nutrição 30, no. 4 (August 2017): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000400005.
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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to evaluate dietary intake, nutritional status, and growth rate in children and adolescents with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension. Methods: Outpatients aged 1-18 years, diagnosed with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension, who had no associated diseases, and who had not been subjected to a venous shunt were included in this study. Two evaluations were carried out in this study: an initial (evaluation 1) and a final evaluation (evaluation 2), with a three-month minimum interval between them. In each evaluation, dietary intake was analyzed comparing the results with recommended energy intake using the Harris & Benedict equation and participants’ anthropometric data, such as weight, height, mid-arm muscle circumference, weight-for-age, height-for-age, and body mass index-for-age, based on the World Health Organization 2006 standards. Results: A total of 22 patients participated in this study. There was a significant improvement in weight, height, body mass index, and mid-arm muscle circumference measurements (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.017; p=0.0018 respectively) and in the relationship between dietary intake and energy recommended energy intake, according to the Harris & Benedict equation (p=0.0001) from the first and second evaluation. Conclusion: Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension were not shown to be factors predisposing to malnourishment.
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Waisberg, Jaques, Heloísa Prado Soares, Luís Gustavo Altieri, Osíris Ramaciotti, and Manlio Basilio Speranzini. "Pancreatic islet isolation by mechanical-enzymatic separation, stationary collagenase digestion and dextran discontinuous density gradient purification: experimental study in dogs." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 17, no. 2 (April 2002): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502002000200002.
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The prospects for allotransplantation of pancreatic islets in man depend on the development of methods that provide sufficient quantities of pancreatic islets from a single donor, which are capable, when transplanted, of achieve the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism. Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of the isolation of Langerhans islets from dogs, by means of mechanical-enzymatic separation technique with stationary digestion using collagenase, and purification with a discontinuous dextran density gradient. Methods: The counting of islet numbers and evaluation of their sizes was accomplished by staining with diphenylthiocarbazone and using stereoscopic microscopes equipped with eyepiece reticule for the measurement of average diameters of stained islets. Results: The results disclosed that the average number of islets isolated was 81032.20 ± 24736.79 and the average number of islets isolated per kg of body weight was 6938.70 ± 1392.43. The average number of islets isolated per kg of body weight showed significant correlation with body weight and weight of the pancreas resected. Conclusion: The number of islets isolated, of a single donor, by mechanical-enzymatic separation, stationary collagenase digestion and discontinuous dextran density gradient purification can be sufficient to success of pancreatic islets transplant in dogs.
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Tucker, R. L., N. Fitzpatrick, and D. Reynolds. "Lumbosacral foraminal ratios and areas using MRI in medium-sized dogs." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 05 (2014): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-13-05-0085.
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Summary Objective: To examine conventional magnetic resonance imaging planes of the lumbosacral foramina to obtain objective measurements of foraminal size in mediumsized (20–28 kg) normal dogs. Method: Ten canine cadavers were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging in neutral, flexed and extended position. Foraminal ratios, areas and lumbosacral angles were calculated and their relationship to body weight was evaluated. Results: Foraminal ratios were found to be independent of body weight in medium sized dogs (p >0.42). Foraminal areas were dependent on body weight (p <0.05). Flexion and extension were shown to significantly change both the foraminal ratio and area. Clinical significance: Lumbosacral foraminal stenosis is common in working dogs. Foraminal ratios were evaluated in mediumsized dogs and were found to be independent of body weight, which may provide objective evaluation of surgical decompression techniques if calculated pre- and post-surgery. Foraminal areas were not independent of body weight.
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Ramirez-Camba, Christian D., and Crystal L. Levesque. "122 A Mechanistic Model of Growth and Amino Acid Deposition in the Pregnant Sow: Model Development, Evaluation, and Application." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.093.
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Abstract A mechanistic model was developed with the objective to characterize weight gain and essential amino acid (EAA) deposition in the different tissue pools that make up the pregnant sow: placenta, allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid, fetus, uterus, mammary gland, and maternal body were considered. The data used in this modelling approach were obtained from published scientific articles reporting weights, crude protein (CP), and EAA composition in the previously mentioned tissues; studies reporting not less than 5 datapoints across gestation were considered. A total of 12 scientific articles published between 1977 and 2020 were selected for the development of the model and the model was validated using 11 separate scientific papers. The model consists of three connected sub-models: protein deposition (Pd) model, weight gain model, and EAA deposition model. Weight gain, Pd, and EAA deposition curves were developed with nonparametric statistics using splines regression. The validation of the model showed a strong agreement between observed and predicted growth (r2 = 0.92, root mean square error = 3%). The proposed model also offered descriptive insights into the weight gain and Pd during gestation. The model suggests that the definition of time-dependent Pd is more accurately described as an increase in fluid deposition during mid-gestation coinciding with a reduction in Pd. In addition, due to differences in CP composition between pregnancy-related tissues and maternal body, Pd by itself may not be the best measurement criteria for the estimation of EAA requirement in pregnant sows. The proposed model also captures the negative maternal Pd that occurs in late gestation and indicates that litter size influences maternal tissue mobilization more than parity. The model predicts that the EAA requirements in early and mid-gestation are 75, 55 and 50% lower for primiparous sows than parity 2, 3 and 4+ sows, respectively, which suggest the potential benefits of parity segregated feeding.
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Watabe, Tadashi, Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima, Kazuhiro Ooe, Yuwei Liu, Kenta Kurimoto, Takashi Murai, Yuka Shidahara, et al. "Extended single-dose toxicity study of [211At]NaAt in mice for the first-in-human clinical trial of targeted alpha therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 35, no. 6 (April 19, 2021): 702–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12149-021-01612-9.
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Abstract Objective Astatine (211At) is a promising alpha emitter as an alternative to iodine (131I). We are preparing the first-in-human (FIH) clinical trial of targeted alpha therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer in consultation with Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Here, we performed an extended single-dose toxicity examination under a reliability standard, as a preclinical safety assessment of [211At]NaAt to determine the FIH dose. Methods [211At]NaAt solution was injected into normal 6-week-old mice (male (n = 50) and female (n = 50), body weight: male 33.2 ± 1.7 g, female 27.3 ± 1.5 g), which were then divided into four groups: 5 MBq/kg (n = 20), 20 MBq/kg (n = 20), 50 MBq/kg (n = 30), saline control (n = 30). The mice were followed up for 5 days (primary evaluation point for acute toxicity: n = 80) or 14 days (n = 20: evaluation point for recovery) to monitor general condition and body weight change. At the end of the observation period, necropsy, blood test, organ weight measurement, and histopathological examination were performed. For body weight, blood test, and organ weight, statistical analyses were performed to compare data between the control and injected groups. Results No abnormal findings were observed in the general condition of mice. In the 50 MBq/kg group, males (days 3 and 5) showed a significant decrease in body weight compared with the control. However, necropsy did not differ significantly beyond the range of spontaneous lesions. In the blood test, males (50 MBq/kg) and females (50 MBq/kg) showed a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts on day 5, and recovery on day 14. In the testis, a considerable weight decrease was observed on day 14 (50 MBq/kg), and multinucleated giant cells were observed in all mice, indicating a significant change related to the administration of [211At]NaAt. Conclusions In the extended single-dose toxicity study of [211At]NaAt, administration of high doses resulted in weight loss, transient bone marrow suppression, and pathological changes in the testis, which require consideration in the FIH clinical trial.