Journal articles: 'Body size Measurement'

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Foysal, Kamrul Hasan, Hyo-Jung (Julie) Chang, Francine Bruess, and Jo-Woon Chong. "Body Size Measurement Using a Smartphone." Electronics 10, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111338.

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Measuring body sizes accurately and rapidly for optimal garment fit detection has been a challenge for fashion retailers. Especially for apparel e-commerce, there is an increasing need for digital and convenient ways to obtain body measurements to provide their customers with correct-fitting products. However, the currently available methods depend on cumbersome and complex 3D reconstruction-based approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel smartphone-based body size measurement method that does not require any additional objects of a known size as a reference when acquiring a subject’s body image using a smartphone. The novelty of our proposed method is that it acquires measurement positions using body proportions and machine learning techniques, and it performs 3D reconstruction of the body using measurements obtained from two silhouette images. We applied our proposed method to measure body sizes (i.e., waist, lower hip, and thigh circumferences) of males and females for selecting well-fitted pants. The experimental results show that our proposed method gives an accuracy of 95.59% on average when estimating the size of the waist, lower hip, and thigh circumferences. Our proposed method is expected to solve issues with digital body measurements and provide a convenient garment fit detection solution for online shopping.

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Johnson, Donald R. "Measurement of weasel body size." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 2277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-318.

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Body size of long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata) and short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea) collected in northern and central Idaho was indexed using cranial length, zygomatic width, cranial mass, body mass, and body length (total less tail) as size variables. In comparison with the other variables, body length had lower and sometimes nonsignificant correlations with principal component 1 (PC1) scores of principal component analysis, suggesting that its further use as an index of body size for these species is inappropriate. Young males (6–9 months of age) of one or both species, similar in body size to adult females, occurred in all regions sampled. Because body size alone is not a reliable method of separating juvenile males from adult females, specimens identified as male lacking the baculum or tag information independently confirming sex are possibly misclassified.

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Ai, Biao, and Qi Li. "SOLOv2-based multi-view contactless bovine body size measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2294, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2294/1/012011.

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Abstract To address the problems that traditional bovine body measurement methods require a lot of manual assistance and lead to stress reactions in cattle, this paper achieves contactless measurement of bovine body length, withers height, chest breath, belly breath and chest depth by using a deep learning approach. This paper use SOLOv2 instance segmentation to identify cattle and extract cattle contours from the top and side views, combines cattle image dataset and OpenCV image processing function to extract cattle feature parts, and use discrete curvature calculation method to extract cattle body size to calculate feature points, and calculate cattle body size parameters by Euclidean distance calculation method. Experiments were conducted using custom model cattle to which bovine body size measurements were taken, after comparing with the manual measurement results, the average relative errors of body length, body height, chest depth, chest breath and belly breath of the model cattle were 1.36%, 0.44%, 2.05%, 2.80% and 1.47%, respectively. The experiment proved that this measurement method performed well in the non-contact measurement of bovine body size and had good accuracy, which provided a new way and method for the measurement of the non-stress response of cattle.

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Pei, Jie, Huiju Park, Susan P. Ashdown, and Arzu Vuruskan. "A sizing improvement methodology based on adjustment of interior accommodation rates across measurement categories within a size chart." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify common issues among commercial body size charts, and to propose a sizing improvement methodology without changing the number of sizes in the range. One goal is to equalize the number of people accommodated by each size within the range, and to propose a way to evaluate the effectiveness of the improvement. Design/methodology/approach The proposed method consists of three phases: (Phase I) identify target population; (Phase II) analysis of existing size charts; and (Phase III) improvement of the initial size chart. Phase III is the key process, which includes repeated manipulation of intersize intervals of the three primary measurements (chest, waist and hip) for improved consistency of overall and interior accommodate rates among the three measurement categories. A program was developed in RStudio® to generate trials and side-by-side bar plots for visualization of the differences in accommodate rates. Findings The main issue in commercial body size charts observed is the inconsistency of the interior accommodation rates among measurement categories. Some other issues include: lack of important measurements, failure to provide ranges and gaps between measurement ranges of adjacent sizes. Originality/value This paper proposed a complete work flow to improve body size charts to fix the common issues. The method integrates historic size information and new anthropometric information extracted from a national-scale sizing database (e.g. SizeUSA). The study also brought association of the secondary body measurements with primary measurements without using linear regression. Hence, information from body size charts can be more efficiently used in acquiring other size information.

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Cha, Su-Joung. "Comparison of Size between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning." Fashion business 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12940/jfb.2012.16.1.150.

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Mustofa, F., A. Fathoni, A. P. Z. N. L. Sari, H. Sasongko, and D. Maharani. "Body weight and body size measurement of five Indonesian local chicken." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 788, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/788/1/012016.

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Gnawali, Suman, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Mukunda Psd Humagain, Prakash Kayastha, and Durga Panthi. "Measurement of Corpus Callosum Size Using MRI In Nepalese Population." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 3.3 (September 5, 2021): 8079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.138.

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Corpus callosum (CC) is the main fiber tract connecting the cortical and sub-cortical regions of the right, left hemispheres, and plays an essential role in the integration of information between the two hemispheres. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the dimensions of corpus callosum can be studied. In this cross-sectional quantitative study 80 cases of normal MRI head were selected for study over two months. T1 weighted sagittal spin-echo images with slice thickness of 6 mm, planned from an axial and coronal image were used for measuring length and thickness of corpus callosum. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS ver.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages and bar diagram. The mean Corpus callosum (CC) length was 68.06 mm in the study population (n=80). The mean thickness of Genu, Body and Splenium were 9.15,5.2 and 9.08 mm respectively and average thickness was 7.81 mm. Statistically significant differences in size of CC for various age groups in both sexes were observed. The mean length of CC was 68.06 mm and mean thickness of CC was 7.81 mm. There were variation in the size of CC with age and sex. The Pearson correlation Coefficient is 0.48829 between Age and Length of CC, its P-value is 0.0019 KEY WORD: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Corpus callosum (CC), Genu, Body, Splenium Sagittal Spin-Echo.

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Wells, JCK, and NJ Fuller. "Precision of measurement and body size in whole-body air-displacement plethysmography." International Journal of Obesity 25, no. 8 (August 2001): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801634.

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Xiaohui, Tan, Peng Xiaoyu, Liu Liwen, and Xia Qing. "Automatic human body feature extraction and personal size measurement." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 47 (August 2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2018.05.002.

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Saputra, E. A., M. F. Ulum, and J. Jakaria. "Association of SNP g.643G>A of MYF5 gene polymorphism with body weight and body measurements in Bali cattle." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 45, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.45.1.1-6.

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This study aimedto identify the SNP g.643G>Aof MYF5 genethen associate it with body weight and body size measurements in Bali cattle. Blood samples were collectedfrom 80 bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar Bali. Data on phenotypic properties observed included; birth weight, live weight, average daily gain, body length, chest depth, withers height, hip height, and heart girth. Polymorphismof the MYF5 gene was identifiedusing the PCR-RFLP method. Association of MYF5 genotypes with body weight and body size measurementswas performed using General Linear Model by SAS 9.4 program. MYF5│MspI gene was polymorphic with three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG. Genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG were 0.04 (3), 0.30 (24), and 0.65 (53), respectively. Allele frequencies were 0.19 and 0.81 for A and G alleles, respectively. Gene frequency analysis showed that Bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Association of MYF5│MspI gene with body weight and body measurement were not significantly different. SNP g.643G>A could not be used as a genetic marker for the body weight and body size measurements in Bali cattle.

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Sun, Zijie, Chen Zhang, Xiaofeng Qin, Yu-an Zhang, Rende Song, and Makoto Sakamoto. "Two-Dimensional Image Based Body Size Measurement and Body Weight Estimation for Yaks." Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 24 (January 10, 2019): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2019.os10-3.

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Cheng, Jian Zhong, Hao Tao He, and Xiao Wei Wu. "Research on Car Body Measurement Method Based on Body Repairing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.65.

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In order to improve the vehicle reliability after the repair，the paper analyzes the importance of body measurement in the body repair. It explains the control points, datum, the center surface and zero plane of body measurement, and puts forward the visual observation, general tools measuring method and computer measurement method based on existing measurement methods of body repair. Moreover, this paper researches the using range and measurement features of the three methods, explains the data of body size and the using of the measurement tools. Finally, in order to improve the efficiency and quality of body repair, this paper chooses the reasonable methods to measure based on the body damage and repair parts.

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Tur, Josep A., and Maria del Mar Bibiloni. "Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Human." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081891.

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Anthropometry (from the Greek anthropos: human, and metron: measure) refers to the systematic collection and correlation of measurements of human individuals, including the systematic measurement of the physical characteristics of the human body, primarily body weight, body size, and shape [...]

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Meunier, Pierre. "Use of Body Shape Information in Clothing Size Selection." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (July 2000): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403808.

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To investigate the role of body shape information on clothing size selection, a sample of 143 males were measured and sized using a computerized digital-image based measurement system. Clothing sizes were initially determined by the system using traditional criteria for the long sleeve shirt, jacket and trousers of a military dress uniform. The best-fitting size was determined by trial and error based on subjective feedback and expert judgement, provided by clothing and sizing technicians. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine sizing rules for each garment, based on different sets of anthropometric input variables. Comparisons were made between the prediction performances of discriminant functions derived from traditional variables and those of functions derived from 3D landmark coordinates. The results indicate that the use of three-dimensional landmark coordinates, as input to a discriminant function analysis, is superior to the use of circumference measurements in predicting clothing sizes. The use of these landmarks is thought to improve the classification of cases by allowing a better characterization of body shape.

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Quintana, Fernando G. "Measurement of Liver Size by Ultrasound Unveils Large Livers in Overweight Children." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 4, no. 4 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000210.

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Purpose: To analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile and liver size and to predict the probabilities of fatty liver and hepatomegaly for overweight and obese boys and girls among Mexican-American children. Methods: One thousand two hundred fourteen reports of children visiting a South Texas pediatric clinic from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. Ultrasonography was requested for patients whenever the patient was gaining excessive weight and the readings for alkaline phosphatase levels were 2 SD above the normal population; or when liver enzymes were elevated, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) above 50/46, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) above 47/41, and Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) above 32/28 for boys and girls respectively. The data was analyzed using linear regression and logistic regression models. Results: The results of the analysis support that the probability of fatty liver and hepatomegaly increase exponentially as BMI percentile increases. There is also a positive linear relationship between liver size and BMI percentile. Conclusion: The logistic regression analysis predicts that as BMI percentile increases the probability of fatty liver and hepatomegaly increases.

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Castellini, Giovanni, Alessio Pellegrino, Livio Tarchi, Maria Calabrese, Maria Boddi, Valdo Ricca, Gianfranco Costanzo, and Pietro Amedeo Modesti. "Body-Size Perception among First-Generation Chinese Migrants in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106063.

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Body-size perception is an important factor in motivating people to lose weight. Study aim was to explore the perception of body image among first-generation Chinese migrants living in Italy. A sample of 1258 Chinese first-generation immigrants and of 285 native Italians living in Prato, Italy, underwent blood pressure measurements, blood tests (with measurement of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides), and anthropometric measurements. Body-size perception was investigated with Pulvers’ figure rating scale using logistic or linear multivariable regression adjusted for age, gender, BMI, education and years spent in Italy. Chinese migrants had lower BMI and discrepancy score (preferred minus current body size) than Italians (p < 0.05 for both). After a logistic regression analysis, the discrepancy score remained lower in the Chinese than in the Italian cohort independently from BMI and other confounders (OR 0.68; 95%CI 0.50 to 0.92). In the Chinese cohort, female gender, BMI and years spent in Italy were positive determinants of discrepancy score (desire to be thinner), while age showed negative impact (p < 0.05 for all). Overweight is an important risk factor for diabetes, a very prevalent condition among first-generation Chinese migrants. The present study offers useful information and suggests the need for prevention programs specifically addressed to men.

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BARNARD, PHOEBE. "Ornament and body size variation and their measurement in natural populations." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42, no. 3 (March 1991): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00570.x.

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Oindo, Boniface O. "Body size and measurement of species diversity in large grazing mammals." African Journal of Ecology 40, no. 3 (August 6, 2002): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00372.x.

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BEPPU, Miyuki, Yumiko ITO, Sonoe SAKAKURA, Yoshiko NAKAHO, Kinue HATAKEYAMA, Yayoi FUKUI, and Haruko MAKABE. "The characteristics of body size and figure of young adult women through body measurement data." Japanese journal of ergonomics 33, no. 2 (1997): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.33.97.

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Li, Xiaojiu, and Xiaoning Jing. "The establishment of human body three vital measurements regression relationship based on SVR method." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2013-0125.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain circumference sizes from 2D feature sizes in the parts of three vital measurements of young female, the dimensions of chest width, chest depth, waist width, waist depth, hip width, hip depth, chest girth, waist girth and hip girth of 400 young female samples are collected. Design/methodology/approach – Inside which, 300 samples are used as learning samples, and the remaining 100 samples are used as training samples, the sample data are entered to the network constructed by support vector machine regression (SVR) and the predictive value of circumference sizes are gained. Findings – Finally, the regression model is established between 2D feature size and the corresponding circumference size. Through the trained prediction model based on SVR, the circumference sizes in three vital measurement parts of a new sample are predicted for convenient mass measurement. Originality/value – The research of measurement regression relationship in parts of three vital measurements of young female is the basis for conveniently obtaining dimensions in garment mass measurement. It can provide the accurate data to feminine dress industry, and has high precision.

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Fernandes, Arthur Francisco Araujo, Erika R. de Alvarenga, Tiago L. Passafaro, Fernando B. lopes, Gabriel F. O. Alves, Vikas Singh, and Eduardo M. Turra. "PSII-6 Deep Learning image segmentation for extraction of body measurements and prediction of body weight in Nile tilapia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.480.

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Abstract Individual measurement of traits of interest is of great importance for breeding and management decisions in animal production systems. However, measurements are often taken manually, which is laborious and also stressful for the animals. Therefore, the development of fast, precise and indirect measurement methods is paramount. An appealing way for such a task is through computer vision systems (CVS). Hence, the objectives of the current work were: 1) Devise a CVS for autonomous measurement of Nile tilapia body area, length, height, and eccentricity; and 2) Evaluation of linear models for prediction of body weight (BW). The pixels of 822 RGB images of live fish were labeled into background, fish fins or body using the “MTurk” crowdsourcing service. This dataset was then split into training (60% of data) and testing sets for the development of Deep Learning Networks for image segmentation into the three pixel categories. The networks differed in input image size (10 to 40% of original size) and number of encoder/decoder layer stacks (1 to 5). An independent dataset with 831 images was used for validation of the linear predictive models. The results for intersection over union (IoU) show that a network with input of 20% of the original size and 4 encoder/decoder stacks achieved the best results, with IoU on the test dataset of 99, 90 and 64% for background, fish body and fin, respectively (Figure 1). Predicted segmentation from this network on randomly selected images is shown in Figure 2. From the linear models evaluated, the one considering only area as input showed predicted R2 of 0.92 for fish BW (Table 1). In conclusion, the devised CVS was able to correctly separate fish body from background and fins, and a linear model using fish body area as input provided good predictive quality of Nile tilapia BW.

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Komeyama, Kazuyoshi, Tatsuya Tanaka, Takeharu Yamaguchi, Shigeru Asaumi, Shinsuke Torisawa, and Tsutomu Takagi. "Body Measurement of Reared Red Sea Bream Using Stereo Vision." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 2 (April 20, 2018): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0231.

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For aquaculture management, aquaculture farmers require a new, inexpensive device that can obtain the size of a fish without touching them, replacing the conventional spoon-net sampling method. Conventional sampling involves the risks of physical injury and mental stress to the fish, which may affect their growth rate and mortality. Therefore, we developed methods for monitoring the size of fish, considering red sea bream (RSB) aquaculture, using commercially available cameras. This study evaluates the sample size using the estimated mean fork length value in a cage, and its value is approximately 20 samples with a 2% error rate for a fork length of greater than 30 cm. We measured the fish fork length under water in the cage using both stereo vision and net-sampling methods simultaneously. The examination demonstrated that for RSB aquaculture, the estimated values of fork length from the two methods have no statistical difference. This result implies that our stereo vision system can be effectively applied to monitor RSB growth.

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Li, Guixin, Xinliang Liu, Yafang Ma, Bingbing Wang, Lihua Zheng, and Minjuan Wang. "Body size measurement and live body weight estimation for pigs based on back surface point clouds." Biosystems Engineering 218 (June 2022): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.03.014.

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Weatherhead, Patrick J., and Gregory P. Brown. "Measurement versus estimation of condition in snakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-179.

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Because variation in fat reserves (i.e., condition) is expected to contribute to variation in survival and reproductive success, zoologists often wish to estimate the condition of the animals they study. The conventional condition estimates used for snakes are the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length. Because this estimate of condition is not independent of the variables used to estimate it (i.e., fat is a component of body mass), estimates derived in this fashion will be confounded whenever fat varies nonrandomly with length. To avoid this problem we used total lipid extraction to estimate percent body fat in a representative sample of northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon). The conventional condition index explained less than half the variance in the measured percent body fat in this sample. An improved estimate of condition calculated as the difference between total body mass and predicted lean mass (based on the results of the lipid extraction) explained 70% of the variation in percent body fat in the original sample of snakes. This improved estimate also revealed that condition declined with body size in a large sample of male water snakes measured in early spring over a 4-year period. This last result, coupled with theoretical expectations that condition will not vary randomly with body size in snakes, suggests that researchers interested in condition should derive indices from direct measurements of body fat.

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Rica, Roberta L., João M. Miranda, Alexandre F. Machado, Alexandre L. Evangelista, Cauê La Scala Teixeira, Eliane F. Gama, Graça Pinto, Victor Machado Reis, and Danilo S. Bocalini. "Body-image and -size perception after a single session of HIIT body work in healthy adult men." Motricidade 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.14914.

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It was our objective to analyze the effects of a single session of whole body HIIT on body-image and -scheme parameters of healthy adult men. Twenty-one active, healthy adults performed high-intensity intermittent training based on full body exercise. The training session involved 20 sets of 30 second all-out exercise and 30 seconds of passive recovery between sets. All subjects underwent blood lactate measurement, rate of perceived exertion, feeling scale and body image assessment and perception of body size measurements. Significant differences (p<0.001) were found on blood lactate but not in feeling scale. The values of current and adequate silhouette did not differ between each other and the real silhouette. Significant differences were found on Image Marking Procedure (IMP) (p< 0.003). Additionally, significant differences (p= 0.009) were found on prevalence of adequate, hypoeschematic and hypeschematic. Although alteration was not found on self-perception of body image, a single session of HIIT body work promoted alteration on body size perception in healthy adult men.

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van Gils, Ronald H. J., Linda S. G. L. Wauben, and Onno K. Helder. "Body size measuring techniques enabling stress-free growth monitoring of extreme preterm infants inside incubators: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 22, 2022): e0267285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267285.

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Introduction Growth monitoring of preterm infants is essential for assessing the nutritional effects on their growth. The current growth monitoring techniques are too stressful, however, for the smallest preterm infants. We performed a systematic review to summarize studies on stress-free techniques for measuring the body size of preterm infants inside incubators other than the traditional calliper and tape measure-based instruments. Methods We searched four online literature databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane, using search terms related to patients (neonates, infants, children) and body size measuring techniques. By means of expert judgement we assessed the techniques’ suitability for stress-free body size measurement of an infant lying in an incubator. As a criterion for suitability, we used an imaginary ideal technique. Results Twenty-six studies were included in this review. In 24 studies, the technique for body size measurement was related to 3D technology, and the majority of these studies acknowledged clinical superiority of 3D over 2D data. Two 3D techniques were assessed as suitable for stress-free measurement of preterm infants inside incubators. The first technique used a commercially available 3D handheld scanner which needed 3D postprocessing to derive measurement data. The second technique used a self-developed stereoscopic vision system. Conclusions 3D volumetric parameters have higher clinical value for growth monitoring than 2D. In addition, contactless 3D measurements enable stress-free growth monitoring of even the smallest preterm infants. However, the time-consuming 3D postprocessing challenges the usability of 3D techniques. Regrettably, none of the identified suitable 3D techniques met all our requirements of an ideal all-in-one body size measuring technique for extreme preterm infants. Handheld 3D scanning might have the best properties for developing this ideal technique.

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Wang, Ke, Hao Guo, Qin Ma, Wei Su, Luochao Chen, and Dehai Zhu. "A portable and automatic Xtion-based measurement system for pig body size." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 148 (May 2018): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.03.018.

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HIRAKAWA, Munetaka, Yuuko ARASAKI, Katsunori SUNAGAWA, and Akihisa SHINJO. "The Season of Delivery, Litter Size and Body Measurement in Boer Goats." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 78, no. 1 (2007): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.78.15.

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Paranjape, Swati, and Nikita Singhania. "Effect of Body Positions on Quadriceps Angle Measurement." SciMedicine Journal 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2019-0101-3.

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Background: Quadriceps angle or Q angle is an index of the vector for the combined pull of extensor mechanisms and patellar tendon. It is a clinical measurement for knee and patella alignment. It is not a static but rather a dynamic consequence to the muscle mechanics, leg loading, and foot and leg position. Therefore in present study we assessed whether change of body position i.e. standing and supine position affects the Q angle measurement. Aims and Objectives: Present study aimed at finding whether there are any variations in Q angle in standing and supine position. Objectives of the study were to measure Q angle in supine position and standing position. We intended to assess the variations in the Q angle with change of body position. Methods: In this cross sectional analytical study, we assessed female participants between age group of 18-25 years, in supine and standing position, Q angle was measured in both the positions. Sample size was 100. Results: The results showed statistically significant increase in Q angle in standing position as compared with the supine position (p <0.0001) (C.I. 1.720 to 3.140). Conclusion: There was statistically significant increase in the Q angle measurement in standing as compared with the measurements in supine. Measuring the Q angle is concerned with assessing the knee functions during daily activities and sports participation, therefore assessing this important measurement not only in supine but also in a weight-bearing functional position in clinical setups would be helpful.

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Torun, Bilge İpek, Mehtap Balaban, Ferhat Geneci, and Şükrü Cem Hatipoğlu. "The relationship between the body mass index and the subcutaneous adipose tissue." Anatomy 16, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.9153167.

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the body mass index and ultrasound-measured subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) thickness, in order to propose an alternative non-invasive and inexpensive method to measure the subcutaneous fat. We also evaluated the liver size and the existence of hepatosteatosis, and investigated whether there was a relationship between liver measurements and body mass index (BMI), and the SCAT measurements. Methods: Height, weight, arm SCAT, umbilical SCAT, thigh SCAT, umbilical preperitoneal fat (PPF) and craniocaudal liver size of 72 volunteers were measured and liver parenchymal echogenicity was evaluated with ultrasound. Correlations between BMI and the SCAT, the PPF, and liver measurements were evaluated statistically. Results: BMI was mostly well correlated with umbilical SCAT (r=0.650, p<0.001). The arm SCAT (r=0.549, p<0.001) and the thigh SCAT (r=0.470, p£0.001) followed it. The umbilical PPF was only correlated with the umbilical SCAT. There was no relationship between arm, or thigh SCAT values and existence of hepatosteatosis, but existence of hepatosteatosis was related with umbilical SCAT (p=0.008), and umbilical PPF (p=0.009) values. Conclusion: As an alternative method to skinfold measurement, SCAT measurement with ultrasound can be used to evaluate body fat status.

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Huang, Can Yi. "Study on Classification of Body Shape and Size Grading on Young Women of Quanzhou District." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5319.

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Body measurement was carried out on 500 young women, who come from Quanzhou district, and we also utilized SPSS software to carry on statistic analysis to the samples, 13 measuring body variables were chosen and 11derived variables were calculated. Then classification analysis was used to classify the body shape .Then this paper subdivided the upper body of young woman’s body shape into 4 kinds, the lower body into 4 kinds also .Finally, values of intermediate of every type and stepping number values of every measurement are calculated through regression analysis.So the database of classification of body shape and data of young woman was obtained.

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Kim, Youngsook, Hwa Kyung Song, and Susan P. Ashdown. "Women’s petite and regular body measurements compared to current retail sizing conventions." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-07-2014-0081.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze petite women’s body size and figure and investigate whether current petite sizing charts accurately reflect actual petit size women’s bodies. This study also categorizes petite women’s body shapes and suggests primary body measurements as a base size for each shape. The ultimate goal is to suggest fundamental body measurements for apparel companies to modify and improve their sizing. Design/methodology/approach – This study used data from SizeUSA data to compare body measurements of 18-35-year-old petite women to regular women. The authors compared the results to measurement differences between petite and regular sizing charts of 14 apparel companies. Then, using the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the authors classified petite women’s body shapes. Body measurements for each body type are contrasted with the current petite sizing charts, and then, the authors present differences as suggestions for modification and improvement of petite sizing. Findings – Industry sizing system do not generally represent average petite size women preciously except for stature. Within the petite women, four body types were identified (top petite: 30.0 percent, bottom petite: 30.8 percent, regular petite: 23.6 percent, and plus size: 15.4 percent). Of the four groups, the ASTM D7878 generally represented the “top petite” sizing. Originality/value – It is the first to analyze the industry petite sizing system utilizing population data and focus petite sizing for women aged 18-35. The authors believe this study could draw attention of the apparel industry, providing companies with ideas of how to improve their petite sizing for young women.

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Oates, Simon A., Lynsey Forsythe, John D. Somauroo, Keith P. George, Michael Papadakis, and David Oxborough. "Scaling to produce size-independent indices of echocardiographic derived aortic root dimensions in elite Rugby Football League players." Ultrasound 27, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18818607.

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The assessment of aortic root dimensions is important in cardiac pre-participation screening. Scaling of cardiac dimensions removes the impact of body size allowing meaningful inter/intra group comparisons. Developing appropriate scaling approaches, scaling variables and extending the application to major vessels is warranted so underlying pathology can be detected and managed appropriately. The study aims to define relationships between aortic root dimensions and body surface area/height. Two hundred and twenty elite Rugby Football League athletes were recruited. All participants completed anthropometric assessments, a 12-lead ECG and echocardiogram. Aortic root was measured at the aortic annulus, sinus of valsalva, sinotubular junction and the proximal ascending aorta. Linear and allometric scaling were performed on the relationship between aortic measurements and body surface area/height. Absolute aortic root measurements fell within normal population data (mean ± standard deviation (range): aortic annulus: 22 ± 2 (17–28) mm, sinus of valsalva: 28 ± 3 (20–38) mm, sinotubular junction: 22 ± 3 (14–33) mm, proximal ascending aorta: 22 ± 3 (15–31) mm). Linear scaling to height produced size-independent indices at all aortic measurement sites (P < 0.05). Conversely, linear scaling using body surface area did not produce size-independent indices at any site (P > 0.05). Allometric scaling, using both body surface area and height, produced size-independent indices at all sites (P < 0.05). We recommend linearly scaling aortic root dimensions to height in elite Rugby Football League athletes and discourage the use of body surface area as a linear scaling quantity. Allometric scaling is also effective when using both body surface area and height.

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Li, Jian, Cheng Yan Zhang, Xue Li Xu, and Hai Feng Chen. "3D Digitization of Human Body Based on Checkerboard Matching." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1108.

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A body-size measurement method based on checkerboard matching is proposed. First, calibrated cameras are used to acquire two body images after projecting chess boards on human body with projector. Then, the parallax of the two images is got by feature extraction and stereo matching. Finally, we can calculate the 3D coordinates of the human body according to the principle of binocular vision to complete the acquisition of body size. The result shows that measurement error is ± 4%. This study can measure automatically and improve precision compared with traditional methods while it has low-cost, simple operation compared with the non-contact measurement. And the results accuracy can meet its general application in practice.

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Tovée, Martin J., Philip J. Benson, Joanne L. Emery, Suzanne M. Mason, and Esther M. Cohen-Tovée. "Measurement of body size and shape perception in eating-disordered and control observers using body-shape software." British Journal of Psychology 94, no. 4 (November 2003): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712603322503060.

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Choi, Young Lim. "Developing Size Specifications of 3D Body Models for Males Aged between 7 and 18." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.156.

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This study aims to set the size ranges for male human body aged between 7 and 18, and to develop detailed body measurement criteria for each size. For that purpose, total 31 items were selected from the references of 5th SizeKorea Survey to carry out a statistical analysis, and they included 11 items for height, 15 for circumference and 15 items for length. Through the factorial analysis of those 31 items for body measurement, two dominant factors of obesity and height could be extracted as representative elements for body types. The circumference of waist was designated as the representative element for obesity factor, and the height as the representative element for height factor, and the size ranges were set to 3cm and 5cm intervals each for waste circumference and height. With two age groups of 7-12 and 13-18, the waste circumference and the height were cross-analyzed to decide high frequency sections, and based on this, the size ranges for 3D model development were decided. Lastly, detailed measurement specifications according to size ranges were developed through regression analysis. In this regression analysis, the circumference of waist was put as independent variable and the height as dependent variable. As a result, it was proved in this study that the circumference of waste was a strong element to explain obesity factor, and the height was to explain height factor in body measurement, and size specifications were developed according to different size ranges.

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Huang, Lvwen, Shuqin Li, Anqi Zhu, Xinyun Fan, Chenyang Zhang, and Hongyan Wang. "Non-Contact Body Measurement for Qinchuan Cattle with LiDAR Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 9, 2018): 3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093014.

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The body dimension measurement of large animals plays a significant role in quality improvement and genetic breeding, and the non-contact measurements by computer vision-based remote sensing could represent great progress in the case of dangerous stress responses and time-costing manual measurements. This paper presents a novel approach for three-dimensional digital modeling of live adult Qinchuan cattle for body size measurement. On the basis of capturing the original point data series of live cattle by a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor, the conditional, statistical outliers and voxel grid filtering methods are fused to cancel the background and outliers. After the segmentation of K-means clustering extraction and the RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, the Fast Point Feature Histogram (FPFH) is put forward to get the cattle data automatically. The cattle surface is reconstructed to get the 3D cattle model using fast Iterative Closest Point (ICP) matching with Bi-directional Random K-D Trees and a Greedy Projection Triangulation (GPT) reconstruction method by which the feature points of cattle silhouettes could be clicked and calculated. Finally, the five body parameters (withers height, chest depth, back height, body length, and waist height) are measured in the field and verified within an accuracy of 2 mm and an error close to 2%. The experimental results show that this approach could be considered as a new feasible method towards the non-contact body measurement for large physique livestock.

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Nasibov, Efendi, Murat Demir, and Alper Vahaplar. "A fuzzy logic apparel size decision methodology for online marketing." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-06-2018-0077.

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Purpose Beside the development of technology and accessibility, ease of use, ability to reach various products and compare many products at the same time make online shopping even more popular. Despite the great advantages provided by online shopping for either consumers or retailers, there are certain issues that must be solved to improve online shopping advantages. Finding right size is one of the biggest barriers against apparel online retailing. Since the use of apparels is directly related with fitting, choosing right size is becoming more critical for retailers and consumers. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the solution of the problem. Design/methodology/approach For the study, the specific size measurements of male shirts (collar, shoulder, chest, waist, arm length in cm) from four different sizes (small, medium, large, x-large) and from eight different brands were collected and stored in a database. Totally, weight, height and body measurements (collar, shoulder, chest, waist and arm length in cm) of 80 male candidates, between the ages of 18 and 35, were measured individually. These data were then used for experiments. Findings Any product with known measurements can be compared with users’ body measurement based on fuzzy logic rule and the best-fitted size can be selected for users. Similarly, using the proposed web design, users are able to see desired products on users with similar body type. Originality/value In this study, a new mathematical method based on fuzzy relations for apparel size finder is proposed. Beside, this method can group users based on body measurements in order to find people with similar size.

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Tamzil, Mohammad Hasil, and Budi Indarsih. "Measurement of Several Bodies Parts of Super Kampong Chicken Reared Intensively." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia (JITPI), Indonesian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jitpi.v6i2.81.

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The study was designed to determine the size of some body parts of the Super Kampong chicken and its relationship with body weight. The study was conducted at the Teaching Farm of Animal Science Faculty, University of Mataram, in Lingsar Village, West Lombok. The study used 60 male and 96 female Super Kampong chickens which were maintained intensively. The variables observed were body weight, head circumference, neck length, wing length, back length, chest circumference, chest width, upper and lower thigh length, metatarsus length, metatarsus circumference, and third finger length. Measurements were made for each individual bird at 13 weeks of age using yarn then measured with a tape measure, while the dimension of chest width was assigned by measuring the distance between the right and right sides of the chest using calipers. The results found that the body parts that had the biggest contribution to the body weight of the Super Kampong chickens at 13 weeks old were the size of the lower thigh length in the male chicken and the size of the chest circumference in the female chicken.

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Chen, Yan, Ai Min Qin, and Bo Su. "The Coupling Effect between Aerobic Exercise and Physical & Form of the Youth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.1127.

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Aerobics can through the big load workout, consumption of excess fat in the body, the body form and body composition have greatly improved, and this can help shape and size of the strong and handsome youth healthy physique. The author through the contrast experiment method to young students body composition and cardiopulmonary function measurement, in order to understand the aerobic exercise to young students' physical effects. The results showed that after aerobic exercise of young students measurements close to our country race standards; BMI, WHR, body fat rate are significantly lower; Cardiopulmonary function increase apparently.

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Koch, F. S., J. Ludvigsson, and A. Sepa. "Body Dissatisfaction Measured with a Figure Preference Task and Self-Esteem in 8 Year Old Children—a Study within the ABIS-Project." Clinical medicine. Pediatrics 2 (January 2008): CMPed.S932. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s932.

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Body dissatisfaction has been related to low self-esteem and depression in adolescents. With regard to the current world wide rise in childhood obesity and common stigmatization of adults and children with obesity, easy to use and cost effective measurements of body dissatisfaction would be helpful in epidemiological research. In the current study, detailed data on body measurements with regard to perceived and ideal body size and body dissatisfaction, as measured with the figure preference task, are presented for a population based sample of 3837 children. Perceived body size correlations to weight, body mass index [BMI], and waist circumference were between 0.41 and 0.54; and to height between 0.12 and 0.21. Odds ratios for lower self-esteem increased with increase in body dissatisfaction. Gender differences in body dissatisfaction were present but not found in relation to self-esteem. It is concluded that the figure preference task yields valuable information in epidemiological studies of children as young as 7.5 years of age. It is argued, that the figure preference task is an additional measurement which theoretically relates to psychological stress in childhood.

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McGillivray, W. Bruce. "Size, sexual size dimorphism, and their measurement in Great Horned Owls in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 2364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-349.

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The degree of reversed size dimorphism between male and female Great Horned Owls in Alberta was examined by measuring 18 skeletal and 7 external characters on museum specimens. Females are significantly larger than males on all characters except skull width, which is larger in males. The degree of sexual size dimorphism is highest for flight characters and weight and weaker for skull, body core, and lower limb elements. High variances associated with external characters make the use of Storer's dimorphism index an unreliable measure of between-sex differences. External characters show weak intercharacter correlations and are poorly correlated with size as defined by first principal component scores obtained from skeletal characters. Despite significant differences between an ideal size axis and eigenvectors of both correlation and covariance matrices, the three are shown to be equivalent in estimating size. Inequality among character variances bias the interpretation of covariance-based principal component analyses supporting the use of correlation matrices to determine patterns of shared variation. The high degree of intercharacter differences in sexual size dimorphism indicate that single characters provide poor estimates of size.

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Yang, Guangyuan, Xingshi Xu, Lei Song, Qianru Zhang, Yuanchao Duan, and Huaibo Song. "Automated measurement of dairy cows body size via 3D point cloud data analysis." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 200 (September 2022): 107218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107218.

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Workman, Jane E. "Body Measurement Specifications for Fit Models as a Factor in Clothing Size Variation." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 10, no. 1 (September 1991): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9101000105.

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Beazley, Alison. "Size and fit: Formulation of body measurement tables and sizing systems — Part 2." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 2, no. 3 (March 1998): 260–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb022534.

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Efendy, Jauhari, P. W. Prihandini, and T. A. Sulistya. "The Correlation of Body Morphological Size Toward the Body Weight of PO Steers and Heifers." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 17, no. 1 (January 24, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.1.483.

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Abstract. The study was conducted to determine the correlation between the body morphology size of PO steers and heifers which kept in the group housing of Litbangtan Models. The materials of this study used 24 PO steers and heifers (each cow was 15 to 18 months old). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Due to the significant value, it stated that the body length and chest circumference influenced positively to the gain of the weight body of PO steers and heifers . The value of determination analysis (R2) both PO steers and heifers was 92.70% and 86.80%; It indicated that the gain of the body length size and chest circumference would increase the body weight. The result of calculation shown that the average of body weight of PO steers and heifers after having used two body morphological measurement (body length and chest circumference) was relativeely close to the real measurement. This phenomenon indicated that the body length and chest circumference had a close relationship with the body weight either in PO steers and heifers. Key words: PO steers and heifers, body morphological size, body weight Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menentukan korelasi antara ukuran morfologi tubuh PO steers dan heifer yang dipelihara di kandang kelompok Litbangtan Model. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 PO steer dan heifer (masing-masing berumur 15 sampai 18 bulan). Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif statistik dan analisis korelasi. Berdasarkan nilai signifikan, dinyatakan bahwa panjang badan dan lingkar dada berpengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan bobot badan PO steer dan heifer. Nilai koefisien determinsasi (R2) PO steer dan heifer adalah 92,70% dan 86,80%; mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan ukuran panjang badan dan lingkar dada akan meningkatkan bobobt tubuh. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa rataan bobot tubuh PO steer dan heifer setelah menggunakan dua ukuran morfologi tubuh (panjang badan dan lingkar dada) serupa dengan ukuran nyata. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa panjang badan dan lingkar dada berkaitan erat dengan bobot tubuh pada PO steer maupun heifer. Kata kunci: PO steer dan heifer, ukuran morfologi tubuh, bobot tubuh

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Jang, Heekyung, and Jianhui Chen. "A study on 3D virtual body formation and deformation by body shape analysis." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 755–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2018-0121.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use body shape analysis and develop a 3D virtual body formation and deformation model that can accurately express size and shape. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, 1,882 sets of direct measurement data of Korean women in their 20s (19–29 years) were analyzed. These data sets were sourced from the sixth and seventh “Size Korea” anthropometric survey data. Through body shape analysis, the authors classified them into seven body types and selected their representative bodies. A 2D image based on the height, breadth, depth and length was first formed, and the representative virtual body was modeled using the polygon technique. The authors calculated the grading ratios for each body type according to the clothing sizing system, and modified the virtual body size type by morphing technique. Findings In order to accurately evaluate the fit in a virtual fitting system, it is necessary to study the body size and shape of the target age; this makes it possible to form virtual body reflecting the size and shape. Originality/value In this paper, the authors propose a new 3D virtual body formation method that is more accurate in shape and size compared to the present system. Through this, it will be possible to grasp the accurate simulation state in the virtual fitting system, and thereby evaluate the accurate fit.

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Pušnik, Igor, and Gregor Geršak. "Evaluation of the Size-of-Source Effect in Thermal Imaging Cameras." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020607.

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In numerous applications, including current body temperature monitoring in viral pandemic management, thermal imaging cameras are used for quantitative measurements. These require determination of the measurement accuracy (error) and its traceability (measurement uncertainty). Within error estimation, the size-of-source effect (SSE) is an important error source. The SSE is the relation between the physical size of a target and the instrument’s nominal target size. This study presents a direct evaluation of the error due to the SSE. A stable and uniform temperature, generated by blackbodies, was measured by a high-quality thermal imager. To limit the generated radiation, custom-made blocking tiles with different apertures were used. Effects of aperture shapes and positions, camera-target distances and temperature levels on the error were investigated. The study findings suggest that due to the SSE the measured temperatures are too low, especially at longer camera-target distances. The SSE error depends on the number of pixels available and included into the region of interest, for which the accurate measurement is about to be performed. For an accurate temperature measurement, an array of at least 10 × 10 pixels should be exposed to the observed target radiation, while 3 × 3 central pixel area should be included in the temperature calculation.

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Gajare, Smita S., and Dipti Y. Sakhare. "Analysis of Intra-body Communication Measurement in Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.040203.

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The main objective of the paper is to characterize the concept of intra-body communication that allows electric signal to flow through human body. Various experiments are performed in order to verify how it is influenced under different conditions. The methodology used for this purpose is galvanic coupling method. The model is been implemented on ARM processor to measure heart rate and temperature of the human body. Measurements are carried out analyzing various IBC parameters such as size of electrodes, distance between transmitter and receiver, different environment and grounding. Practical conclusions are obtained thus analyzing the IBC performance. The system gives better performance as the data is transmitted in the form of packets. This provides secure and enhanced communication as compared to the existing systems.

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Polianski, JM, PD Vivet, TC Chinet, SI Labrune, DG Henzel, and GJ Huchon. "Effects of rebreathing conditions and body size on normal human lung tissue volume." European Respiratory Journal 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02010078.

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To evaluate the consequences of breathing pattern variations inherent to lung disease on the rebreathing measurement of lung tissue volume (Vt), we carried out a study of ten normal human subjects in whom we assessed the effects of changes in rebreathing volume (Vreb), additional deadspace volume (AVD), respiratory rate (RR), and body height. Vt and alveolar volume (VA) were determined from the end-tidal concentrations of acetylene and helium. We performed Vt measurements using different combinations of Vreb (20, 30 and 50% of predicted vital capacity), of AVD (0, 100, and 200 ml) and of RR (10, 25, and 40 br.min-1). Only slow RR (10 br.min-1) resulted in a higher Vt (p less than 0.001). An increase in Vreb induced an increase in VA but not in Vt. VA and Vt were positively correlated with the height of the subjects. We conclude that, in normal subjects, Vt increases: 1) with the height of subjects; and 2) when the respiratory rate is low. Interpretation of Vt results must take into account these two variables.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Body size Measurement'

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