Journal articles on the topic 'Body size Measurement Evaluation'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Body size Measurement Evaluation.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Body size Measurement Evaluation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Pušnik, Igor, and Gregor Geršak. "Evaluation of the Size-of-Source Effect in Thermal Imaging Cameras." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020607.
Full textAbstract:
In numerous applications, including current body temperature monitoring in viral pandemic management, thermal imaging cameras are used for quantitative measurements. These require determination of the measurement accuracy (error) and its traceability (measurement uncertainty). Within error estimation, the size-of-source effect (SSE) is an important error source. The SSE is the relation between the physical size of a target and the instrument’s nominal target size. This study presents a direct evaluation of the error due to the SSE. A stable and uniform temperature, generated by blackbodies, was measured by a high-quality thermal imager. To limit the generated radiation, custom-made blocking tiles with different apertures were used. Effects of aperture shapes and positions, camera-target distances and temperature levels on the error were investigated. The study findings suggest that due to the SSE the measured temperatures are too low, especially at longer camera-target distances. The SSE error depends on the number of pixels available and included into the region of interest, for which the accurate measurement is about to be performed. For an accurate temperature measurement, an array of at least 10 × 10 pixels should be exposed to the observed target radiation, while 3 × 3 central pixel area should be included in the temperature calculation.
2
Taya, Yoshiko. "An Evaluation Method of Clothing Fitness with Body." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (July 2000): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403821.
Full textAbstract:
Fitness of clothing with body is an important factor to design comfortable and functional clothing. For an evaluation of clothing fitness, it is necessary to measure both shapes of human body and clothing accurately. In my research, a measurement of clothing fitness has been examined using a 3-D method, and a quantity of space between body and clothing has been discussed. An evaluation method of the most suitable size fitness with body was investigated by the waveform spacing between body and clothes. A new technique of symmetries dot patterns was developed to grasp a characteristic of space waveform of the clothing. Its representation involves the information of the deviation of the space, and it is very useful for evaluation of the size fitness of clothing. Furthermore, the wavelet transform was applied to extract a characteristic of clothing waveform for evaluation of size fitness of clothing with body.
3
Viduetsky, Alexander, and Christi Lauve Herrejon. "Sonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Size: A Review of Important Measurement Parameters." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 35, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318824290.
Full textAbstract:
An accurate evaluation of thyroid volume, in patients of all ages, is important for the correct diagnosis of a goiter and for sonographic monitoring of thyroid diseases. It is especially important in pediatrics because the linear measurements of a developing thyroid gland do not correlate well with age, sex, or body composition variables. Diverse methods are used to estimate thyroid size and volume. Sonographic volumetry and visual inspection and palpation are used to evaluate the thyroid. Although thyroid size can be easily assessed on physical examination, due to the superficial location of the gland, palpation has low sensitivity and specificity for the management and diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Therefore, thyroid volume measured sonographically is more accurate than thyroid size assessed with a physical examination. Imprecise calculation of thyroid size and volume may lead to false-positive or false-negative diagnoses of thyromegaly, which may result in unnecessary or delayed care.
4
Fernandes, Arthur Francisco Araujo, Erika R. de Alvarenga, Tiago L. Passafaro, Fernando B. lopes, Gabriel F. O. Alves, Vikas Singh, and Eduardo M. Turra. "PSII-6 Deep Learning image segmentation for extraction of body measurements and prediction of body weight in Nile tilapia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.480.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Individual measurement of traits of interest is of great importance for breeding and management decisions in animal production systems. However, measurements are often taken manually, which is laborious and also stressful for the animals. Therefore, the development of fast, precise and indirect measurement methods is paramount. An appealing way for such a task is through computer vision systems (CVS). Hence, the objectives of the current work were: 1) Devise a CVS for autonomous measurement of Nile tilapia body area, length, height, and eccentricity; and 2) Evaluation of linear models for prediction of body weight (BW). The pixels of 822 RGB images of live fish were labeled into background, fish fins or body using the “MTurk” crowdsourcing service. This dataset was then split into training (60% of data) and testing sets for the development of Deep Learning Networks for image segmentation into the three pixel categories. The networks differed in input image size (10 to 40% of original size) and number of encoder/decoder layer stacks (1 to 5). An independent dataset with 831 images was used for validation of the linear predictive models. The results for intersection over union (IoU) show that a network with input of 20% of the original size and 4 encoder/decoder stacks achieved the best results, with IoU on the test dataset of 99, 90 and 64% for background, fish body and fin, respectively (Figure 1). Predicted segmentation from this network on randomly selected images is shown in Figure 2. From the linear models evaluated, the one considering only area as input showed predicted R2 of 0.92 for fish BW (Table 1). In conclusion, the devised CVS was able to correctly separate fish body from background and fins, and a linear model using fish body area as input provided good predictive quality of Nile tilapia BW.
5
Lin, Yih-Lon, Adam Huang, Chung-Yi Yang, and Wen-Yu Chang. "Measurement of Body Surface Area for Psoriasis Using U-net Models." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (February 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7960151.
Full textAbstract:
During the evaluation of body surface area (BSA), precise measurement of psoriasis is crucial for assessing disease severity and modulating treatment strategies. Physicians usually evaluate patients subjectively through direct visual evaluation. However, judgment based on the naked eye is not reliable. This study is aimed at evaluating the use of machine learning methods, specifically U-net models, and developing an artificial neural network prediction model for automated psoriasis lesion segmentation and BSA measurement. The segmentation of psoriasis lesions using deep learning is adopted to measure the BSA of psoriasis so that the severity can be evaluated automatically in patients. An automated psoriasis lesion segmentation method based on the U-net architecture was used with a focus on high-resolution images and estimation of the BSA. The proposed method trained the model with the same patch size of 512 × 512 and predicted testing images with different patch sizes. We collected 255 high-resolution psoriasis images representing large anatomical sites, such as the trunk and extremities. The average residual of the ground truth image and the predicted image was approximately 0.033. The interclass correlation coefficient between the U-net and dermatologist’s segmentations measured in the ratio of affected psoriasis over the body area in the test dataset was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.981–0.937), indicating strong agreement. Herein, the proposed U-net model achieved dermatologist-level performance in estimating the involved BSA for psoriasis.
6
Hederström, E. "Renal Size Parameter." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 26, no. 6 (November 1985): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518502600609.
Full textAbstract:
A method for measuring the L1–L3 and L1–L4 distance by sonography is presented, and the results are compared with measurements from radiography. For 35 children aged 2 months to 13 years (mean 5.2 years) sonographic measurements displayed a mean percentage variation of 2.4 to 3.2 per cent from radiographic values. The coefficient of correlation was about 0.98. As sonography is suitable for kidney length estimation, the additional information obtained by the method presented makes it possible to perform the same kidney size evaluation by means of the same length/vertebral body-related diagrams already used in radiographic kidney size evaluation.
7
KENNEY, RICHARD D., JAMES D. FORTENBERRY, S. SUZETTE SURRATT, BETH M. RIBBECK, and WILLIAM J. THOMAS. "Evaluation of an Infrared Tympanic Membrane Thermometer in Pediatric Patients." Pediatrics 85, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.5.854.
Full textAbstract:
Body temperature measurement provides important information for evaluation of pediatric patients. Because of the role that central nervous system thermoreceptors play in temperature homeostasis, accurate measurement at core body sites has long been sought.1 Rectal temperature, often considered the "gold standard" for clinical use, does not correlate well with deep measurements.2,3 Pulmonary artery catheters and deep rectal probes measure core temperature accurately4 but are not practical for clinical use. The tympanic membrane shares the same vascular supply that perfuses the hypothalamus and is an excellent, readily accessible site for core temperature measurement.1 Although indwelling contact-type tympanic membrane temperature probes provide accurate data, patient discomfort and complications such as perforation have restricted their use.4,5
8
Khairani, Aina Putri, Hannan Hannan, and Laura Amalia. "Pengembangan Alat Ukur Skala Citra Tubuh." Proyeksi 14, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.14.2.195-205.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to test the validity and develop body image scale measurement tools. The development of this measuring instrument is based on Cash's theory (2012) which consists of 5 aspects namely appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, satisfaction with body parts, anxiety of being fat and categorizing body size. Respondents in this study numbered 196 vocational students in the District of West Semarang with cluster random sampling technique. From the EFA obtained KMO value of 0.762 and experienced changes in aspects into 2 aspects namely appearance evaluation and satisfaction with appearance.
9
Brubacher, Kristina. "Comparison and Evaluation of Sizing Systems Used in Commercial Women’s Compression Sportswear." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049140.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, there is no published research evaluating sizing methodologies for commercial sports compression garments (SCGs), so this study addresses the research gap by analysing sizing systems used for women-specific SCGs. Firstly, fit trials with whole-body SCGs were conducted with 33 active females. Secondly, the upper and lower body size charts of 12 SCG brands were analysed. Thirdly, the fitness of the size charts for the sample was assessed. Findings of the fit trials indicated that the fit of the SCGs varied from the intended fit in most participants at certain body locations, which is problematic for consistent pressure delivery. New sizing approaches are needed for SCGs, as fit requirements differ from conventional clothing, and current approaches appear to be inappropriate. The inclusion of a limb circumference measurement as a key dimension could be beneficial due to the interrelation of fabric tension and limb girth in pressure delivery (Laplace’s Law).
10
Särestöniemi, Mariella, Marko Sonkki, Sami Myllymäki, and Carlos Pomalaza-Raez. "Wearable Flexible Antenna for UWB On-Body and Implant Communications." Telecom 2, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2030019.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the development and evaluation of an on-body flexible antenna designed for an in-body application, as well as on-body communications at ISM and UWB frequency bands. The evaluation is performed via electromagnetic simulations using the Dassault Simulia CST Studio Suite. A planar tissue layer model, as well as a human voxel model from the human abdominal area, are used to study the antenna characteristics next to human tissues. Power flow analysis is presented to understand the power flow on the body surface as well as within the tissues. Simulation results show that this wearable flexible antenna is suitable for in-body communications in the intestinal area, e.g., for capsule endoscopy, in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and at lower ultra-wideband (UWB). At higher frequencies, the antenna is suitable for on-body communications as well as in-body communications with lower propagation depth requirements. Additionally, an antenna prototype has been prepared and the antenna performance is verified with several on-body measurements. The measurement results show a good match with the simulation results. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a compact size and the flexible substrate material, which makes it feasible and practical for several different medical diagnosis and monitoring applications.
11
Bott, Thomas Sebastian, Thekla von Kalle, Alexander Schilling, Oliver Heinz Diez, Sarah Besch, Ulrike Mehlig, Svetlana Hetjens, Lucas Wessel, and Steffan Loff. "Esophageal Diameters in Children Correlated to Body Weight." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 06 (November 26, 2018): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675776.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction The development of stenoses after correction of an esophageal atresia or acid and lye burn of the esophagus are well-known problems in pediatric surgery. Currently, stenoses are treated in the majority of cases by repeated balloon dilatations. The diameter of the balloons used is not standardized; standard curves do not exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus correlated to the body weight of the children as measured in upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies to answer the important question to what extent a stenosis should be dilated. Materials and Methods Within the time period from 2011 through 2016, 60 patients with upper GI studies were selected. Evaluations were blinded to two different examiners. The diameters were measured under maximum contrast filling between the second and third rib (cranial point of measurement) and between the seventh and eighth rib (caudal point of measurement). For both, the anteroposterior and lateral aspect was examined. The diameter was calculated as the arithmetic average of both measurements within one level. The diameters were correlated to the weight of the children. Results All children (n = 38) within the 3rd to 97th weight percentile were analyzed. Linear correlation and coefficients of 0.67 at the cranial point and 0.70 at the caudal point were found. Mean diameter at the cranial point of measurement was 6.75 mm at the lowest weight (2.6 kg) and 14 mm at 74 kg. Mean weight of these children (standard deviation [SD]) was 25.3 (18.8) kg and median age was 7 years. Within weight groups (0–10 kg; 10–20 kg; 20–35 kg; 35–50 kg; >50 kg), we calculated SD and two side tested critical 95% confidence interval for all measurements (n = 74). Conclusion Although the variation in measurements is considerable, this evaluation gives a reliable hint to which extent esophageal stenoses should be dilated in relation to the body weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus in children in relation to the body weight.
12
Harel, Ran, Tehila Kaisman-Elbaz, Todd Emch, Paul Elson, Samuel T. Chao, John H. Suh, and Lilyana Angelov. "A quantitative and comparative evaluation of stereotactic spine radiosurgery local control: proposing a consistent measurement methodology." Neurosurgical Focus 53, no. 5 (November 2022): E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2022.8.focus22363.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a precise and conformal treatment modality used in the management of metastatic spine tumors. Multiple studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy for pain and tumor control. However, no uniform quantitative imaging methodology exists to evaluate response to treatment in these patients. This study presents radiographic local control rates post-SBRT, systematically compares measurements acquired according to WHO and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, and explores the relationship to patient outcome. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively obtained data from a cohort of 59 consecutive patients (81 metastatic isocenters) treated with SBRT and followed with serial MRI scans. Measurements were performed by a neuroradiologist blinded to the patients’ clinical course. Local control status was determined according to both WHO and RECIST measurements, and agreement between the measuring methodologies was calculated and reported. RESULTS Eighty-one isocenters (111 vertebral bodies) were treated with SBRT. The mean treatment dose was 13.96 Gy and the median follow-up duration was 10.8 months, during which 408 MRI scans were evaluated with both WHO and RECIST criteria for each scan point. Imaging demonstrated a mean unidimensional size decrease of 0.2 cm (p = 0.14) and a mean area size decrease of 0.99 cm2 (p = 0.03). Although 88% of the case classifications were concordant and the agreement was significant, WHO criteria were found to be more sensitive to tumor size change. The local control rates according to WHO and RECIST were 95% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although WHO volumetric measurements are admittedly superior for tumor size measurement, RECIST is simpler, reproducible, and for the first time is shown here to be comparable to WHO criteria. Thus, the application of RECIST methodology appears to be a suitable standard for evaluating post-SBRT treatment response. Moreover, using comprehensive and consistent measuring approaches, this study substantiates the efficacy of SBRT in the treatment of spine metastases.
13
Nemes, Attila, I. Czinkota, and Gy Czinkota. "Outline of an Automated System for the Quasi-Continuous Measurement of Particle-size Distribution." Agrokémia és Talajtan 51, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2002): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.5.
Full textAbstract:
Soil texture is an important input parameter for many soil hydraulic pedotransfer functions (PTFs) of the day. Common soil particle-size classes are required to be able to uniformly determine the texture of soils. However, it is not always possible - due to different national classification systems - and much valuable information is disregarded while either deriving or applying PTFs. One way to get common particle-size class information is to interpolate the particle-size distribution (PSD) curve. Advanced interpolation solutions are becoming available, but there is always uncertainty associated with these techniques. Another possibility is to measure all PSD curves in such a way that it is compatible to the commonly used classification systems. A new automated measurement technique is introduced that can easily provide PSD data compatible to any (and all) of the existing national and international classification systems at the same time, without the burden of extra labour. A computerized measurement system has been developed to record density changes in a settling-tube system in any discretional (small) time steps, which in turn allows the derivation of a quasi-continuous PSD curve. The measurement is based on areometry (Stokes-law), thus the system is compatible to the most commonly applied settling-tube measurements. The new evaluation method of measured values takes into consideration the density changes along the areometer-body so it avoids the problem of reference point determination. The theory and setup of the system are explained and measurement examples are given. The presented comparative measurements show good correspondence with conventional settling-tube results, and the reproducibility of the measurement shows to be very high. This technique does not require more sample preparation than past methods. The automated reading requires less manpower to perform the measurement - which also reduces human error sources. However, it provides very detailed PSD data that has advantages, like revealing multi-modality in the particle-size distribution or providing data that complies with any of the classification systems.
14
Ahn, Hong Joon, Jun Wan Lee, Seung Woo Yoo, Jee Hyun Kim, Kun Dong Kim, In Sool Yoo, and Cuk-Seong Kim. "Novel body positioning maximizes femoral venous size in adults: An ultrasonographic evaluation." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 25, no. 6 (May 18, 2018): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024907918776824.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Increased femoral vein size may lead to a higher first pass success rate during central venous cannulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body position on femoral vein anatomy for cannulation. Methods: This prospective study examined the femoral vein of healthy volunteers by ultrasound scanner. The changes in cross-sectional area and diameter of the femoral vein were evaluated. Right-sided measurements were taken at four different leg positions: neutral, frog leg, back-up, and back-up/frog leg position. Results: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean femoral vein cross-sectional area were 0.57 ± 0.29 cm2, 0.90 ± 0.26 cm2, 1.05 ± 0.33 cm2, and 1.47 ± 0.34 cm2, and the mean femoral vein diameter were 0.75 ± 0.20 cm, 1.05 ± 0.28 cm, 1.25 ± 0.21 cm, and 1.46 ± 0.25 cm in order of neutral, back-up, frog leg, and back-up/frog leg position (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Performing the right femoral vein catheterization in back-up and frog leg position is associated with a greater cross-sectional area of the femoral vein.
15
Kuziv, M. I. "External characteristics adults cows of ukrainian black and white dairy breed." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 74 (March 3, 2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7418.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the evaluation exterior of the animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the western region of Ukraine. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. Exterior animals was assessed by measurement of body articles. By value measurements calculated indices of body structure cows. Weight-size factor determined by the formula D.T. Vinnychuka and P.N. Merezhko. The results of research were treated by variational statistics G.F. Lakin. Adults cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed for exterior fit the type of dairy animals. Measurements body cows are: height at the withers – 135,6–136,5 depth of chest – 75,1–77,1 width chest – 46,2–48,6, chest girth for by shoulder – 197,0–201,2, oblique body length – 161,4–163,6 width in clubs – 54,5–57,2 girth metacarpus – 19,1–19,5 cm. By oblique trunk length and girth metacarpus, and in the «Milk River» farm Sokal offices and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» also for girth at breast for by blades are dominated by target parameters for the desired type of animal. By other body measurements investigated cows do not reach target parameters for the desired type of animal. Further breeding work with this array of animals should be directed to increase the linear dimensions of the body, with particular attention paid to the width of the chest. Indices body structure cows in farms of different characteristic type of dairy animals. Surround dimensions of the animals constituted 494,9–501,4 cm weight-size factor – 1,08–1,15. In cows of all farms the ratio of live weight and measurements body was typical for relatively stretched animals.
16
McCabe, Lindsie M., Natalie K. Boyle, Morgan B. Scalici, and Theresa L. Pitts-Singer. "Adult body size measurement redundancies in Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)." PeerJ 9 (November 2, 2021): e12344. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12344.
Full textAbstract:
Metrics to assess relative adult bee body size have included both mass and morphometrics, but these metrics may not equally or reliably estimate body size for all bee species and in all situations, due to bee age, diet, and/or environment. Understanding the relationships between different metrics and possible redundancies in the information they afford is important but not always known. Body size measurements provide valuable data for interpreting research outcomes for managed solitary bees, including Osmia lignaria Say and Megachile rotundata F. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Applied studies of these important and readily available U.S. crop pollinators focus on refining commercial management practices, and basic empirical studies in various scientific disciplines (from genomics to ecology) employ them as model systems to study solitary bees. To examine common metrics of body size, we measured head capsule width (HCW), intertegular distance (ITD), and fresh and dry weights of newly emerged adults of both species. Using linear and exponential models, we determined relationships between these body size metrics. For M. rotundata, linear models best described relationships between ITD and all other metrics, and between HCW and fresh and dry weights. For O. lignaria, linear models best fit relationships between all metrics except for fresh weight with both ITD and HCW, which were fitted better with exponential models. For both species, model fits were strongest when males and females were pooled. Depending on the study question, knowing that only one metric may reliably measure body size can simplify evaluations of O. lignaria and M. rotundata responses to artificial or environmental variables.
17
Potter, Patricia, Marilyn Schallom, Susan Davis, Carrie Sona, and Maryellen McSweeney. "Evaluation of Chemical Dot Thermometers for Measuring Body Temperature of Orally Intubated Patients." American Journal of Critical Care 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2003.12.5.403.
Full textAbstract:
• Background Recent research indicates that oral measurement of body temperature is a reliable option in orally intubated patients. In situations such as protective isolation, where dedicated electronic thermometers are not available, are single-use chemical dot thermometers an acceptable alternative?• Objective To determine the accuracy of single-use chemical dot thermometers in orally intubated adult patients.• Methods Subjects included a convenience sample of 85 adult patients admitted to 1 of 2 intensive care units (surgical trauma and neuroscience). For each patient, oral temperatures were measured concurrently (within 5 minutes) with a chemical dot thermometer and an electronic thermometer. The sequence of temperature measurements was alternated with each subsequent patient. Both thermometers were placed in the same posterior sublingual pocket opposite the side of the endotracheal tube.• Results Measurements obtained with electronic and single-use chemical dot thermometers correlated strongly (r = 0.937). With the chemical dot thermometer, body temperature was overestimated in 11.8% of the measurements and underestimated in 10.8% of the measurements by 0.4°C or more. The difference between oral temperatures measured with the 2 different thermometers was not related to the patient’s age, sex, or sublingual pocket location or to the order of thermometer use.• Conclusion The chemical dot thermometer is useful and reliable for measuring body temperature of orally intubated patients. When measurements of body temperature have important consequences for decisions about treatment, clinicians should use an electronic thermometer to confirm measurements made with a chemical dot thermometer.
18
Zhekov, Stanislav Stefanov, Jan Hvolgaard Mikkelsen, and Gert Frølund Pedersen. "Over-the-Air Evaluation of User Body Loss for Popular In-Ear Bluetooth Earbuds." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5534119.
Full textAbstract:
Wireless earbuds have become the preferred electronic device for listening to music and for hands-free talking. The combined radio performance of the earbud and the handset determines the quality of the established communication link and hence the quality of the user experience. This paper presents an extensive comparative study of five common Bluetooth earbuds, where the transmit performance, in terms of total radiated power (TRP), is investigated. The measurements are conducted for the right-side earbud and for the low and high ends of the Bluetooth frequency spectrum. Moreover, two scenarios are considered: (1) the earbud is placed in free space and (2) the earbud is placed in a person’s ear. For the latter case, a total of 12 volunteers are involved in the measurement campaign. Measurements show that the mean performance deterioration, due to the placement of the earbud in the person’s ear, ranges from 3 to 6 dB across the tested earbuds.
19
Veloro, Lyra V., Michael Alexius A. Sarte, and Samantha S. Castañeda. "Collar Size as Predictor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 23, no. 2 (December 27, 2008): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v23i2.727.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study focuses on evaluating the relationship between physical findings, particularly collar size and Body Mass Index (BMI), and polysomnographic parameters in male patients seen at a Sleep Disorders Laboratory, suspected to have Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
Methods:
Design: Cross-sectional study
Setting: Academic tertiary private hospital
Participants: Charts of 149 adult male patients referred for polysomnography between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2006 were reviewed. Height, weight, and external neck circumference measurements were obtained. The data from polysomnography results were noted and correlated with the physical measurements.
Results: The mean collar size for the OSA group was 42.03 cm with a mean BMI of 29.14 while the mean collar size for the normal group was 39.05 cm with a mean BMI of 25.36. A significant difference was noted in both the collar size and body mass index (BMI) between the OSA group and the normal group (p<0.005). Results showed a significant correlation between collar size and BMI. Collar size and BMI measurements were also correlated with increasing severity of sleep apnea in the OSA group. The ³40 cm collar size among male adults with symptoms of OSA was 80% sensitive and 67% specific with a positive predictive value of 94% in predicting true OSA.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the external neck circumference and the degree of obesity determined through BMI measurement may be important predictors of sleep apnea in adult Filipino males suspected to have OSA. Given the high probability of having true OSA in symptomatic male adults with a collar size ³ 40 cm, outright definitive management may be opted for in these patients, while those with a collar size < 40 cm may need to undergo further confirmatory tests.
Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, external neck circumference, collar size, body mass index, polysomnography, obesity
20
Gryz, Krzysztof, Patryk Zradziński, and Jolanta Karpowicz. "The Role of the Location of Personal Exposimeters on the Human Body in Their Use for Assessing Exposure to the Electromagnetic Field in the Radiofrequency Range 98–2450 MHz and Compliance Analysis: Evaluation by Virtual Measurements." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/272460.
Full textAbstract:
The use of radiofrequency (98–2450 MHz range) personal exposimeters to measure the electric field (E-field) in far-field exposure conditions was modelled numerically using human body model Gustav and finite integration technique software. Calculations with 256 models of exposure scenarios show that the human body has a significant influence on the results of measurements using a single body-worn exposimeter in various locations near the body ((from −96 to +133)%, measurement errors with respect to the unperturbedE-field value). When an exposure assessment involves the exposure limitations provided for the strength of an unperturbedE-field. To improve the application of exposimeters in compliance tests, such discrepancies in the results of measurements by a body-worn exposimeter may be compensated by using of a correction factor applied to the measurement results or alternatively to the exposure limit values. The location of a single exposimeter on the waist to the back side of the human body or on the front of the chest reduces the range of exposure assessments uncertainty (covering various exposure conditions). However, still the uncertainty of exposure assessments using a single exposimeter remains significantly higher than the assessment of the unperturbedE-field using spot measurements.
21
Lengling, Alexandra, Antonius Alfert, Bernd Reckels, Julia Steinhoff-Wagner, and Wolfgang Büscher. "Feasibility Study on the Use of Infrared Thermography to Classify Fattening Pigs into Feeding Groups According Their Body Composition." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 5221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185221.
Full textAbstract:
Fattening pig husbandry and associated negative environmental impacts due to nitrogen inputs by ammonia emissions are current issues of social discussion. New resource-efficient feeding systems offer great potential to reduce excess nutrient inputs into the environment. Using ultrasound measurements, fattening pigs can be divided into performance groups based on their backfat/muscle ratio to feed them according to their nutritional needs. Ultrasound measurements are not suitable for practical use, so alternatives have to be found. As a non-invasive, contactless method, infrared thermography offers many advantages. This study investigated whether infrared thermography can be used to differentiate between “fat” and “lean” animals. Two evaluation methods with different measurement spot sizes were compared. During a fattening period, 980 pigs were examined three times with an infrared camera. Both methods showed significant differences. Body surface temperature was influenced by factors like measurement spot size and soiling of the animals. Body surface temperature decreased (−5.5 °C), while backfat thickness increased (+0.7 cm) in the course of the fattening period. Significant correlations (R > |0.5|; p < 0.001) between both parameters were found. Differentiation between “fat” and “lean” animals, based on temperature data, was not possible. Nevertheless, the application of thermography should be investigated further with the aim of resource-efficient feeding. The results of this feasibility study can serve as a basis for this.
22
Naginder Kaur, Nadia Abdul Wahab, and Syafiqa Amira Zulkifli. "Designing, Developing and Evaluating a Sustainable Shariah-Compliant E-Commerce Fashion Prototype." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 1211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4296.2021.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the full process of design, development and evaluation of a Shariah-compliant e-commerce fashion prototype. The prototype was designed and developed based on Fogg’s (2003) Persuasive Technology principles, namely, the principle of suggestion, principle of similarity and principle of trustworthiness which are able to persuade consumers to visit and eventually purchase products from this site. User Experience Testing was conducted to evaluate user experience in terms of screen layout, features and functionality of the site. Findings of the study indicate that the information offered is useful and the website is well-designed. In addition, the suggestions on size and clothes based on users’ body measurement are helpful when choosing suitable clothes based on one’s body type. Therefore, it can be concluded that Shariah-compliant fashion on this e-commerce site is interesting, useful and user friendly, and thus, can be a sustainable go-to site of e-commerce for Muslim women.
23
Shrestha, Elina, Narayan Bikram Thapa, and Ashok Tayal. "Assessment of Normal Liver Size among Adults by Ultrasonography in Kathmandu Medical College." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.38394.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Ultrasonography is cheap, non-invasive, reliable, fast method of diagnostic investigation in the measurement of liver size. Normal range of liver size helps to diagnose hepatomegaly sonologically which may be clinically inapparent. Thus warrants further clinical evaluation and other investigations for the prevention of major hepatic comorbidities. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adults with sonographic findings unrelated to liver pathologies. The liver was measured in right midclavicular line from hepatic dome to lower hepatic margin. The correlation between liver size and age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area(BSA) was calculated. The data were properly analyzed in SPSS version 20 software. Results: Out of 400 patients, a male: female ratio of 1:1.25, and the age group was ranging from 20 years to 83 years with a mean age of 48.10±14.86 years were included. The mean liver length in males was 15.05 ± 0.27 cms, females were 14.32 ± 0.29 cms and the total population was 14.73 ±0.46 cms. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between liver size and height, weight whereas the correlation between liver span and BSA was moderate to weak but significant. Similarly, there was a weak but significant correlation between liver size and BMI with no significant association between liver size and age. Conclusion: Accurate assessment of liver size is of utmost importance in the evaluation of suspected hepatic pathologies.
24
UJIIE, Satoshi, Kuniji YAMAKI, Toshihiro YAMAGISHI, and Yutaka MIZUMA. "An Application of Sire Evaluation via BLUP Methods of Body Measurement for Japanese Black Heifers." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 60, no. 9 (1989): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.60.817.
Full text
25
Di Cerbo, Anna Rita, and Carlo M. Biancardi. "Are there real sexual morphometric differences in yellow-bellied toads (Bombina spp.; Bombinatoridae)?" Amphibia-Reptilia 33, no. 2 (2012): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853812x634062.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we explored the level and pattern of sexual size dimorphism and sexual shape dimorphism in two closely related Bombina species that have low levels of sexual dimorphism in body size and shape. We applied an experimental protocol to explore sexual variations in morphological traits, including a preliminary evaluation of the measurement error. Mean measurement error (MME) and measurement error index (MEI) were estimated on each of the eleven morphometric variables to exclude any possible subjective factor in measuring and to perform, for the first time, an objective functional and statistical evaluation of sexual size differences in the two species. Even if statistically significant, each difference that lies below the level of uncertainty of the measure could not be reliable. Therefore, statistically significant differences in head shape have been rejected, due to an average difference between males and females smaller than the possible MME. We detected significantly longer distal segments of the hind limbs in males, which could account for their use in mating behaviour (e.g. scramble competition, water-wave communication). However, major and more reliable evidences of sexual dimorphism have been found on forelimb measures (MEI > 1), in particular humerus length and amplexus, which are significantly larger in males than in females. These results indicate a mating related sexual dimorphism, when larger and stronger forelimbs can give an advantage during coupling as well as during male-male fighting. The mean measurement error values and formulas provided in this work could be applied to future morphometric studies on Bombina species.
26
Negra, Yassine, Helmi Chaabene, Samiha Amara, Slobodan Jaric, Mehréz Hammami, and Younés Hachana. "Evaluation of the Illinois Change of Direction Test in Youth Elite Soccer Players of Different Age." Journal of Human Kinetics 58, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0079.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Change of direction ability is an essential pre-requisite in team sports athletes. The Illinois change of direction test has been routinely used for testing change of direction ability in soccer players. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Illinois change of direction test in young elite soccer players in terms of its reliability, usefulness and relationship with body size. A total of one hundred and ninety-four male, national-level soccer players were recruited. They were classified into four age groups (U-8, U-10, U-12 and U-14). Participants were tested using the Illinois change of direction test twice, and basic indices of body size were obtained. The Illinois change of direction scores showed high relative and absolute reliability in all age groups (all intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.91, and the standard error of measurement was <5%). The usefulness analysis showed that the Illinois change of direction test could detect small changes in performance in the U-10 and U-12 groups. However, it could only detect moderate changes in performance in the U-8 and U-14 groups. Although the Illinois change of direction test detected significant performance differences among groups, scores were not significantly related to body size (-0.30<r<0.15; p > 0.05). Taking into account the test’s high reliability and the appropriate level of usefulness, these results might support the use of the Illinois change of direction test as a standard measure for quantifying change of direction ability in young soccer players.
27
Burmeister, Jason J., and Mark A. Arnold. "Evaluation of Measurement Sites for Noninvasive Blood Glucose Sensing with Near-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.9.1621.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Six putative measurement sites were evaluated for noninvasive sensing of blood glucose by first-overtone near-infrared spectroscopy. The cheek, lower lip, upper lip, nasal septum, tongue, and webbing tissue between the thumb and forefinger were examined. These sites were evaluated on the basis of their chemical and physical properties as they pertain to the noninvasive measurement of glucose. Critical features included the effective optical pathlength of aqueous material within the tissue and the percentage of body fat within the optical path. Aqueous optical paths of 5 mm are required to measure clinically relevant concentrations of glucose in the first-overtone region. All of the tested sites met this requirement. The percentage of body fat affects the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement and must be minimized for reliable glucose sensing. The webbing tissue contains a considerable amount of fat tissue and is clearly the worse measurement site. All other sites possess substantially less fat, with the least amount of fat in tongue tissue. For this reason, the tongue provides spectra with the highest signal-to-noise ratio and is, therefore, the site of choice on the basis of spectral quality.
28
Mitchell, Donald G., Bradley Snyder, Fergus Coakley, Caroline Reinhold, Gillian Thomas, Marco Amendola, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Paula Woodward, Harpreet Pannu, and Hedvig Hricak. "Early Invasive Cervical Cancer: Tumor Delineation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Clinical Examination, Verified by Pathologic Results, in the ACRIN 6651/GOG 183 Intergroup Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 36 (December 20, 2006): 5687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.07.4799.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and clinical examination for delineating early cervical cancer and for measuring tumor size. Patients and Methods A 25-center study enrolled 208 patients with biopsy-proven invasive cervical cancer for MRI and CT before attempted curative radical hysterectomy. Each imaging study was interpreted prospectively by one onsite radiologist and retrospectively by four independent offsite radiologists, who were all blinded to surgical, histopathologic, and other imaging findings. Likelihood of cervical stromal and uterine body involvement was rated on a 5-point scale. Tumor size measurements were attempted in three axes. Surgical pathology was the standard of reference. Results Neither MRI nor CT was accurate for evaluating cervical stroma. For uterine body involvement, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was higher for MRI than for CT for both prospective (0.80 v 0.66, respectively; P = .01) and retrospective (0.68 v 0.57, respectively; P = .02) readings. Retrospective readers could measure diameter by CT in 35% to 73% of patients and by MRI in 79% to 94% of patients. Prospective readers had the highest Spearman correlation coefficient with pathologic measurement for MRI (rs = 0.54), followed by CT (rs = 0.45) and clinical examination (rs = 0.37; P < .0001 for all). Spearman correlation of multiobserver diameter measurements for MRI (rs = 0.58; P < .0001) was double that for CT (rs = 0.27; P = .03). Conclusion In patients with cervical cancer, MRI is superior to CT and clinical examination for evaluating uterine body involvement and measuring tumor size, but no method was accurate for evaluating cervical stroma.
29
Martin, B. J., T. D. B. Lyon, W. Walker, and G. S. Fell. "Mononuclear Blood Cell Magnesium in Older Subjects: Evaluation of its Use in Clinical Practice." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 30, no. 1 (January 1993): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329303000104.
Full textAbstract:
Serum and mononuclear blood cell (MBC) magnesium were measured in 24 healthy community subjects, average age 76 years (67–93), and in 21 ill hospitalized subjects, average age 79 years (65–90). MBC magnesium, expressed asμmol/mg protein, was significantly lower in the in-patient group ( P<0·001), but tended to be higher in the same group when expressed as fmol/cell (not significant). Further samples from community subjects on the same day, and again at 7 days, revealed coefficients of variation for intrasubject analysis of 12% and 22%, respectively (fmol/cell). The equivalent intrasubject values for serum were 2·8% on the same day and 4% at 1 week. MBC magnesium values for inpatients were probably distorted by changes in cell size and cell protein content caused by illness. Biological variability and the effects of illness on the composition and size of cells seem to limit the usefulness of MBC magnesium measurement as a clinical tool for assessment of body magnesium status.
30
Suguisawa, Liliane, Wilson Roberto Soares Mattos, Henrique Nunes de Oliveira, Antônio Carlos Silveira, Mário de Beni Arrigoni, Cláudio Maluf Haddad, Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo, and Cyntia Ludovico Martins. "Ultrasonography as a predicting tool for carcass traits of young bulls." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 4 (December 2003): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000400026.
Full textAbstract:
Considerable resources have been allocated to support research in the development of non-invasive and non-destructive techniques for carcass composition and quality evaluation. Ultrasonography is a reliable and relatively low-cost technique that can be used. In the present study, real-time ultrasonography was used to predict ribeye area (REA) and subcutaneous fat thickness (FT) in live animals as compared to carcass measurements. Animals used were 115 yearling bull calves (initial body weight, 329 kg), kept under feedlot conditions, of four genetic groups (30, ½ Angus x Nellore; 30, ½ Canchim x Nellore; 30, ½ Simmental x Nellore, and 25 Nellore), and two finishing frame sizes (small and large). Four ultrasonographic measurements were taken every 28 days until slaughter. Predictive precision of ultrasonographic measurements increased as animals approached slaughter, reaching maximum values at the last measurement (R²=0.68 and 0.82 for REA and FT, respectively). FT carcass measurements was influenced by genetic group and live measurements (P < 0.05). Frame size did not influence REA and FT, probably due to small, but distinctive differences among genetic groups.
31
VALDEVINO, Gisele de Castro Maciel, Vera Maria Ferreira DA SILVA, and Rodrigo de Souza AMARAL. "Using osteological measurements to estimate body length in Amazonian manatees." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 2 (June 2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202004731.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Body length is an important parameter in morphological, ecological and behavioral studies of a species and contributes to the understanding of the body condition of individuals. This parameter is essential for conservation and management strategies by informing studies evaluating growth rates, physical maturity and classification of individuals into age groups, promoting better accuracy for the biological parameters of the species. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of body length for Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis) using metric characters of osteological materials. Eleven linear measurements of skull, jaw, scapulae and humeri were collected from 41 Amazonian manatee skeletons of different age classes (calf, juvenile and adult). Data were analyzed by simple linear regression. The condylobasal length was the best predictor of body length for the species (R = 0.943), however, all bones evaluated showed at least one measurement with the capacity to predict body size (R2 > 0.9). Results of this study are useful for inferring body length of Amazonian manatees using bones deposited in museums and biological collections, expanding the informative potential of these materials.
32
van Marle-Köster, E., B. E. Mostert, and J. van der Westhuizen. "Body measurements as selection criteria for growth in South African hereford cattle." Archives Animal Breeding 43, no. 1 (October 10, 2000): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-43-5-2000.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW) and seven body measurements (cannon bone length at birth (CB); hip height at weaning (HHW); hip height at yearling (HHY); body length at weaning (BLW); body length at yearling (BLY); scrotum circumference at weaning (SCW) and scrotum circumference at yearling (SCY), measured in a Hereford stud (1497 animals) over a period of 19 years, were used in estimating genetic (co)variances, heritabilities and correlations. Nine different multitrait animal model evaluations were carried out whereby (co)variance components were estimated using the REML VCE 3.0 package. Estimates from different evaluations were pooled, weighing each estimate by the inverse of the sampling variance to calculate weighted mean variance ratios among the different traits. Generally, structural traits tended to have lower heritability estimates (CB = 0.24; HHW = 0.28; HHY = 0.33; BLW = 0.22; BLY= 0.14 ) when compared with literature values , while estimates for production traits compared well with estimates reported for the South African National Evaluation. Weights and linear body measurements were positively correlated (0.4−0.9). Negative correlations were found for scrotum, circumference at weaning and yearling with BW and CB respectively. SCW and BW: −0.54; SCY and BW: −0.65; SCW and CB: −0.66; SCY and CB: −.58. It is concluded that CB could serve as an early indicator of mature size and weights at different ages.
33
Fasulkov, Ivan, Nasko Vasilev, Manol Karadaev, and Galina Dineva. "Visualization and Measurement of Teat Structures in Black-and-White Cows Through Ultrasonography." Macedonian Veterinary Review 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.02.010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the features and size of teat structures in cows using ultrasonography. The experiment was conducted with 12 clinically healthy Black-and-White cows, 3 years of age, with body weight of 350-450 kg. Ultrasonography was performed on 48 teats using ultrasound SonoScape A5v (SonoScape, China) with multifrequency linear transducer (5-12 MHz). The potential of the imaging technique to visualize teat structures as well as teat canal length and diameter, the diameter in the area of the Furstenberg’s rosette, teat wall thickness, teat cistern diameter in its middle part and teat cistern diameter in teat base was evaluated. Scans were conducted before milking, immediately after milking, and 1 and 2 hours after milking. The average teat canal length measured by ultrasound was 8.48±1.41 mm before milking, and until the 2nd post-milking hour its size became statistically significantly (p<0.001) lower (7.48±0.93 mm). Teat canal diameter showed a significant difference (p<0.01) only immediately after milking compared to the size before milking. The diameter of the middle part and the base of the teat cistern also tended to decrease considerably after milking (p<0.001) as compared to premilking values. The teat wall thickness immediately after milking and 1 hour after milking were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to the premilking size. The analysis of results showed that ultrasonography is a rapid non-invasive and accurate method for determination of characteristics and size of teat structures. It could be used for evaluation of changes occurring in bovine teat after milking - shortening of the teat canal, teat wall thickening and reduction of teat cistern diameter.
34
Nocera, Irene, Francesca Bonelli, Luca Turini, Alessio Madrigali, Benedetta Aliboni, and Micaela Sgorbini. "Evaluation of Ultrasound Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Dairy Jennies during the Periparturient Period." Animals 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111359.
Full textAbstract:
The body condition score (BCS) represents a practical but subjective method for assessing body fat reserves. Real time ultrasonography (RTU) has been proposed as an accurate method to objectively measure subcutaneous fat (SF) thickness and predict body fat reserves in cows, horses and donkeys. The aim of the present study was to describe RTU measures of SF thickness during periparturient period in jennies. The present prospective cohort study evaluated six dairy jennies. SF RTU were performed at 15 and 7 days before the presumptive delivery, and 2, 15 and 30 days after delivery. A portable ultrasound machine and multifrequency linear transducer (5–7.5 MHz) was used. RTU images were obtained in six sites (S1–S6). Results at each time point were reported as mean ± standard deviation and compared through time. A total of 180 images were evaluated. RTU technique was easy to perform and well tolerated. No statistically significant differences were found of each site during time, except for S2 and S6a: S2 at T2 and S6a at T1 were significatively different to values obtained at T5. The RTU mean values were above those reported by others, suggesting major physio-logical challenges related to energy balance and fat mobilization in pregnant jennies bred for milking production. BCS and sites through observational time have shown a good and reliable association. Our study could give preliminary indications on fat reserves in different body locations evaluated thanks to RTU and it show no significative variation of SF thickness, in pregnant and lactating jennies.
35
Terzano, Claudio, Sofia Romani, Carlo Gaudio, Francesco Pelliccia, Mattia Serao, and Antonio Vitarelli. "Right Heart Functional Changes in the Acute, Hypercapnic Exacerbations of COPD." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/596051.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To investigate the correlation between respiratory failure and the pulmonary circulation. We focused on anatomical and functional changes of the right heart.Design. Clinical investigation.Methods. We evaluated 75 patients hospitalized in our respiratory ward for COPD exacerbation. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and measurements of right heart chambers. Moreover all patients underwent blood tests, measurement of blood pressure, evaluation of body mass index (BMI), ECGs, pulmonary function tests, and the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Results. Among 75 patients consecutively hospitalized, 56 patients with a COPD exacerbation were included in our study. We have emphasized the higher value of PAPs and the increased size of right atrial area in severe COPD patients. Significant correlation was observed between low values of PaO2and larger area of the right atrium. The measurement of TAPSE showed a right ventricular dysfunction in all patients but especially in severe COPD patients. We have obtained a significant correlation between TAPSE and arterial blood gas.Conclusions. In patients with chronic respiratory failure, blood gas parameters should be considered as negative prognostic factors of right heart failure. Respiratory failure shows a relationship with pulmonary hypertension and with the anatomy and function of the right heart sections.
36
Teodori, Simone, Giovanni Aste, Roberto Tamburro, Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate, Francesco Simeoni, and Massimo Vignoli. "Computed Tomography Evaluation of Normal Canine Abdominal Lymph Nodes: Retrospective Study of Size and Morphology According to Body Weight and Age in 45 Dogs." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8030044.
Full textAbstract:
The morphological characteristics of the largest lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the body have been described through ultrasonography, although food and gas in the gastrointestinal tract can often have negative effects on the response of small abdominal structures. The aim of the study was to describe the size of normal abdominal lymph nodes (ALs) in dogs affected by disease, not including lymphadenomegaly or lymphadenopathy, and divided according to body weight and age. The ALs studied included the jejunal, medial iliac, portal, gastric, splenic, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes. Statistical correlation considering body weight and age as continuous variables showed that all measurements of the ALs increased according to body weight changes (p < 0.01). The most reliable values were the volume measurements (p < 0.001) compared to the length, thickness, and width. Mixed results emerged from a comparison of weight categories and age; only the jejunal lymph nodes showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05). Other characteristics (shape, attenuation, and enhancement) are subsequently reported. The resulting data can be used to categorize CT measurements of normal ALs displayed based on the body weight and age of the subjects. This study aimed to propose a new parameter of normalcy that may serve as a reference for the evaluation of infectious or neoplastic events.
37
Tucker, R. L., N. Fitzpatrick, and D. Reynolds. "Lumbosacral foraminal ratios and areas using MRI in medium-sized dogs." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 05 (2014): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-13-05-0085.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Objective: To examine conventional magnetic resonance imaging planes of the lumbosacral foramina to obtain objective measurements of foraminal size in mediumsized (20–28 kg) normal dogs. Method: Ten canine cadavers were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging in neutral, flexed and extended position. Foraminal ratios, areas and lumbosacral angles were calculated and their relationship to body weight was evaluated. Results: Foraminal ratios were found to be independent of body weight in medium sized dogs (p >0.42). Foraminal areas were dependent on body weight (p <0.05). Flexion and extension were shown to significantly change both the foraminal ratio and area. Clinical significance: Lumbosacral foraminal stenosis is common in working dogs. Foraminal ratios were evaluated in mediumsized dogs and were found to be independent of body weight, which may provide objective evaluation of surgical decompression techniques if calculated pre- and post-surgery. Foraminal areas were not independent of body weight.
38
Howard, N. Scott, and Scott E. Brietzke. "Pediatric tonsil size: Objective vs subjective measurements correlated to overnight polysomnogram." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 140, no. 5 (May 2009): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.01.008.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To compare subjective and objective tonsil size measurements (weight, volume, intertonsillar distance) along with simple pharyngeal measurements in the prediction of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) severity. Study Design: Prospective case series. Subjects and Methods: Tonsil size (0–4+) and Mallampati/Friedman palate position were subjectively measured. During adenotonsillectomy, tonsil size was objectively measured along with simple pharyngeal dimensions. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated and forward and reverse stepwise multivariate regression modeling was used to assess the prediction of preoperative OSAHS severity as determined by polysomnogram (PSG). Evaluation of possible outlier influence was also performed. Results: Thirty-four pediatric patients (median age, 4; range, 2–9) were included. Objective tonsil weight (Spearman's ρ = 0.6143, P = 0.0002), tonsil volume (ρ = 0.4960, P = 0.0039), and intertonsillar distance (ρ = −0.7559, P < 0.0001) were strongly correlated with subjective tonsil size but not with age, body mass index (BMI), or preoperative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Regression modeling demonstrated that only measured tonsil weight (β = 1.43, P = 0.003), age (β = −3.21, P = 0.001), and hard palate length (β = 0.979, P = 0.003) were significant predictors of the preoperative AHI (R2 = 0.5358). Evaluation of possible outliers indicated tonsil weight was the most robust predictor of preoperative AHI. Conclusion: Subjective tonsil size measurements correlate well with objective tonsil volume measurements. However, only objective tonsil measurements were significantly predictive of objective PSG-measured OSAHS severity.
39
Mohtasib, Rafat S., Kamal Alshamiri, Aman Jobeir, Farida Mohsin Ambu-Saidi, Ahmed Masawi, Lamya Alabdulaziz, and Faisal Bin Hussain. "Sonographic measurements for spleen size in healthy Saudi children and correlation with body parameters." Annals of Saudi Medicine 41, no. 1 (January 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.14.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is commonly the first-line imaging modality for assessing the visceral organ dimensions without any risk of radiation. An abnormal size of the spleen may indicate disease, but the evaluation is challenging because of the normal size changes with age. In addition, published normal value charts for children may vary by population and methods. OBJECTIVES: Determine normal growth curves for splenic length in relationship to sex, age, body weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area of healthy children in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: A retrospective review of ultrasonography images SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included all normal ultrasonography exams of splenic length (from full-term neonates to 16 years of age) performed between 2003 and 2018. The greatest longitudinal distance of the spleen from the dome to the tip (splenic length) measured at the hilum in the coronal plane was obtained by ultrasonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship between the longitudinal length of the spleen and sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area. SAMPLE SIZE: 1028 healthy children RESULTS: Height had the most significant correlation with the length of the spleen ( P <.001). There was a consistent difference in splenic length according to sex. The spleen was longer in males than in females in children older than 2 years. In terms of splenic growth according to age, our data showed a statistically significant correlation between the ages of 0-24 months and 2-16 years. There was a significant difference between cases from Saudi Arabia, the United States ( P =.023) and India ( P =.045). CONCLUSION: We developed scatter plots between splenic lengths and body parameters among Saudi children for children from 0 day to 24 months and children from 2 years to 16 years for reference. LIMITATION: Retrospective study. Ultrasound techniques in patient positioning, and cursor placement differed from other studies, which can affect measurements of splenic length. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None.
40
Hartansky, Rene, Martin Mierka, Vladimir Jancarik, Mikulas Bittera, Jan Halgos, Michal Dzuris, Jakub Krchnak, Jaroslav Hricko, and Robert Andok. "Towards a MEMS Force Sensor via the Electromagnetic Principle." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031241.
Full textAbstract:
Force measurement is a science discipline that experiences significant progress with the introduction of new materials and evaluation methods. Many different sensor types, working on different principles, have been developed and reviewed and have found use in medicine as well as many other industries. New trends and demands require a size reduction and simple applicability, with the use of, for example, micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). For purposes of this study, the initial MEMS body is supplemented by its scaled version. Force measurement in this study works on the force to time-delay conversion principle. A compact compliant mechanical body (CCMB) with an embedded parallel resonant circuit (PRC) acting as a transducer realizes the conversion. Depending on the resonant frequency of the transducer (CCMB or MEMS), we have measured the applied force based on the reverse influence of the transducer on the surrounding EM field. The analysis shows that the transducer’s resonant frequency has a detectable reverse influence on the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) DC supply current. The force influencing the transducer is determined by the DC supply current ripple position during the VCO frequency sweep. The study presents the method proposal and mathematical analysis, as well as its function verification by simulation and prototype measurements. The proposed principle was validated on a CCMB prototype capable of measuring forces up to ∼2.5 N at a sampling frequency of ∼23 kHz, while the measured time-delay ranges from 14.5 µs to 27.4 µs.
41
Abdelaziz, Mohamed Elghazy, Noortje Hagemeijer, Daniel Guss, Ahmed El-Hawary, Hani El-Mowafi, and Christopher W. DiGiovanni. "Evaluation of Syndesmosis Reduction on CT Scan." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 9 (June 4, 2019): 1087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719849850.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Computed tomography (CT) imaging has traditionally been considered the gold standard for evaluation of syndesmostic reduction, but there is no uniformly accepted method to assess reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver reliability of published measurement techniques for evaluation of syndesmotic reduction on weightbearing CT scan (WBCT) in hopes of determining which method is best. Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify patients who underwent operative stabilization of unilateral syndesmotic injuries. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18 years, ipsilateral fractures extending to the tibial plafond, any contralateral ankle fracture or syndesmotic injury, and body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2. Twenty eligible patients underwent WBCT evaluation of both ankles at an average of 3 years after syndesmotic fixation. The anatomic accuracy of syndesmotic reduction was evaluated by 2 observers using axial CT images at a level 1 cm proximal to the tibial plafond using 9 previously published radiological measurement techniques. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were assessed for each evaluation method. Results: The syndesmotic area calculation showed the highest interobserver reliability (0.96), the highest intraobserver reliability for observer 2 (0.97), and the second highest intraobserver reliability for observer 1 (0.92). Fibular rotation had the second highest interobserver reliability in our results (0.84), with intraobserver reliability of 0.91 and 0.8 for first and second observers, respectively. The intraobserver reliability of the side-by-side method was 0.49 and 0.24 for the first and second observers, respectively, and the interobserver reliability was 0.26. Conclusion: Qualitatively assessing syndesmotic reduction via side-by-side comparison with the uninjured ankle had the least intra- and interobserver reliability and should not be relied on to determine syndesmotic reduction quality. In contradistinction, syndesmotic area calculation demonstrated the highest reliability when evaluating syndesmotic reduction, followed by fibular rotation. Given that syndesmotic area measurement techniques are not readily available on standard image viewers, technologically updating image viewers to allow such calculation would make this approach more accessible in clinical practice. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
42
Vlajkovic, Slobodan, Rade Cukuranovic, Marija Dakovic-Bjelakovic, Goran Ilic, Tijana Jaksic, and Jovana Cukuranovic. "Relative length of human kidney as more precise measuring of normal kidney." Medical review 63, no. 11-12 (2010): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1012784v.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Malformations in kidney development and kidney diseases are accompanied with changes in their size. For kidney evaluation in clinical practice, the kidney length is the most widely used measurement, since it provides the most precise results and it is easy to perform. Recently, the measurement of relative renal length has become more preferable as it takes into account the body height. The aim of this study was to measure both the absolute and relative length of normal cadaveric kidneys according to the body height, sex and age. Material and methods. In this study, we examined 95 adult cadaveric kidneys, without renal and vascular impairment, their age ranging from 23-87 years. To determine the period of the most abundant changes in kidney length, we separated them into a 10-year range. The relative renal length was calculated using the kidney length anybody height ratio (kidney/body ratio). Results. The absolute and relative length of left kidney in males was longer than the right one, with a statistically significant correlation. In females, the left kidney length was also longer than the right one, however, without a statistical significance. In contrast to the absolute length, the relative length of both kidneys did not show a significant difference between sexes, and did not manifest a significant decrease with age. There was a significant correlation between the kidney length and the subject?s height. Conclusion. The relative renal length represents kidney size better than the absolute renal length because it eliminates sex and height differences until the age of 59 year. From the seventh decade of life, there is a significant decrease in both the absolute and relative renal length.
43
Karwowski, Waldemar, David Rodrick, and Grzegorz Boratyn. "Experimental evaluation of pressure distribution changes when using clinical support surfaces." Occupational Ergonomics 4, no. 1 (April 26, 2004): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2004-4104.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this study was to perform experimental evaluation of the human body-pad interface pressure distribution changes when using five different clinical support surfaces (pads). The studied pads included the support surfaces for: head, heel, hip, lower back, and multipurpose pad for relevant body segments. For each pad, experimental data from 44 independent trials were obtained using 22 participants (12 male and 10 female) who voluntarily participated in the study. To measure the human body interface pressure, an Advanced ClinSeat pressure measurement system was utilized. For pads of the head, heel, lower back, and shoulder, the participants were positioned on their back, while for the hip pad, the participants were placed on their side. The results showed that in all cases the recorded pressures were significantly lower when the participants used the comfort pads compared to the no-pad condition. Specific recommendations for improvements in the current pad design were provided.
44
Jenek, Bożena, and Agata Skorupińska. "Review of body balance research methods." Rehabilitacja Medyczna 22, no. 3 (December 4, 2018): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7687.
Full textAbstract:
A man's physical fitness largely depends on the ability to maintain body balance. This ability is examined by using various methods and tests, still searching for the best way of its evaluation. Body balance is discussed from different aspects and in relation to various developmental periods. Usually, static and dynamic balance are distinguished. Commonly used computer techniques and different kinds of tests of balance evaluation are still not satisfactory and they constitute a topic for discussion over the value of these measurements. Balance system of the body require the interaction of many mechanisms, which undoubtedly, impedes the construction of the measuring device used for its accurate and reliable assessment, both in static and dynamic conditions. The conducted research on linking body balance with other manifestations of a man's motor skills, for example the impact of body composition and gender on the level of this feature, is very helpful in the accurate assessment of this feature among the youth and children. The differences, resulting from the interaction between environmental and genetic factors, in somatic potential that are manifested in different body size and body proportions, may be decisive of a children’s motor skills and predispositions. It has been proved that the influence of specific exercises can effectively influence the level of children's balance. The purpose of the report is to review different methods of body balance examination. The PubMed and Scopus databases have been searched. The following keywords were used in the search: balance, postural balance, coordination, coordination diagnostics. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. null
45
Okere, Chukwuemeka, Frank Abrahamsen, and Nar Gurung. "Relationships between body weight, body condition score at breeding and reproductive and progeny performance in Kiko meat goats over two breeding cycles." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v12i2.64088.
Full textAbstract:
Body condition scores (BCS) and/or body weights (BWT) are often used as visual or tactile management tools to evaluate and improve reproductive competency in pasture-managed small ruminant animals. This study was designed to evaluate relationships between BCS, BWT and reproductive traits (number born alive and weaned, litter size, birth and weaning weights) in 16 purebred Kiko, 11 purebred Boer and 7 Kiko x Boer crossbred meat goat dams that were semi-intensively managed and bred to both Boer and Kiko bucks. BWT was recorded using a scale and palpable BCS scale of 1 to 5 (1= emaciated to 5= obese) and was subjectively determined at breeding, parturition and weaning. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) analysis was used to determine the relationships between residual values of reproductive and progeny performance and BWT or BCS. Pre-partum BCS and weaning BCS had a correlation of r=0.09. A moderate correlation was observed between BWT at breeding and the number born alive (r=0.36) suggesting that pre-partum BWT is the key body conformation measurement linked to the reproductive performance of dams both at birth and weaning. Both at breeding and at weaning BCS were negatively correlated with litter size (r= -0.11) and birth weight (r=-0.32) and weakly correlated with the number born alive (r=0.06). Also, negative correlations were obtained between BCS at weaning and kid weaning weight (r=-0.58) and number weaned (r=-0.26). Although BCS had no significant (P≥0.05) effect on kg kids born per dam, birth weight of kids, and kids weaning weights, it is evident that a BCS score of 3 at the mating time could optimize reproductive performance. The results of this project established the important roles that pre-breeding BWT and/or BCS have on reproductive performance (kidding rate) in meat goat herds. We recommend their evaluation as a useful management tool for distinguishing differences in the pre-partum nutritional needs of meat goat herds, especially in the pasture-based production system. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 64-73, December 2022
46
Evans, Richard, Jennifer Burns, Laura Damschroder, Ann Annis, Michelle B. Freitag, Susan Raffa, and Wyndy Wiitala. "Deriving Weight From Big Data: Comparison of Body Weight Measurement–Cleaning Algorithms." JMIR Medical Informatics 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): e30328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30328.
Full textAbstract:
Background Patient body weight is a frequently used measure in biomedical studies, yet there are no standard methods for processing and cleaning weight data. Conflicting documentation on constructing body weight measurements presents challenges for research and program evaluation. Objective In this study, we aim to describe and compare methods for extracting and cleaning weight data from electronic health record databases to develop guidelines for standardized approaches that promote reproducibility. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies published from 2008 to 2018 that used Veterans Health Administration electronic health record weight data and documented the algorithms for constructing patient weight. We applied these algorithms to a cohort of veterans with at least one primary care visit in 2016. The resulting weight measures were compared at the patient and site levels. Results We identified 496 studies and included 62 (12.5%) that used weight as an outcome. Approximately 48% (27/62) included a replicable algorithm. Algorithms varied from cutoffs of implausible weights to complex models using measures within patients over time. We found differences in the number of weight values after applying the algorithms (71,961/1,175,995, 6.12% to 1,175,177/1,175,995, 99.93% of raw data) but little difference in average weights across methods (93.3, SD 21.0 kg to 94.8, SD 21.8 kg). The percentage of patients with at least 5% weight loss over 1 year ranged from 9.37% (4933/52,642) to 13.99% (3355/23,987). Conclusions Contrasting algorithms provide similar results and, in some cases, the results are not different from using raw, unprocessed data despite algorithm complexity. Studies using point estimates of weight may benefit from a simple cleaning rule based on cutoffs of implausible values; however, research questions involving weight trajectories and other, more complex scenarios may benefit from a more nuanced algorithm that considers all available weight data.
47
Randhawa, S. S., A. K. Ganju, and R. P. Bajpai. "Development of a heating reactor for a continuous flow-through application in urea measurement." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 25, no. 6 (2003): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924603000221.
Full textAbstract:
In most biochemical analyses, a flow-through heating arrangement is needed to reduce the reaction time or maintain a constant temperature. A rectangular reactor is described that is constructed of aluminium, is hollow inside and is filled with silicone oil. The glass coil through which the solution flows is immersed in the silicone oil. The heater, a Peltier-effect heat pump, on one side and the temperature sensor on the other side of the reactor body are embedded for heating and temperature control. The brief performance evaluation of the reactor is discussed by measuring the absorbance of urea concentration at different temperatures.
48
Jha, Amit, Nabin Paudel, Sabin Nepal, and Rajesh Nayak. "Normal Pituitary Gland Size and Morphology and Its Variations Related To Age and Gender: An MRI Evaluation." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v18i1.35175.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The pituitary gland is regarded as the master endocrine gland of the body. Subtle alterations in the size can cause significant changes to other endocrine glands and hormonal status. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice to examine pituitary gland. It is important to know the range of normal size and variations according to age and gender to enable radiologists to suggest what might be an abnormal pituitary gland. Aims: This study aims to examine normal size, volume and shape of pituitary gland and to establish a normal reference value for pituitary size in different age groups and genders. Methods: MRI Brain of 137 patients were studied retrospectively and patients with endocrinal abnormalities were excluded from the study. Images were acquired in General Electronics 1.5 Tesla MRI machine and mid-sagittal T1WI and coronal T2WI were selected for accurate measurement of the gland. Height, AP diameter, Transverse diameter, and volume were calculated for each individual and the collected data was categorized based on age and sex for analysis. Pearson’s correlation test was done to establish a relation between age and volume of the gland and a p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Our study included 137 patients (57 males, 80 females) with age ranging from 3 to 86 years. The study was divided into six age groups. Mean pituitary height, AP diameter, transverse diameter and volume of the gland were 6mm, 8.9mm, 12.3 mm, and 354.5 mm3 respectively. The gland observed a gradual increase in size up to the third decade and was more pronounced in the female population. A steady decline in the size of the gland was noted after 30 years for both populations. Conclusion: Good understanding of the normal size and shape of pituitary gland and its variation with age and gender is a must for every radiologist to compare with an abnormal increase in size.
49
Kumar R., Rohith, Sangeetha Ashok Kumar, and K. Periyasami Bhuvana. "Preparation and Evaluation of Bioactivity of Porous Bioglass Tablets for Bone Tissue Regeneration." SciMedicine Journal 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2019-0103-1.
Full textAbstract:
The present study endeavors in the preparation and characterization of semi crystalline 45S5 bioglass (BG) (SiO2-CaO-P2O5) through sol gel process. Dry press mold technique was used in the preparation porous BG tablets to examine the bioactivity through invitro studies. The synthesized BG powder was subjected to structural, morphological and mechanical characterization and the bioactivity was examined in vitro by immersing the BG tablet in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution. XRD pattern and the SEM micrographs revealed the semi crystalline nature of BG with spherical morphology. The elemental analysis confirms the presence of vital constituents required for Bone regeneration (Calcium, Phosphorous, Silica, and Sodium). The surface characterization of BG tablet reveals the pores structure of average pore size of 240nm which contributed to the high surface activity resulting in formation of carbonated hydroxy apatite (HCAP) when immersed in SBF. The disintegration studies denoted the stabilization period was after 48 of immersion of BG tablets in SBF solution. The compressive strength measurement of the tablet also reveals the higher mechanical stability.
50
Sharmin, S., MM Islam, A. Saha, S. Akter, NS Juyena, and FY Bari. "Quality of ram semen in relation to scrotal size." Bangladesh Veterinarian 38, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v38i1-2.63671.
Full textAbstract:
Aim of this study was to select superior rams by assessing their scrotal size and quality of semen. In ten indigenous Bangladeshi rams, the body weight, scrotal circumference, and scrotal volume of rams increased with age (P<0.05). Body weight at 381-410 days (13.6 ± 1.5 kg) was higher than at 169-200 days (10.2 ± 0.1 kg) and 201-230 days (10.4 ± 1.2 kg) (p<0.05). Scrotal circumference at 381 - 410 days (19.1 ± 0.3 cm) was higher (p<0.05) than at 169 - 200 days (17.2 ± 0.1 cm), 201 - 230 days (17.2 ± 0.6 cm), and 231 - 260 days (17.2 ± 0.5 cm). At 381 - 410 days, scrotal volume (87.4 ± 5.5 cm3) was higher than in the five youngest groups (p<0.05). Both scrotal circumference and volume were positively correlated (R2=0.519) with the increased body weight. Semen volume increased with age, which varied from 0.4 ± 0.0 - 1.2 ± 0.3 ml. The semen volume at 381 - 410 days (1.2 ± 0.3 ml) was higher than other age groups (P<0.05) except for 351 - 380 days. The mass activity of sperms of different age groups varied from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 4.3 ± 0.3. Sperm concentration, progressive motility (%), and normal spermatozoa (%) improved progressively with age, but significant changes in these parameters were seen when the animals reached 291 days or more (P<0.05). However, normal spermatozoa (%) improved from the age of 261 days. The mass activity was positively correlated with sperm concentration (R2 = 0.568) and with progressive motility (%) (R2 = 0.616). Measurements of scrotum could provide a reliable guide in estimating sperm production capacity, which are important for breeding soundness evaluation, and genetic improvement of indigenous rams.
Bangl. vet. 2021. Vol. 38, No. 1-2, 1–9