Relevant bibliographies by topics / Body size Measurement

Academic literature on the topic 'Body size Measurement'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Body size Measurement"

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Foysal, Kamrul Hasan, Hyo-Jung (Julie) Chang, Francine Bruess, and Jo-Woon Chong. "Body Size Measurement Using a Smartphone." Electronics 10, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111338.

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Measuring body sizes accurately and rapidly for optimal garment fit detection has been a challenge for fashion retailers. Especially for apparel e-commerce, there is an increasing need for digital and convenient ways to obtain body measurements to provide their customers with correct-fitting products. However, the currently available methods depend on cumbersome and complex 3D reconstruction-based approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel smartphone-based body size measurement method that does not require any additional objects of a known size as a reference when acquiring a subject’s body image using a smartphone. The novelty of our proposed method is that it acquires measurement positions using body proportions and machine learning techniques, and it performs 3D reconstruction of the body using measurements obtained from two silhouette images. We applied our proposed method to measure body sizes (i.e., waist, lower hip, and thigh circumferences) of males and females for selecting well-fitted pants. The experimental results show that our proposed method gives an accuracy of 95.59% on average when estimating the size of the waist, lower hip, and thigh circumferences. Our proposed method is expected to solve issues with digital body measurements and provide a convenient garment fit detection solution for online shopping.
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Johnson, Donald R. "Measurement of weasel body size." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 2277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-318.

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Body size of long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata) and short-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea) collected in northern and central Idaho was indexed using cranial length, zygomatic width, cranial mass, body mass, and body length (total less tail) as size variables. In comparison with the other variables, body length had lower and sometimes nonsignificant correlations with principal component 1 (PC1) scores of principal component analysis, suggesting that its further use as an index of body size for these species is inappropriate. Young males (6–9 months of age) of one or both species, similar in body size to adult females, occurred in all regions sampled. Because body size alone is not a reliable method of separating juvenile males from adult females, specimens identified as male lacking the baculum or tag information independently confirming sex are possibly misclassified.
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Ai, Biao, and Qi Li. "SOLOv2-based multi-view contactless bovine body size measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2294, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2294/1/012011.

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Abstract To address the problems that traditional bovine body measurement methods require a lot of manual assistance and lead to stress reactions in cattle, this paper achieves contactless measurement of bovine body length, withers height, chest breath, belly breath and chest depth by using a deep learning approach. This paper use SOLOv2 instance segmentation to identify cattle and extract cattle contours from the top and side views, combines cattle image dataset and OpenCV image processing function to extract cattle feature parts, and use discrete curvature calculation method to extract cattle body size to calculate feature points, and calculate cattle body size parameters by Euclidean distance calculation method. Experiments were conducted using custom model cattle to which bovine body size measurements were taken, after comparing with the manual measurement results, the average relative errors of body length, body height, chest depth, chest breath and belly breath of the model cattle were 1.36%, 0.44%, 2.05%, 2.80% and 1.47%, respectively. The experiment proved that this measurement method performed well in the non-contact measurement of bovine body size and had good accuracy, which provided a new way and method for the measurement of the non-stress response of cattle.
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Pei, Jie, Huiju Park, Susan P. Ashdown, and Arzu Vuruskan. "A sizing improvement methodology based on adjustment of interior accommodation rates across measurement categories within a size chart." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify common issues among commercial body size charts, and to propose a sizing improvement methodology without changing the number of sizes in the range. One goal is to equalize the number of people accommodated by each size within the range, and to propose a way to evaluate the effectiveness of the improvement. Design/methodology/approach The proposed method consists of three phases: (Phase I) identify target population; (Phase II) analysis of existing size charts; and (Phase III) improvement of the initial size chart. Phase III is the key process, which includes repeated manipulation of intersize intervals of the three primary measurements (chest, waist and hip) for improved consistency of overall and interior accommodate rates among the three measurement categories. A program was developed in RStudio® to generate trials and side-by-side bar plots for visualization of the differences in accommodate rates. Findings The main issue in commercial body size charts observed is the inconsistency of the interior accommodation rates among measurement categories. Some other issues include: lack of important measurements, failure to provide ranges and gaps between measurement ranges of adjacent sizes. Originality/value This paper proposed a complete work flow to improve body size charts to fix the common issues. The method integrates historic size information and new anthropometric information extracted from a national-scale sizing database (e.g. SizeUSA). The study also brought association of the secondary body measurements with primary measurements without using linear regression. Hence, information from body size charts can be more efficiently used in acquiring other size information.
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Cha, Su-Joung. "Comparison of Size between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning." Fashion business 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12940/jfb.2012.16.1.150.

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Mustofa, F., A. Fathoni, A. P. Z. N. L. Sari, H. Sasongko, and D. Maharani. "Body weight and body size measurement of five Indonesian local chicken." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 788, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/788/1/012016.

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Gnawali, Suman, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Mukunda Psd Humagain, Prakash Kayastha, and Durga Panthi. "Measurement of Corpus Callosum Size Using MRI In Nepalese Population." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 3.3 (September 5, 2021): 8079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.138.

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Corpus callosum (CC) is the main fiber tract connecting the cortical and sub-cortical regions of the right, left hemispheres, and plays an essential role in the integration of information between the two hemispheres. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the dimensions of corpus callosum can be studied. In this cross-sectional quantitative study 80 cases of normal MRI head were selected for study over two months. T1 weighted sagittal spin-echo images with slice thickness of 6 mm, planned from an axial and coronal image were used for measuring length and thickness of corpus callosum. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS ver.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages and bar diagram. The mean Corpus callosum (CC) length was 68.06 mm in the study population (n=80). The mean thickness of Genu, Body and Splenium were 9.15,5.2 and 9.08 mm respectively and average thickness was 7.81 mm. Statistically significant differences in size of CC for various age groups in both sexes were observed. The mean length of CC was 68.06 mm and mean thickness of CC was 7.81 mm. There were variation in the size of CC with age and sex. The Pearson correlation Coefficient is 0.48829 between Age and Length of CC, its P-value is 0.0019 KEY WORD: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Corpus callosum (CC), Genu, Body, Splenium Sagittal Spin-Echo.
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Wells, JCK, and NJ Fuller. "Precision of measurement and body size in whole-body air-displacement plethysmography." International Journal of Obesity 25, no. 8 (August 2001): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801634.

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Xiaohui, Tan, Peng Xiaoyu, Liu Liwen, and Xia Qing. "Automatic human body feature extraction and personal size measurement." Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 47 (August 2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2018.05.002.

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Saputra, E. A., M. F. Ulum, and J. Jakaria. "Association of SNP g.643G>A of MYF5 gene polymorphism with body weight and body measurements in Bali cattle." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 45, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.45.1.1-6.

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This study aimedto identify the SNP g.643G>Aof MYF5 genethen associate it with body weight and body size measurements in Bali cattle. Blood samples were collectedfrom 80 bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar Bali. Data on phenotypic properties observed included; birth weight, live weight, average daily gain, body length, chest depth, withers height, hip height, and heart girth. Polymorphismof the MYF5 gene was identifiedusing the PCR-RFLP method. Association of MYF5 genotypes with body weight and body size measurementswas performed using General Linear Model by SAS 9.4 program. MYF5│MspI gene was polymorphic with three genotypes: AA, AG, and GG. Genotype frequency of AA, AG and GG were 0.04 (3), 0.30 (24), and 0.65 (53), respectively. Allele frequencies were 0.19 and 0.81 for A and G alleles, respectively. Gene frequency analysis showed that Bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Association of MYF5│MspI gene with body weight and body measurement were not significantly different. SNP g.643G>A could not be used as a genetic marker for the body weight and body size measurements in Bali cattle.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Body size Measurement"

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Manuel, Melissa Barnes Ulrich Pamela V. Connell Lenda Jo. "Using 3D body scan measurement data and body shape assessment to build anthropometric profiles of tween girls." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1585.

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Otieno, Rose Bujehela. "New clothing size charts for 3 to 6 years old female nursery schoolchildren in the Nairobi province of Kenya : implications for marketing strategy." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284750.

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Olebjörk, Karin. "Måttning : Problematiken kring måttning inför val av storlek vid e-handel." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14798.

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Denna rapport vill belysa kunders problem med att hitta passande storlek när de handlar kläder i en webbutik. Fokusområdet är att undersöka om det är möjligt för kunder att ta tillförlitliga kroppsmått eller plaggmått med måttband, för att välja passande klädstorlek vid e-handel.   Först genomfördes en marknadsundersökning för att ta reda på hur klädföretag utformar sina storleksguider. Därefter utfördes en undersökning där 20 militärer deltog. De fick i uppgift att följa instruktioner för att ta kroppsmått på sig själva, ta samma mått på varandra och måtta av två utvalda plagg. Avslutningsvis fick de låta sig bli mätta av en designtekniker. Resultatet visade mycket stor spridning och flera av måtten hade ett spann från -6 cm till +6 cm i jämfört med att en professionell genomförde mätningen. En upptäckt var att vissa mätresultat blev bättre när någon annan än personen själv utförde kroppsmätningen. Deltagarna fick som avslut svara på några frågor. Hela 60 % av deltagarna i testgruppen trodde att en filminstruktion skulle ha underlättat mätningen. Slutsatsen är att det är viktigt att informera kunder hur de bör ta hjälp med att ta sina mått i användandet av storleksguiden, och att en instruktionsfilm kan underlätta mätningen. Ett komplement till kroppsmått kan vara plaggmått i storleksguiden.
The purpose of this report is to highlight customers' problems in finding the right size when shopping for clothes in an online store. The focus area is to investigate whether it is possible for customers to take accurate body measurements or garment measurements with a measuring tape in order to select appropriate clothing size in e-commerce.   A market investigation on the internet was conducted to find out how clothing companies design their size guides. Then a study took place with 20 participant soldiers. They were asked to follow the instructions for taking body measurements of themselves, to take measurements of each other and to measure two selected garments. Finally, they where measured by a garment technologist. The result showed a very large difference, and several of the measures had a span from -6 cm to +6 cm. One finding was that some measurement results were improved when someone else than themselves performed the body measuring. Afterwards the participants were asked to answer a few questions. Around 60 % of the them believed that a film instruction could facilitate the body measuring. The conclusion is that it is important to inform the customers in the size guide that it is important to get help to get as accurate measurements as possible and that an instructional film can facilitate the measuring. A complement to body measurements can be garments measurements in the size guide.
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Muhilambele, Vedasto Rutakorezibwa Muganyizi. "Measurement and prediction of capacity to reach for food through barriers in sheep and goats : effect of body size on horizontal and vertical reach in castrates and females." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333543.

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Korpinen, N. (Niina). "The use of craniofacial measurements in body size estimation:implications for fossil hominins." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604141490.

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This master thesis studies the use of craniofacial measurements in body size estimations using a reference sample of 74 extant African apes and creates new size estimation equations for fossil hominins. Size estimation is one of the most important tools in palaeoanthropology and there are many features reducing the use of postcranial bones in size estimations. As a results, there is demand to study the application of craniofacial dimensions as predictors in the body size estimations. The main focus was to study if some of the craniofacial measurements have strong relationship to skeletal frame size (SFS) which in this study was utilized as a proxy for the body size. These analyses were based on Pearson correlations which were performed separately for sex- and species specific samples. Measurements with the strongest correlations were further utilized to create the equations and size estimations for the apes by applying least square regression and their accuracy were then examined. Further size estimations were computed for 15 fossil skull casts (representing 13 species) that were available in the Zoological Museum of the University of Oulu. In the end these new size estimations for fossil hominins were compared to the previous size estimations of these species to determine how the new equations work in reality and could be used in future research. All the analyses were done with IBM SPSS Statistics. Results from the correlations showed a very strong relationship between craniofacial measurements and SFS. The highest correlations were found with facial size and GIL (r=0.951). Altogether 8 measurements were chosen to be used in the regressions and size estimations. Additionally, it was decided to create own equations for males and females. The results of the linear regressions and size estimations for apes demonstrated promising results, with the smallest MAPE of facial size between 12–14% in all samples and all samples having at least a few equations which produced predictions where 70% of specimens fall within ±20% of the SFS. Although clearly the best results were received using facial size, in general most of the results were comparable to those of previous studies. However, when the fossil cast size estimations were performed it became apparent that majority of the craniofacial measurements would not work as a size predictor. Results included many over- and underestimations but did not differ much amongst the pooled, male or female equations. Only facial size was able to produce fairly accurate estimations and its sole problem seemed to be the very small-sized H. floresiensis. The reasons behind this most like stem from the size range of the reference material which had much larger specimens compared to the fossil hominins. As a result of this study facial size seem very promising size predictor which probably is related to the fact that it represents the overall size of the face instead of just one dimension. However, the use of facial size as body size predictor requires more research. Particular important would be to test its’ applicability with reference material including smaller species and individuals to obtain better equations for smaller hominins
Pro gradu -tutkielmani aiheena on tutkia kallon mittojen käyttöä kokoarvioiden teossa hyödyntäen aineistona 74 yksilön Afrikkalaisen ihmisapinan otosta ja luoda uudet kokoarviointilaskukaavat, joita voisi sitten käyttää fossiili hominien kokoarvioinnissa. Aihe tarvitsee lisäselvityksiä, sillä kokoarviointi on yksi paleoantropologjen tärkeimmistä työkaluista tutkittaessa muinaisia hominineja. On myös ilmennyt monia seikkoja, jotka ovat heikentäneen postcranialisten luiden käyttöä koko-arvioinneissa. Tämä on luonnut tarpeen tutkia kallon mittasuhteiden hyödynnettävyyttä. Tarkoituksena oli ensinnäkin tutkia mitkä kallon yksittäiset mitat osoittavat vahvaa suhdetta luuston kehyskoon kanssa (SFS), joka kuvastaa tutkimuksessa ruumiin kokoa. Yksittäisiä mittoja tutkittiin Pearson korrelaatio analyysin avulla käsitellen lajien ja sukupuoliryhmien välisiä eroja. Tämän jälkeen tehtiin least square regressio analyysi niille mitoille, jotka osoittivat vahvaa korrelaatiota SFS:n kanssa. Tällä tavalla saatiin luotua kokoarviokaavat ja apinoille kokoarviot, joiden paikkansa pitävyyttä sitten tutkittiin. Seuraavaksi laskettiin uudet kokoarviot 15 fossiili kallovalokselle (edustivat 13 lajia), jotka olivat saatavilla Oulun Yliopiston Eläinmuseossa. Lopuksi fossiilien uusia kokoarvioita verrattiin jo olemassa oleviin lajien kokoarvioihin ja selvitettiin kaavojen toimivuutta sekä niiden hyödynnettävyyttä tulevissa tutkimuksissa. Kaikki analyysit tehtiin IBM SPSS Statistics tilasto-ohjelmalla. Korrelaatioiden tulokset osoittavat vahvaa suhdetta kallon mittojen ja SFS välillä. Korkeimmat korrelaatiot saatiin kasvojen koolle ja GIL:le (r=0.951). Kaiken kaikkiaan 8 mittaa valittiin käytettäväksi lineaarisessa regressiossa ja kokoarvioissa. Tämän lisäksi uroksille ja naaraille luotiin omat kokoarvio kaavat. Regressiot ja apinoiden kokoarviot tuottivat hyvin lupaavia tuloksia. Pienin MAPE (12–14 %) löytyi kaikissa otoksissa (kaikki, urokset ja naaraat) kasvojen koolta. Kaikissa otoksissa ainakin muutama laskukaava tuotti kokoarvioita, joista 70 % osui ±20% sisälle SFS koosta. Vaikka selvästi parhaimmat tulokset saatiin käyttäen kasvojen kokoa laskukaavioissa, kokonaisuudessaan suurin osa tuloksista oli samaa luokkaa aiempien tutkimusten tulosten kanssa. Sen sijaan, kun fossiilien kokoarvoit laskettiin, tuli selväksi ettei suurin osa kallon mitoista toimi luotettavina kokoarviojana. Tulokset osoittivat monia koon yli- ja aliarviointeja, mutta eri otoksilla luotujen kaavojen tulokset eivät juuri eronneet toisistaan. Ainoastaan kasvojen koko sai tuotettua suhteellisen tarkkoja arvioita ja sen ainoa ongelma vaikutti olevan pienikokoinen H. floresiensis. Syy tähän todennäköisesti liittyy aineiston yksilöiden kokoon, missä on paljon suurempia yksilöitä verrattaessa homineihin. Tämän tutkimus osoittaa että kasvojen koko vaikuttaa lupaavalta kokoarvioijalta. Tämä liittyy todennäköisesti siihen että mitta edustaa kasvojen kokonaiskokoa eikä vain yksittäistä mittaa. Tästä huolimatta kasvojen koon käyttäminen kokoarvioiden teossa vaatii vielä lisätutkimuksia. Varsin tärkeätä olisi käyttää aineistoa, johon kuuluisi pieniä yksilöitä, jotta saataisi luotua parempia laskukaaviota, joita voitaisiin hyödyntää myös pienempiä homineita tutkittaessa
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Deng, Yangyang. "A Study of the Relationship between Childhood Body Size and Adult Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Structure and Function." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3408.

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BACKGROUND: Little is known of the effects of obesity, body size and body composition, and blood pressure (BP) in childhood on hypertension (HBP) and cardiac structure and function in adulthood due to the lack of long-term serial data on these parameters from childhood into adulthood. In the present study, we are poised to analyze these serial data from the Fels Longitudinal Study (FLS) to evaluate the extent to which body size during childhood determines HBP and cardiac structure and function in the same individuals in adulthood through mathematical modeling. METHODS: The data were from 412 males and 403 females in the FLS. Stature and BMI parameters were estimated using the Preeze-Baines model and the third degree polynomial model to describe the timing, velocity and duration of these measure from 2 to 25 years of age. The biological parameters were related to adult BP and echocardiographic (Echo-) measurements using Generalized Linear Models (GLM). RESULTS: The parameters of stature and BMI were compared between male and female to their overall goodness of fit and their capabilities to quantify the timing, rate of increase, and duration of the growth events. For stature parameters, the age at onset and peak velocity was earlier for girls; but the peak velocity was greater in boys; the velocity at onset was about the same for boys and girls; and stature at onset, peak velocity and adult was greater for boys. For BMI parameters, boys tended to have larger BMI values than girls, but the rates of change in BMI were almost the same; there was no sex difference in the timing of BMI rebound, but there was for the age of the peak velocity of BMI and maximum BMI, both of which were earlier in girls than in boys. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in childhood stature and BMI parameters were related to adult BP and Echo-measurements more so in females than males. Also the relationship of the adult BP measurements with corresponding childhood biological parameters was stronger than the relationship for adult Echo-measurements.
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Puniani, Kasalanaita. "Body composition measurements in Maori, Pacific Island and European New Zealand children aged 5-14 years thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, May 2004." Full thesis, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PunianiK.pdf.

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Nugent, Russell Arthur. "Analysis of newborn calf body measurements and relationship of calf shape to sire breeding values for birth weight and calving ease." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135956/.

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Berry, Kathleen Margaret. "The changing size and shape of Australian women." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61954.

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This study investigates body size and shape of present-day Australian women. The need for such investigations results from the fact that secular trends in body size and shape change these characteristics every few decades. As body size and shape change, there is a need to update metric data used for clothing design. Morphometric photographs and measurements of 38 anthropometric characteristics were taken of 163 women aged from 18 to 82 years coming from various socio-economic circumstances. Their average body height and weight matched Australian Bureau of Statistics data for South Australian women. The anthropometric characteristics were selected for their usefulness in the clothing industry. In comparison with earlier studies of adult Australian women, especially the one conducted in 1926-28 by Berlei, the participants of the present study were only slightly taller (about 11 mm), but much heavier (about 6 kg); this produced an average Body Mass Index of 24.7. Participants also differed from British and American women. These findings indicate a need for an anthropometric survey of Australian women to provide current data for industrial purposes. As a pilot study to this end averages and standard deviations of all 36 anthropometric dimensions and weight were tabulated. Furthermore, based on standard morphometric photographs of anterior, posterior and the lateral aspect of standing women, five body types were identified. They resemble the letters off the alphabet I, A, H, X and XH. For each figure type basic anthropometric dimensions were tabulated. This study can be considered a pilot study for a larger, fully representative anthropometric survey but its results already show an occurrence of a significant trend towards overweight.
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences, 2001
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Chen, Chun-Yang, and 陳俊仰. "System for Implementing Three-dimensional reconstruction and Size Measurement of Human Body by using Kinects." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f66h3w.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
100
In the past, most of the three-dimensional body scanning and reconstruction systems are using Laser scanner to do Body scanning. The laser scanner is highly precise, but expensive and not convenient. In addition, it must have professional peripherals, and is required by an operator with training. The purpose of this study is to design one kind of three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement system which is low-cost, simple and approximate accuracy to the laser scanner. One of possible choice is RGB-depth camera, such as Kinect. However, one single Kinect is unable to scan whole body and capture enough of the cloud point due to its limitation of scanning perspective. It is necessary to set up multi-faceted KINECT to reach a full range of scanning, but this way will increase in costs significantly. To sum up, this study proposes a system by using two Kinects, one upper and one lower, and a rotating platform linking the computer to do the scanning and control. By this way, it can scan whole body and capture enough of the cloud point in the limited room. Moreover the combination of rotating platform can achieve a full range of scanning by scanning from different angle. In the last, combination of all the pictures cans reconstruct the three-dimensional body, which then can provide size information for each parts of the body.
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Books on the topic "Body size Measurement"

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Parker, Victoria. How long is long?: Comparing animals. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Alan, Rubin. How big is a cat? Austin, Tex: Steck-Vaughn, 2004.

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Lau, Boulderson B. An evaluation of oocyte size in multiple regressions predicting gonad weight from body weight: A test using hawaiian ehu, Etelis carbunculus. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1994.

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Reich, Naomi. ISR project for the development of body measurement tables for women 55 years and older and the relationship to ready-to-wear garment size. Philadelphia: ASTM Institute for Standards Research, 1993.

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American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM standards for body measurements. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2013.

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American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM standards for body measurements. Edited by Bailey Sean J. editor. 2nd ed. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2015.

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American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard table of body measurements for adult female misses figure type, sizes 2-20. Philadelphia: ASTM, 1990.

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Bloom Log BLOOM LOG DESIGN CO. Body Measurement Tracker: Body Measurement Tracker Log Book, Body Measurement Tracker Chart, for Weight Loss to Keep Record Weight Body Shape and Body Size. Independently Published, 2021.

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Samaka Press Samaka Press Paper. Body Measurement Tracker: Body Measurement Tracker Log Book, Body Measurement Tracker Chart, for Weight Loss to Keep Record Weight Body Shape and Body Size. Independently Published, 2021.

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Pretty Craft PRETTY CRAFT DESIGN CO. Body Measurement Tracker: Body Measurement Tracker Log Book, Body Measurement Tracker Chart, for Weight Loss to Keep Record Weight Body Shape and Body Size. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Body size Measurement"

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Tan, Xiaohui, Zhengyuan Lv, Kang Wang, and Xiaosong Yang. "Dynamic Human Body Size Measurement Based on Feature Points Prediction and Mapping." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 92–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63426-1_10.

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Ellis, Kenneth J., and Roman J. Shypailo. "Whole Body Potassium Measurements Independent of Body Size." In Human Body Composition, 371–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1268-8_87.

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Pettersson, Holger, and Hans Ringertz. "SP6 Size of vertebral body and intervertebral disc/age [radiography]." In Measurements in Pediatric Radiology, 30–31. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1844-2_15.

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Pettersson, Holger, and Hans Ringertz. "AB3 Size of liver and spleen/body weight and height [ultrasound]." In Measurements in Pediatric Radiology, 132–33. London: Springer London, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1844-2_57.

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Zhou, X., and S. Hu. "Experimental measurement of body size and practice of teaching and research." In Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series, 493–99. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12322-59.

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"4. Size Matters: The Measurement of Man and Ideals of the Labouring Body." In Looking at Men: Anatomy, Masculinity and the Modern Male Body. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00297.5.

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"4. Size Matters: The Measurement of Man and Ideals of the Labouring Body." In Looking at Men: Anatomy, Masculinity and the Modern Male Body. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00297.5.

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Demissie, Solomon, Mulatie Atalay, and Yonas Derso. "Anatomy, Sonographic Features, and Dimensional Variations of Spleen among Individuals with Different Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Measurement." In Ultrasound Imaging - Current Topics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101900.

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The spleen is a vital lymphoid soft organ located in the left hypochondrium region. It is a multi-dimensional organ that enlarges in all dimensions during some disease conditions. Recently, splenomegaly prevalence has been increasing throughout the world. Due to the lack of attention in clinical practice, splenomegaly has become quite a common problem in all parts of the world. The detection of the spleen by palpation is not approval of enlarged spleen because normal spleen may be palpable. A detailed knowledge of morphometric variations of the spleen is of great value in diagnosing splenomegaly clinically, radiologically, and for surgical procedures. Measurement of spleen size by sonography is important as it gives true result than splenic palpation and for identification of disorders present with enlargement or reduction of the spleen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anatomy, sonography, and dimensional variation of spleen among individuals with different sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements. The current study reviews different types of literature conducted on spleen all over the world. The result from overall spleen dimensions review shows measurements vary: spleen length (7–14 cm), spleen width (2–7.5 cm), spleen thickness (2–7 cm), and spleen volume (20–350 cm3). The literature revealed that spleen dimensions are affected by geographical differences, races, nutritional status, physical exercise, and anthropometric measurements. The result from reviews shows that spleen dimensions are larger in males than females. As age increases, spleen dimensions significantly decrease. Spleen dimensions positively correlate with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface of individuals. The spleen dimensions were higher in males than in females and have significant positive correlation with height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area. Clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons should confirm splenomegaly by both palpation and sonography. Spleen dimensions variation due to geographical sex, age, and other anthropometric measurements should be taken into consideration during their clinical investigation. Radiologists should measure all dimensions of spleen rather than the length to rule out splenomegaly correctly.
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Marwaha, Lovleen. "Morphometric Characteristics of the Wax Moth." In The Wax Moth: A Problem or a Solution, 16–30. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123821123010004.

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The two predominant wax moth species, the greater and the lesser wax moths, exhibit remarkably different morphometric characteristics in the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. The eggs of the greater wax moth (GWM) are pink, cream or white, with an ellipsoid, ovoid or obovoid shape, whereas the eggs of the lesser wax moth (LWM) are creamy-white with a spherical shape. Furthermore, in the GWM, the egg size range is 0.44 ± 0.04 × 0.36 ± 0.02 mm, while in the LWM, the egg size corresponds to 0.41 ± 0.02 × 0.31 ± 0.01 mm. The first instar larval length in the GWM is 1-3 mm, whereas the last instar body length corresponds to 12-20 mm. In the case of LWM, the first instar of body measurement is 1-20 mm, while in the last instar, it grows upto18.8 ± 0.4 mm. The pupal size in the GWM; is 12-20 mm in length and 5-7 mm in width, while the pupa in the LWM is 11.3 ± 0.4 mm in length and 2.80 ± 1.89 mm in width. Similarly, in the LWM, the adult body is 10 mm long in the male and 13 mm long in the female moths. The GWM adults possess a 15 mm body length. The dimensions mentioned above for the GWM and the LWM elucidate that the various developmental stages are distinguishable. The present chapter is attributed to the external body dimension and characteristic features of two predominant types of wax moths, which impose significant challenges to apiculture.
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Rivas, Jesús A. "How Big Can a Giant Be?" In Anaconda, 166–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199732876.003.0007.

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This chapter determines the maximum size that anacondas can reach, which has been the subject of long-standing debate among herpetologists. There are many accounts of snakes around 9 to 11 meters (29.5 to 36 feet). A lot of the controversy concerns the credibility of the records, the confusion created by the fact that the skins stretch when the snakes are skinned, and the use of estimates or unreliable methods of measurement. The largest snake that the author has caught, out of nearly 1,000 animals, was only a little more than 5 meters (16.4 feet) long. What is the reason for such a difference? Due to their slow growth rate, anacondas require a long time to reach a large size. The author’s study area is a cattle ranch where the protection of wildlife is a relatively recent practice. Presumably, the really large animals might have been killed off earlier and the animals that exist now in the areas where the author studied might not have had enough time to grow to really large sizes. However, this is not all that there is to it. The chapter then considers the constraints of large body size in anacondas, especially female ones. It also describes the discovery of the fossilized remains of a snake of formidable proportions in eastern Colombia, Titanoboa cerrejonensis, and makes predictions about its size and natural history.
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Conference papers on the topic "Body size Measurement"

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Omrcen, Damir, and Ales Jurca. "Shoe Size Recommendation System Based on Shoe Inner Dimension Measurement." In 2nd International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 25-26 October 2011. Ascona, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15221/11.158.

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Cheng, Victor S., Su Zhang, Chang Y. Xiao, Yaz H. Chen, and Xiao Y. Song. "Design of a synchronized scanning system for size measurement of human body." In Photonics Asia 2004, edited by Yongtian Wang, Zhicheng Weng, Shenghua Ye, and Jose M. Sasian. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.574981.

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Lee, Congcong, Jianping Li, and Songming Zhu. "Automated Size Measurement and Weight Estimation of Body-Curved Grass Carp Based on Computer Vision." In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12-16, 2021. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100605.

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Xiang, Zhou, and Hu Shouzhong. "Measurement and Research on Foot Size of Juveniles in Shanghai." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100795.

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China has been lack of accurate human body size datas of juveniles in a long term, which foot size is one of them. This article discusses the application of three-dimensional anthropometry technology. By measuring the foot length and sole circumference of 4000 juveniles between 4 to 17 years old in Shanghai, foot shape of Juveniles can be defined and classified, which can provide effective scientific basis for Juveniles' shoes design, plate-making, edition and publishing, while Juveniles' shoes, leather shoes, sports shoes, cloth shoes, etc., can only achieve the best suitable, comfortable, warm, beautiful effect with perfect matching with human foot shape. The classification, shape definition and ergonomics research of juveniles in Shanghai has a profound economic and practical significance to the footwear manufacturing enterprise and the society.
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Tan, Xiaohui, Xiaoyu Peng, Liwen Liu, and Qing Xia. "Automatic Human Body Feature Extraction and Size Measurement by Random Forest Regression Analysis of Geodesics Distance." In 2017 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualization (ICVRV). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvrv.2017.00060.

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Hans, Volker. "Ultrasound Gas Flow Measurement." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45591.

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Measurements of flow velocity with cross correlation functions of ultrasonic signals show that the travelling time of structures deviates from the mean flow velocity. This difference usually is explained by the difference between the line integral of measurement and the area integral of the mean flow velocity. A comparison of the probability distribution of velocity components shows that the most frequent components in the fluid are in accordance with the travelling time of structures. The explanation is given by systems theory. In vortex shedding flow meters an ultrasonic wave is modulated by vortices behind a bluff body. The frequency of the vortices is proportional to the flow velocity. It depends on the size and arrangement of bluff bodies. As ultrasound is very sensitive to all kinds of modulating effects the size of bluff bodies can be drastically reduced in comparison to measurements with pressure sensors. Additionally the sensitivity can be increased, pressure losses behind the bluff body are considerably decreasing.
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Kleban, Viktoriya, and Lothar Paul. "3D Modeling and Size Adaptation of Individual Human Body Avatars from Parametric Measurement Data for 3D Construction and Analysis Tasks." In 1st International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 19-20 October 2010. Ascona, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15221/10.353.

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He, Xu, Li Zhen, Xu Yixian, and Yu Hongpeng. "The Design and Optimization of a New Bluff Body of the Electromagnetic Vortex Flowmeter Based on ISIGHT." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46680.

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Bluff body plays a significant role in the electromagnetic vortex flowmeter. More reasonable structure and size of the bluff body can generate more strong and stable vortex shedding for the better sensor measurement. Currently, the optimization for the size of the bluff body is that dispersing the parameter interval and comparing the different size combinations by many researchers. In this method, the result may be the local optimum easily, and the process is same that the simulation is a waste of time for the vortex shedding in the different sizes of the bluff body more or less. However, a new kind of bluff body and an optimization method are proposed in this paper. By means of the NSGA-II algorithm, the size of the bluff body is optimized in the ISIGHT software integrated of Gambit, Fluent and Excel in different Reynolds numbers conditions. At last, we obtained the reasonable size of the bluff body in a wide range of the Reynolds number (2.9×103∼6×104).
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Miller, Mackenzie Lynn, and Kerri McBee-Black. "“There’s Nothing Wrong With My Size”: Examining Students’ Attitudes Towards Self-Measurement and Body Self-Image in Apparel Design Courses." In Innovate to Elevate. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.15828.

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Uffrecht, Wieland, and Erwin Kaiser. "Influence of Force Field Direction on Pressure Sensors Calibrated at up to 12000g." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50355.

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The measurement of pressure within both stationary and rotating frames of reference are a fundamental requirement when studying the flow field through turbomachinery blading. Measurement of pressure within the rotating frame presents a particular challenge, as centrifugal acceleration of the sensor can have a significant impact on sensor calibration, and therefore accuracy of the resulting measurements. In this paper the telemetric calibration of pressure sensors at up to 12,000g is described, and the impact on calibration of membrane size, sensor body shape and sensor mounting direction discussed. The program of work reported in this paper focuses on experimental issues associated with rotating pressure measurement. The combined effect of centrifugal load and pressure on integrally temperature compensated silicon pressure sensors is presented. Experimental results are given that provide insight into the influence of acceleration on pressure readings. Implementation of acceleration into sensor calibration is presented. Supplementary finite-element calculations enable impact of sensor body shape to be taken into account during the evaluation of sensor acceleration-to-pressure sensitivity ratio. Different sensors with varied membrane sizes and acceleration force directions are examined and compared.
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Reports on the topic "Body size Measurement"

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Li, Jiaqi, PWH Kwong, MYL Chan, and M. Kawabata. Comparison of in vivo intradiscal pressure between sitting and standing in human lumbar spine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0043.

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Review question / Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review is to compare the differences in vivo IDP between sitting and standing postures. The secondary objective of this review is to compare effect size estimates between 1) dated and more recent studies and 2) healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs. Condition being studied: Healthy adults, patients with low back pain. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included in the review if they 1) involved in vivo IDP measurement in both sitting and standing postures, 2) involved measurements with intervertebral body replacement and 3) included spinal loading data of healthy adults. Studies were excluded if they 1) investigated in vitro measurement of IDP, 2) did not report the central tendency and/or variability of the outcome of interest and 3) were letters to the editor, case studies, case series or review articles. For the relevant papers that did not provide sufficient data, we contacted the corresponding author to acquire the data.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.

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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Suh, Jooyeoun, Changa Dorji, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, and Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa. Valuing Unpaid Care Work in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200065-2.

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A growing body of scholarly literature has attempted to measure and value unpaid care work in various countries, but perhaps only the government statistical agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom have seriously undertaken periodic and systematic measures of the time spent on unpaid work at the national level, and partially incorporated those values into their gross domestic product(GDP). One country that has been ahead of its time on aspects of societal welfare measurement is Bhutan, which produces the Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index. However, until the first GNH Survey, in 2008, Bhutan did not have any sense of the size and distribution of unpaid work, despite its strong societal norms about the value of volunteering and community work. This paper is the first to estimate the value of unpaid care work in Bhutan. It shows the pros and cons of various approaches and their equivalent measures of unpaid care work as a share of GDP. As with similar studies on the topic, this paper also finds that women spend more than twice as much time as men performing unpaid care work, regardless of their income, age, residency, or number of people in the household. The paper also provides recommendations for improving the measurement of unpaid care work in Bhutan.
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McKinney, Ellen, and Fatma Baytar. Increasing Patternmaking Students' Understanding of Measurement Methods and the Relationship between Body Measurements and Sizes: An Assignment Design. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-178.

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Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Survival (School Version). University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001270.

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Cells are the smallest units of life. The environment around cells is always changing. Cells need to adapt to survive. This curriculum linked game and lesson plan introduces the world of cells to pupils 8-13. But can they keep their cells alive? This is a guide to how the cell survival resources can be used in a lesson and can be adapted as the teacher sees fit to do so. This lesson is aimed at 8-13 year olds, and fits into an hour long session. The Cell Survival Game has been adapted for both home use and for use in the classroom, and is accompanied by a series of videos. Learning Outcomes – Cells are the smallest unit of life – There are many different types of cells, and some examples of cell types – Cells experience many dangers, and some examples of dangers – How cells notice and defend themselves against dangers Links to the Curriculum – Health and Wellbeing: I am developing my understanding of the human body – Languages: I can find specific information in a straight forward text (book and instructions) to learn new things, I discover new words and phrases (relating to cells) – Mathematics: I am developing a sense of size and amount (by using the dice), I am exploring number processes (addition and subtraction) and understand they represent quantities (steps to finish line), I am learning about measurements (cell sizes) and am exploring patterns (of cell defences against dangers) – Science: I am learning about biodiversity (different types of microbes), body systems, cells and how they work. – Technology: I am learning about new technologies (used to understand how cells work).
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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.

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In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.
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