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Weyers, Anna M. "Comparison of body composition using the Bod Pod and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after weight loss." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164840.
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No research has been performed comparing percent body fat measurements using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and air plethysmography after weight loss. The purpose of this investigation was to compare body composition assessments using the Bod Pod® Body Composition System (BP) and the DEXA ProdigyTM before and after an 8-week weight loss diet and exercise program. Based on prior comparison studies, it was hypothesized that percent fat values would be significantly lower using the BP compared to the DEXA before and after weight loss. Also since both methods have been shown to be reliable, it was hypothesized that the BP and DEXA would detect similar changes in percent fat in response to a weight-loss intervention. Twelve women (42 ± 8 yrs) and ten men (40 + 11 yrs) had their percent body fat estimated using the BP and whole body DEXA ProdigyTM scanner. A similar significant (P < 0.05) decrease in percent body fat was observed using the BP and DEXA ProdigyTM (-2.2% and -1.8%, respectively) after weight loss. Percent body fat using the BP was significantly lower than the DEXA ProdigyTM before (36 ± 10.7% and 38.1 ± 9.4%, respectively) and after (33.8 ± 10.8% and 36.3 + 10.6%, respectively) the weight loss program. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients between the DEXA ProdigyTM and the BP were noted pre (r = 0.975) and post (r = 0.968) weight loss. These data indicate the BP provides significantly lower absolute %fat values within a range of body fat levels (20-56%) when compared to the DEXA. However, the BP and DEXA detect similar changes in %fat, fatfree mass, and fat mass from weight loss in men and women. Also, the BP consistently overestimated fat-free mass and underestimated %fat and fat mass compared to values obtained from DEXA.School of Physical Education
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Balasubramanian, Mahendran Ulrich Pamela V. Simmons Karla Peavy. "Weight and body measurement changes In college freshmen." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1920.
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Al-Hadithy, Nada. "Evaluation of massive weight loss body contouring." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21037.
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Introduction: There is proven therapeutic benefit in bariatric surgery for obese patients. Consequently the National Institute of Clinical Excellence UK has provided referral guidelines for bariatric surgery. Successful bariatric surgery will result in massive weight loss and ptotic skin, which can cause significant functional and psychological problems. As the number of cases of bariatric surgery increases, a corresponding number of massive weight loss patients will require plastic surgery. In this novel field of post massive weight loss surgery there is a lack of understanding of the demographics, physical symptoms and psychological health of this new group of patients. The tools to assess them are few and not validated, the patient pathway is disjointed and there is no consensus on standardised provision. Method: A prospective multicentre, observational study of outcomes in 100 patients undergoing bariatric and post massive weight loss plastic surgery at 2 clinical sites was performed. Each patient followed a standard operating protocol. This included undergoing a semi structured interview, completing five patient-report outcome measures, having anthropometric measurements and clinical photographs taken. Conclusion: This observational study identified key psychosocial themes prevalent in massive weight loss patients, during their weight loss journey. It identified there are no validated patient reported outcome measures available specific to this cohort of patients. This work led to the development of a new validated tool for massive weight loss body contouring.
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Lee, Chi Shing. "A comparison of body density determinations using residual volume and total lung capacity in underwater weighing technique." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/147.
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Moela, Abram Kahlodi. "Assessment of the relationship between body weight and body measurement in indigenous goats using path analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1112.
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Thesis (MA. Agricultural Management (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014Body measurements have been used in animals to estimate body weight especially in rural areas where scales are not readily available. The study was conducted in Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo province, South Africa where the goats between the ages of 20 and 30 months were used. Body weight and four morphological traits were taken on each goat in the morning before they were released for grazing in a total of 613 indigenous goats of both sexes (62 male and 551 female). Body weight was measured in kilogram (kg) using a balance scale, hip height and shoulder height measurement (cm) were done using a graduated measuring stick and the body length and heart girth were measured in centimetre (cm) using a tape rule. Means, standard deviations (SD) and coefficients of variation (CV) of body weight and morphological traits were calculated. Pair wise correlations among body weight and morphological traits were also determined and range from 0.81-0.91 for male and 0.72-0.89 for female goats, respectively and were significant (P<0.01). The direct effect of heart girth on body weight was the strongest in both sexes (path coefficient of 0.58 and 0.62 in males and females, respectively). Body length (males) and body length and hip height (females) also positively (P<0.05) influenced body weight. The direct effects of other linear type traits on body weight in both sexes were non-significant as revealed by t-test. These traits were indirectly realized mostly via heart girth. Thus, they were removed from the final regression equations to obtain much more simplified prediction models. The optimum multiple regression equation for male goats included heart girth and body length, In female goats, however, the v variables included in the final prediction model were heart girth, body length and shoulder height. The forecast indices obtained in this study could aid in weight estimation, selection and breeding programmes.
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Klink, Tammy. "Evaluation of nurses' perceptions of patients' weight status in relation to their own Body Mass Index (BMI)." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005klinkt.pdf.
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Marcontell, Deborah K. (Deborah Kay). "The Relationship between Self-Reported Bulimic Behavior and Cardiovascular Reactivity to a Weight Stressor." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279237/.
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This investigation sought to identify anxiety responses to weight measurement, assessed by verbal report and cardiovascular reactivity CCR3 (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate), which might differentiate females with either high or low self-reported bulimic behavior. Secondar i ly,, the study attempted to examine specific autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal patterns of each group over time. The Bulimia Test (BULIT), Body Dissatisfaction Scale (BD), and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 105 undergraduate females at The University of North Texas. Based on BULIT scores, females were divided into high or low bulimic behavior groups. Of the 105 females screened, forty participated in the experiment which consisted of four phases: relaxation, anticipation of weight measurement, weight measurement, and recovery. Subjects had no prior knowledge of the weight stressor until presentation during the experiment. Results showed that subjects' notion of ideal weight was substantially lower than measured weight. During weight measurement, all subjects reported increased anxiety although the high group reported significantly more anxiety. Contrary to prediction, no significant group differences in CR were found when repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed. Orthogonal polynomial trend analysis was done with pooled groups, resulting in significant within-subject trends for all cardiovascular measures. There was also a significant group by time of measurement interaction for heart rate during the weight measurement phase. Correlational analyses failed to produce significant results between verbal report of anxiety and CR. There was, however, a significant correlation between BULIT and BD scores. It was concluded that heightened subjective anxiety during weight measurement could not be attributed to group differences in CR. Regarding ANS arousal patterns, mixed evidence of active and passive coping was seen. Nevertheless, both psychological and physiological measures supported an overvaluation of female thinness consistent with societal trends regardless of group membership. Implications of findings were discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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Sund-Levander, Märtha. "Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : Implications for clinical practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk fysiologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5200.
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The general aim was to explore factors influencing the normal variation and measurement of body temperature. Additional aims were to study morbidity, mortality and the clinical presentation of pneumonia and predictors for survival in elderly nursing-home residents. Two hundred and thirty seven non-febrile nursing home residents (aged 66-99 years) and 87 healthy adults (aged 19-59 years) were included. In elderly individuals, the morning ear and rectal body temperature was measured at baseline and pneumonia and survival was observed at one- two and three-year. In healthy adults the rectal, ear, oral and axillary temperature were measured simultaneously on one morning and repeated measurements were performed in three subjects. Overall, the range of normal body temperature was wider then traditionally stated. In elderly nursinghome residents, functional and cognitive impairment and BMI < 20 were related to a lower body temperature and medication with analgesics to a higher. Compared to adults < 60 years elderly persons had a higher average ear and a lower rectal temperature. Men and postmenopausal women < 60 years had lower body temperature than premenopausal women. The repeated measurements showed a wide individual variability irrespective of the site of measurement, and that replicated measurements do not improve accuracy. When comparing the rectal temperature with oral, ear and axillary readings the average difference was > 0.5°C with a wide individual variation. The yearly incidence of nursing-home acquired pneumonia varied between 6.9% and 13.7%. Functional impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and male sex were related to a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia and presenting non-specific symptoms were common. Age and functional impairment predicted mortality, irrespective of gender, while cerebral vascular insult, a lower body mass index and malnutrition in women and heart disease, COPD, medication with sedatives and mortality rate index in men were gender specific predictors. Surviving women had a higher baseline body temperature than non-surviving, while no such difference was found in men. When assessing body temperature, it is important to consider the site of measurement, technical design, operator technique, age and gender and, in elderly nursing-home residents, physical and cognitive impairment, body constitution and medication with analgesics. The best approach is to use an unadjusted mode, without adjusting to another site. To prevent a delayed diagnosis of pneumonia, one should be aware of a low baseline body temperature and lack of specific clinical symptoms in elderly nursing-home residents. Preserving and/or improving functional, cognitive, nutritional status and preventing agitation and confusion would improve survival in nursing-home residents.
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Sund-Levander, Märtha. "Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : implications for clinical practice /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5200.
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Zasoski, Elizabeth A. "Evaluation of nurse assessment of a patient's weight status at the time of hospital admission." Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004zasoskie.pdf.
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Rowell, Chelsie Joyce. "Accuracy of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Calculated BMI and Resulting FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone Classification." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5214/.
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The determination of adiposity in adolescents is often assessed with calculations of body mass indices (BMI). Researchers often obtain these measurements from self-reported (SR) values. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of SR height, weight, and calculated BMI (from height and weight). SR and actual measured (ME) BMI values were compared with standards from the FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) classifications. SR height and calculated BMI were found to be accurate while SR weight was, on average, underreported by 4.77 lbs. Because of these errors in SR height and weight, accuracy of classification into the FITNESSGRAM® HFZ was compromised. Consequently, it is important that researchers ascertain actual values of height and weight when measuring adolescents rather than use those from self-reports.
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Bettendorf, Sonya Kyrsten. "RESISTANCE TO CULTURAL SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION: MEASUREMENT DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/558.
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U.S. sociocultural expectations regarding women's bodies have been linked with women's psychological distress. In an effort to reveal the transformative ways in which women may be subverting systems of oppression, the current study surrounds development and validation of a quantitative measurement tool centered on resistance to sociocultural beauty ideals and physical standards of appearance. Theoretical reviews, focus group interviews (n =33), and expert feedback formed the basis for item development and modification. An initial pilot sample (n = 169) offered data for initial examination of reliability, while a subsequent validation sample (n = 342) provided data for investigation of factor structure as well as evaluation of reliability and validity performance. A final 63-item Resistance to Sociocultural Appearance Standards (RSAS) Scale was developed. Exploratory factor analytic findings suggested a 3-factor solution represented the data well. Good reliability and mixed evidence for validity of the overall scale and individual subscales derived from the factor analysis were demonstrated. Strengths and limitations as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Copeland, Timothy. "An Evaluation of Relative Weight as an Indicator of Body Composition and Nutritional Status in Wild Fish." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29993.
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Condition indices are widely used to generate biological insight. However, purported relationships to indices are imprecise or inconsistent in the wild. I investigated factors influencing relative weight (Wr), a condition index commonly applied to fish.
I first examined the relationship of Wr to physiology in two bluegill Lepomis macrochirus populations over a year. I regressed tissue composition (percentages of lipid, protein and water) and organ indices (liver-, gonad-, and viscerosomatic indices) on Wr. The regression model had little explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.14). Lipid was most influential (partial R2 = 0.11), but correlation strength fluctuated by season and population.
To test the generality of these results, I performed a similar regression on a bluegill population with higher average Wr. Again, variables were not well correlated to Wr (adjusted R2 = 0.13). Combining comparable data sets increased Wr range 64% but explanatory power was low (adjusted R2 = 0.41) Both studies showed that expected correlations of physiological variables to Wr can be confounded in natural environments.
To examine differences between natural and laboratory environments, I manipulated initial Wr and ration of juvenile bluegills. Although organ indices and tissue composition of all groups changed in time ((Wilksâ Î > 0.387, P > 0.03), no temporal pattern matched to Wr. At termination, all variables showed high correlations to Wr (r2 > 0.64). Correlation strength increased with time in the laboratory. Both ration and environment influenced correlations.
Lastly, I examined differences in interpretation of Wr for chain pickerels Esox niger, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and black crappies Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Regression models were compared to concurrent bluegill models. Piscivore models fit well (adjusted R2 > 0.50), whereas bluegill models had the lowest explanatory power (adjusted R2 = 0.13 and 0.14). Ecological specialization affected correlations to Wr.
Theoretically, condition index values are determined by resource acquisition versus expenditure. Exact physiological expression is determined by life history and performance. Condition indices are imprecise predictors but track net somatic investment with great generality. Ancillary data, such as growth or length-at-maturity, may clarify interpretation. Condition indices should be used as qualitative monitoring tools, not omnibus physiological predictors.Ph. D.
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Martin, Jennifer Leila. "Military load carriage : an innovative method of interface pressure measurement and evaluation of novel load carriage designs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34144.
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This thesis is concerned with the measurement and effects of pressure on the body as a result of military load carriage. High skin pressures are associated with impaired blood flow, brachial plexus disorders and user pain and discomfort. Load carriage research has largely overlooked this issue, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate methodology. The thesis consists of two parts. The aim of part I was to develop and validate a novel method of measuring on-body interface pressures underneath military load carriage equipment. The Tekscan system was used, which provides 954 individual sensing elements over a total sensing area of 238.5cm2. A number of small experiments were undertaken to establish appropriate calibration and measurement error. A five-point rating scale was developed, and included within the experimental procedure; to measure user discomfort at the shoulder area where was 'no discomfort' and 5 was 'unbearably uncomfortable'. Following a pilot study the method was shown to produce reliable data that was sensitive to differences in design of load carriage systems within a comparative experimental design.
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Elm, Andreas. "Evaluation of Body Position Measurement and Analysis using Kinect : at the example of golf swings." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18129.
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Modern motion capturing technologies are capable of collecting quantitative, biomechanical data on golf swings that can help to improve our understanding of golf theory and facilitate the establishing of new, optimized swing paradigms.This study explored the possibility of utilizing Microsoft’s Kinect sensor to analyse the biomechanics of golf swings. Following design-science research principles, it presents a software prototype capable of capturing, recording, analysing and comparing movement patterns using three-dimensional vector angles. The tracking accuracy and data validity of the software were then evaluated in a set of experiments in optimal and real-world conditions using actual golf swing recordings.The results indicate that the software is providing accurate data on joint vector angles with a clear profile view, while visually occluded and frontal angles are more difficult to determine precisely. The employed position detection algorithm demonstrated good results in both optimal and real-world environments. Overall, the presented software and its approach to position analysis and detection show great potential for use in further research efforts.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Obi, Chinwendu Nkechi. "Evaluation of feeding varying levels of digestible lysine on broiler breeder male reproductive characteristics and body weight changes." Mississippi State University, 2013.
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Boyce, Jessica Anne. "Experimental Exposure to Ideal-Body Media Images: Restrained Eaters' Self-Evaluation, Mood and Food Intake." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7803.
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The mass media project a thin “ideal” female body type (ideal-body media; IBM) onto young women. Sociocultural theorists propose that, through processes of internalisation and social comparison, IBM-exposure promotes negative body satisfaction and unhealthy eating behaviour. In three experiments, I investigated how IBM-exposure affected restrained eaters. Restrained eaters are women who are trying to lose weight by attempting to restrict their food intake. Previous researchers have found that restrained eaters perceive and process body-related information more readily than others do. The literature surrounding restrained eaters’ IBM-related self-evaluations and food intake is inconsistent. Some researchers have found restrained eaters to report positive self-evaluative effects and others have not. Furthermore, the majority of researchers report that viewing IBM triggers restrained eaters’ eating. However, this effect is not always replicated and this might be because restrained eaters have been identified with different restraint scales. To test this idea, I used two conceptually different dietary restraint scales throughout the current experiments: the concern for dieting subscale of the Restraint Scale (RS-CD) and the Dietary Intent Scale (DIS). Furthermore, because some researchers have argued that participants within previous (non-restraint) studies reported negative IBM-effects because they thought that they were meant to be negatively affected (i.e., demand characteristics), reducing these demands was a focus throughout the current experiments. In Study 1, demand characteristics were minimised by employing implicit outcome measures and by incorporating a two-study pre-text to separate the experimental manipulation from the explicitly measured dependent variables. Under the guise of a hunger and memory study, restrained and unrestrained eaters (N = 107) were required to concentrate on a slideshow of IBM- or Control-images for 2-minutes and complete an associated memory test (i.e., advertent attention). Restrained eaters (RS-CD and DIS) exposed to IBM reported negative effects (e.g., mood). However, IBM-exposure did not trigger their food intake in an unrelated taste test with M&Ms. I interpreted these findings alongside control theory. This is the theory that goal-related negative affect encourages increased goal-performance. I reasoned that paying advertent attention to the IBM caused goal-related negative affect, which triggered goal effort (i.e., dietary restraint). This theory was further tested in Study 2. The same manipulation was used in Study 2 (N = 268), which was touted as a study about participants’ personality and task performance. Here, I aimed to test restrained eaters’ implicit approach and avoidance tendencies toward diet and food stimuli. Therefore, a joystick lexical decision task (LDT) was used instead of a taste test. Restrained eaters’ self-evaluations (e.g., self-esteem) were not significantly affected by being in different experimental conditions. However, restrained eaters (RS-CD) in the IBM-condition avoided high-calorie food words during the LDT significantly faster than other participants did. These results (Studies 1 and 2) differed from previous research. This difference was attributed to the high level of advertent attention participants paid to the IBM in my experiments. Therefore, in Study 3, I manipulated participants’ attention levels. Participants (N = 171) were made to believe that the experimental slideshow and LDT were part of a task performance study. Although participants who were assigned to the Inadvertent- and Advertent-Attention conditions were exposed to the same slideshow (IBM- or Neutral-images), the experimenter did not ask participants in the Inadvertent-condition to focus on the slideshow. After this experimental manipulation, participants completed the joystick LDT. Subsequently, they completed a second unrelated study about personality and the five human senses (e.g., taste, touch, etcetera). All participants were randomly assigned to the taste-condition and completed a taste test. Inconsistent with my previous results, I did not obtain significant self-evaluation or LDT results. Furthermore, restrained eaters (RS-CD) who paid advertent attention to the IBM consumed more food than others consumed during the taste test. In comparison, restrained eaters were buffered from this effect if they had paid inadvertent attention to the IBM-images. When comparing these (nonsignificant and significant) results with previous research, it seems that restrained eaters’ IBM-responses are highly specific to environmental and/or experimental settings. I developed a preliminary theory to predict restrained eaters’ behaviour. This theory takes into account participants’ restraint status, restraint success, IBM-related attention and their eating-related attention.
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Zumbaugh, Charles Arthur III. "Evaluation of a phytogenic feed additive on performance, nutrient digestion, and absorption in turkey poults." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81914.
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in feeding phytogenic products to poultry for their growth and health benefits. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of a phytogenic feed additive on turkey poult performance and digestive physiology over a 6-week brooding period. In total, 864 male Hybrid Converter turkey poults were obtained from a local commercial hatchery on day-of-hatch and placed into floor pens with clean pine shavings. The treatments were randomly assigned including an industry-type corn-soybean meal positive control (PC), a similar diet with a 1.5% reduction in crude protein and key amino acids (NC), or the NC with the addition of Digestarom® (PFA) included at a rate of 1 g/kg. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), and mortality were recorded throughout the experiment. On day 14 poults fed the PFA had significantly higher BWG compared to the PC and NC fed birds. By day 42 birds fed the PC and PFA diets had significantly higher BWG compared to the NC, and the PC had significantly higher FE compared to the NC and PFA fed birds. No differences in FI or mortality were observed throughout the experiment. There were no significant differences in AMEn, crude protein digestibility, or nutrient transporter or pancreatic enzyme mRNA expression among treatments. However, aminopeptidase activity tended to be lower in the ileum of poults fed the PC or PFA diets compared to the NC, suggesting that the PFA may be improving protein utilization.Master of Science
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Reddish, John Mark. "Evaluation of the effects of selection for increased body weight and increased yield on growth and development of poultry." Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073054170.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 111 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Michael S. Lilburn, Dept. of Animal Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-111).
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Anderson, Karin Hilarie. "Childhood obesity : a case study of physical activity patterns of obese 6-10 year olds." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/634.
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Incidence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically within the last 30 years. Childhood obesity is of concern because of the associated health problems, and because childhood obesity often tracks into adulthood. There is a clear association between activity-level and obesity. Therefore, it is important to consider physical activity patterns in the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity. Childhood is a key time period to intervene in the formation of habits and patterns associated with physical activity that may reduce obesity. To date, few studies have focused on the level of examining obese children individually.
This case study focused on the physical activity patterns of 4 obese 6-10 year olds (two boys, two girls). All of the participants were above the 99th percentile for weight and had a body fat percentage exceeding 45%. Lipid profiles of the participants revealed that three of the four had high total cholesterol, indicating an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. All of the participants were close to or exceeded the waist to hip ratio value that indicates very high risk for cardiovascular and related diseases (>0.82 for boys, >0.94 for girls).
Use of the Caltrac accelerometer, KIHD 24-Hour Total Physical Activity Record and System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time revealed that the obese 6-10 year old participants averaged 1.85 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per lunch recess time. When extrapolated, the data revealed that the participants spend less than 20 minutes a day in MVP A. This is less than MVP A norms of children in the same age group. The obese participants were not meeting the current recommendations for 60 minutes or more a day for MVPA.
Furthermore, the activity patterns of the participants differ from those of normal weight children. Although children in general and the participant's tend to choose low level activity over MVP A, the participants spent more than 16.5 hours per day in sedentary physical activity, which is more than their normal weight counterparts (10.4 +/- 0.8).
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McArthur, Deanne M. "Evaluation of Factors Influencing Engagement in Physical Activity in Women during the Transition to Menopause." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20632.
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Objective: To explore the informational and behavioural factors, that affect women’s participation in physical activity (PA) and body weight changes during perimenopause.
Methods: An environmental scan of online health websites to determine availability and quality of information for women about body weight changes during transition to menopause. An interpretive descriptive qualitative study of women age 40 – 60 to explore factors influencing their PA. Descriptive and inductive qualitative analysis were used.
Results: Six of 52 websites (11.5%) contained information specific to perimenopausal women, with one site citing evidence. For 26 women interviewed, the most common enabling factors were daily structure, positive feelings, and accountability; while common barriers were disruptions in daily structure, competing demands, and self - sacrifice.
Conclusions: There is a lack of information regarding body weight changes for perimenopausal women. Perimenopausal women attribute their PA participation to psychosocial factors, and not the physiology of menopause.
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Routen, Ashley. "Body mass index and accelerometer measurement issues for use in the evaluation of pedometer-based physical interventions in children." Thesis, University of Worcester, 2013. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/2734/.
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Participation in physical activity (PA) of at least moderate intensity may yield important health benefits for children. A popular behavioural tool used to promote increased PA is the pedometer. There is however limited evidence regarding pedometer-based strategies in children. This thesis reports on a series of anthropometric and accelerometer-measurement issue studies which inform the methods used to address the primary aim of this thesis- to determine the effectiveness of goal-setting, selfmonitoring and step-feedback pedometer-based interventions for increasing PA in 10- 11-year-old children. In addition, each study in their own right provides an original contribution to knowledge within their specific area of scholarship. The first objective of this thesis was therefore to determine diurnal variation of height and weight and the combined effect upon body mass index (BMI) weight status in children via a field based study. Next, the reliability of the Actiwatch 4 (AW4) accelerometer was tested in a mechanical laboratory experiment. Following this laboratory trial a second field based study examined the impact of placement site upon AW4 output, and the validity of a regression equation to predict hip-derived AW4 data from wrist-derived data. Finally, a brief intervention mapping approach was used to develop goal-setting, selfmonitoring and step-feedback pedometer-based interventions, the effectiveness of which was evaluated in a small scale controlled trial involving two primary schools. The main findings of this thesis were a) that diurnal variation in height (and in girls alone, weight) impact upon increased BMI and BMI percentile in afternoon versus morning measurements b) AW4 activity counts exhibit acceptable reliability statistics (comparable to other accelerometer models), which improve when raw activity counts are reduced into derived activity intensity variables c) wrist and hip derived AW4 data are not comparable, and the derived regression equation may not be suitable for group level prediction due to inaccurate individual level prediction and the large standard error of the estimate observed d) pilot testing pedometer wear and intervention materials may highlight practical pedometer issues (i.e. pedometer attachment, wearing compliance and acceptability of instruction sheets) that inform intervention implementation and e) pedometer-based goal-setting, self-monitoring and step-feedback interventions did not increase PA in 10-11-year-old children. However, individual-standardised goal setting may be more promising as this appeared to mitigate any decline in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in moreactive children, and increased MVPA in less-active. To summarise, the findings of this thesis highlight important issues for physical activity scientists to consider when using BMI-determined weight status as a grouping variable and accelerometers as an outcome measure, when evaluating physical activity interventions in children. With regard to the primary aim of this thesis, future researchers should further examine the effectiveness of the individual-standardised against the group-standardised goal type in a longer-duration intervention and using a larger sample of children, which may permit sub-group analyses to be conducted. Of primary importance is future clarification on the effectiveness of goal setting, self-monitoring and step-feedback pedometer-based interventions per se for changing PA in children.
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Caylor, Marcus Lamar. "An econometric evaluation of the efficacy of 008 BAC legislation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32976.
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Riggs, Amy Jo. "Calories vs. composition : the effects of dietary alterations on anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters in overweight women." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231345.
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TITLE: Calories vs. Composition: The effect on dietary alterations on anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters in overweight women.LEARNING OUTCOME: To determine if a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, ad-libitum diet is more effective than an energy-restricted diet in promoting weight loss and improving blood lipid and insulin levels.ABSTRACT TEXT: Thirty overweight/obese (BMI: 25-35kg/m2), premenopausal women were matched for Body Mass Index (BMI) and randomly assigned to one of the two diets: (1) High Protein (HP) (30-40% protein, 40-55% fat, 10-20% CHO); (2) Energy Restricted (ER) (1200kcal/d, 20-25% fat, 15-20% protein, 55-60% CHO). Subjects were given weekly menus matching their assigned macronutrient and/or energy requirements to aid in meal planning and dietary compliance. Baseline and post-diet measures included height, weight, body composition, blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL< and triglycerides (TG)], and plasma insulin levels. There were no significant differences found among the two groups in any of the above-listed variables prior to the study. Twenty-three women completed the 6-week study (HP=11, ER= 12). Compliance to the diets was adequate as indicated by weekly 24-hour recalls and daily urinary ketone levels. Both groups lost a significant amount of weight and body fat (P<0.05), andweight and body fat losses were not significantly different between the groups. In addition, both groups experienced similar decreases in TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and insulin levels. These results indicate that a HP diet is no more effective than an ER diet in promoting favorable changes in body weight, body composition, blood lipids, and insulin levels.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Choquette, Emily M. "A Psychometric Evaluation of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS)." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7007.
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Drunkorexia refers to a set of disordered eating behaviors that occur in the context of a drinking episode for the purpose of 1) off setting caloric intake of the alcohol or 2) increasing the effects of alcohol. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) was developed with the purpose of measuring drunkorexia behaviors at three time points: before, during, and after a drinking episode. The purpose of this study was to further validate the measure for use in men and women by examining measurement invariance, reliability, and validity. First, single group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately by gender to examine the underlying factor structure of the measure. The two groups independently showed similar factor structure. The factor structure for both men and women indicated the removal of the original CEBRACS Restriction subscale. A multi-group CFA was conducted on the modified factor structure using gender as the grouping variable. This revised measure was found to have scalar invariance suggesting that means and variances of this measure can be compared. The current study addressed several limitations of previous measurement validation studies including a large diverse sample and thorough examination of the psychometric properties of the CEBRACS. This work provides additional evidence supporting the validity of the CEBRACS and suggests measurement invariance between genders.
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Wehrli, Kenneth Wayne. "Evaluation of a shallow water running test for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935935.
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The direct measurement of maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) has always been the benchmark for the determination of Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the time and expense of that type of testing does not lend itself to students in activity classes or adult fitness participants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a 500 yard shallow water run test in determining CRF. A commonly used field test, the 1.5 mile run, was used as a basis for comparison during the 500 yard water run. Subjects in this study included 15 men and 28 women that completed a 1.5 mile run and a 500 yard shallow water run as well as a graded exercise test to fatigue on a treadmill. Correlations between 1.5 mile runs and the 500 yard shallow water run and VO2 peak were -.89 and -.80 respectively. In addition to simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to significantly improve the prediction of CRF (p<0.05). Peak HR during the 1.5 mile run significantly improved the 1.5 mile run prediction of CRF (R2=0.78 to 0.82) with a reduction in SEE (3.95 to 3.52 ml/kg/min) from the simple regression alone. Percent body fat and subject height improved the 500 yard shallow water runs prediction of CRF (R2=0.62 to 0.86) with a reduction in SEE (5.14 to 3.19 ml/kg/min). In conclusion the 500 yard shallow water run can be used to accurately predict CRF and with the addition of percent body fat and height provide a better prediction of CRF.School of Physical Education
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Brennan, Leah, and leah brennan@rmit edu au. "Cognitive behavioural evaluation and treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.141227.
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Despite increasing prevalence, significant negative biopsychosocial consequences, and few treatment options, overweight and obesity in adolescence has received very little attention in the scientific literature. The major objective of this research program was to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive behavioural (CBT) program in the treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity. Sixty three overweight or obese adolescents (28M, 35F) aged 11.5 to 18.9 years (M = 14.41, SD = 1.85) participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a CBT weight loss intervention. This comprehensive intervention program incorporated a range of CBT techniques aimed at assisting adolescents to establish and maintain healthy eating and physical activity habits. Treatment resulted in improved body composition post treatment and sustained or improved body composition following maintenance. Participation in a motivational interview (MI) prior to this CBT intervention did not influence treatment outcomes. Despite reductions in weight and body fat, lean body mass was not affected by the intervention, thus, treatment did not detrimentally effect linear growth and lean body tissue. Poor compliance with measurement protocols limits conclusions that can be drawn regarding the impact of treatment on eating and activity habits. However, results suggest that treatment resulted in a reduction in fat consumption, reduced saturated fat intake, and reduced time spent in sedentary activities. Increases in physical activity were not evident. The treatment seeking sample did not report elevated psychopathology levels and treatment did not impact on adolescent depression, anxiety, or stress. Adolescents receiving treatment reported improvements in disordered eating relative to those in the control condition. A secondary aim of this research program was to redress the limited information available on the behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesit y. These factors were explored in community samples of adolescents (n = 161, M = 16.3, SD = I .8) and their parents, and young adults (n = 292, M = 19.7, SD = 2.0). In comparison to both normal and overweight adolescents, treatment seeking adolescents reported greater body dissatisfaction and weight. discontent. Body weight was not associated with psychopathology in the community samples and treatment seeking adolescents did not differ from normal or overweight adolescents from the community sample in terms of psychopathology. However, young adults who reported being overweight during childhood reported greater psychopathology as young adults. These findings suggest that excess weight in adolescence may have longer term rather than immediate effects on psychopathology. A number of family factors were associated with body weight in both adolescents and young adults. Combined, results indicated that CBT is efficacious in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents and MI does not improve the efficac y of CBT. The current findings suggest that the impact of excess weight on psychosocial functioning is limited to body discontent and dissatisfaction in adolescence but is associated with increased psychopathology in early adulthood. Results also highlighted the importance of parents and family in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
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Árnadóttir, Guðrún. "Measuring the impact of body functions on occupational performance : validation of the ADL-focused occupation-based neurobehavioral evaluation (A-ONE)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Arbetsterapi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32083.
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Background: Among the instruments commonly used by occupational therapists working in the area of rehabilitation of persons with neurological disorders are evaluations of both occupation, such as activities of daily living (ADL), and body functions. While persons with neurological diagnoses typically have symptoms that represent diminished neurobehavioral functions, the resulting pattern of neurobehavioral impairments affecting ADL performance often differs among diagnostic groups. Usually, neurobehavioral impairments are evaluated in a context that is separate from and not natural for ADL task performance. The A-ONE is a unique instrument that can be used to evaluate both ADL performance (ADL scale) and, in the natural context of the ADL task performance, the underlying neurobehaviors that cause diminished ADL task performance among persons with neurological disorders (Neurobehavioral scale). The scales of the instrument are of ordinal type, and in their existing form, do not have measurement properties. Measurement properties are a requirement of evidence-based and quality assured rehabilitation services. The overall aim of this doctoral study was to further develop and validate the A-ONE. This included (a) internal validation to explore the potential for converting the ordinal scales of the instrument to interval scales, (b) examination of which of the neurobehavioral items would be most beneficial and clinically useful for constructing a new Neurobehavioral Impact (NBI) scale for evaluating persons with different neurological diagnoses, and (c) exploration of whether persons with right and left cerebrovascular accidents (RCVA, LCVA) differ in mean NBI measures. Methods: This thesis is comprised of four studies which all contribute in different ways to the validation of the scales of the A-ONE. In the first three studies, Rasch analyses, a widely accepted modern test theory methodology, was used to examine internal validity of the scales and the reliability of the A-ONE measures. In the fourth study, ANCOVA was used to explore between group differences, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to explore relations between person measures from the different A-ONE scales. Results: The first study of 209 persons diagnosed with CVA and dementia provided support for converting the ordinal ADL scale to an interval scale that has potential to be used to measure change in ADL performance over time. The second and third studies, including 206 and 422 persons respectively, indicated that it is possible to construct several unidimensional versions of a new NBI scale from the neurobehavioral items of the instrument, each with different item content and hierarchical item structure. Further, some of these NBI scales could be used across different diagnostic groups. When exploring differences between 215 persons with RCVA and LCVA on the NBI scale developed for CVA, results of the ANCOVA (with ADL ability as a covariate) indicated that there is no significant difference between groups in their mean NBI measures, despite known differences in patterns of neurobehavioral impairments. Conclusions: The results of this thesis indicate that the A-ONE, although developed by traditional psychometric methods for the purpose of providing useful information for intervention planning, now also has the potential to be used to measure change and compare diagnostic groups. This additional feature will likely enhance both clinical and research potential of the instrument. In order to make the results of the study accessible for clinicians, conversion tables need to be developed.
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Árnadóttir, Guðrún. "Measuring the impact of body functions on occupational performance validation of the ADL-focused occupation-based neurobehavioral evaluation (A-ONE) /." Umeå : Umeå university, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32083.
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Meymand, Sajjad Zeinoddini. "State of the Art Roller Rig for Precise Evaluation of Wheel-Rail Contact Mechanics and Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64920.
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The focus of this study is on the development of a state-of-the-art single-wheel roller rig for studying contact mechanics and dynamics in railroad applications. The use of indoor-based simulation tools has become a mainstay in vehicle testing for the automotive and railroad industries. In contrast to field-testing, roller rigs offer a controlled laboratory environment that can provide a successful path for obtaining data on the mechanics and dynamics of railway systems for a variety of operating conditions. The idea to develop a laboratory test rig started from the observation that there is a need for better-developed testing fixtures capable of accurately explaining the complex physics of wheel-rail contact toward designing faster, safer, and more efficient railway systems. A review of current roller rigs indicated that many desired functional requirements for studying contact mechanics currently are not available. Thus, the Virginia Tech Railway Technologies Laboratory (RTL) has embarked on a mission to develop a state-of-the-art testing facility that will allow experimental testing of contact mechanics in a dynamic, controlled, and consistent manner. VT roller rig will allow for closely replicating the boundary conditions of railroad wheel-rail contact via actively controlling all the wheel-rail interface degrees of freedom: cant angle, angle of attack, and lateral displacement. Two sophisticated independent drivelines are configured to precisely control the rotational speed of the wheels, and therefore their relative slip or creepage. A novel force measurement system, suitable for steel on steel contact, is configured to precisely measure the contact forces and moments at the contact patch. The control architecture is developed based on the SynqNet data acquisition system offered by Kollmorgen, the motors supplier. SynqNet provides a unified communication protocol between actuators, drives, and data acquisition system, hence eliminating data conversion among them. Various design analysis indicates that the rig successfully meets the set requirements: additional accuracy in measurements, and better control on the design of experiments. The test results show that the rig is capable of conducting various contact mechanics studies aimed for advancing the existing art. Beyond developing the experimental testing fixture for studying contact mechanics, this study provides a comprehensive review of the contact models. It discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing the models, compares the models functionality, and highlights the open areas that require further experimental and theoretical research. In addition, a multi-body dynamic model of the entire rig, using software package SIMPACK, is developed for conducting modal analysis of the rig and evaluating the performance of the rig's components. A MATLAB routine is also developed that provides a benchmark for developing creep curves from measurements of the rig and comparing them with existing creep curves.Ph. D.
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Orwin, Claire Nicola. "An evaluation of the performance of an optical measurement system for the three-dimensional capture of the shape and dimensions of the human body." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4908.
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As the clothing industry moves away from traditional models of mass production there has been increased interest towards customised clothing. The technology to produce cost effective customised clothing is already in place however the prerequisite to customised clothing is accurate body dimensional data. In response, image capture systems have been developed which are capable of recording a three-dimensional image of the body, from which measurements and shape information may be extracted. The use of these systems for customised clothing has, to date, been limited due to issues of inaccuracy, cost and portability. To address the issue of inaccuracy a diagnostic procedure has been developed through the performance evaluation of an image capture system. By systematically evaluating physical and instrumental parameters the more relevant sources of potential error were identified and quantified and subsequently corrected to form a `closed loop' experimental procedure. A systematic test procedure is therefore presented which may be universally applied to image capture systems working on the same principle. The methodology was based upon the isolation and subsequent testing of variables that were thought to be potential sources of error. The process therefore included altering the physical parameters of the target object in relation to the image capture system and amending the configuration and calibration settings within the system. From the evaluation the most relevant sources of error were identified as the cosine effect, measurement point displacement, the dimensional differences between views and the influence of the operator in measurement. The test procedure proved to be effective in both evaluating the performance of the system under investigation and in enabling the quantification of errors. Both random and systematic errors were noted which may be quantified or corrected to enable improved accuracy in the measured results. Recommendations have been made for the improvement of the performance of the current image capture system these include the integration of a cosine effect correction algorithm and suggestions for the automation of the image alignment process. The limitations of the system such as its reliance on manual intervention for both the measurement and stitching processes, are discussed, as is its suitability for providing dimensional information for bespoke clothing production. Recommendations are also made for the creation of an automated test procedure for testing the performance of alternative image capture systems, which involves evaluating the accuracy of object replication both for multiple and single image capture units using calibration objects which combine a range of surfaces.
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Young, Kieran. "The development and evaluation of a testing protocol to assess upper body pressing strength qualities in high performance athletes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/554.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an isometric force assessment (isometric bench press) across 4 standardised angles and an isoinertial force and velocity assessment (ballistic bench throw) utilising a relative load based on a percentage of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press; and to evaluate whether the use of the dynamic strength deficit (DSD) ratio can guide training and detect changes induced by training over a 5 week period.
METHODS: Twenty four elite male athletes (age = 19.9 ± 2.7yrs; mass = 79.1 ± 13.0kg) performed the isometric bench press and a 45% 1RM ballistic bench throw on 2 separate days with 48 hours between testing occasions. Peak force, peak power, peak velocity, peak displacement and peak rate of force development were assessed using a force plate and linear position transducer. Reliability was assessed by Intra- Class Correlation (ICC), Percent Coefficient of Variation (%CV) and Typical Error (TE). The athletes’ DSD ratios were then calculated using the peak force values obtained during the BBT and IBP (DSD = IBP peak force/BBT peak force). Athletes were then placed in to 2 groups as matched-pairs based on their DSD ratio and their strength in the 1RM bench press. The Bench Press (BP) Group performed high intensity bench press while the Ballistic Bench Throw Group performed moderate intensity ballistic bench throws. Both groups trained twice a week for 5 weeks.
RESULTS: All performance measures except for peak rate of force development were considered reliable (ICC = 0.85-0.97, %CV = 1.2-3.3). The DSD ratio was sensitive to the disparate training methods between groups, with the BP Group increasing their IBP peak force (p = 0.035), the BBT Group increasing their bench throw performance (p ≤ 0.001), and as a result, yielding a significant change (p ≤ 0.001) in the DSD for both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Performance measures such as peak force in the isometric bench press and ballistic bench throw are reliable when assessing upper body pressing strength qualities in elite male athletes. Further, the DSD can be used to detect qualities of relative deficiency and guide specific training interventions based on test results.
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Brown, Katie M. "Development of the Negative Attentional Bias during Exercise Measure and the Rumination and Escape Thoughts Measure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1042.
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The primary purpose of this study was to develop a measure to assess negative attentional bias toward changes in bodily sensations during exercise and to examine the reliability and validity of that measure. A secondary purpose was to develop a measure to assess tendencies toward rumination about the changes in bodily sensations and tendencies to have escape thoughts with regard to the exercise bout. While global measures of anxiety, rumination, and escape thoughts already exist, the advantage of these newly developed measures is that they are context specific to exercise. Participants in this study consisted of 329 undergraduate students. The mean age for the participants was 19.94. Participants were given, via an online survey, two newly created measures as well as established measures of neuroticism, pessimism, trait anxiety, and current exercise habits. The two newly created measures yielded reliable scores via examination of internal consistency. The results also demonstrated that the newly created context specific measures correlated significantly with global measures of neuroticism, pessimism, and trait anxiety; evidence for convergent validity. Last, the new measures correlated more strongly with current exercise habits than the global measures; evidence for convergent-divergent validity.
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Santos, Luana Caroline dos. "Efeitos da perda de peso na massa óssea e alterações metabólicas em adolescentes obesos pós-púberes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-11042008-162645/.
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A obesidade encontra-se associada a uma série de alterações metabólicas que podem elevar o risco de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis. Em contraste, o excesso de peso apresenta-se como um fator protetor para a ocorrência de fraturas e baixa densidade óssea. Considerando que a adolescência é um período crucial para aquisição da massa óssea e minimização do risco de osteoporose na maturidade e os efeitos da perda de peso sobre a massa óssea, neste estágio de vida, não são completamente elucidados, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido. Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos da perda de peso sobre a massa óssea e as alterações metabólicas em adolescentes obesos pós-púberes. Realizou-se a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e um estudo longitudinal contemplando um período de 9 meses de intervenção baseada em dieta hipocalórica e orientações nutricionais. Foram incluídos 55 adolescentes pós-púberes, 43 meninas, com média de idade de 16,6 (1,4) anos, com índice de massa corporal por idade superior ao percentil 95. Os participantes foram monitorados a cada três semanas por meio de avaliação antropométrica (aferição do peso, estatura e circunferência) e do consumo alimentar (recordatório alimentar de 24 horas). Realizaram-se avaliações da composição corporal e da densidade mineral óssea de corpo total por meio da DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), do consumo alimentar (registro alimentar de 3 dias) e de parâmetros metabólicos (colesterol total e frações, tricilgliceróis, glicemia de jejum, insulina, leptina e grelina) no início do estudo, após 3 meses e ao fim da intervenção. Verificou-se que 44,4 por cento dos participantes não apresentavam redução do peso. O grupo que respondeu à intervenção apresentou média de perda de peso de 6,2 (4,6) por cento ao fim do estudo. Neste grupo, houve significativa redução do consumo energético, de 2105,4 (537,6) Kcal/dia na primeira avaliação para 1738,8 (608,4) Kcal/dia ao fim do estudo. Observou-se incremento da atividade física entre os participantes e melhora dos parâmetros metabólicos entre adolescentes que perderam peso.Obesity is associated with several metabolic changes that may increase the risk of chronic diseases. Body weight is recognized as a protective factor against fractures and lower bone density. Considering that adolescence is a crucial period for bone mass acquisition and osteoporosis risk reduction in maturity and the effects of weight loss on bone mass in this life stage are not completely elucidated, the present study was performed. The objective was to investigate the effects of weight loss as well the metabolic changes related to bone mass in post-puberal adolescents. Bibliographic review and a longitudinal study, with adolescents submitted to nutritional intervention based on hipocaloric diet and nutritional advice during 9 months, were realized. Fifty-five subjects, 43 girls, mean age of 16.6 (1.4) years, with body mass index by age superior than 95 percentile, were recruited. Subjects were monitored every three weeks with anthropometric (weight, height and circumferences) and dietary intake (24h food intake recall) evaluation. Body composition and total-body bone mineral density. (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), metabolic parameters (plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin and ghrelin concentrations) and dietary intake (3-day food records) were evaluated at the baseline, after 3-months and at the end of the study. Sixteen participants thatcompleted the study did not lost weight. The group that adhered to intervention nutritional had mean weight loss of 6.2 (4.6) %. In this group, there was a significant decrease in energy intake, from 2105.4 (537.6) Kcal/day to 1738.8 (608.4) Kcal/day. Physical activity pratice increased between participants and there were metabolic parameters improvement in adolescents who lose weight. In these subjects, hypercholesterolemia and insulin resistance decreased, 7,9% and 27.2% (p<0.05) respectively, after 3 months of intervention. There was a significant increase of total bone mineral density and bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescents did not lost weight. Increased BMC and bone area was verified in participants that adhered to intervention nutritional. Bone parameters changes were associated with body fat alterations. The increment in bone mineral density even under weight loss showed no negative effect of bone mass. Dietary intake change and weight control contributed to metabolic parameters improvement of obese adolescents.
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Tolonen, P. (Pekka). "Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity:primary, intermediate, and long-term results including quality of life studies." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288722.
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Abstract
Morbid obesity is the most rapidly increasing health threat of developed countries, and the costs caused by it are already higher than those of smoking. In an increasing number of developing countries both starvation and morbid obesity are increasing simultaneously. Obesity in children and adolescents is also increasing rapidly. Conservative treatment almost invariably fails when treating morbid obesity. Results of pharmacotherapy have been disappointing after great expectations. Laparoscopic gastric banding has been used in the treatment of morbid obesity since 1993. The method was first used mostly in Europe. In the USA either an open or laparoscopic gastric bypass have been the most common methods of surgery.
The aim of this study was to investigate the operation results of 280 patients operated in Vaasa Central Hospital during the 11 years after March 1996. Of these patients, 123 have been followed at least 5 years. The results have been analyzed with BAROS that measures the quality of life.
Quality of life was measured prospectively 1 year after surgery with the 15D questionnaire that is validated in the Finnish population. The effect of gastric banding in esophageal motility and reflux was studied prospectively in 31 patients. Late results were analyzed in 123 patients 11 years after the first operation. Mean excess weight loss (EWL) was 56% in patients who had their band in place 7 years after surgery, and 46% in all patients.
There was no mortality related to the operation, and there was only one serious complication. Disease-specific quality of life improved in 78.8% of the patients in 28 months of follow-up. Health-related quality of life was significantly improved 12 months after surgery, but improvement was not connected to the amount of weight loss. The band inhibited reflux 19 months after surgery.
Complications, failures, and reoperations increase with longer follow-up. Weight loss is moderate 9 years after a gastric banding operation, and in carefully selected patients this operation is still a good option in the treatment of morbid obesity.
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MARQUES, Ednira Gleida. "Análise dos índices de classificação de bovinos avaliados em provas de ganho em peso, em confinamento." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/846.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-15Weight gain performance trials (PGP) in feedlot evaluate the weight gain capacity of the animals, making possible the selection based on phenotypical information. Animals are classified based on pondered indexes for productive traits as average daily weight gain, final weight, type or morphological evaluation, scrotal perimeter, ribeye area and fat thickness. Using data from the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ), the aim of this study was to evaluate classification indexes of weight gain performance tests applied to Nellore cattle in feedlot, and to estimate the variance components and the genetic correlations among the traits that compose such indexes. Covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated by the animal model commonly applied in the Restricted Maximum Likelihood Model (REML), using MTDFREML software. Heritability estimates for all traits were medium to high. Genetic correlation estimates were low regarding final weight and average daily weight gain, scrotal perimeter and carcass traits. Final weight, ribeye area, average daily weight gain and fat thickness were considered medium. Therefore, major genetic gain can be obtained when using selection indexes aimed at final weight
As provas de ganho em peso (PGP) em regime de confinamento avaliam a capacidade individual dos animais para ganho em peso, fornecendo subsídios para seleção com base na informação fenotípica individual. A partir das informações obtidas durante a PGP, a classificação final dos animais é baseada em índices ponderados para características produtivas como ganho médio diário, peso final, avaliação de tipo ou morfológica, perímetro escrotal, área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os índices de classificação das provas de ganho em peso em regime de confinamento, bem como estimar os componentes de variância e as correlações genéticas entre as características que compõem esses índices. Foram utilizados dados de PGPs da Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ), referente a raça Nelore. As estimativas dos componentes de (co)variância e parâmetros genéticos foram estimados usando modelos animais comumente aplicados no método de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) por meio do aplicativo MTDFREML. As estimativas de herdabilidade para todas as características foram altas. Já as estimativas entre as características peso final e ganho médio diário, perímetro escrotal e características de carcaça foram de baixa magnitude. As estimativas entre peso final e área de olho de lombo, ganho médio diário e espessura de gordura foram consideradas medianas. Os resultados deste trabalho concluíram que ao utilizar os índices de seleção, tendo como objetivo de seleção o peso final, levou a obtenção de maiores valores genéticos.
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Hung, Yu-Li, and 洪禹利. "The Measurements and Evaluation of the Tissue Electrical Impedence in the Obese During Body Weight Reduction." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24895988601005184514.
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碩士中原大學
醫學工程研究所
90
Abstract Obesity is a common health problem in the world, and the effective treatment is challenging. Obesity is associated with an increased mortality rate and risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Numerous treatments are available for obesity. Anyway, prevention is the best policy. To achieve this goal, periodic measurement of body composition is necessary. Laboratory procedures such as underwater weighing are typically difficult to perform and costly. Although accurate (or not), they''re not feasible for the practitioner. There are numerous field techniques available to practitioners that offer reasonable reproducible results, but can be cumbersome, complicated and time consuming. Besides, the presentation of these Laboratory procedures is too late for the prevention, they only represents the present condition not for the future change. We need better method to predict the early change of tendency and to alert the patient. This study compared the electrical characteristics in acupoints between the obese and the normal population, and follow up the change of Ryodoraku values in the obese during weight reduction. This study was also to evaluate the clinical application of Ryodorku system in weight reduction process and to make the application of Ryodoraku system in the early predicition of body weight change. Ten healthy obese subjects were instructed to follow a weight reduction program, and 6 of 10 completed the initial one month course. The results revealed that: (1) the coefficience of standard deviation of Ryodoraku between the normal population and the obese was statistically different (p< 0.05); (2) the program of this weight reduction was effective; (3) the coefficience of standard deviation of Ryodoraku post weight reduction in the obese was significantly decreased than that of Ryodoraku before weight reduction (p<0.05). With this research results, there will be a good potential ability for the extended application of the Ryodoraku neurometer system in the prevention of the obesity.
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Li, Yu-Ching, and 李育青. "Evaluation of Individual Body Weight Management." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19476830100024497073.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
生物科技系暨研究所
98
ABSTRACT In recent years, the prevalence of obesity is increasing due to the culture of dietary of West Country influencing. It has been an important public healthy problem in many countries. Over the years, among the top 10 factors which causing the death in Taiwan, excepting suicide, there are all associated with obesity nearly. Moreover, the complications of obesity are diabetes, kidney disease…etc, has been causing expenditure of National Health Insurance loading year by year! According to a report shown from National Healthy Insurance Administration in 2001; in Taiwan, among those people who had healthy insurance, 2.5% has classified diabetes. At meanwhile, the indication of administration; medication insurance costs of diabetes had occupied 11.5% in 1998. A main objectives of this study was aim to healthy weight management center in south of Taiwan which is adopting noninvasive therapies. Balancing their diets and managing calories were the methods of this study. There were 125 members attended this study. Besides was designed the control group 56 participants for this study who were had taken body examination routinely and waist hip ratio records and had the same questionnaire with experimental group. The items of assessment for this study were including: family history, life style, biochemical examination, and anthropometry. In order to analysis among those items-relation and make a statically analysis. The feature of this study we were interfere a specialty group of dietitians for weight management effectively plans. The reports of controlling under calories restricted plan were collected within two years, there were some significant observations after statistical examination: 1. Having the inherited diseases of diabetes and hypertension tends to being obesity easily. 2. People are relative to obesity that has those situations: without regular exercise, eating out and gut disorder 3. The comparison of experimental to control group from their biochemical exam report, we found that the level of GOT, GPT, UA, TG, CHO, AC glucose and body fat ratio were more significantly than control group. 4. The bust, stomach , waistline and hip of the body shape were reduced significantly than control group, too. Furthermore, the experimental group was divided into three sub-groups for average weight reducing monthly; ±0.5 kg (as control), 1 to 2 kg and over 2 kg respectively. We investigated the effect on probable factor(s) of weight reducing as a reference of weight management. Two significant observations were：1. The efficacy of weight reduction was decreased when the age increased; 2. For person with body weight higher than 80 kg or body mass index (BMI) larger than 30 (kg/m2), the efficacy was improved significantly; 3. In biochemical exam report, we found it could be improved obviously, if weight reduction was higher than 2 kg/month；4. In all groups, the waist hip ratio of anthropometry item improved significantly. According to the results shown in this research; losing weight is definitely way improving for chronic diseases. We may rising people draw more and more attention to preventive medicine through this study due to reducing expenditure of healthy insurance and the importance of prevention is better than cure.
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Pereira, Joana Rita Gonçalves. "Psittacine growth : measurement of daily weight on a psittacine nursery." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5281.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação : Maria Margarida Ferreira Alves ; co-orientação : Filipe Miguel Reis MartinhoMeasuring newborns weight gain per day can be a useful tool to determine if these baby chicks are growing as expected for a healthy bird. Although its importance is acknowledged, current information on what is the expected weight gain/day of a newborn psittacine is limited. The general goal of the present thesis is to determine the standard value of weight gain/day in selected species of psittacines. This study aimed to provide charts and tables and supply a reliable framework for those interested in pediatric psittacine health. All data was obtained in Loro Parque from chicks incubator-born or nestborn from January 2011 to December 2011. For the descriptive analysis SPSS/PASW 20 IBM was used. Disease was taken into account, so animals were stratified into healthy and sick groups. Weight mean in grams by day and respective upper and lower confidence interval (CI) were found. A CI of 95% was applied. All growth curves were obtained with these data. When N<3 (N being the number of psittacines of one species) both upper and lower CI withdraw from the media line, decreasing the confidence of the results. When 3
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Li, Cheng-Hsien, and 李承憲. "The Measurement and Evaluation on Whole-Body Vibration of Garbage Trucks Drivers." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02169619815956996254.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
94
The locally research on whole body vibration has already aimed at the passenger transportation car and train, institute of occupational safety and health last few years is begin to aim at drivers of a forklift, container car and construction to use a machine etc. To carry on measurement evaluation, but regarding the laborer research expose to the whole body vibration, still lack the comprehensive research materials. This research hope for the target which is not investigating yet at domestic - garbage truck, carry on the preliminary vibration determination.This research studies the garbage truck drivers in Douliou City and Minsyong Township. Measuring the actual condition of garbage trucks drivers exposed to whole body vibration. ISO 2631/1-1985、ISO 2631-1:1997 and Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” are used to evaluate tolerable exposure time per day for drivers. The experimental instruments include SVANTEK 948 sound＆vibration analysis instrument, SA 39A seat accelerometer, SVAN 948 analysis software, and etc. It is found that when evaluating the tolerable exposure time in the sampling 23 garbage trucks by Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” exceed 4 hours exposure limits have 6 trucks (26 %).Using ISO 2631/1-1985 to calculate the three axial vectors sum acceleration, most garbage trucks have the tolerable exposure time above 24 hours (91 %).When using equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997 to calculate the three axial vectors sum acceleration, eighteen out of 23 truck type garbage trucks have the tolerable exposure time less than 4 hours (78 %), and using B.2 of ISO 2631-1:1997 to calculate the three axial vectors sum acceleration, eighteen out of 23 truck type garbage trucks have the tolerable exposure time less than 4 hours (78 %). It’s found most garbage trucks drivers don’t work exceed 4 hours per day. Common garbage truck vibration magnitude, weighting of value computation by ISO 2631-1:1997 suggestion, three axial vectors sum acceleration the mean value is 1.43 m/s2. X axis acceleration mean value is 0.4 m/s2. The Y axis acceleration mean value is 0.34 m/s2. Z axis acceleration mean value 1.14 m/s2. Resources recycling trucks vibration magnitude, weighting of value computation by ISO 2631-1:1997 suggestion, three axial vectors sum acceleration the mean value is 1.65 m/s2. X axis acceleration mean value is 0.51 m/s2. The Y axis acceleration mean value is 0.48 m/s2. Z axis acceleration mean value is 1.16 m/s2.
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Yeh, Chieh-Ying, and 葉潔瑩. "Effect of decreasing body weight retention in postpartum women by developing and evaluation of diet and exercise." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44900735776029520896.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
護理學研究所
93
This study aimed to developing and evaluation the effect of decreasing body weight retention in postpartum women by diet and exercise. The project was implemented in different periods of pregnancy (prenatal and postnatal) and its effect on expectant mothers’ weight control was observed at the same time. This study adopted experimental design and randomly sampled 180 expectant mothers in the second period of pregnancy as its subjects. According to the timing of intervention, the subjects were categorized into three groups: contrast group, prenatal group, and postnatal group. The contrast received standard care; instead, the prenatal and postnatal groups received the intervention project respectively in the second period of pregnancy and in the postnatal recuperation. Observation started from the second period of pregnancy to the third month after delivery. The major findings of this study are : (1)In “weight gaining in pregnancy” and “postnatal weight retain situation” the prenatal group is significance much lower than groups of postnatal group and contrast group (p=.00). (2)the three groups showed statistical significance in the degree of healthy promotion lifestyle (p=.03), after diet and exercise intervene, the prenatal group is significance much lower than postnatal group and contrast group (p=.00) in “exercise”; there are nothing different between prenatal group and postnatal group in “nutrition”, but two experiment group are significance much higher than contrast group (p=.00). (3)In “body image attitude” and “depression degree”, the prenatal group is much more satisfied than the other groups(p=.02). (4)In “social support” and “health behavior self efficacy”, the prenatal group is much more satisfied than the other groups(p=.00). (5) For all of these three groups, they showed no significance different effect elements at “factors related to health-promoting lifestyle behaviors” and “health attitudes”. This study significantly verified the effect of intimate intervention on expectant mothers’ weight control, which could serve as reference for future nursing education and clinical experiments in the hope that the health of expect mothers could be improved.
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Wheat, Andrew N. "Evaluation of body composition measurements associated with low bone mineral density." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1612301.
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Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community onlyAccess to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Cooper, Aaron Jay. "Evaluation of Udder Conformation, Weight, Body Condition, Reproduction, Disposition, and Calf Growth in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10203.
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Data were analyzed on 2 to 6 yr old cows to evaluate sire and family effects. Cows were produced in the McGregor Genomics Project from 13 embryo transfer (ET) full sib families (n = 188, F2 Nellore-Angus (NA)) and 4 half sib natural service (NS) families (n = 114, out of 1/2 Brahman 1/2 British dams) from the same 4 F1 NA sires. The ET and NS cows were analyzed separately and together as paternal half sibs (PHS). Daughters of bull 437J had the highest calving rate and weaning rate; daughters of 551G were the lowest in ET, and daughters of 297J were the lowest in NS. Calves out of daughters of 551G were the heaviest at birth; those from of daughters of 437J were the lightest in NS and PHS. Calves out of daughters of 297J were the heaviest at weaning in ET and PHS, and those from daughters of 432H were the lightest. Calves from daughters of 297J and 437J gained the most weight and those from daughters of 432H gained the least. Daughters of 297J and 551G had longer and larger diameter teats and lower udder support scores (more pendulous) than daughters of 432H and 437J. Daughters of 437J had the highest body condition score (BCS); daughters of 551G were the lowest in ET and NS. Calves from daughters of 297J had the highest BCS at weaning. Those out of daughters of 551G had the lightest WWT, those out of daughters of 437J were the heaviest in NS and PHS, and those out of daughters of 432H were the heaviest in ET. Daughters of 437J and 551G scored the highest for disposition (least docile) in ET and PHS, and daughters of 432H were lowest. The regression of WWT on weaning age was 0.82 plus/minus 0.07 in ET, 0.71 plus/minus 0.08 in NS, and 0.78 plus/minus 0.05 kg/d in PHS. There appears to be sufficient variation within and between these full sib and half sib families for use in QTL analysis for major genes affecting cow productivity in NA crosses.
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Ye, Qing-Zong, and 葉青宗. "The Measurement and Evaluation of Health Risks on Whole-Body Vibration of Oil Tank Lorry Drivers." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37260631237487918649.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
93
The method and objective of this study is to measure the vibration received by 28 oil tank lorry drivers. The random sampling method is used and the vibration magnitude of the drivers is measured during the entire journey. Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” and the methods recommended by ISO 2631/1-1985 and ISO 2631-1:1997 are used to evaluate the health risk of the drivers. While assessing the health risks, the tolerable exposure time is evaluated based on the three axial vectors sum acceleration calculated by equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997. Three out of 7 truck type oil tank lorries have the tolerable exposure time less than 8 hours (43 %), and 19 out of 21 haul truck type oil tank lorries have the tolerable exposure time less than 8 hours (90 %). When the worst axis acceleration is calculated by equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997, there is one truck type oil tank lorry of which the tolerable exposure time is less than 8 hours (14 %), and so are 13 haul truck type oil tank lorries (62 %). While assessing the potential health risks, the tolerable exposure time is less than 8 hours either using equation B.1 or equation B.2. It indicates that all oil tank lorry drivers in Taiwan are exposed to the potential health risk of whole body vibration. In comparison with two different assessment methods, all 28 vehicles (100 %) evaluated based on three axial vectors sum acceleration using equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997 have less tolerable exposure time than that regulated by 301 articles of “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health. While using the worst acceleration calculated by equation B.1, nineteen vehicles (68 %) have less tolerable exposure time compared to that in the 301 articles norm.
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CHEN, XIU-JIN, and 陳秀錦. "Evaluation of lipid and fatty acid requirement of juvenile Penaeus monodon by weight gain, sruvival rate and body composition." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26030310839188144654.
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LIU, YI-KUN, and 劉怡焜. "The measurement & evaluation of whole body vibration (WBV) and the health effects of WBV on bus drivers." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44141405471879459713.
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Bryan, Dervan D. S. L. "Nutritive Evaluation of Mechanically-Pressed Canola (Brassica napus L.) Meal for Broiler Chickens." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/35346.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanically pressed Brassica napus L. meals’ digestibility nutritional compositions were evaluated with digestibility studies. Two growth trials were conducted identifying the meals’ maximum dietary inclusion level in broiler chicken diets. Heat reduced nutrient digestibility of mechanically pressed black canola meal (MPBCM). Meals with higher residual oil had higher AMEn. Enzyme addition did not affect MPBCM AMEn but increased standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of meal with high residual oil. Carbohydrase increased AMEn of mechanically pressed yellow canola meal (MPYCM) while lipase generally improved SIAAD. MPBCM with 12 and 17% residual oil can be fed up 15% in the starter and grower diets but at 10% in finisher diet. Mechanically pressed black canola meal (MPYCM) with 12% residual oil should be fed in the starter and finisher diets at 10% and 15% in grower diet. Meal with 17% residual oil should be fed only at 10% in finisher diet.Masters Thesis
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Castelló, Palacios Sergio. "Wideband Electromagnetic Body Phantoms for the Evaluation of Wireless Communications in the Microwave Spectrum." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/132182.
Full textAbstract:
[ES] La constante evolución de la tecnología y la búsqueda de nuevas aplicaciones que mejoren la vida de las personas ha llevado a la incorporación de estas tecnologías en el organismo. Las redes inalámbricas de área corporal (WBAN) son un buen ejemplo de esto, que consisten en redes de comunicaciones ubicadas en el propio cuerpo, tanto en la superficie como implantadas en su interior mediante el uso de dispositivos inalámbricos. Estas redes utilizan el cuerpo humano como medio de transmisión, por lo que debe evaluarse la influencia del mismo sobre la propagación. Además, las nuevas generaciones de comunicaciones móviles se están moviendo hacia el uso de frecuencias cada vez más altas, como las ondas milimétricas, que son más sensibles a la presencia de cualquier objeto en el entorno, incluidos los humanos. La investigación y el diseño de antenas y dispositivos que tengan en cuenta el cuerpo humano requiere pruebas en el entorno donde se supone que deben usarse. Los fantomas se convierten en una herramienta para evaluar la transmisión de señales electromagnéticas en un medio equivalente al cuerpo para evitar la experimentación en humanos o animales. Además de eso, se puede estudiar la influencia de estas ondas electromagnéticas sobre los propios tejidos en cuanto a la tasa de absorción específica (SAR).[CAT] L'evolució constant de la tecnologia i la recerca de noves aplicacions que milloren la vida de les persones ha portat a la incorporació d'aquestes tecnologies en l'organisme. Les xarxes sense fils d'àrea corporal (WBAN) són un bon exemple d'açò, que consisteixen en xarxes de comunicacions ubicades al propi cos, tant en la superfície com implantades en el seu interior mitjançant l'ús de dispositius sense fils. Aquestes xarxes empren el cos humà com a medi de transmissió, per la qual cosa se n'ha d'avaluar la influència sobre la propagació. A més, les noves generacions de comunicacions mòbils s'estan movent cap a l'ús de freqüències cada vegada més altes, com les ones mil·limètriques, que són més sensibles a la presència de qualsevol objecte en l'entorn, incloent-hi els humans. La investigació i el disseny d'antenes i dispositius que tinguen en compte el cos humà requereix proves en l'entorn on se suposa que han d'usar-se. Els fantomes esdevenen una eina per a avaluar la transmissió de senyals electromagnètics en un medi equivalent al cos per tal d'evitar l'experimentació en humans o animals. A més d'això, es pot estudiar la influència d'aquestes ones electromagnètiques sobre els teixits mateixos en relació amb la taxa d'absorció específica (SAR).
[EN] The constant evolution of technology and the search for new applications that improve people's lives has led to the arrival of the incorporation of these technologies in the organism. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are a good example of this, consisting of communications networks located in the body itself, both on the surface and implanted inside it through the use of wireless devices. These networks use the human body as the transmitting medium, so its influence over the propagation has to be assessed. Besides, new generations of mobile communications are moving towards the use of higher frequencies, as the millimetre waves, which are more sensitive to the presence of any object in the environment, including humans. The research and design of antennas and devices that take into account the human body requires testing in the environment where these are supposed to be used. Phantoms become a tool for evaluating the transmission of electromagnetic signals in a body-equivalent medium in order to avoid experimentation on humans or animals. In addition to that, the influence of these electromagnetic waves over the tissues themselves can be studied with regard to the specific absorption rate (SAR).
This thesis has been possible thanks to the funding contribution of the Universitat Polit`ecnica de Val`encia through the PAID-01-16 programme. This work was also supported by the UPV-IIS La Fe programme (STUDER, 2016 and EMOTE, 2017). The research stay was supported by the European Union’s Erasmus+ funding programme under a traineeship grant.
Castelló Palacios, S. (2019). Wideband Electromagnetic Body Phantoms for the Evaluation of Wireless Communications in the Microwave Spectrum [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/132182
TESIS
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Becker, Maria Catarina Sousa. "Programa de gestão e controlo do peso do Ginásio Clube Português." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14051.
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Segundo o ACSM (2014), o Excesso de Peso e a Obesidade são caracterizados pelo excesso de massa gorda, sendo o IMC o critério mais comum para classificá-los e distingui-los. Associado a estas condições encontram-se inúmeras patologias crónicas, incluindo as Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV), a Diabetes Tipo II (DT2), várias formas de cancro e diversos problemas musculo-esqueléticos. A Atividade Física (AF) e o Exercício Físico (EF) demonstram ser benéficos para a prevenção e tratamento do excesso de peso e obesidade, acarretando inúmeras alterações a nível da composição corporal, capacidade cardiorespiratória, capacidade funcional e, ainda, melhorias na saúde e bem-estar psicológico.
Estagiar no Ginásio Clube Português foi, sem dúvida, uma aprendizagem que levo para a vida e que futuramente irei aplicar a nível profissional. É de referir que me foram dadas todas as ferramentas para que este processo fosse concluído com sucesso, graças ao excelente acompanhamento e condições disponibilizadas tanto pela instituição como pelo grupo multidisciplinar envolvido.
Foram estabelecidos alguns objetivos de forma a facilitar todo o processo de estágio, e com o finalizar do mesmo posso dizer que, foi possível cumprí-los da melhor forma possível e com os recursos disponibilizados.
Este relatório aborda a temática da Gestão e Controlo do Peso, e todo o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo de um ano letivo de estágio no Ginásio Clube Português.According to ACSM (2014), excess weight and obesity are characterized by excess of fat mass, with BMI being the most common criterion for classifying and distinguishing them. Associated with these conditions are numerous chronic pathologies including Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), various forms of cancer and various musculoskeletal problems. Physical Activity and Exercise have been shown to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, leading to numerous changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory capacity, functional capacity, and improvements in health and psychological well-being. The experience of internships at the Ginásio Clube Português was, undoubtedly, a learning process that I take to life and that in the future I will apply at a professional level. It should be noted that I was given all the tools for this process to be completed successfully, and all thanks to the excellent supervision and conditions provided by both the institution and the multidisciplinary group involved. Some objectives were established in order to facilitate the entire internship process, and with the end of it i can say that it was possible to fulfill them in the best possible way and with the resources made available. This report addresses the issue of Weight Control and Management, and all the work developed over one year traineeship.
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Liu, Jiayang. "Electrochemical behaviors of micro-arc oxidation coated magnesium alloy." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5966.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)In recent years, magnesium alloys, due to their high strength and biocompatibility, have attracted significant interest in medical applications, such as cardiovascular stents, orthopedic implants, and devices. To overcome the high corrosion rate of magnesium alloys, coatings have been developed on the alloy surface. Most coating methods, such as anodic oxidation, polymer coating and chemical conversion coating, cannot produce satisfactory coating to be used in human body environment. Recent studies demonstrate that micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique can produce hard, dense, wear-resistant and well-adherent oxide coatings for light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. Though there are many previous studies, the understanding of processing conditions on coating performance remains elusive. Moreover, previous tests were done in simulated body fluid. No test has been done in a cell culture medium, which is much closer to human body environment than simulated body fluid. In this study, the effect of MAO processing time (1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes) on the electrochemical behaviors of the coating in both conventional simulated body fluid and a cell culture medium has been investigated. Additionally a new electrolyte (12 g/L Na2SiO3, 4 g/L NaF and 4 ml/L C3H8O3) has been used in the MAO coating process. Electrochemical behaviors were measured by performing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. In addition to the tests in simulated body fluid, the MAO-coated and uncoated samples were immersed in a cell culture medium to investigate the corrosion behaviors and compare the difference in these two kinds of media. The results show that in the immersion tests in conventional simulated body fluid, the 20-minute MAO coated sample has the best resistance to corrosion due to the largest coating thickness. In contrast, in the cell culture medium, all MAO coated samples demonstrate a similar high corrosion resistance behavior, independent of MAO processing time. This is probably due to the organic passive layers formed on the coating surfaces. Additionally, a preliminary finite element model has been developed to simulate the immersion test of magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid. Comparison between the predicted corrosion current density and experimental data is discussed.