Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Body size Measurement Evaluation'
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Manuel, Melissa Barnes Ulrich Pamela V. Connell Lenda Jo. "Using 3D body scan measurement data and body shape assessment to build anthropometric profiles of tween girls." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1585.
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Klink, Tammy. "Evaluation of nurses' perceptions of patients' weight status in relation to their own Body Mass Index (BMI)." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005klinkt.pdf.
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Sund-Levander, Märtha. "Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : Implications for clinical practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk fysiologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5200.
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The general aim was to explore factors influencing the normal variation and measurement of body temperature. Additional aims were to study morbidity, mortality and the clinical presentation of pneumonia and predictors for survival in elderly nursing-home residents. Two hundred and thirty seven non-febrile nursing home residents (aged 66-99 years) and 87 healthy adults (aged 19-59 years) were included. In elderly individuals, the morning ear and rectal body temperature was measured at baseline and pneumonia and survival was observed at one- two and three-year. In healthy adults the rectal, ear, oral and axillary temperature were measured simultaneously on one morning and repeated measurements were performed in three subjects. Overall, the range of normal body temperature was wider then traditionally stated. In elderly nursinghome residents, functional and cognitive impairment and BMI < 20 were related to a lower body temperature and medication with analgesics to a higher. Compared to adults < 60 years elderly persons had a higher average ear and a lower rectal temperature. Men and postmenopausal women < 60 years had lower body temperature than premenopausal women. The repeated measurements showed a wide individual variability irrespective of the site of measurement, and that replicated measurements do not improve accuracy. When comparing the rectal temperature with oral, ear and axillary readings the average difference was > 0.5°C with a wide individual variation. The yearly incidence of nursing-home acquired pneumonia varied between 6.9% and 13.7%. Functional impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and male sex were related to a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia and presenting non-specific symptoms were common. Age and functional impairment predicted mortality, irrespective of gender, while cerebral vascular insult, a lower body mass index and malnutrition in women and heart disease, COPD, medication with sedatives and mortality rate index in men were gender specific predictors. Surviving women had a higher baseline body temperature than non-surviving, while no such difference was found in men. When assessing body temperature, it is important to consider the site of measurement, technical design, operator technique, age and gender and, in elderly nursing-home residents, physical and cognitive impairment, body constitution and medication with analgesics. The best approach is to use an unadjusted mode, without adjusting to another site. To prevent a delayed diagnosis of pneumonia, one should be aware of a low baseline body temperature and lack of specific clinical symptoms in elderly nursing-home residents. Preserving and/or improving functional, cognitive, nutritional status and preventing agitation and confusion would improve survival in nursing-home residents.
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Sund-Levander, Märtha. "Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : implications for clinical practice /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5200.
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Otieno, Rose Bujehela. "New clothing size charts for 3 to 6 years old female nursery schoolchildren in the Nairobi province of Kenya : implications for marketing strategy." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284750.
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Weyers, Anna M. "Comparison of body composition using the Bod Pod and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after weight loss." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164840.
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No research has been performed comparing percent body fat measurements using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and air plethysmography after weight loss. The purpose of this investigation was to compare body composition assessments using the Bod Pod® Body Composition System (BP) and the DEXA ProdigyTM before and after an 8-week weight loss diet and exercise program. Based on prior comparison studies, it was hypothesized that percent fat values would be significantly lower using the BP compared to the DEXA before and after weight loss. Also since both methods have been shown to be reliable, it was hypothesized that the BP and DEXA would detect similar changes in percent fat in response to a weight-loss intervention. Twelve women (42 ± 8 yrs) and ten men (40 + 11 yrs) had their percent body fat estimated using the BP and whole body DEXA ProdigyTM scanner. A similar significant (P < 0.05) decrease in percent body fat was observed using the BP and DEXA ProdigyTM (-2.2% and -1.8%, respectively) after weight loss. Percent body fat using the BP was significantly lower than the DEXA ProdigyTM before (36 ± 10.7% and 38.1 ± 9.4%, respectively) and after (33.8 ± 10.8% and 36.3 + 10.6%, respectively) the weight loss program. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients between the DEXA ProdigyTM and the BP were noted pre (r = 0.975) and post (r = 0.968) weight loss. These data indicate the BP provides significantly lower absolute %fat values within a range of body fat levels (20-56%) when compared to the DEXA. However, the BP and DEXA detect similar changes in %fat, fatfree mass, and fat mass from weight loss in men and women. Also, the BP consistently overestimated fat-free mass and underestimated %fat and fat mass compared to values obtained from DEXA.School of Physical Education
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Bettendorf, Sonya Kyrsten. "RESISTANCE TO CULTURAL SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION: MEASUREMENT DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/558.
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U.S. sociocultural expectations regarding women's bodies have been linked with women's psychological distress. In an effort to reveal the transformative ways in which women may be subverting systems of oppression, the current study surrounds development and validation of a quantitative measurement tool centered on resistance to sociocultural beauty ideals and physical standards of appearance. Theoretical reviews, focus group interviews (n =33), and expert feedback formed the basis for item development and modification. An initial pilot sample (n = 169) offered data for initial examination of reliability, while a subsequent validation sample (n = 342) provided data for investigation of factor structure as well as evaluation of reliability and validity performance. A final 63-item Resistance to Sociocultural Appearance Standards (RSAS) Scale was developed. Exploratory factor analytic findings suggested a 3-factor solution represented the data well. Good reliability and mixed evidence for validity of the overall scale and individual subscales derived from the factor analysis were demonstrated. Strengths and limitations as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Martin, Jennifer Leila. "Military load carriage : an innovative method of interface pressure measurement and evaluation of novel load carriage designs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34144.
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This thesis is concerned with the measurement and effects of pressure on the body as a result of military load carriage. High skin pressures are associated with impaired blood flow, brachial plexus disorders and user pain and discomfort. Load carriage research has largely overlooked this issue, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate methodology. The thesis consists of two parts. The aim of part I was to develop and validate a novel method of measuring on-body interface pressures underneath military load carriage equipment. The Tekscan system was used, which provides 954 individual sensing elements over a total sensing area of 238.5cm2. A number of small experiments were undertaken to establish appropriate calibration and measurement error. A five-point rating scale was developed, and included within the experimental procedure; to measure user discomfort at the shoulder area where was 'no discomfort' and 5 was 'unbearably uncomfortable'. Following a pilot study the method was shown to produce reliable data that was sensitive to differences in design of load carriage systems within a comparative experimental design.
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Elm, Andreas. "Evaluation of Body Position Measurement and Analysis using Kinect : at the example of golf swings." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18129.
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Modern motion capturing technologies are capable of collecting quantitative, biomechanical data on golf swings that can help to improve our understanding of golf theory and facilitate the establishing of new, optimized swing paradigms.This study explored the possibility of utilizing Microsoft’s Kinect sensor to analyse the biomechanics of golf swings. Following design-science research principles, it presents a software prototype capable of capturing, recording, analysing and comparing movement patterns using three-dimensional vector angles. The tracking accuracy and data validity of the software were then evaluated in a set of experiments in optimal and real-world conditions using actual golf swing recordings.The results indicate that the software is providing accurate data on joint vector angles with a clear profile view, while visually occluded and frontal angles are more difficult to determine precisely. The employed position detection algorithm demonstrated good results in both optimal and real-world environments. Overall, the presented software and its approach to position analysis and detection show great potential for use in further research efforts.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Ifflaender, Sascha, Mario Rüdiger, Arite Koch, and Wolfram Burkhardt. "Three-Dimensional Digital Capture of Head Size in Neonates – A Method Evaluation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127121.
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Introduction: The quality of neonatal care is mainly determined by long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. The neurodevelopment of preterm infants is related to postnatal head growth and depends on medical interventions such as nutritional support. Head circumference (HC) is currently used as a two-dimensional measure of head growth. Since head deformities are frequently found in preterm infants, HC may not always adequately reflect head growth. Laser aided head shape digitizers offer semiautomatic acquisition of HC and cranial volume (CrV) and could thus be useful in describing head size more precisely.
Aims: 1) To evaluate reproducibility of a 3D digital capture system in newborns. 2) To compare manual and digital HC measurements in a neonatal cohort. 3) To determine correlation of HC and CrV and predictive value of HC.
Methods: Within a twelve-month period data of head scans with a laser shape digitizer were analysed. Repeated measures were used for method evaluation. Manually and digitally acquired HC was compared. Regression analysis of HC and CrV was performed.
Results: Interobserver reliability was excellent for HC (bias-0.005%, 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) −0.39–0.39%) and CrV (bias1.5%, 95%LoA-0.8–3.6%). Method comparison data was acquired from 282 infants. It revealed interchangeability of the methods (bias-0.45%; 95%LoA-4.55–3.65%) and no significant systematic or proportional differences. HC and CrV correlated (r2 = 0.859, p<0.001), performance of HC predicting CrV was poor (RSD ±24 ml). Correlation was worse in infants with lower postmenstrual age (r2 = 0.745) compared to older infants (r2 = 0.843).
Discussion: The current practice of measuring HC for describing head growth in preterm infants could be misleading since it does not represent a 3D approach. CrV can vary substantially in infants of equal HC. The 3D laser scanner represents a new and promising method to provide reproducible data of CrV and HC. Since it does not provide data on cerebral structures, additional imaging is required.
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Ifflaender, Sascha, Mario Rüdiger, Arite Koch, and Wolfram Burkhardt. "Three-Dimensional Digital Capture of Head Size in Neonates – A Method Evaluation." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27279.
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Introduction: The quality of neonatal care is mainly determined by long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. The neurodevelopment of preterm infants is related to postnatal head growth and depends on medical interventions such as nutritional support. Head circumference (HC) is currently used as a two-dimensional measure of head growth. Since head deformities are frequently found in preterm infants, HC may not always adequately reflect head growth. Laser aided head shape digitizers offer semiautomatic acquisition of HC and cranial volume (CrV) and could thus be useful in describing head size more precisely.
Aims: 1) To evaluate reproducibility of a 3D digital capture system in newborns. 2) To compare manual and digital HC measurements in a neonatal cohort. 3) To determine correlation of HC and CrV and predictive value of HC.
Methods: Within a twelve-month period data of head scans with a laser shape digitizer were analysed. Repeated measures were used for method evaluation. Manually and digitally acquired HC was compared. Regression analysis of HC and CrV was performed.
Results: Interobserver reliability was excellent for HC (bias-0.005%, 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) −0.39–0.39%) and CrV (bias1.5%, 95%LoA-0.8–3.6%). Method comparison data was acquired from 282 infants. It revealed interchangeability of the methods (bias-0.45%; 95%LoA-4.55–3.65%) and no significant systematic or proportional differences. HC and CrV correlated (r2 = 0.859, p<0.001), performance of HC predicting CrV was poor (RSD ±24 ml). Correlation was worse in infants with lower postmenstrual age (r2 = 0.745) compared to older infants (r2 = 0.843).
Discussion: The current practice of measuring HC for describing head growth in preterm infants could be misleading since it does not represent a 3D approach. CrV can vary substantially in infants of equal HC. The 3D laser scanner represents a new and promising method to provide reproducible data of CrV and HC. Since it does not provide data on cerebral structures, additional imaging is required.
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Routen, Ashley. "Body mass index and accelerometer measurement issues for use in the evaluation of pedometer-based physical interventions in children." Thesis, University of Worcester, 2013. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/2734/.
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Participation in physical activity (PA) of at least moderate intensity may yield important health benefits for children. A popular behavioural tool used to promote increased PA is the pedometer. There is however limited evidence regarding pedometer-based strategies in children. This thesis reports on a series of anthropometric and accelerometer-measurement issue studies which inform the methods used to address the primary aim of this thesis- to determine the effectiveness of goal-setting, selfmonitoring and step-feedback pedometer-based interventions for increasing PA in 10- 11-year-old children. In addition, each study in their own right provides an original contribution to knowledge within their specific area of scholarship. The first objective of this thesis was therefore to determine diurnal variation of height and weight and the combined effect upon body mass index (BMI) weight status in children via a field based study. Next, the reliability of the Actiwatch 4 (AW4) accelerometer was tested in a mechanical laboratory experiment. Following this laboratory trial a second field based study examined the impact of placement site upon AW4 output, and the validity of a regression equation to predict hip-derived AW4 data from wrist-derived data. Finally, a brief intervention mapping approach was used to develop goal-setting, selfmonitoring and step-feedback pedometer-based interventions, the effectiveness of which was evaluated in a small scale controlled trial involving two primary schools. The main findings of this thesis were a) that diurnal variation in height (and in girls alone, weight) impact upon increased BMI and BMI percentile in afternoon versus morning measurements b) AW4 activity counts exhibit acceptable reliability statistics (comparable to other accelerometer models), which improve when raw activity counts are reduced into derived activity intensity variables c) wrist and hip derived AW4 data are not comparable, and the derived regression equation may not be suitable for group level prediction due to inaccurate individual level prediction and the large standard error of the estimate observed d) pilot testing pedometer wear and intervention materials may highlight practical pedometer issues (i.e. pedometer attachment, wearing compliance and acceptability of instruction sheets) that inform intervention implementation and e) pedometer-based goal-setting, self-monitoring and step-feedback interventions did not increase PA in 10-11-year-old children. However, individual-standardised goal setting may be more promising as this appeared to mitigate any decline in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in moreactive children, and increased MVPA in less-active. To summarise, the findings of this thesis highlight important issues for physical activity scientists to consider when using BMI-determined weight status as a grouping variable and accelerometers as an outcome measure, when evaluating physical activity interventions in children. With regard to the primary aim of this thesis, future researchers should further examine the effectiveness of the individual-standardised against the group-standardised goal type in a longer-duration intervention and using a larger sample of children, which may permit sub-group analyses to be conducted. Of primary importance is future clarification on the effectiveness of goal setting, self-monitoring and step-feedback pedometer-based interventions per se for changing PA in children.
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Caylor, Marcus Lamar. "An econometric evaluation of the efficacy of 008 BAC legislation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32976.
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Choquette, Emily M. "A Psychometric Evaluation of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS)." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7007.
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Drunkorexia refers to a set of disordered eating behaviors that occur in the context of a drinking episode for the purpose of 1) off setting caloric intake of the alcohol or 2) increasing the effects of alcohol. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) was developed with the purpose of measuring drunkorexia behaviors at three time points: before, during, and after a drinking episode. The purpose of this study was to further validate the measure for use in men and women by examining measurement invariance, reliability, and validity. First, single group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately by gender to examine the underlying factor structure of the measure. The two groups independently showed similar factor structure. The factor structure for both men and women indicated the removal of the original CEBRACS Restriction subscale. A multi-group CFA was conducted on the modified factor structure using gender as the grouping variable. This revised measure was found to have scalar invariance suggesting that means and variances of this measure can be compared. The current study addressed several limitations of previous measurement validation studies including a large diverse sample and thorough examination of the psychometric properties of the CEBRACS. This work provides additional evidence supporting the validity of the CEBRACS and suggests measurement invariance between genders.
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Eilard, Hillevi, and Albina Iljasov. "The Use of Social Impact Measurements in Socially Entrepreneurial Organizations - A Quantitative Survey Study on Organizational Size." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23983.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between organizational size and the decision of using social impact measurements in Swedish socially entrepreneurial organizations, which include organizations and individuals that aim at solving social problems. Data is collected using an online survey, and three different ways to measure organizational size are used and tested whether they have a positive relation-ship with the use of social impact measurement. Organizational size is measured as the yearly turnover, available personnel and the number of members and participants in the organization. The association was analyzed through three different analytical methods, and we also present detailed descriptive statis-tics for the data sample. The results showed significant relationships between available staff as well as members and participants and the use of social impact measurements, while no significant relationship between the yearly turnover and the use of social impact measurements could be confirmed. We suggest a consideration of impact measurements when addressing sustainable organizational development as well as consideration of organizational size for local governments when introducing policies, funding and other support for socially entrepreneurial organizations.
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Wehrli, Kenneth Wayne. "Evaluation of a shallow water running test for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935935.
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The direct measurement of maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) has always been the benchmark for the determination of Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the time and expense of that type of testing does not lend itself to students in activity classes or adult fitness participants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a 500 yard shallow water run test in determining CRF. A commonly used field test, the 1.5 mile run, was used as a basis for comparison during the 500 yard water run. Subjects in this study included 15 men and 28 women that completed a 1.5 mile run and a 500 yard shallow water run as well as a graded exercise test to fatigue on a treadmill. Correlations between 1.5 mile runs and the 500 yard shallow water run and VO2 peak were -.89 and -.80 respectively. In addition to simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to significantly improve the prediction of CRF (p<0.05). Peak HR during the 1.5 mile run significantly improved the 1.5 mile run prediction of CRF (R2=0.78 to 0.82) with a reduction in SEE (3.95 to 3.52 ml/kg/min) from the simple regression alone. Percent body fat and subject height improved the 500 yard shallow water runs prediction of CRF (R2=0.62 to 0.86) with a reduction in SEE (5.14 to 3.19 ml/kg/min). In conclusion the 500 yard shallow water run can be used to accurately predict CRF and with the addition of percent body fat and height provide a better prediction of CRF.School of Physical Education
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Wood, B. C. "A coherent and unified particle size measurement system : a new system for calibration, correction, presentation and evaluation of particle size data using statistical methods; the system is particularly relevant to imaging applications." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333164.
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Muhilambele, Vedasto Rutakorezibwa Muganyizi. "Measurement and prediction of capacity to reach for food through barriers in sheep and goats : effect of body size on horizontal and vertical reach in castrates and females." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333543.
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Amiri, Javad Mohammadian, and Venkata Vinod Kumar Padmanabhuni. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Conversion Approaches for Different Function Points." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3691.
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Context: Software cost and effort estimation are important activities for planning and estimation of software projects. One major player for cost and effort estimation is functional size of software which can be measured in variety of methods. Having several methods for measuring one entity, converting outputs of these methods becomes important. Objectives: In this study we investigate different techniques that have been proposed for conversion between different Functional Size Measurement (FSM) techniques. We addressed conceptual similarities and differences between methods, empirical approaches proposed for conversion, evaluation of the proposed approaches and improvement opportunities that are available for current approaches. Finally, we proposed a new conversion model based on accumulated data. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review for investigating the similarities and differences between FSM methods and proposed approaches for conversion. We also identified some improvement opportunities for the current conversion approaches. Sources for articles were IEEE Xplore, Engineering Village, Science Direct, ISI, and Scopus. We also performed snowball sampling to decrease chance of missing any relevant papers. We also evaluated the existing models for conversion after merging the data from publicly available datasets. By bringing suggestions for improvement, we developed a new model and then validated it. Results: Conceptual similarities and differences between methods are presented along with all methods and models that exist for conversion between different FSM methods. We also came with three major contributions for existing empirical methods; for one existing method (piecewise linear regression) we used a systematic and rigorous way of finding discontinuity point. We also evaluated several existing models to test their reliability based on a merged dataset, and finally we accumulated all data from literature in order to find the nature of relation between IFPUG and COSMIC using LOESS regression technique. Conclusions: We concluded that many concepts used by different FSM methods are common which enable conversion. In addition statistical results show that the proposed approach to enhance piecewise linear regression model slightly increases model’s test results. Even this small improvement can affect projects’ cost largely. Results of evaluation of models show that it is not possible to say which method can predict unseen data better than others and it depends on the concerns of practitioner that which model should be used. And finally accumulated data confirms that empirical relation between IFPUG and COSMIC is not linear and can be presented by two separate lines better than other models. Also we noted that unlike COSMIC manual’s claim that discontinuity point should be around 200 FP, in merged dataset discontinuity point is around 300 to 400. Finally we proposed a new conversion approach using systematic approach and piecewise linear regression. By testing on new data, this model shows improvement in MMRE and Pred(25).Javad Amiri: Nabshe Kooche 3, Bolvare shadi, Farhangian 2, Qom, Iran, phone: +989127476593 Vinod Kumar: s/o P.V.Kondala Rao, Main Road Khaji Street Rajahmundry. A.P. India pin: 533101 phone: +917396449336
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Árnadóttir, Guðrún. "Measuring the impact of body functions on occupational performance : validation of the ADL-focused occupation-based neurobehavioral evaluation (A-ONE)." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Arbetsterapi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32083.
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Background: Among the instruments commonly used by occupational therapists working in the area of rehabilitation of persons with neurological disorders are evaluations of both occupation, such as activities of daily living (ADL), and body functions. While persons with neurological diagnoses typically have symptoms that represent diminished neurobehavioral functions, the resulting pattern of neurobehavioral impairments affecting ADL performance often differs among diagnostic groups. Usually, neurobehavioral impairments are evaluated in a context that is separate from and not natural for ADL task performance. The A-ONE is a unique instrument that can be used to evaluate both ADL performance (ADL scale) and, in the natural context of the ADL task performance, the underlying neurobehaviors that cause diminished ADL task performance among persons with neurological disorders (Neurobehavioral scale). The scales of the instrument are of ordinal type, and in their existing form, do not have measurement properties. Measurement properties are a requirement of evidence-based and quality assured rehabilitation services. The overall aim of this doctoral study was to further develop and validate the A-ONE. This included (a) internal validation to explore the potential for converting the ordinal scales of the instrument to interval scales, (b) examination of which of the neurobehavioral items would be most beneficial and clinically useful for constructing a new Neurobehavioral Impact (NBI) scale for evaluating persons with different neurological diagnoses, and (c) exploration of whether persons with right and left cerebrovascular accidents (RCVA, LCVA) differ in mean NBI measures. Methods: This thesis is comprised of four studies which all contribute in different ways to the validation of the scales of the A-ONE. In the first three studies, Rasch analyses, a widely accepted modern test theory methodology, was used to examine internal validity of the scales and the reliability of the A-ONE measures. In the fourth study, ANCOVA was used to explore between group differences, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to explore relations between person measures from the different A-ONE scales. Results: The first study of 209 persons diagnosed with CVA and dementia provided support for converting the ordinal ADL scale to an interval scale that has potential to be used to measure change in ADL performance over time. The second and third studies, including 206 and 422 persons respectively, indicated that it is possible to construct several unidimensional versions of a new NBI scale from the neurobehavioral items of the instrument, each with different item content and hierarchical item structure. Further, some of these NBI scales could be used across different diagnostic groups. When exploring differences between 215 persons with RCVA and LCVA on the NBI scale developed for CVA, results of the ANCOVA (with ADL ability as a covariate) indicated that there is no significant difference between groups in their mean NBI measures, despite known differences in patterns of neurobehavioral impairments. Conclusions: The results of this thesis indicate that the A-ONE, although developed by traditional psychometric methods for the purpose of providing useful information for intervention planning, now also has the potential to be used to measure change and compare diagnostic groups. This additional feature will likely enhance both clinical and research potential of the instrument. In order to make the results of the study accessible for clinicians, conversion tables need to be developed.
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Árnadóttir, Guðrún. "Measuring the impact of body functions on occupational performance validation of the ADL-focused occupation-based neurobehavioral evaluation (A-ONE) /." Umeå : Umeå university, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32083.
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Meymand, Sajjad Zeinoddini. "State of the Art Roller Rig for Precise Evaluation of Wheel-Rail Contact Mechanics and Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64920.
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The focus of this study is on the development of a state-of-the-art single-wheel roller rig for studying contact mechanics and dynamics in railroad applications. The use of indoor-based simulation tools has become a mainstay in vehicle testing for the automotive and railroad industries. In contrast to field-testing, roller rigs offer a controlled laboratory environment that can provide a successful path for obtaining data on the mechanics and dynamics of railway systems for a variety of operating conditions. The idea to develop a laboratory test rig started from the observation that there is a need for better-developed testing fixtures capable of accurately explaining the complex physics of wheel-rail contact toward designing faster, safer, and more efficient railway systems. A review of current roller rigs indicated that many desired functional requirements for studying contact mechanics currently are not available. Thus, the Virginia Tech Railway Technologies Laboratory (RTL) has embarked on a mission to develop a state-of-the-art testing facility that will allow experimental testing of contact mechanics in a dynamic, controlled, and consistent manner. VT roller rig will allow for closely replicating the boundary conditions of railroad wheel-rail contact via actively controlling all the wheel-rail interface degrees of freedom: cant angle, angle of attack, and lateral displacement. Two sophisticated independent drivelines are configured to precisely control the rotational speed of the wheels, and therefore their relative slip or creepage. A novel force measurement system, suitable for steel on steel contact, is configured to precisely measure the contact forces and moments at the contact patch. The control architecture is developed based on the SynqNet data acquisition system offered by Kollmorgen, the motors supplier. SynqNet provides a unified communication protocol between actuators, drives, and data acquisition system, hence eliminating data conversion among them. Various design analysis indicates that the rig successfully meets the set requirements: additional accuracy in measurements, and better control on the design of experiments. The test results show that the rig is capable of conducting various contact mechanics studies aimed for advancing the existing art. Beyond developing the experimental testing fixture for studying contact mechanics, this study provides a comprehensive review of the contact models. It discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing the models, compares the models functionality, and highlights the open areas that require further experimental and theoretical research. In addition, a multi-body dynamic model of the entire rig, using software package SIMPACK, is developed for conducting modal analysis of the rig and evaluating the performance of the rig's components. A MATLAB routine is also developed that provides a benchmark for developing creep curves from measurements of the rig and comparing them with existing creep curves.Ph. D.
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Orwin, Claire Nicola. "An evaluation of the performance of an optical measurement system for the three-dimensional capture of the shape and dimensions of the human body." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4908.
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As the clothing industry moves away from traditional models of mass production there has been increased interest towards customised clothing. The technology to produce cost effective customised clothing is already in place however the prerequisite to customised clothing is accurate body dimensional data. In response, image capture systems have been developed which are capable of recording a three-dimensional image of the body, from which measurements and shape information may be extracted. The use of these systems for customised clothing has, to date, been limited due to issues of inaccuracy, cost and portability. To address the issue of inaccuracy a diagnostic procedure has been developed through the performance evaluation of an image capture system. By systematically evaluating physical and instrumental parameters the more relevant sources of potential error were identified and quantified and subsequently corrected to form a `closed loop' experimental procedure. A systematic test procedure is therefore presented which may be universally applied to image capture systems working on the same principle. The methodology was based upon the isolation and subsequent testing of variables that were thought to be potential sources of error. The process therefore included altering the physical parameters of the target object in relation to the image capture system and amending the configuration and calibration settings within the system. From the evaluation the most relevant sources of error were identified as the cosine effect, measurement point displacement, the dimensional differences between views and the influence of the operator in measurement. The test procedure proved to be effective in both evaluating the performance of the system under investigation and in enabling the quantification of errors. Both random and systematic errors were noted which may be quantified or corrected to enable improved accuracy in the measured results. Recommendations have been made for the improvement of the performance of the current image capture system these include the integration of a cosine effect correction algorithm and suggestions for the automation of the image alignment process. The limitations of the system such as its reliance on manual intervention for both the measurement and stitching processes, are discussed, as is its suitability for providing dimensional information for bespoke clothing production. Recommendations are also made for the creation of an automated test procedure for testing the performance of alternative image capture systems, which involves evaluating the accuracy of object replication both for multiple and single image capture units using calibration objects which combine a range of surfaces.
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Young, Kieran. "The development and evaluation of a testing protocol to assess upper body pressing strength qualities in high performance athletes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/554.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an isometric force assessment (isometric bench press) across 4 standardised angles and an isoinertial force and velocity assessment (ballistic bench throw) utilising a relative load based on a percentage of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press; and to evaluate whether the use of the dynamic strength deficit (DSD) ratio can guide training and detect changes induced by training over a 5 week period.
METHODS: Twenty four elite male athletes (age = 19.9 ± 2.7yrs; mass = 79.1 ± 13.0kg) performed the isometric bench press and a 45% 1RM ballistic bench throw on 2 separate days with 48 hours between testing occasions. Peak force, peak power, peak velocity, peak displacement and peak rate of force development were assessed using a force plate and linear position transducer. Reliability was assessed by Intra- Class Correlation (ICC), Percent Coefficient of Variation (%CV) and Typical Error (TE). The athletes’ DSD ratios were then calculated using the peak force values obtained during the BBT and IBP (DSD = IBP peak force/BBT peak force). Athletes were then placed in to 2 groups as matched-pairs based on their DSD ratio and their strength in the 1RM bench press. The Bench Press (BP) Group performed high intensity bench press while the Ballistic Bench Throw Group performed moderate intensity ballistic bench throws. Both groups trained twice a week for 5 weeks.
RESULTS: All performance measures except for peak rate of force development were considered reliable (ICC = 0.85-0.97, %CV = 1.2-3.3). The DSD ratio was sensitive to the disparate training methods between groups, with the BP Group increasing their IBP peak force (p = 0.035), the BBT Group increasing their bench throw performance (p ≤ 0.001), and as a result, yielding a significant change (p ≤ 0.001) in the DSD for both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Performance measures such as peak force in the isometric bench press and ballistic bench throw are reliable when assessing upper body pressing strength qualities in elite male athletes. Further, the DSD can be used to detect qualities of relative deficiency and guide specific training interventions based on test results.
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Brown, Katie M. "Development of the Negative Attentional Bias during Exercise Measure and the Rumination and Escape Thoughts Measure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1042.
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The primary purpose of this study was to develop a measure to assess negative attentional bias toward changes in bodily sensations during exercise and to examine the reliability and validity of that measure. A secondary purpose was to develop a measure to assess tendencies toward rumination about the changes in bodily sensations and tendencies to have escape thoughts with regard to the exercise bout. While global measures of anxiety, rumination, and escape thoughts already exist, the advantage of these newly developed measures is that they are context specific to exercise. Participants in this study consisted of 329 undergraduate students. The mean age for the participants was 19.94. Participants were given, via an online survey, two newly created measures as well as established measures of neuroticism, pessimism, trait anxiety, and current exercise habits. The two newly created measures yielded reliable scores via examination of internal consistency. The results also demonstrated that the newly created context specific measures correlated significantly with global measures of neuroticism, pessimism, and trait anxiety; evidence for convergent validity. Last, the new measures correlated more strongly with current exercise habits than the global measures; evidence for convergent-divergent validity.
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Olebjörk, Karin. "Måttning : Problematiken kring måttning inför val av storlek vid e-handel." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14798.
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Denna rapport vill belysa kunders problem med att hitta passande storlek när de handlar kläder i en webbutik. Fokusområdet är att undersöka om det är möjligt för kunder att ta tillförlitliga kroppsmått eller plaggmått med måttband, för att välja passande klädstorlek vid e-handel. Först genomfördes en marknadsundersökning för att ta reda på hur klädföretag utformar sina storleksguider. Därefter utfördes en undersökning där 20 militärer deltog. De fick i uppgift att följa instruktioner för att ta kroppsmått på sig själva, ta samma mått på varandra och måtta av två utvalda plagg. Avslutningsvis fick de låta sig bli mätta av en designtekniker. Resultatet visade mycket stor spridning och flera av måtten hade ett spann från -6 cm till +6 cm i jämfört med att en professionell genomförde mätningen. En upptäckt var att vissa mätresultat blev bättre när någon annan än personen själv utförde kroppsmätningen. Deltagarna fick som avslut svara på några frågor. Hela 60 % av deltagarna i testgruppen trodde att en filminstruktion skulle ha underlättat mätningen. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt att informera kunder hur de bör ta hjälp med att ta sina mått i användandet av storleksguiden, och att en instruktionsfilm kan underlätta mätningen. Ett komplement till kroppsmått kan vara plaggmått i storleksguiden.The purpose of this report is to highlight customers' problems in finding the right size when shopping for clothes in an online store. The focus area is to investigate whether it is possible for customers to take accurate body measurements or garment measurements with a measuring tape in order to select appropriate clothing size in e-commerce. A market investigation on the internet was conducted to find out how clothing companies design their size guides. Then a study took place with 20 participant soldiers. They were asked to follow the instructions for taking body measurements of themselves, to take measurements of each other and to measure two selected garments. Finally, they where measured by a garment technologist. The result showed a very large difference, and several of the measures had a span from -6 cm to +6 cm. One finding was that some measurement results were improved when someone else than themselves performed the body measuring. Afterwards the participants were asked to answer a few questions. Around 60 % of the them believed that a film instruction could facilitate the body measuring. The conclusion is that it is important to inform the customers in the size guide that it is important to get help to get as accurate measurements as possible and that an instructional film can facilitate the measuring. A complement to body measurements can be garments measurements in the size guide.
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Berry, Kathleen Margaret. "The changing size and shape of Australian women." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61954.
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This study investigates body size and shape of present-day Australian women. The need for such investigations results from the fact that secular trends in body size and shape change these characteristics every few decades. As body size and shape change, there is a need to update metric data used for clothing design. Morphometric photographs and measurements of 38 anthropometric characteristics were taken of 163 women aged from 18 to 82 years coming from various socio-economic circumstances. Their average body height and weight matched Australian Bureau of Statistics data for South Australian women. The anthropometric characteristics were selected for their usefulness in the clothing industry. In comparison with earlier studies of adult Australian women, especially the one conducted in 1926-28 by Berlei, the participants of the present study were only slightly taller (about 11 mm), but much heavier (about 6 kg); this produced an average Body Mass Index of 24.7. Participants also differed from British and American women. These findings indicate a need for an anthropometric survey of Australian women to provide current data for industrial purposes. As a pilot study to this end averages and standard deviations of all 36 anthropometric dimensions and weight were tabulated. Furthermore, based on standard morphometric photographs of anterior, posterior and the lateral aspect of standing women, five body types were identified. They resemble the letters off the alphabet I, A, H, X and XH. For each figure type basic anthropometric dimensions were tabulated. This study can be considered a pilot study for a larger, fully representative anthropometric survey but its results already show an occurrence of a significant trend towards overweight.Thesis (M.Med.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, 2001
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Chen, Chun-Yang, and 陳俊仰. "System for Implementing Three-dimensional reconstruction and Size Measurement of Human Body by using Kinects." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f66h3w.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
100
In the past, most of the three-dimensional body scanning and reconstruction systems are using Laser scanner to do Body scanning. The laser scanner is highly precise, but expensive and not convenient. In addition, it must have professional peripherals, and is required by an operator with training. The purpose of this study is to design one kind of three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement system which is low-cost, simple and approximate accuracy to the laser scanner. One of possible choice is RGB-depth camera, such as Kinect. However, one single Kinect is unable to scan whole body and capture enough of the cloud point due to its limitation of scanning perspective. It is necessary to set up multi-faceted KINECT to reach a full range of scanning, but this way will increase in costs significantly. To sum up, this study proposes a system by using two Kinects, one upper and one lower, and a rotating platform linking the computer to do the scanning and control. By this way, it can scan whole body and capture enough of the cloud point in the limited room. Moreover the combination of rotating platform can achieve a full range of scanning by scanning from different angle. In the last, combination of all the pictures cans reconstruct the three-dimensional body, which then can provide size information for each parts of the body.
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Li, Cheng-Hsien, and 李承憲. "The Measurement and Evaluation on Whole-Body Vibration of Garbage Trucks Drivers." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02169619815956996254.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
94
The locally research on whole body vibration has already aimed at the passenger transportation car and train, institute of occupational safety and health last few years is begin to aim at drivers of a forklift, container car and construction to use a machine etc. To carry on measurement evaluation, but regarding the laborer research expose to the whole body vibration, still lack the comprehensive research materials. This research hope for the target which is not investigating yet at domestic - garbage truck, carry on the preliminary vibration determination.This research studies the garbage truck drivers in Douliou City and Minsyong Township. Measuring the actual condition of garbage trucks drivers exposed to whole body vibration. ISO 2631/1-1985、ISO 2631-1:1997 and Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” are used to evaluate tolerable exposure time per day for drivers. The experimental instruments include SVANTEK 948 sound＆vibration analysis instrument, SA 39A seat accelerometer, SVAN 948 analysis software, and etc. It is found that when evaluating the tolerable exposure time in the sampling 23 garbage trucks by Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” exceed 4 hours exposure limits have 6 trucks (26 %).Using ISO 2631/1-1985 to calculate the three axial vectors sum acceleration, most garbage trucks have the tolerable exposure time above 24 hours (91 %).When using equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997 to calculate the three axial vectors sum acceleration, eighteen out of 23 truck type garbage trucks have the tolerable exposure time less than 4 hours (78 %), and using B.2 of ISO 2631-1:1997 to calculate the three axial vectors sum acceleration, eighteen out of 23 truck type garbage trucks have the tolerable exposure time less than 4 hours (78 %). It’s found most garbage trucks drivers don’t work exceed 4 hours per day. Common garbage truck vibration magnitude, weighting of value computation by ISO 2631-1:1997 suggestion, three axial vectors sum acceleration the mean value is 1.43 m/s2. X axis acceleration mean value is 0.4 m/s2. The Y axis acceleration mean value is 0.34 m/s2. Z axis acceleration mean value 1.14 m/s2. Resources recycling trucks vibration magnitude, weighting of value computation by ISO 2631-1:1997 suggestion, three axial vectors sum acceleration the mean value is 1.65 m/s2. X axis acceleration mean value is 0.51 m/s2. The Y axis acceleration mean value is 0.48 m/s2. Z axis acceleration mean value is 1.16 m/s2.
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"Evaluation of Five Effect Size Measures of Measurement Non-Invariance for Continuous Outcomes." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53458.
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abstract: To make meaningful comparisons on a construct of interest across groups or over time, measurement invariance needs to exist for at least a subset of the observed variables that define the construct. Often, chi-square difference tests are used to test for measurement invariance. However, these statistics are affected by sample size such that larger sample sizes are associated with a greater prevalence of significant tests. Thus, using other measures of non-invariance to aid in the decision process would be beneficial. For this dissertation project, I proposed four new effect size measures of measurement non-invariance and analyzed a Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate their properties and behavior in addition to the properties and behavior of an already existing effect size measure of non-invariance. The effect size measures were evaluated based on bias, variability, and consistency. Additionally, the factors that affected the value of the effect size measures were analyzed. All studied effect sizes were consistent, but three were biased under certain conditions. Further work is needed to establish benchmarks for the unbiased effect sizes.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2019
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Wheat, Andrew N. "Evaluation of body composition measurements associated with low bone mineral density." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1612301.
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Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community onlyAccess to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Ciou, Liang-Yu, and 邱亮瑜. "Measurement of Raindrop Size Distribution and Evaluation of Rainfall Kinetic Energy in Northern Taiwan Using Disdrometer." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77728687315148234008.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
104
The equation for evaluating rainfall kinetic energy currently used in Taiwan is not derived from the local rainfall data. Because rainfall kinetic energy is quite related to the region, it is necessary to develop an equation of rainfall kinetic energy for each area. The main purposes of this study are to measure the rain drop size distribution in northern Taiwan using disdrometer and to establish the equation for evaluating rainfall kinetic energy using the measured data. In this study, the data of rainfall and rain drop size distribution collected at three observation stations, namely, National Central University station, Xiayun station and Feitsui station, using disdrometer from 2012 to the Jun. of 2016 were used to evaluate the rainfall kinetic energy. To accomplish this, three methods for evaluating rainfall kinetic energy were applied. The first is the method of energy per unit volume (KEmm ), a conventional method, and its coefficient of determination( R2) between rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity is approximately 0.6. The second is the method of energy per unit time (KEtime ), a relatively newly developed method, and the coefficient of determination( R2) between rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall intensity is greater than 0.97. The third is the method using attribute characteristics such as drop size distribution, precipitation types and the rainfall intensity to categorize the rainfall events and develop the KE-I relationship. While the rainfall is categorized with the drop size distribution (DSD), the KEmm remains constant over various rainfall intensities, and the results are very good. However, while the precipitation types and the rainfall intensity are used for categorizing, the results are not satisfactory. In this study, several methods are used to develop the equations for evaluating rainfall kinetic energy using the local rainfall data. Among these, the results of the KEtime method and the third method using the drop size distribution (DSD) to categorize the rainfall are much better. Accordingly, the findings in this study are expected to be useful for evaluating rainfall kinetic energy and rainfall erosion index in the future.
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Fu, Jean. "Description of body size change during and after pregnancy by body composition measurement a research report sumbitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science, Parent-Child Nursing ... /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68798797.html.
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Ye, Qing-Zong, and 葉青宗. "The Measurement and Evaluation of Health Risks on Whole-Body Vibration of Oil Tank Lorry Drivers." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37260631237487918649.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全工程系碩士班
93
The method and objective of this study is to measure the vibration received by 28 oil tank lorry drivers. The random sampling method is used and the vibration magnitude of the drivers is measured during the entire journey. Article 301 in Taiwan’s regulation “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health” and the methods recommended by ISO 2631/1-1985 and ISO 2631-1:1997 are used to evaluate the health risk of the drivers. While assessing the health risks, the tolerable exposure time is evaluated based on the three axial vectors sum acceleration calculated by equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997. Three out of 7 truck type oil tank lorries have the tolerable exposure time less than 8 hours (43 %), and 19 out of 21 haul truck type oil tank lorries have the tolerable exposure time less than 8 hours (90 %). When the worst axis acceleration is calculated by equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997, there is one truck type oil tank lorry of which the tolerable exposure time is less than 8 hours (14 %), and so are 13 haul truck type oil tank lorries (62 %). While assessing the potential health risks, the tolerable exposure time is less than 8 hours either using equation B.1 or equation B.2. It indicates that all oil tank lorry drivers in Taiwan are exposed to the potential health risk of whole body vibration. In comparison with two different assessment methods, all 28 vehicles (100 %) evaluated based on three axial vectors sum acceleration using equation B.1 of ISO 2631-1:1997 have less tolerable exposure time than that regulated by 301 articles of “Rules of Equipment and Measures for Protecting Labors’ Safety and Health. While using the worst acceleration calculated by equation B.1, nineteen vehicles (68 %) have less tolerable exposure time compared to that in the 301 articles norm.
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Calce, Stephanie Elizabeth. "Osteoarthritis of the human skeleton: an evaluation of age, activity, and body size in load-bearing joint regions." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7223.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in human populations with onset and severity influenced by mechanical loading, aging effects, genetics, anatomy, and body mass. Despite major advancements in knowledge, the aetiopathogenesis of OA is complex and still poorly understood. Lack of standardization in methods to quantify skeletal OA make it difficult to study the effects of interacting explanatory variables on arthritic response, and prevents comparison of results between bioarchaeological studies. Joint changes of OA as a function of both the natural aging process and of mechanical stress can make an individual appear older than their chronological age, potentially impacting current methods to derive accurate skeletal age at death estimates, particularly in load-bearing regions.
This project addressed these issues through three studies, using a large skeletal sample of modern Europeans for which sex, age, and occupation were available. The first study used principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure to compute aggregate scores for joint complexes and a systemic measure of OA in each region of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and knee. The second study analyzed the composite scores with a multiple regression model to determine the relative contribution of three predictors: age, activity, and body size, and their effect on skeletal expression of OA in each region. Body size (stature and mass) was calculated from postcranial skeletal measurements; torsional strength (J) of the femoral midshaft was calculated from three-dimensional surface models, size standardized and used as a proxy for measure of activity. The third study considered the effect of OA severity on the validity and reliability of three methods to estimate age at death from load-bearing joints of the os coxa: the pubic symphysis, auricular surface, and acetabulum. The study was designed to determine whether OA in adults acts as a potential limitation or benefit in deriving accurate skeletal age at death estimates from pelvic joint morphology that will contribute to standardized methods in establishing physiological degeneration of the skeleton due to aging.
Body size and activity factors did not contribute significantly to OA pathology outside of the age-related expression in either of the lumbar vertebrae or knee regions, and only demonstrated a weak association at pelvic joints. Differences in adult patterns of age are reflected in joint arthritic changes of the os coxa and OA severity has an effect on the accuracy of age estimates from the pelvis; those with OA consistently aging faster in all three joint areas. This influence is most significant for young individuals at the auricular surface and pubic symphysis, over-aging at both. Oldest persons with little arthritic patterning at the acetabulum were under-aged, but accuracy of the age estimate improved as OA severity increased. Systemic measures of OA determined through PCA as an indicator of age, appear useful to identify the very old, but may also help to distinguish between systemic age-related stresses and localized biomechanical effects. Interpreting OA as evidence for old age, measures of habitual activity, and larger body mass should be exercised with caution in skeletal populations.Graduate
2018-04-18
0327
0339
0571
calce.stephanie@gmail.com
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LIU, YI-KUN, and 劉怡焜. "The measurement & evaluation of whole body vibration (WBV) and the health effects of WBV on bus drivers." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44141405471879459713.
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Christel, Deborah A. "Physically active adult women's experiences with plus-size athletic apparel." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31253.
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Substantial research on the functionality of athletic apparel has been conducted; however little consideration has been given to the plus size figure. Societal messages suggest that overweight women are lazy and therefore would not be interested in athletic apparel. The purpose of this study was to determine overweight adult women's
experience with athletic clothing. The sample consisted of 14 women, ages 30 to 65 who wore size 1X to 3X. They were each supplied with a Nike brand athletic outfit and participated in two in depth interviews. Data collection methods included qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys and guided journaling. The major findings suggest that overweight women have difficulty shopping for clothing. Difficulty and frustration was experienced on a number of levels including; limited stores, limited selection and styles, fitting issues, over-priced items and less color options compared to smaller sizes. The findings suggest overweight women experience emotional anxiety when trying on clothing for the first time. Dissatisfaction with clothing fit was attributed to the belief their body is unsuitable and needs to change. Satisfaction with clothing fit was attributed to the ability of the apparel designer. Many negative experiences have left this sample feeling disappointed and marginalized. Some participant's experienced increased desire to participate in physical activity while others felt exercise was a necessity regardless of the clothing available. By trying on the Nike brand clothing, it gave the women in this study an alternative way of dressing themselves which has enabled several women to feel differently about their size and their body in athletic clothing. The current sample showed behaviors of internalization by using dehumanizing terms to describe body parts. The sample felt discriminated against in the media and wanted to see larger women modeling clothing. Apparel companies should include a wider variety of sizes in their brick and mortar stores as to not alienate a population. Apparel companies should incorporate diverse models into advertisement to include the plus-size population. Proving high quality athletic apparel to plus size women provided an opportunity for them to experience their bodies in a new perspective. Future studies should develop new pattern making, grading and sizing techniques in order to provide better fitting athletic apparel for large size bodies. Studies expanding on fit and comfort of athletic apparel for large bodies should be explored. This paper provides an initial indication of how plus size women experience athletic apparel. Further understanding of clothing, fit and exercise behavior are needed.Graduation date: 2013
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from July 18, 2012 - January 18, 2013
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Castelló, Palacios Sergio. "Wideband Electromagnetic Body Phantoms for the Evaluation of Wireless Communications in the Microwave Spectrum." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/132182.
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[ES] La constante evolución de la tecnología y la búsqueda de nuevas aplicaciones que mejoren la vida de las personas ha llevado a la incorporación de estas tecnologías en el organismo. Las redes inalámbricas de área corporal (WBAN) son un buen ejemplo de esto, que consisten en redes de comunicaciones ubicadas en el propio cuerpo, tanto en la superficie como implantadas en su interior mediante el uso de dispositivos inalámbricos. Estas redes utilizan el cuerpo humano como medio de transmisión, por lo que debe evaluarse la influencia del mismo sobre la propagación. Además, las nuevas generaciones de comunicaciones móviles se están moviendo hacia el uso de frecuencias cada vez más altas, como las ondas milimétricas, que son más sensibles a la presencia de cualquier objeto en el entorno, incluidos los humanos. La investigación y el diseño de antenas y dispositivos que tengan en cuenta el cuerpo humano requiere pruebas en el entorno donde se supone que deben usarse. Los fantomas se convierten en una herramienta para evaluar la transmisión de señales electromagnéticas en un medio equivalente al cuerpo para evitar la experimentación en humanos o animales. Además de eso, se puede estudiar la influencia de estas ondas electromagnéticas sobre los propios tejidos en cuanto a la tasa de absorción específica (SAR).[CAT] L'evolució constant de la tecnologia i la recerca de noves aplicacions que milloren la vida de les persones ha portat a la incorporació d'aquestes tecnologies en l'organisme. Les xarxes sense fils d'àrea corporal (WBAN) són un bon exemple d'açò, que consisteixen en xarxes de comunicacions ubicades al propi cos, tant en la superfície com implantades en el seu interior mitjançant l'ús de dispositius sense fils. Aquestes xarxes empren el cos humà com a medi de transmissió, per la qual cosa se n'ha d'avaluar la influència sobre la propagació. A més, les noves generacions de comunicacions mòbils s'estan movent cap a l'ús de freqüències cada vegada més altes, com les ones mil·limètriques, que són més sensibles a la presència de qualsevol objecte en l'entorn, incloent-hi els humans. La investigació i el disseny d'antenes i dispositius que tinguen en compte el cos humà requereix proves en l'entorn on se suposa que han d'usar-se. Els fantomes esdevenen una eina per a avaluar la transmissió de senyals electromagnètics en un medi equivalent al cos per tal d'evitar l'experimentació en humans o animals. A més d'això, es pot estudiar la influència d'aquestes ones electromagnètiques sobre els teixits mateixos en relació amb la taxa d'absorció específica (SAR).
[EN] The constant evolution of technology and the search for new applications that improve people's lives has led to the arrival of the incorporation of these technologies in the organism. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are a good example of this, consisting of communications networks located in the body itself, both on the surface and implanted inside it through the use of wireless devices. These networks use the human body as the transmitting medium, so its influence over the propagation has to be assessed. Besides, new generations of mobile communications are moving towards the use of higher frequencies, as the millimetre waves, which are more sensitive to the presence of any object in the environment, including humans. The research and design of antennas and devices that take into account the human body requires testing in the environment where these are supposed to be used. Phantoms become a tool for evaluating the transmission of electromagnetic signals in a body-equivalent medium in order to avoid experimentation on humans or animals. In addition to that, the influence of these electromagnetic waves over the tissues themselves can be studied with regard to the specific absorption rate (SAR).
This thesis has been possible thanks to the funding contribution of the Universitat Polit`ecnica de Val`encia through the PAID-01-16 programme. This work was also supported by the UPV-IIS La Fe programme (STUDER, 2016 and EMOTE, 2017). The research stay was supported by the European Union’s Erasmus+ funding programme under a traineeship grant.
Castelló Palacios, S. (2019). Wideband Electromagnetic Body Phantoms for the Evaluation of Wireless Communications in the Microwave Spectrum [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/132182
TESIS
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Liu, Jiayang. "Electrochemical behaviors of micro-arc oxidation coated magnesium alloy." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5966.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)In recent years, magnesium alloys, due to their high strength and biocompatibility, have attracted significant interest in medical applications, such as cardiovascular stents, orthopedic implants, and devices. To overcome the high corrosion rate of magnesium alloys, coatings have been developed on the alloy surface. Most coating methods, such as anodic oxidation, polymer coating and chemical conversion coating, cannot produce satisfactory coating to be used in human body environment. Recent studies demonstrate that micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique can produce hard, dense, wear-resistant and well-adherent oxide coatings for light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. Though there are many previous studies, the understanding of processing conditions on coating performance remains elusive. Moreover, previous tests were done in simulated body fluid. No test has been done in a cell culture medium, which is much closer to human body environment than simulated body fluid. In this study, the effect of MAO processing time (1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes) on the electrochemical behaviors of the coating in both conventional simulated body fluid and a cell culture medium has been investigated. Additionally a new electrolyte (12 g/L Na2SiO3, 4 g/L NaF and 4 ml/L C3H8O3) has been used in the MAO coating process. Electrochemical behaviors were measured by performing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. In addition to the tests in simulated body fluid, the MAO-coated and uncoated samples were immersed in a cell culture medium to investigate the corrosion behaviors and compare the difference in these two kinds of media. The results show that in the immersion tests in conventional simulated body fluid, the 20-minute MAO coated sample has the best resistance to corrosion due to the largest coating thickness. In contrast, in the cell culture medium, all MAO coated samples demonstrate a similar high corrosion resistance behavior, independent of MAO processing time. This is probably due to the organic passive layers formed on the coating surfaces. Additionally, a preliminary finite element model has been developed to simulate the immersion test of magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid. Comparison between the predicted corrosion current density and experimental data is discussed.