Academic literature on the topic 'Body size Measurement Evaluation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Body size Measurement Evaluation"
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Pušnik, Igor, and Gregor Geršak. "Evaluation of the Size-of-Source Effect in Thermal Imaging Cameras." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020607.
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In numerous applications, including current body temperature monitoring in viral pandemic management, thermal imaging cameras are used for quantitative measurements. These require determination of the measurement accuracy (error) and its traceability (measurement uncertainty). Within error estimation, the size-of-source effect (SSE) is an important error source. The SSE is the relation between the physical size of a target and the instrument’s nominal target size. This study presents a direct evaluation of the error due to the SSE. A stable and uniform temperature, generated by blackbodies, was measured by a high-quality thermal imager. To limit the generated radiation, custom-made blocking tiles with different apertures were used. Effects of aperture shapes and positions, camera-target distances and temperature levels on the error were investigated. The study findings suggest that due to the SSE the measured temperatures are too low, especially at longer camera-target distances. The SSE error depends on the number of pixels available and included into the region of interest, for which the accurate measurement is about to be performed. For an accurate temperature measurement, an array of at least 10 × 10 pixels should be exposed to the observed target radiation, while 3 × 3 central pixel area should be included in the temperature calculation.
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Taya, Yoshiko. "An Evaluation Method of Clothing Fitness with Body." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 38 (July 2000): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403821.
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Fitness of clothing with body is an important factor to design comfortable and functional clothing. For an evaluation of clothing fitness, it is necessary to measure both shapes of human body and clothing accurately. In my research, a measurement of clothing fitness has been examined using a 3-D method, and a quantity of space between body and clothing has been discussed. An evaluation method of the most suitable size fitness with body was investigated by the waveform spacing between body and clothes. A new technique of symmetries dot patterns was developed to grasp a characteristic of space waveform of the clothing. Its representation involves the information of the deviation of the space, and it is very useful for evaluation of the size fitness of clothing. Furthermore, the wavelet transform was applied to extract a characteristic of clothing waveform for evaluation of size fitness of clothing with body.
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Viduetsky, Alexander, and Christi Lauve Herrejon. "Sonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Size: A Review of Important Measurement Parameters." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 35, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479318824290.
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An accurate evaluation of thyroid volume, in patients of all ages, is important for the correct diagnosis of a goiter and for sonographic monitoring of thyroid diseases. It is especially important in pediatrics because the linear measurements of a developing thyroid gland do not correlate well with age, sex, or body composition variables. Diverse methods are used to estimate thyroid size and volume. Sonographic volumetry and visual inspection and palpation are used to evaluate the thyroid. Although thyroid size can be easily assessed on physical examination, due to the superficial location of the gland, palpation has low sensitivity and specificity for the management and diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Therefore, thyroid volume measured sonographically is more accurate than thyroid size assessed with a physical examination. Imprecise calculation of thyroid size and volume may lead to false-positive or false-negative diagnoses of thyromegaly, which may result in unnecessary or delayed care.
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Fernandes, Arthur Francisco Araujo, Erika R. de Alvarenga, Tiago L. Passafaro, Fernando B. lopes, Gabriel F. O. Alves, Vikas Singh, and Eduardo M. Turra. "PSII-6 Deep Learning image segmentation for extraction of body measurements and prediction of body weight in Nile tilapia." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.480.
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Abstract Individual measurement of traits of interest is of great importance for breeding and management decisions in animal production systems. However, measurements are often taken manually, which is laborious and also stressful for the animals. Therefore, the development of fast, precise and indirect measurement methods is paramount. An appealing way for such a task is through computer vision systems (CVS). Hence, the objectives of the current work were: 1) Devise a CVS for autonomous measurement of Nile tilapia body area, length, height, and eccentricity; and 2) Evaluation of linear models for prediction of body weight (BW). The pixels of 822 RGB images of live fish were labeled into background, fish fins or body using the “MTurk” crowdsourcing service. This dataset was then split into training (60% of data) and testing sets for the development of Deep Learning Networks for image segmentation into the three pixel categories. The networks differed in input image size (10 to 40% of original size) and number of encoder/decoder layer stacks (1 to 5). An independent dataset with 831 images was used for validation of the linear predictive models. The results for intersection over union (IoU) show that a network with input of 20% of the original size and 4 encoder/decoder stacks achieved the best results, with IoU on the test dataset of 99, 90 and 64% for background, fish body and fin, respectively (Figure 1). Predicted segmentation from this network on randomly selected images is shown in Figure 2. From the linear models evaluated, the one considering only area as input showed predicted R2 of 0.92 for fish BW (Table 1). In conclusion, the devised CVS was able to correctly separate fish body from background and fins, and a linear model using fish body area as input provided good predictive quality of Nile tilapia BW.
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Lin, Yih-Lon, Adam Huang, Chung-Yi Yang, and Wen-Yu Chang. "Measurement of Body Surface Area for Psoriasis Using U-net Models." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (February 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7960151.
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During the evaluation of body surface area (BSA), precise measurement of psoriasis is crucial for assessing disease severity and modulating treatment strategies. Physicians usually evaluate patients subjectively through direct visual evaluation. However, judgment based on the naked eye is not reliable. This study is aimed at evaluating the use of machine learning methods, specifically U-net models, and developing an artificial neural network prediction model for automated psoriasis lesion segmentation and BSA measurement. The segmentation of psoriasis lesions using deep learning is adopted to measure the BSA of psoriasis so that the severity can be evaluated automatically in patients. An automated psoriasis lesion segmentation method based on the U-net architecture was used with a focus on high-resolution images and estimation of the BSA. The proposed method trained the model with the same patch size of 512 × 512 and predicted testing images with different patch sizes. We collected 255 high-resolution psoriasis images representing large anatomical sites, such as the trunk and extremities. The average residual of the ground truth image and the predicted image was approximately 0.033. The interclass correlation coefficient between the U-net and dermatologist’s segmentations measured in the ratio of affected psoriasis over the body area in the test dataset was 0.966 (95% CI: 0.981–0.937), indicating strong agreement. Herein, the proposed U-net model achieved dermatologist-level performance in estimating the involved BSA for psoriasis.
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Hederström, E. "Renal Size Parameter." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 26, no. 6 (November 1985): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518502600609.
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A method for measuring the L1–L3 and L1–L4 distance by sonography is presented, and the results are compared with measurements from radiography. For 35 children aged 2 months to 13 years (mean 5.2 years) sonographic measurements displayed a mean percentage variation of 2.4 to 3.2 per cent from radiographic values. The coefficient of correlation was about 0.98. As sonography is suitable for kidney length estimation, the additional information obtained by the method presented makes it possible to perform the same kidney size evaluation by means of the same length/vertebral body-related diagrams already used in radiographic kidney size evaluation.
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KENNEY, RICHARD D., JAMES D. FORTENBERRY, S. SUZETTE SURRATT, BETH M. RIBBECK, and WILLIAM J. THOMAS. "Evaluation of an Infrared Tympanic Membrane Thermometer in Pediatric Patients." Pediatrics 85, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.5.854.
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Body temperature measurement provides important information for evaluation of pediatric patients. Because of the role that central nervous system thermoreceptors play in temperature homeostasis, accurate measurement at core body sites has long been sought.1 Rectal temperature, often considered the "gold standard" for clinical use, does not correlate well with deep measurements.2,3 Pulmonary artery catheters and deep rectal probes measure core temperature accurately4 but are not practical for clinical use. The tympanic membrane shares the same vascular supply that perfuses the hypothalamus and is an excellent, readily accessible site for core temperature measurement.1 Although indwelling contact-type tympanic membrane temperature probes provide accurate data, patient discomfort and complications such as perforation have restricted their use.4,5
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Khairani, Aina Putri, Hannan Hannan, and Laura Amalia. "Pengembangan Alat Ukur Skala Citra Tubuh." Proyeksi 14, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.14.2.195-205.
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This study aims to test the validity and develop body image scale measurement tools. The development of this measuring instrument is based on Cash's theory (2012) which consists of 5 aspects namely appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, satisfaction with body parts, anxiety of being fat and categorizing body size. Respondents in this study numbered 196 vocational students in the District of West Semarang with cluster random sampling technique. From the EFA obtained KMO value of 0.762 and experienced changes in aspects into 2 aspects namely appearance evaluation and satisfaction with appearance.
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Brubacher, Kristina. "Comparison and Evaluation of Sizing Systems Used in Commercial Women’s Compression Sportswear." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049140.
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Currently, there is no published research evaluating sizing methodologies for commercial sports compression garments (SCGs), so this study addresses the research gap by analysing sizing systems used for women-specific SCGs. Firstly, fit trials with whole-body SCGs were conducted with 33 active females. Secondly, the upper and lower body size charts of 12 SCG brands were analysed. Thirdly, the fitness of the size charts for the sample was assessed. Findings of the fit trials indicated that the fit of the SCGs varied from the intended fit in most participants at certain body locations, which is problematic for consistent pressure delivery. New sizing approaches are needed for SCGs, as fit requirements differ from conventional clothing, and current approaches appear to be inappropriate. The inclusion of a limb circumference measurement as a key dimension could be beneficial due to the interrelation of fabric tension and limb girth in pressure delivery (Laplace’s Law).
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Särestöniemi, Mariella, Marko Sonkki, Sami Myllymäki, and Carlos Pomalaza-Raez. "Wearable Flexible Antenna for UWB On-Body and Implant Communications." Telecom 2, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom2030019.
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This paper describes the development and evaluation of an on-body flexible antenna designed for an in-body application, as well as on-body communications at ISM and UWB frequency bands. The evaluation is performed via electromagnetic simulations using the Dassault Simulia CST Studio Suite. A planar tissue layer model, as well as a human voxel model from the human abdominal area, are used to study the antenna characteristics next to human tissues. Power flow analysis is presented to understand the power flow on the body surface as well as within the tissues. Simulation results show that this wearable flexible antenna is suitable for in-body communications in the intestinal area, e.g., for capsule endoscopy, in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and at lower ultra-wideband (UWB). At higher frequencies, the antenna is suitable for on-body communications as well as in-body communications with lower propagation depth requirements. Additionally, an antenna prototype has been prepared and the antenna performance is verified with several on-body measurements. The measurement results show a good match with the simulation results. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a compact size and the flexible substrate material, which makes it feasible and practical for several different medical diagnosis and monitoring applications.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Body size Measurement Evaluation"
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Manuel, Melissa Barnes Ulrich Pamela V. Connell Lenda Jo. "Using 3D body scan measurement data and body shape assessment to build anthropometric profiles of tween girls." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1585.
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Klink, Tammy. "Evaluation of nurses' perceptions of patients' weight status in relation to their own Body Mass Index (BMI)." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005klinkt.pdf.
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Sund-Levander, Märtha. "Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : Implications for clinical practice." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk fysiologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5200.
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The general aim was to explore factors influencing the normal variation and measurement of body temperature. Additional aims were to study morbidity, mortality and the clinical presentation of pneumonia and predictors for survival in elderly nursing-home residents. Two hundred and thirty seven non-febrile nursing home residents (aged 66-99 years) and 87 healthy adults (aged 19-59 years) were included. In elderly individuals, the morning ear and rectal body temperature was measured at baseline and pneumonia and survival was observed at one- two and three-year. In healthy adults the rectal, ear, oral and axillary temperature were measured simultaneously on one morning and repeated measurements were performed in three subjects. Overall, the range of normal body temperature was wider then traditionally stated. In elderly nursinghome residents, functional and cognitive impairment and BMI < 20 were related to a lower body temperature and medication with analgesics to a higher. Compared to adults < 60 years elderly persons had a higher average ear and a lower rectal temperature. Men and postmenopausal women < 60 years had lower body temperature than premenopausal women. The repeated measurements showed a wide individual variability irrespective of the site of measurement, and that replicated measurements do not improve accuracy. When comparing the rectal temperature with oral, ear and axillary readings the average difference was > 0.5°C with a wide individual variation. The yearly incidence of nursing-home acquired pneumonia varied between 6.9% and 13.7%. Functional impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and male sex were related to a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia and presenting non-specific symptoms were common. Age and functional impairment predicted mortality, irrespective of gender, while cerebral vascular insult, a lower body mass index and malnutrition in women and heart disease, COPD, medication with sedatives and mortality rate index in men were gender specific predictors. Surviving women had a higher baseline body temperature than non-surviving, while no such difference was found in men. When assessing body temperature, it is important to consider the site of measurement, technical design, operator technique, age and gender and, in elderly nursing-home residents, physical and cognitive impairment, body constitution and medication with analgesics. The best approach is to use an unadjusted mode, without adjusting to another site. To prevent a delayed diagnosis of pneumonia, one should be aware of a low baseline body temperature and lack of specific clinical symptoms in elderly nursing-home residents. Preserving and/or improving functional, cognitive, nutritional status and preventing agitation and confusion would improve survival in nursing-home residents.
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Sund-Levander, Märtha. "Measurement and evaluation of body temperature : implications for clinical practice /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5200.
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Otieno, Rose Bujehela. "New clothing size charts for 3 to 6 years old female nursery schoolchildren in the Nairobi province of Kenya : implications for marketing strategy." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284750.
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Weyers, Anna M. "Comparison of body composition using the Bod Pod and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after weight loss." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164840.
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No research has been performed comparing percent body fat measurements using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and air plethysmography after weight loss. The purpose of this investigation was to compare body composition assessments using the Bod Pod® Body Composition System (BP) and the DEXA ProdigyTM before and after an 8-week weight loss diet and exercise program. Based on prior comparison studies, it was hypothesized that percent fat values would be significantly lower using the BP compared to the DEXA before and after weight loss. Also since both methods have been shown to be reliable, it was hypothesized that the BP and DEXA would detect similar changes in percent fat in response to a weight-loss intervention. Twelve women (42 ± 8 yrs) and ten men (40 + 11 yrs) had their percent body fat estimated using the BP and whole body DEXA ProdigyTM scanner. A similar significant (P < 0.05) decrease in percent body fat was observed using the BP and DEXA ProdigyTM (-2.2% and -1.8%, respectively) after weight loss. Percent body fat using the BP was significantly lower than the DEXA ProdigyTM before (36 ± 10.7% and 38.1 ± 9.4%, respectively) and after (33.8 ± 10.8% and 36.3 + 10.6%, respectively) the weight loss program. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients between the DEXA ProdigyTM and the BP were noted pre (r = 0.975) and post (r = 0.968) weight loss. These data indicate the BP provides significantly lower absolute %fat values within a range of body fat levels (20-56%) when compared to the DEXA. However, the BP and DEXA detect similar changes in %fat, fatfree mass, and fat mass from weight loss in men and women. Also, the BP consistently overestimated fat-free mass and underestimated %fat and fat mass compared to values obtained from DEXA.School of Physical Education
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Bettendorf, Sonya Kyrsten. "RESISTANCE TO CULTURAL SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION: MEASUREMENT DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/558.
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U.S. sociocultural expectations regarding women's bodies have been linked with women's psychological distress. In an effort to reveal the transformative ways in which women may be subverting systems of oppression, the current study surrounds development and validation of a quantitative measurement tool centered on resistance to sociocultural beauty ideals and physical standards of appearance. Theoretical reviews, focus group interviews (n =33), and expert feedback formed the basis for item development and modification. An initial pilot sample (n = 169) offered data for initial examination of reliability, while a subsequent validation sample (n = 342) provided data for investigation of factor structure as well as evaluation of reliability and validity performance. A final 63-item Resistance to Sociocultural Appearance Standards (RSAS) Scale was developed. Exploratory factor analytic findings suggested a 3-factor solution represented the data well. Good reliability and mixed evidence for validity of the overall scale and individual subscales derived from the factor analysis were demonstrated. Strengths and limitations as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Martin, Jennifer Leila. "Military load carriage : an innovative method of interface pressure measurement and evaluation of novel load carriage designs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34144.
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This thesis is concerned with the measurement and effects of pressure on the body as a result of military load carriage. High skin pressures are associated with impaired blood flow, brachial plexus disorders and user pain and discomfort. Load carriage research has largely overlooked this issue, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate methodology. The thesis consists of two parts. The aim of part I was to develop and validate a novel method of measuring on-body interface pressures underneath military load carriage equipment. The Tekscan system was used, which provides 954 individual sensing elements over a total sensing area of 238.5cm2. A number of small experiments were undertaken to establish appropriate calibration and measurement error. A five-point rating scale was developed, and included within the experimental procedure; to measure user discomfort at the shoulder area where was 'no discomfort' and 5 was 'unbearably uncomfortable'. Following a pilot study the method was shown to produce reliable data that was sensitive to differences in design of load carriage systems within a comparative experimental design.
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Elm, Andreas. "Evaluation of Body Position Measurement and Analysis using Kinect : at the example of golf swings." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18129.
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Modern motion capturing technologies are capable of collecting quantitative, biomechanical data on golf swings that can help to improve our understanding of golf theory and facilitate the establishing of new, optimized swing paradigms.This study explored the possibility of utilizing Microsoft’s Kinect sensor to analyse the biomechanics of golf swings. Following design-science research principles, it presents a software prototype capable of capturing, recording, analysing and comparing movement patterns using three-dimensional vector angles. The tracking accuracy and data validity of the software were then evaluated in a set of experiments in optimal and real-world conditions using actual golf swing recordings.The results indicate that the software is providing accurate data on joint vector angles with a clear profile view, while visually occluded and frontal angles are more difficult to determine precisely. The employed position detection algorithm demonstrated good results in both optimal and real-world environments. Overall, the presented software and its approach to position analysis and detection show great potential for use in further research efforts.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Ifflaender, Sascha, Mario Rüdiger, Arite Koch, and Wolfram Burkhardt. "Three-Dimensional Digital Capture of Head Size in Neonates – A Method Evaluation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127121.
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Introduction: The quality of neonatal care is mainly determined by long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. The neurodevelopment of preterm infants is related to postnatal head growth and depends on medical interventions such as nutritional support. Head circumference (HC) is currently used as a two-dimensional measure of head growth. Since head deformities are frequently found in preterm infants, HC may not always adequately reflect head growth. Laser aided head shape digitizers offer semiautomatic acquisition of HC and cranial volume (CrV) and could thus be useful in describing head size more precisely.
Aims: 1) To evaluate reproducibility of a 3D digital capture system in newborns. 2) To compare manual and digital HC measurements in a neonatal cohort. 3) To determine correlation of HC and CrV and predictive value of HC.
Methods: Within a twelve-month period data of head scans with a laser shape digitizer were analysed. Repeated measures were used for method evaluation. Manually and digitally acquired HC was compared. Regression analysis of HC and CrV was performed.
Results: Interobserver reliability was excellent for HC (bias-0.005%, 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) −0.39–0.39%) and CrV (bias1.5%, 95%LoA-0.8–3.6%). Method comparison data was acquired from 282 infants. It revealed interchangeability of the methods (bias-0.45%; 95%LoA-4.55–3.65%) and no significant systematic or proportional differences. HC and CrV correlated (r2 = 0.859, p<0.001), performance of HC predicting CrV was poor (RSD ±24 ml). Correlation was worse in infants with lower postmenstrual age (r2 = 0.745) compared to older infants (r2 = 0.843).
Discussion: The current practice of measuring HC for describing head growth in preterm infants could be misleading since it does not represent a 3D approach. CrV can vary substantially in infants of equal HC. The 3D laser scanner represents a new and promising method to provide reproducible data of CrV and HC. Since it does not provide data on cerebral structures, additional imaging is required.
Books on the topic "Body size Measurement Evaluation"
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Lau, Boulderson B. An evaluation of oocyte size in multiple regressions predicting gonad weight from body weight: A test using hawaiian ehu, Etelis carbunculus. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1994.
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Parker, Victoria. How long is long?: Comparing animals. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2011.
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Alan, Rubin. How big is a cat? Austin, Tex: Steck-Vaughn, 2004.
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Orwin, Claire Nicola. An evaluation of the performance of an optical measurement system for the three-dimensional capture of the shape and dimensions of the human body. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2000.
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Reich, Naomi. ISR project for the development of body measurement tables for women 55 years and older and the relationship to ready-to-wear garment size. Philadelphia: ASTM Institute for Standards Research, 1993.
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Bloom Log BLOOM LOG DESIGN CO. Body Measurement Tracker: Body Measurement Tracker Log Book, Body Measurement Tracker Chart, for Weight Loss to Keep Record Weight Body Shape and Body Size. Independently Published, 2021.
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Samaka Press Samaka Press Paper. Body Measurement Tracker: Body Measurement Tracker Log Book, Body Measurement Tracker Chart, for Weight Loss to Keep Record Weight Body Shape and Body Size. Independently Published, 2021.
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Pretty Craft PRETTY CRAFT DESIGN CO. Body Measurement Tracker: Body Measurement Tracker Log Book, Body Measurement Tracker Chart, for Weight Loss to Keep Record Weight Body Shape and Body Size. Independently Published, 2021.
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Bodyyy, Fitnesss. Body Measurement Tracker: 8. 5 X11 Large Size, Pink Notebook Weight Tracker, Journal, Log, Body Size and Body Shape. Independently Published, 2021.
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Newton, Deborah. Good measure: Knit a perfect fit every time. 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Body size Measurement Evaluation"
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Tothill, Peter. "Evaluation of Methods of Bone Mass Measurement." In In Vivo Body Composition Studies, 107–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_16.
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Tan, Xiaohui, Zhengyuan Lv, Kang Wang, and Xiaosong Yang. "Dynamic Human Body Size Measurement Based on Feature Points Prediction and Mapping." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 92–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63426-1_10.
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Sadeghi, S. H. H., and B. Toosi. "Induction Coil Shape and Size Considerations in Magnetic Field Measurement with Spatially Fast Varying Distribution." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 2203–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0383-1_289.
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Chinn, D. J., P. R. Souza, and H. F. Robey. "An Acoustic Technique for the Noninvasive in-Situ Measurement of Crystal Size and Solution Concentration." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 2201–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4791-4_282.
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Choi, M. K., S. Jeong, H. Huh, C. G. Kim, and K. S. Chae. "Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation for High Speed Tensile Properties of Auto-body Steel Sheets." In Challenges In Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 2, 109–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00852-3_12.
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Tatsuno, Junya, Koki Suyama, Hitomi Nakamura, and Setsuo Maeda. "Detection and Classification of Unconscious Movements with Body Pressure Distribution Measurement for Ride Comfort Evaluation in Vehicle Seat." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 276–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50943-9_35.
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D’Onofrio, Grazia, Annamaria Petito, Antonella Calvio, Giusi Antonia Toto, and Pierpaolo Limone. "Robot Assistive Therapy Strategies for Children with Autism." In Psychology, Learning, Technology, 103–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15845-2_7.
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AbstractBackground: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a category of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. Social robots offer clinicians new ways to interact and work with people with ASD. Robot-Assisted Training (RAT) is a growing body of research in HRI, which studies how robots can assist and enhance human skills during a task-centred interaction. RAT systems have a wide range of application for children with ASD.Aims: In a pilot RCT with an experimental group and a control group, research aims will be: to assess group differences in repetitive and maladaptive behaviours (RMBs), affective states and performance tasks across sessions and within each group; to assess the perception of family relationships between two groups before and post robot interaction; to develop a robotic app capable to run Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), a test typically used to measure general human intelligence and to compare the accuracy of the robot to capture the data with that run by psychologists.Material and Methods: Patients with mild or moderate level of ASD will be enrolled in the study which will last 3 years. The sample size is: 60 patients (30 patients will be located in the experimental group and 30 patients will be located in the control group) indicated by an evaluation of the estimated enrolment time. Inclusion criteria will be the following: eligibility of children confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule −2; age ≥ 7 years; clinician judgment during a clinical psychology evaluation; written parental consent approved by the local ethical committee. The study will be conducted over 10 weeks for each participant, with the pretest and post test conducted during the first and last weeks of the study. The training will be provided over the intermediate eight weeks, with one session provided each week, for a total of 8 sessions. Baseline and follow-up evaluation include: socioeconomic status of families will be assessed using the Hollingshead scale; Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) will be used to screen the communication skills and social functioning in children with ASD; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, 2nd edition (VABS) will be used to assess the capabilities of children in dealing with everyday life; severity and variety of children’s ripetitive behaviours will be also assessed using Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R). Moreover, the perception of family relationships assessment will be run by Portfolio for the validation of parental acceptance and refusal (PARENTS).Expected Results: 1) improbe communication skills; 2) reduced repetitive and maladaptive behaviors; 3) more positive perception of family relationships; 4) improved performance.Conclusions: Robot-Assisted Training aims to train and enhance user (physical or cognitive) skills, through the interaction, and not assist users to complete a task thus a target is to enhance user performance by providing personalized and targeted assistance towards maximizing training and learning effects. Robotics systems can be used to manage therapy sessions, gather and analyse data and like interactions with the patient and generate useful information in the form of reports and graphs, thus are a powerful tool for the therapist to check patient’s progress and facilitate diagnosis.
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Bishop, Phillip A. "Measuring Body Composition and Range of Motion, and Administering Tests." In Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Activity Applications, 184–92. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351199711-20.
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Zhou, X., and S. Hu. "Experimental measurement of body size and practice of teaching and research." In Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series, 493–99. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12322-59.
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Comeau, Wilfrid. "Explosive energy partitioning and fragment size measurement — Importance of the correct evaluation of fines in blasted rock." In Measurement of Blast Fragmentation, 237–40. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203747919-33.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Body size Measurement Evaluation"
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Fujita, Shohei, and Atsushi Sakuma. "Evaluation Method of Surface-Rigidity Distribution in Elastic Body by Surface-Probing." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11816.
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Abstract Elasticity distributions in structure is one of the typical physical quantities that it is desired to measure nondestructively. Indentation testing is a useful method for the nondestructive measurement methods; however, devices are necessary to evaluate the distribution of elasticity. In this report, a technique to evaluate the elastic distribution in solid is introduced by the information obtained from a simple indentation device. The evaluation is based on Hertzian contact theory that is applied to calculate elasticity from force measured by this indentation device. However, the non-uniform nature of elasticity distribution makes it difficult to apply Hertzian theory. As a solution to this difficulty, a correcting method of elasticity is discussed by analyzing the variation of force information obtained from the device. This correction depends on the method for determining the correction factor decided by the area of elastic range distributed in the solid; this decision is numerically defined by finite element method (FEM). The usefulness of this correction method is confirmed by evaluating the hardness distribution of wood grain. Trees are a representative material with hardness distribution, whose mechanical characteristics depend deeply on wood grain. Therefore, evaluating the ability of elasticity distribution in wood grain has been checked by the correction method discussed in this report. Then, for the problem related to evaluation based on basic Hertzian theory, the expected result can be obtained using wood grain size coefficient and the specification of the probe. However, it is also necessary to examine to the choice of device specifications such as probe dimensions because the elasticity of wood is relatively high and any measured information will have high sensitivity in elastic analyses. Those recommendtion are discussed by showing the devices developed for this evaluation in this report.
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Uffrecht, Wieland, and Erwin Kaiser. "Influence of Force Field Direction on Pressure Sensors Calibrated at up to 12000g." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50355.
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The measurement of pressure within both stationary and rotating frames of reference are a fundamental requirement when studying the flow field through turbomachinery blading. Measurement of pressure within the rotating frame presents a particular challenge, as centrifugal acceleration of the sensor can have a significant impact on sensor calibration, and therefore accuracy of the resulting measurements. In this paper the telemetric calibration of pressure sensors at up to 12,000g is described, and the impact on calibration of membrane size, sensor body shape and sensor mounting direction discussed. The program of work reported in this paper focuses on experimental issues associated with rotating pressure measurement. The combined effect of centrifugal load and pressure on integrally temperature compensated silicon pressure sensors is presented. Experimental results are given that provide insight into the influence of acceleration on pressure readings. Implementation of acceleration into sensor calibration is presented. Supplementary finite-element calculations enable impact of sensor body shape to be taken into account during the evaluation of sensor acceleration-to-pressure sensitivity ratio. Different sensors with varied membrane sizes and acceleration force directions are examined and compared.
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Pun Chan, Ah, Wai Ching Chu, Kwan Yu Lo, and Kai Yuen Cheong. "Improving the Apparel Virtual Size Fitting Prediction under Psychographic Characteristics and 3D Body Measurements Using Artificial Neural Network." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001543.
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Background3D virtual simulation prototyping software combined with computer-aided manufacturing systems are widely used and are becoming essential in the fashion industry in the earlier stages of the product development process for apparel design. These technologies streamline the garment product fitting procedures, as well as improve the supply chain environmentally, socially, and economically by eliminating large volumes of redundant samples. Buyers can easily evaluate virtual samples that are showcased with full rotation views and visual draping effects without relying on physical prototypes before confirming orders. The approved designs can be transferred to the production line immediately, which shortens the communication, development, and production lead time between suppliers and buyers. Issues of non-standardized selection on garment sizing, ease allowance, and size of 3D avatar for creating 3D garments have been addressed by many researchers. Understanding the relationship between body dimensions, ease allowance, and apparel sizes before adopting virtual garment simulation is fundamental for satisfying high customer demands in the apparel industry. However, designers find difficulties providing the appropriate garment fit for customers without fully understanding the motivation and emotions of customers’ fitting preferences in a virtual world.A statement of objective The main purpose of this study is to investigate apparel sizes for virtual fitting, particularly looking at garment ease with consideration to body dimensions and the psychographic characteristics of subjects.SignificanceThe quantitative relationship between the pattern measurements, psychological characteristics, and 3D body measurements contributes to improving virtual fit predictions for implementing mass customization in the apparel industry. This new approach and the proposed method of virtual garment fitting model prediction on garment sizes using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is significant in prediction accuracy. The results of this project provide sustainable value in providing an ideal communication tool between manufacturers, retailers, and consumers by offering “perfect fit” products to customers. The project will also achieve the concept of mass customization and customer orientation, and generate new size fitting data that could bring a new level of end-user satisfaction.MethodsThe study proposes to develop a virtual garment fitting prediction model using an ANN for improving virtual garment design in terms of its fitting and sizing. The project investigated apparel sizes for virtual fitting with consideration of body dimensions and psychographic characteristics of subjects on garment ease for improving the size prediction of 3D garments. We recruited 50 subjects between the ages 18-35 years old to conduct 3D body scans and a questionnaire survey for physical and psychological segmentation, as well as fitting preferences evaluation through co-design operations on virtual garment simulation using a commercial software called Optitex. Discussion of resultsThe ease preferences from subjects were significantly different from the preset values on the software. The results from the study demonstrate that ANN is effective in modeling the non-linear relationship between pattern measurements, psychological characteristics, and body measurements. The pattern parameters predicted by the ANN model were accurate. The squared correlation coefficient (R2) increased from 0.96 to 0.99 after considering different segmentations of psychographic characteristics. The ANN prediction model is proven to be an effective method for garment pattern drafting, which can achieve an individual fit and is useful for implementing the virtual fitting model.
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Liu, Pengfei, Ayhan Akinturk, Moqin He, Mohammed Fakhrul Islam, and Brian Veitch. "Hydrodynamic Performance Evaluation of an Ice Class Podded Propeller Under Ice Interaction." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29508.
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Fluid-structure interaction between an ice sheet on the water surface and a podded R-Class propeller was examined and analyzed in terms of numerical simulation using a newly enhanced unsteady time-domain, multiple body panel method model. The numerical model was validated and verified and also checked against various previous in-house experimental measurements. The simulation was performed in a real unsteady case, that is, the ice piece stands still and the podded propeller moves and approaches the ice piece until collision occurs. Experimental data were taken from a previous cavitation tunnel test program for a bare R-Class ice breaker propeller under open water conditions, for the R-Class propeller approaching a blade-leading-edge contoured large size ice block under the proximity condition, and from an ice tank test program for a tractor type podded/strutted R-Class propeller under open water conditions. Comparison between experimental and numerical results was made. A general agreement was obtained. The magnitude of force fluctuations during the interaction increased significantly at the instant immediately before the impact between the propeller blades and the ice piece.
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Liu, Pengfei, Ayhan Akinturk, Moqin He, Mohammed Fakhrul Islam, and Brian Veitch. "Hydrodynamic Performance Evaluation of an Ice Class Podded Propeller Under Ice Interaction." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57013.
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Fluid-structure interaction between an ice sheet on the water surface and a podded R-Class propeller was examined and analyzed in terms of numerical simulation using a newly enhanced unsteady time-domain, multiple body panel method model. The numerical model was validated and verified and also checked against various previous in-house experimental measurements. The simulation was performed in a real unsteady case, that is, the ice piece stands still and the podded propeller moves and approaches the ice piece until collision occurs. Experimental data were taken from a previous cavitation tunnel test program for a bare R-Class ice breaker propeller under open water conditions, for the R-Class propeller approaching a blade-leading-edge contoured large size ice block under the proximity condition, and from an ice tank test program for a tractor type podded/strutted R-Class propeller under open water conditions. Comparison between experimental and numerical results was made. A general agreement was obtained. The magnitude of force fluctuations during the interaction increased significantly at the instant immediately before the impact between the propeller blades and the ice piece.
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Castellucci a, Ignacio, Pedro Arezes b, and Johan Molenbroek c. "Applied Anthropometrics in School Furniture Design: Which Criteria Should be Used for Standardization?" In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100791.
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Students most likely have one of the most sedentary occupations, one where permanent habits of sitting are formed. However, there is much more concern regarding office furniture. The mismatch between students and school furniture is likely to result in a number of negative effects, such as uncomfortable body posture, pain, and ultimately, it may also affect the learning process. This situation has provoked an increased concern about school classrooms, particularly regarding the study and design of school furniture. An important milestone is setting standards for school furniture, where a series of furniture sizes are defined with the aim of accommodating students with different anthropometric dimensions. Despite that, and with the exception of Europe, where the development of school furniture standards has been most actively pursued, there is a lack of standardization for the design of classroom furniture for educational settings in many countries. The aim of this study is to describe the process of designing school furniture by considering the students’ anthropometric data. The adopted methodology was to perform a literature review regarding different issues, such as setting standard, the design of school furniture, and equations for defining the mismatch between students and school furniture. There are some activities that need to be done before starting to gather the anthropometric measurements. These activities include, for example, identifying the target population, defining the sample size, determining the anthropometric measures, preparing the evaluation team(s), and obtaining the approval from the ethics committee. During the anthropometric measurements it is important to follow a standard procedure, where the measures are collected from the right side of the subjects while they are sitting in a standard position, without shoes and using light clothes. After collecting the measurements, it is important to check the data by using: observation of mean, minimum and maximum values, as well as the calculation of the different measures (for example: Buttock knee length - Buttock popliteal length), and observation of scatter plot graphics of stature with the other variables. To determine the dimensions and characteristics of different types of school furniture, seat height should be the starting point and the designs need to be based on a bottom-top approach. This dimension will split the sample in, at least, five different sizes of school furniture to accommodate students from 6 to 18 years of age. Some characteristics of the furniture have to also be considered, since the presence of a drawer will influence two important dimensions – the desk height and the seat to desk clearance. Finally, special attention should be given to the needed anthropometric measurement for furniture size selection. This is usually done by using Stature; however, some authors suggest that furniture selection can be done more efficiently if popliteal height is used instead.
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Kang, Jeongseek, Ethan Perez, Alex Vorobiev, Scott Morris, Joshua Cameron, Daehyun Kim, Hongsik Im, and Matthew Montgomery. "Experimental Study on Flutter Stability of Transonic Cooled Turbine Blade Stage With 3-Dimensional Mode Shape Excitation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15723.
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Abstract It is well known that mode shape plays very important role in stability of turbine blade since the aerodynamic work per cycle and aerodynamic damping depend on mode shape. With the advancements of theoretical formulation with influence coefficient method, experimental studies with rigid body blade motion have significantly improved understanding of turbine flutter mechanisms and design parameters. However rigid body motion cannot accurately match the complex mode shapes of modern turbine blade, so there are limitations of accuracy on experimental evaluation of flutter stability with rigid body blade motion. This study utilized 3-dimensional mode shapes for evaluating aerodynamic work per cycle and stability of turbine blade through experimental method. A transonic annulus turbine cascade rig was built at Notre Dame Turbomachinery Laboratory. Three center blades with modern cooled 3-dimensional aero design were instrumented with 144 EA of ultraminiature fast-response pressure transducers on the blade surface at 50%, 75%, and 95% of blade spans. Center blade and adjacent blades were designed to have the same blade mode shape as a reference turbine blade and the center blade was actuated with an electromagnetic shaker at natural frequencies of 1st bending and 1st torsional modes to simulate the same level of reduced frequencies under engine operating condition. Mode shape scanning of test blade through laser doppler vibrometer confirmed the design intent of blade bending and torsional mode shapes and their frequencies. All the dynamic pressure measurements on the three center blades were synchronized with blade position measurement and influence coefficient method was applied to calculate aerodynamic work per cycle and damping parameter. It was found that pressure side generally stabilizes the blade and that there was strong stable zone from leading edge to about 20% in arcwise coordinate torward suction side. After this zone, a destabilizing zone follows and this can be strong enough to destabilize the blade in some range of nodal diameter.
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Deo, Dhanannjay, and Dibakar Sen. "Mesh Processing for Computerized Anthropometry." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85528.
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Understanding of the shape and size of different features of human body from the scanned data is necessary for automated design and evaluation of product ergonomics. In this paper, a computational framework is presented for automatic detection and recognition of several facial feature-regions from scanned head and shoulder polyhedral models. A noise tolerant methodology is proposed using discrete curvature computations and morphological tools for isolation of the primary feature regions of face namely eye, nose and mouth. Spatial disposition of the critical points of these isolated feature-regions is analyzed for recognition of these critical points as the standard landarks associated with the primary facial features. A number of clinically identified landmarks lie on the facial midline. An efficient algorithm for detection and processing of the midline using a point samplng technique is also presented. The results are matching well with human perception and measurements done manually on the subjects.
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Zhu, Linda, Nathaniel S. Miller, Charlotte Tang, Sriram Pendyala, Quinn Hanses, and Lacie Gladding. "Reliability Check of an Assessment System for Parkinson’s Disease Tremor Monitoring With Portable Devices." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71144.
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Abstract Tremor, or an involuntary and oscillatory movement of a body part, is a cardinal symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that can significantly impact activities of daily living in people with PD (PwPD). Although tremor can be mitigated with anti-PD medications, medication effectiveness is mixed for PwPD. Therefore, daily monitoring and assessment of tremor are of interest to PwPD, clinicians, and researchers. While several sensors and wearable devices have been developed and introduced to the consumer market, high costs limit their accessibility. The current research is two-fold. First, an assessment system based on multiple algorithms is developed for evaluating the reliability of measurements of PD symptoms: hand tremor and finger/hand movement speed. Second, an Android mobile application was designed and developed to capture finger-tapping frequencies and measurements of several PD symptoms like hand tremor. A healthy young adult participant produced a self-generated tremor for this study. The participant held the portable device and conducted self-measurements by following in-app instructions. Resting tremor was measured while the participant rested his upper extremity on the arm of a chair, postural tremor was measured while he maintained a position against gravity, and kinetic tremor was measured during a movement task. Data collection took approximately fifteen minutes. The linear and rotational motions, respectively, were collected by accelerometers and gyroscopes embedded within the mobile device. The results were captured and delivered to a cloud database. An assessment system with multiple algorithms provided a final evaluation of the participant’s tremor. The process included three parts. First, calculation of root-mean-square (RMS) values at all linear and rotational directions was conducted to provide tremor strength. Second, fast Fourier transform (FFT) extracted the peak frequency at each direction. The powers of peaks were compared and the highest peak was defined as the dominant frequency and that frequency’s corresponding direction of motion. Third, hand and motion correlation analysis was used to find any coherence of tremor on 3-D motions. To test the reliability of motion measurement, the same motion input was applied to multiple devices simultaneously. The outputs of different types of mobile devices were evaluated, while considering various factors and models of mobile devices in the market (i.e., device size, weight, operating system, sampling frequency, and accuracy during the measurement). Multiple trials were conducted to test the reliability of the assessment system and the performance of the mobile app. Additionally, the mobile application supports finger tapping tests that measure hand movement speed, which is commonly impaired in PwPD. Both tremor and movement speed measurements can be used to evaluate disease progression over time and could support focused medication adjustments based on symptom data.
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Uchikune, M. "Measurement and evaluation of whole-body vibrations." In Environmental Health Risk 2003. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr030151.
Full textReports on the topic "Body size Measurement Evaluation"
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Harmon, Jennifer, and Nancy Ann Rudd. Body Size Anxiety: Appearance Management Behaviors, Social Physique Anxiety, Appearance Evaluation, and Appearance Orientation in Larger Size Women. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-804.
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Williams, Teshanee, Jamie McCall, Natalie Prochaska, and Tamra Thetford. How Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are shaped by Funders through Data Collection, Impact Measurement, and Evaluation. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/cdfi.evaluation.pressures.
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Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are grassroots organizations that provide equitable access to financial capital. While a robust body of evidence supports the ability of CDFIs to promote holistic and sustainable development, attempts to systematically evaluate the industry have yielded disparate and often confounding results. We apply an institutional theory lens to examine challenges to meaningful data collection, impact measurement, and program evaluation. Our data show how regulators, major funders, and third-party rating organizations have applied indirect and direct pressures that have systematically lowered the capacity of nonprofit CDFI loan funds. This combination of coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphic forces has (1) hampered meaningful data collection, (2) created a lack of staff expertise in these areas, (3) raised the cost and complexity of utilizing technology systems to improve evaluation processes, and (4) fostered industry norms which de-prioritize meaningful evaluation. The data suggest several ways for stakeholders to improve these trends. For example, funders might consider providing support which builds organizational capacity via unrestricted operating grants and recurring financial commitments.
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Li, Jiaqi, PWH Kwong, MYL Chan, and M. Kawabata. Comparison of in vivo intradiscal pressure between sitting and standing in human lumbar spine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0043.
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Review question / Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review is to compare the differences in vivo IDP between sitting and standing postures. The secondary objective of this review is to compare effect size estimates between 1) dated and more recent studies and 2) healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs. Condition being studied: Healthy adults, patients with low back pain. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included in the review if they 1) involved in vivo IDP measurement in both sitting and standing postures, 2) involved measurements with intervertebral body replacement and 3) included spinal loading data of healthy adults. Studies were excluded if they 1) investigated in vitro measurement of IDP, 2) did not report the central tendency and/or variability of the outcome of interest and 3) were letters to the editor, case studies, case series or review articles. For the relevant papers that did not provide sufficient data, we contacted the corresponding author to acquire the data.
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Suh, Jooyeoun, Changa Dorji, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, and Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa. Valuing Unpaid Care Work in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200065-2.
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A growing body of scholarly literature has attempted to measure and value unpaid care work in various countries, but perhaps only the government statistical agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom have seriously undertaken periodic and systematic measures of the time spent on unpaid work at the national level, and partially incorporated those values into their gross domestic product(GDP). One country that has been ahead of its time on aspects of societal welfare measurement is Bhutan, which produces the Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index. However, until the first GNH Survey, in 2008, Bhutan did not have any sense of the size and distribution of unpaid work, despite its strong societal norms about the value of volunteering and community work. This paper is the first to estimate the value of unpaid care work in Bhutan. It shows the pros and cons of various approaches and their equivalent measures of unpaid care work as a share of GDP. As with similar studies on the topic, this paper also finds that women spend more than twice as much time as men performing unpaid care work, regardless of their income, age, residency, or number of people in the household. The paper also provides recommendations for improving the measurement of unpaid care work in Bhutan.
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Barowy, Adam, Alex Klieger, Jack Regan, and Mark McKinnon. UL 9540A Installation Level Tests with Outdoor Lithium-ion Energy Storage System Mockups. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jemy9731.
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This report covers results of experiments conducted to obtain data on the fire and deflagration hazards from thermal runaway and its propagation through energy storage systems (ESS). The UL 9540A test standard provides a systematic evaluation of thermal runaway and propagation in energy storage system at cell, module, unit, and installation levels. The data from this testing may be used to design fire and explosion protection systems needed for safe siting and installation of ESS. In addition to temperature, pressure, and gas measurement instruments installed inside of the container, fire service portable gas monitors were placed at locations inside and outside the storage container during the experiments to assess their ability to detect products of thermal runaway and inform fire service size-up decisions. Review section 2.2.3 Fire Service Size-up Equipment to learn more. This research demonstrates a clear need for responding firefighters to have early access to data from instrumentation installed within an ESS, particularly gas measurement instrumentation, available through a monitoring panel. Additionally, it highlights the importance of communication between responding firefighters and personnel responsible for management of the ESS, who can aid in complete evaluation of system data to develop a more clear picture of system status and potential hazards.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.
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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak, and Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.