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1
Catalán, García Marc. "Mitochondrial profile and amyloidogenic molecules in sporadic inclusion body myositis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586382.
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Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most common myopathy in elderly. This disease causes muscle wasting with both distal and proximal affectation. Quadriceps and finger flexors are muscle typically affected. At pathological level, three different features are present in muscle biopsies: inflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities and degeneration. The presence of T-cell infiltrate, ragged-red fibers and rimmed vacuoles are some features linked to these pathological processes. Protein misfolding and aggregation lead to the formation of the mentioned rimmed vacuoles, composed by many different misfolded proteins: β-amyloid, caveolin, phosphor-Tau among others. The accumulation of β-amyloid is also a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which presents some parallelisms with sIBM.
In this work, we aimed to evaluate the mitochondrial state in muscle from sIBM patients but also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to describe the molecular abnormalities that mitochondria could present in this disease. In addition, we aimed to measure plasmatic molecules related to inflammation, mitochondria and degeneration, in search for plasmatic biomarkers in sIBM patients but also in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, both diseases from the inflammatory myopathy group, like sIBM.
Regarding mitochondrial analysis, muscle biopsies from 23 sIBM patients were analyzed, as well as 18 controls free of muscle disease. In addition, PBMC from 14 sIBM patients and from 20 controls were assessed as well. MtDNA levels and also mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (COX) activity were significantly decreased in muscle from sIBM patients compared to controls. Interestingly, when analyzing PBMC, dysfunction in COX activity was also found. In this tissue, a deregulation in mitochondrial protein synthesis was also found. As 57% of the sIBM patients presented mtDNA deletions, we aimed to evaluate if the presence of mtDNA deletions correlate with impaired mitochondrial parameters. sIBM patients with mtDNA deletions presented the lowest amount of mtDNA, and those patients without deletions showed values more similar to controls. A similar pattern was found when correlating the presence of MFN-2, a protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Again, patients with mtDNA deletions presented the lowest amount of this protein, and patients without deletions showed an intermediate values between patients with deletions and controls.
Regarding the analysis of plasmatic molecules related to sIBM pathological features, inflammatory, mitochondrial and amyloidogenic molecules were analyzed in plasma samples from 21 sIBM, 20 controls and also in 14 plasma samples from dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) patients, which constitute an inflammatory myopathy different from sIBM group. Inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and mitochondrial-related (circulating mtDNA, FGF-21 and CoQ) molecules did not show significant differences between groups. However, amyloidogenic molecules (BACE-1, PS-1 and sAPPβ) were increased in sIBM patients respect to controls but also respect to the DM and PM group confirming its implication in sIBM pathogenesis. Sensitivity and specificity test showed that BACE-1 would be the most suitable biomarker for sIBM diagnosis.
This thesis describes at molecular level the mitochondrial implication in the disease, and also reinforces the amyloidogenic component in sIBM. In addition, it proposes a plasmatic and non-invasive biomarker that could help in the sIBM diagnosis, especially in discriminating between other inflammatory myopathies, like polymyositis.La miositis per cossos d’inclusió en la seva forma esporàdica (MCI) és la miopatia més comú en individus de més de 50 anys tot i ser una malaltia rara. Cursa amb atròfia muscular progressiva distal i proximal i actualment no es coneix cura. A nivell histopatològic presenta un component inflamatori, un component mitocondrial i un component degeneratiu. Degut al seu component degeneratiu i a la similitud de les proteïnes que formen aquests cossos d’inclusió, s’ha establert un possible paral·lelisme amb la malaltia d’Alzheimer. Els objectius d’aquesta tesi doctoral són explorar a nivell molecular les alteracions mitocondriales en la MCI en múscul, però també en cèl·lules mononuclears de sang perifèrica (CMSP), ja que és un teixit menys invasiu. A més, com a segon objectiu principal pretén d’estudiar mol·lècules relacionades amb la inflamació, amb el mitocondri i amb la degeneració en plasma d’aquests pacients per tal de demostrar la seva implicación amb la etiopatogènia i a més per establir nous marcadors menys invasius que permetin diagnosticar la malaltia i diferenciarla d’altres malalties similars com la dermatomiositis i la polimiositis. Fent referència a l’estudi mitocondrial, tant la quantitat de DNA mitocondrial com l’activitat del complex IV de la cadena mitocondrial (COX) es van trobar disminuïts en músculs dels pacients amb MCI. D’altra banda, amb l’estudi de les CMSP, també vam trobar disminuïda l’activitat de la COX, i a més una desregulación de la síntesis de proteïnes mitocondrials. Donat que un 57% dels pacients va presentar delecions múltiples al DNA mitocondrial, la presència d’aquestes delecions correlacionava amb una menor quantitat de DNA mitocondrial i a més amb un decrement de proteïna MFN-2, implicada en la dinàmica mitocondrial. Amb l’estudi de les molècul·les plasmàtiques, es van analitzar en plasma de pacients amb MCI, en controls però també en pacients amb dermatomiositis i polimiositis mol·lècules relacionades amb la inflamació (IL-6 i TNF-α), amb el mitocondri (DNA mitocondrial circulant, FGF-21 i enzim CoQ) i amb la amiloidogènesi (BACE-1, PS-1 i sAPPβ). Les mol.lècules amiloidogèniques es trobaven incrementades en els pacients amb MCI respecte controls i altres miopatíes inflamatòries, demostrant la seva impliació en la etiopatogènia i obtenint un cert valor diagnòstic. Amb aquesta tesi, s’ha demostrat la implicació mitocondrial en la etiopatogènia de la MCI, i s’han trobat alteracions en plasma de mol·lècules amiloidogèniques que, a més, tenen potencial diagnòstic per diferenciar aquesta malaltia d’altres miopatíes inflamatòries com la polimiositis.
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Romero, Vincent. "The Body Profile Score : an assessment of whole body walking patterns in children with cerebral palsy." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189886.
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Patients with cerebral palsy account for great upper extremities deviationswhile walking. However, the number of studies assessing their upper bodygait kinematics are rare and no studies have been conducted interested inthe whole body kinematics during walking. In this study, we created awhole body index, the Body Profile Score made of modified existing kinematicindexes assessing the gait pattern of children with cerebral palsy. TheBody Profile Score (BPS) is an average of combination of the Gait ProfileScore (GPS), a modified Trunk Profile Score (TPS), a modified Arm PostureScore (APS) and a also new index called Head Profile Score (HPS), basedon a similar calculation. Dierent versions of the BPS were tested on threegroups: a control group, a CP group before botulinum toxin A treatmentand a CP group after botulinum toxin A treatment. The results showed apoor level of linear correlations between the dierent BPS versions and theGait Profile Score, indicating that lower body indexes such as the GPS orGait Deviation Index (GDI) and full body index such as the BPS do not renderthe same information. The BPS is the first index proposing a full bodykinematic analysis and aims at showing that such an analysis is needed ingait assessment of spastic children in order to have a realistic overview ofthe pathological walking condition.
3
Zhao, Jing. "Shape Optimization of Low-Profile UWB Body-of-Revolution Monopole Antennas." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313069696.
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Kyrana, Eirini. "Body composition and metabolic profile of children with end stage liver disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/body-composition-and-metabolic-profile-of-children-with-end-stage-liver-disease(b201b845-3bbc-4d41-ac27-6080c94235b8).html.
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Children with end stage liver disease are thought to have reduced lean mass and higher energy requirements. The aim of the study was to assess how body composition and energy requirements of children with end stage liver disease differ from those of healthy children and how they change after liver transplantation as well as to study for metabolic pathways that may be influencing the body composition. Body composition was assessed by various methods including basic anthropometry, stable isotopes, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD). Resting energy expenditure was assessed by indirect calorimetry. The patients were compared to age and sex matched healthy controls and were re-assessed at least 6 months after they received their liver transplant. Liver, muscle and fat tissue obtained at the time of transplant was assessed by microarray analysis of gene expression and validated with qPCR with a focus on metabolic pathways of glycolysis, lipolysis, insulin resistance and muscle atrophy and in particular the AMPK pathway (a cellular catabolic pathway). Seventeen patients and 14 healthy controls were recruited. Basic anthropometry showed that the patients had significantly lower weight and height. The deuterium, BOD POD and DXA measurements showed that whereas some children had lower lean mass, fat mass (FM) was preserved and remained within the normal range. Body mass index, mid upper arm circumference and FM indices were negatively correlated with stay in hospital post liver transplant. The presence of hypermetabolism was not different between patients and controls. The tissue studies distinguished a subgroup of patients with significant differences in their muscle and fat tissue. These differences were not related to catabolic pathways including AMPK, but were related to a pathway linked to inflammatory mediated insulin resistance involving interleukin-6. In this cohort of patients, in spite of lean mass reduction, fat mass was preserved and correlated with a shorter stay in hospital after liver transplantation. This is relevant information when deciding on appropriate nutritional management prior to transplantation. Some patients may develop insulin resistance as a mechanism of fat mass preservation during their chronic illness. This is the first time a possible mechanism for the insulin resistance described in these patients is identified. Further work would be required to confirm this finding and to link it with clinical evidence of insulin resistance.
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Ptak, April Louise Hill David. "VO₂ response profile in heavy intensity cycling after heavy intensity arm or leg exercise." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2006. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5441.
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Flynn, Mark Allen. "The Effects of Body Ideal Profile Pictures and Friends' Comments on Social Network Site Users' Body Image: A SIDE Model Approach." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1351713652.
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Williams, Jillian Mary. "Lower Body Kinetics During the Delivery Phase of the Rotational Shot Put Technique." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2981.
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The purpose of this study was to measure the change in joint energy of the hip,knee and ankle of the right and left leg, in the sagittal plane during the delivery phase of the rotational shot put. We hypothesized that (1) throwers who produced a greater total hip energy change would have greater horizontal displacement and (2) throwers who produced a higher ratio of hip energy, in each leg independently, would produce greater horizontal displacement. Subjects (n = 8) must have been right-handed, collegiate or post collegiate level throwers trained in the rotational technique. Vicon Nexus System (Denver, CO, USA) used six MX13+, two F20, two T20 cameras recorded at 240 Hz, and the body Plug-in Gait model to track the body position during each trial. Two AMTI force plates (OR-6, Watertown, MA, USA) were used for collecting ground reaction force data at 960 Hz. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine a relationship between total hip energy change and horizontal displacement. A mixed model regression was used to determine any correlation between horizontal distance and left and right energy change ratios. Athletes who produced a greater total hip energy change had the greatest horizontal displacement (p = .022). Also throwers who produced a higher ratio of left hip energy change to total left leg energy produced the greatest horizontal displacement (p = .02). The ratio of right hip energy change to right leg energy change was found to not be significant to horizontal displacement (p = .955). We feel the findings on the left leg energy change are an attempt by the athlete to both accelerate the shot put as well as stop the rotational progression to allow the athlete to complete a fair throw. The athlete extending both the right and the left hip rapidly during the delivery phase can help explain the combined right and left hip energy change. This action accelerates the ball in a proximal-distal sequence, which allows athletes to reach high final shot put velocities. The higher the final velocity on the shot put positively correlates with the horizontal displacement.
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Shamsudin, Shamsul Anuar. "Kinematic Synthesis of Planar, Shape-Changing Rigid Body Mechanisms for Design Profiles with Significant Differences in Arc Length." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1365911657.
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Shahriari, Sheyda. "Electroencephalography (EEG) profile and sense of body ownership : a study of signal processing, proprioception and tactile illusion." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16299.
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With the ability to feel through artificial limbs, users regain more function and increasingly see the prosthetics as parts of their own bodies. So, main focus of this project was dedicated to recuperating sensation by deception both in sighted and unsighted patients, started with illusionary experiments on healthy volunteers, brain signals were captured with medical EEG headsets during these tests to have a better understanding of how the brain works during body ownership illusions. EEG results suggest that gender difference exists in the perception of body transfer illusion. Visual input can be induced to trick the brain. Using the results, a new device has been designed (sound generator system-SGS) with the principal goal to find ways to include rich sensory feedback in prosthetic devices that would aid their incorporation of the user's body representation or schema. Studying the brain is fascinating; SGS tested and was found to have an adequate level of dexterity over course of one-month multiple times. After each try, the results were more tolerable than before that proved the idea that brain can learn and understand anything and can be manipulated temporary or lasting due to influences. Different methods used to validate the results, EEG acquisition, mapping subject brain function with EEG and finally interviewing participant after each attempt. Although the results of the illusion shows that when heat applies on rubber hand, subjects behave in similar manner as if their real hand was effected, but main question is still remains. How can the conditioning apply to daily life of amputees so that illusion become permanent? This is a rapidly developing field with advancements in technology and greater interdisciplinary integration of medicine, mechatronics and control engineering with the future looking to have permanent, low power consumption, highly functional devices with a greater intuitive almost natural feel using a variety of body signals including EMG, ultrasound, and Electrocorticography.
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Erasmus, Morné. "Amino acid requirements of feedlot cattle according to the duodenal and whole empty body essential amino acid profile." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52085.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the essential amino acid requirements of beef cattle under feedlot conditions through evaluation of the duodenal and whole empty body essential amino acid compositions. To define the ideal protein required for growth, the whole empty body essential amino acid compositions of 8 beef steers (Simmental and Hereford crosses) was investigated. The amino acid composition of the components (carcass, metabolic organs and residual fraction), was pooled relative to their respective mass and protein contribution, resulting in the calculated whole empty body amino acid composition: arginine 6.81; histidine 2.69; isoleucine 4.02; leucine 6.96; lysine 7.43; methionine 2.01; phenylalanine 4.03; threonine 4.01; valine 5.30; tryptophan 0.82. Variations in profiles were found between scientific reports, either indicating that ratios change with growth and implants or possibly through genotype. The present study's body amino acid ratios were used to estimate dietary amino acid requirements through evaluation of the duodenal essential amino acid compositions from three different maize based feedlot diets. Although there was a general increase in the biological value of protein after rumen fermentation, the duodenal essential amino acids in comparison with the whole empty body recorded deficient/unbalanced profiles of essential amino acids for growth. The chemical scores suggested that the first-to-thirdlimiting amino acids in the duodenal digesta of beef cattle, that received three different commercially available feedlot diets, were: histidine, lysine, methionine/arginine (Diet 1), histidine, arginine, lysine (Diet 2) and arginine, methionine, histidine (Diet 3). Thedisproportionate duodenal amino acid concentrations obtained from the three diets, emphasise the necessity to enhance the intestinal delivery of amino acid profiles through different undegradable protein sources, with the objective to maximise protein utilisation and obtain the genetic potential for optimal growth in feedlot cattle. When amino acid requirements and flows to the duodenum were simulated using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein system (CNCPS), predictions indicated that lysine amino acid flow was limiting the metabolizable allowable average daily gain in Diet 1 and 3. Predicted profiles indicated that the order of limitation was: lysine, arginine, histidine (Diet 1), lysine, arginine, histidine, methionine (Diet 2) and lysine, arginine, histidine (Diet 3). The predicted profiles were in accordance with observed duodenal values, except for methionine that was observed limiting in Diet 1 and 3; however, the sequence and extent of limitation varied. Results indicate that prediction models have potential in predicting requirements; however there are still limitations for use to accurately define requirements for particular EAA's. From the present study, it is clear that the protein accretion was constrained by quantity and/or disproportionality of amino acids available for absorption. Further research should therefore be directed towards obtaining a more desirable array of amino acids to the lower digestive tract that is digestible, absorbable and an economically viable option for the feedlot operator.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aminosuurbehoeftes van Voerkraalbeeste Volgens die Duodenale en Totale Lee Liggaam Essensiele Aminosuur Profiel: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die essensiele aminosuur vereistes van vleisbeeste onder voerkraal toestande te bepaal deur die evaluering van die duodenale en totale lee liggaam essensiele aminosuursamesteilings. Om die idea Ie proteiene wat vir groei benodig word te definieer, is 'n ondersoek ingestel na die totale lee liggaam essensiele aminosuursamesteilings van 8 vleisbees osse (Simmetailer en Hereford kruise). Die aminosuursamesteiling van die komponente (karkas, metaboliese organe en residuele fraksie), se massa en proteien bydrae is gebruik om die totale lee liggaam aminosuursamestelling 5005 volg te bereken: arginien 6.81; histidien 2.69; isoleusien 4.02; leusien 6.96; lisien 7.43; metionien 2.01; fenielalanien 4.03; treonien 4.01; valien 5.3; triptofaan 0.82. Variasies in profiele tussen wetenskaplike verslae is gevind. Dit dui daarop dat groei en inplantings of moontlik genotipe 'n invloed op profiele kan he. Die huidige studie se liggaam aminosuurverhoudings is gebruik om die dieet aminosuurbehoeftes te skat deur evaluering van die duodenale essensiele aminosuursamesteilings van drie verskiilende mielie-gebaseerde voerkraal diete. Alhoewel daar 'n algemene toe name in die biologiese waarde van die proteien na rumen fermentasie was, het die duodenale essensiele aminosure in vergelyking met die totale lee liggaam, ongebalanseerde profiele van essensiele aminosure vir groei getoon. Die chemiese teilings toon aan dat die eerste-tot-derde-beperkende aminosure in die duodenale inhoud van vleisbeeste wat drie verskillende kommersieel beskikbare voerkraal diete ontvang het, soos volg is: histidien, lisien, metionieniarginien (Dieet 1), histidien, arginien, lisien (Dieet 2) en arginien, metionien, histidien (Dieet 3). Die ongebalanseerde aminosuur konsentrasies wat in die duodenum van die drie dlete verkry is, beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid om die intestinale lewering van aminosuurprofiele te verbeter deur verskillende nie-degradeerbare proteien bronne te voer. Die doelwit moet wees om proteien verbruik te optimaliseer en daardeur die genetiese potensiaal vir optimale groei in voerkraalbeeste te bereik. Met die simulering van aminosuurbehoeftes en vloei na die duodenum van die drie standaard voerkraal diete met behulp van die "Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System" (CNCPS), het voorspellings gewys dat lisien aminosuurvloei die metaboliseerbare toelaatbare gemiddelde daaglikse toename in Dieet 1 en 3 beperk het. Voorspelde profiele wys dat die volgorde van beperking soos volg sou wees: lisien, arginien, histidien (Dieet 1), lisien, arginien, histidien, metionien (Dieet 2)' en lisien arginien, histidien (Dieet 3). Die voorspelde profiele was in ooreenstemming met die waargeneemde duodenale waardes, behalwe vir metionien wat beperkend was in Dieet 1 en 3; die volgorde en mate van beperking was egter verskillend. Resultate wys dat voorspellingsmodelle die potensiaal het om behoeftes te voorspel. Vir die akkurate definisie van behoeftes vir spesifieke essensiele aminosuure is daar egter nog beperkinge. Uit die huidige studie, is dit duidelik dat protetenneerleqqinq deur die hoeveelheid en/of oneweredigheid van geabsorbeerde aminosure beperk is. Verdere navorsing moet dus fokus op die verkryging van In meer geskikte profiel van aminosure wat verteerbaar, opneembaar en 'n ekonomiese lewensvatbare opsie vir die voerkraalbestuurder is.
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Ptak, April Louise. "VO2 response profile in heavy intensity cycling after heavy intensity arm or leg exercise." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5441/.
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The elevated CO2 levels, elevated temperature, and lower blood pH that may occur during exercise should enhance O2 delivery to the exercising muscles. It was hypothesized that performance of prior exercise (PE) would result in a faster VO2 response, as well as a reduced slow component contribution, in subsequent exercise bouts. Five women (21 ± 1 yr) and 10 men (23 ± 2 yr) performed nine 6-min bouts of heavy intensity cycle ergometer exercise (i.e., above the ventilatory threshold, individually determined by an incremental test). Three bouts were performed without prior heavy exercise (noPE), three were performed 6 min after a 6-min bout of heavy intensity arm cranking (PEA), and three were performed 6 min after a 6-min bout of heavy intensity cycle ergometer exercise (PEL). Breath-by-breath VO2 data from each of the three sets of three tests were combined and fitted to a two-component model, which ignores the cardiodynamic phase. The primary and slow component amplitudes were truncated to reflect actual increases in VO2 in each phase. The effects of PE on the time constant of the primary component were inconsistent. As hypothesized, the amplitude of the slow component was reduced by PE (noPE vs PEA vs. PEL: 25% > 16% < 14%; p < .05). It is concluded that heavy intensity PE affects characteristics of the VO2 profile in a subsequent bout of heavy intensity leg exercise.
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Schofield, Christelle. "Activity behavior and physiological profile of advanced-stage ovarian cancer survivors." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2034.
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Background: Advanced-stage ovarian cancer survivors (OCS) often experience a multitude of disease symptoms and treatment-related side-effects. Additionally, most OCS are older, have comorbidities, are overweight or obese, and report being insufficiently physically active. Ovarian cancer survivors may benefit from exercise oncology interventions to reduce symptom-burden, manage comorbidities, minimize functional decline and maximize health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, current knowledge gaps regarding the physiological characteristics of OCS throughout the entire survivorship spectrum challenge the development of tailored exercise interventions.
Purpose: The overall purpose of this thesis was to provide a more comprehensive physiological and activity behavior profile of post-treatment advanced-stage OCS. Specifically, a cross-sectional research study was conducted to compare objectively measured activity behavior and physical function, body composition and musculoskeletal morphology, self-reported pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and HRQoL of OCS with age-matched controls. Associations between activity behavior, physiological characteristics, PFD and HRQoL for OCS were also investigated.
Methods: Twenty stage III-IV OCS and 20 age-matched controls underwent objective assessments of activity behavior (physical activity and sedentary time via 7-day accelerometry), physical function (400-meter walk to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, repeated chair rise to assess lower extremity function, 6-meter walking tests to assess gait speed and dynamic balance), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum chest press and single leg extension, and handgrip strength), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and musculoskeletal morphology (peripheral quantitative computed tomography), and completed questionnaires assessing HRQoL (SF-36) and PFD (Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire). Results: Compared to controls, OCS spent more time/day in prolonged sedentary bouts (i.e., uninterrupted sedentary bouts of ≥30 min; p = 0.039), had lower cardiorespiratory fitness (p =0.041) and upper body strength (p = 0.023), had higher areal bone mineral content (p = 0.047) and volumetric trabecular density (p = 0.048), but were not different in other measures of body composition or musculoskeletal morphology (i.e., all p-values > 0.050). Compared to controls, OCS had equivalent self-reported PFD as indicated by combined bladder, bowel and pelvic organ prolapse symptoms (p = 0.277), but worse physical HRQoL indicated by a physical composite score (p = 0.013). Only 20% (n = 4) of OCS accrued ≥150 minutes/week moderate-and-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in ≥10 min bouts. MVPA time/day in ≥10 min bouts was positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.001), lower extremity function, (p = 0.019), muscle crosssectional area (p = 0.035), less PFD (p = 0.038) and physical HRQoL (p = 0.003). Decreased physical HRQoL was associated with less MVPA (p = 0.005), more sedentary time (p = 0.047), decreased objective physical function (p-values < 0.050) and greater PFD (p = 0.043).
Conclusion: Post-treatment advanced-stage OCS spent more time in prolonged sedentary bouts, had lower cardiorespiratory fitness, upper body strength and physical HRQoL compared to agematched controls. The decreased physical HRQoL of this sample of OCS compared to controls and its associations with modifiable factors such as MVPA, sedentary time, objective physical function and PFD highlights the need for ongoing supportive care and the importance of multidisciplinary interventions, including exercise oncology interventions, beyond the completion of first-line ovarian cancer treatment.
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Rohadhia, Wafina. "Cardio-metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations following whole-body eccentric resistance training in older adults." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2203.
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Regular exercise is key to minimise the negative effects of aging on health; however, it is reported that 65% of older Australians are categorised as physically inactive. Recent studies reported that eccentric resistance training (ECC-RT) is an effective modality to produce cardio-metabolic and neuromuscular benefits for older adults. The present study tested the hypothesis that ECC-RT of several major muscle groups would produce positive changes in cardio-metabolic and neuromuscular parameters in older adults with metabolic syndrome.
Six men and 11 women aged between 60 and 80 (70.0 ± 5.0) years old with dyslipidaemia and BMI >25 kg/m2 participated in this study. It is important to note that no control group nor control period applied before the participants commenced their training. All participants performed a whole-body ECC-RT program consisting of eight exercises (i.e. chest press, lateral pulldown, leg extension, leg curl, biceps curl, triceps extension, calf raises and abdominal crunch). The training sessions were performed twice a week for 8-weeks (16 sessions in total), with progressively increasing intensity from 10-100% of the individual’s one repetition maximum (1RM) for each exercise. Physical function (400-m walk, 30-s repeated chair rise, timed up-and-go), 1RM strength for all exercises, blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride), and glycaemic control parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, fructosamine, HOMA-IR index) were measured at baseline, mid-point (after 8 training sessions), and post-training (1-2 days after the last training session). Sensory organisation (SOT), body composition and isometric (MVIC) and isokinetic concentric (MVCC) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength of the knee and elbow extensors and flexors were measured at baseline and post-training.
1RM strength increased significantly (p<0.05) for all exercises with 34–115% improvements from baseline. Physical function variables such as 400-m walk (12 ± 7%), 30-s repeated chair rise (18 ± 15%), timed up-and-go (13 ± 6%), and sensory organisation test (6 ± 8%) also showed significant improvements from baseline to post-training. However, no significant increases in isometric and isokinetic concentric MVC strength of the knee and elbow extensors and flexors were found. Although some participants showed some changes in body composition variables, no significant changes in percentage of body fat, fat mass and lean body mass were evident as a group. Total cholesterol (TC) (-5 ± 11%) and LDL-cholesterol (-8 ± 13%) decreased significantly after 4-weeks of training, and HDL-cholesterol showed a significant increase after 8-weeks (4 ± 9%), but the magnitude of changes in these variables were not large. Triglyceride (TG), fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and fructosamine did not show any significant changes over time. These results did not necessarily support the hypothesis, but were in agreement with previous studies that showed improvements in muscle strength and physical functions following ECC-RT. Interestingly, the magnitude of the changes in 1RM strength (leg extension, leg curl, triceps extension, biceps curl) did not necessarily correlate with those of MVIC and MVCC assessed by the isokinetic dynamometer for the same muscle groups (i.e. the increases in 1RM strength were much greater than that of MVIC and MVCC). Although the TC, LDL and HDL-cholesterol showed some improvements, the magnitude of the changes was not large. TG and other glycaemic control parameters did not show significant changes, although previous studies reported greater changes after ECC-RT of the knee extensors or descending stair walking training. It is interesting that the amount of muscles trained in the present study appear to be much greater than that of previous studies, but the training effects found in the present study were less. It may be that 16 sessions of whole-body ECC-RT over 8-weeks were not enough to induce large changes in some of the parameters. Thus, future studies need to examine whether ECC-RT with varying frequency, volume, intensity and duration could produce more positive changes in body composition and blood markers in older adults.
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Palermo, Jane Rizzo 1953. "Atitude com relação ao corpo, autoestima e perfil nutricional de adolescentes brasileiras." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254970.
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Orientador: Maria Aparecida Azevedo Pereira da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Entre adolescentes a insatisfação com a imagem corporal está frequentemente associada a práticas alimentares inadequadas e risco nutricional. Sabe-se que vários questionários foram criados e validados internacionalmente com o objetivo de avaliar imagem e insatisfação corporal. No entanto, ainda não há registro de uma escala desenvolvida no Brasil que, por meio de entrevistas, tenha levantado crenças, atitudes e opiniões de adolescentes brasileiras com relação ao próprio corpo e aparência física. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo desenvolver e validar uma escala de atitude com relação à imagem corporal, com foco específico em adolescentes brasileiras, e que apresentasse terminologia de autoconceito em português fundamentada em condições sociais e culturais do sudeste do país. Inicialmente, 25 adolescentes voluntárias do sexo feminino, alunas do Colégio Técnico de Campinas (COTUCA), descreveram suas crenças e opiniões sobre a forma do próprio corpo. As frases desenvolvidas por estas adolescentes foram compiladas e agrupadas de acordo com suas similaridades de conteúdo, frequência de citação e relevância para o construto estudado, resultando em um questionário formado por 30 itens positivos e negativos. O questionário foi aplicado em 25 alunas do COTUCA e 26 praticantes de musculação, que expressaram seu grau de concordância ou discordância com cada item através da escala LIKERT de 7 pontos (7 = concordo fortemente; 4 = não concordo/nem discordo; 1 = discordo fortemente). Coeficientes de correlação (r) de Pearson foram calculados para cada item, e após a exclusão ou reformulação dos itens negativos, elaborou-se um questionário de 22 itens denominado Escala de Atitude Corporal (EAC), formada por 11 afirmações negativas e 11 positivas. Para validação, a EAC foi aplicada em 127 adolescentes do sexo feminino dos cursos diurnos do Colégio Técnico de Campinas, juntamente com outros dois questionários de construtos similares: BSQ-34 (Body Shape Questionnaire; COOPER et al., 1987), e RSES (Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg; ROSENBERG, 1965), traduzidos e validados para a língua portuguesa, respectivamente por, Prieto (2001) e Dini (2000). Os valores Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Razão cintura / quadril (RCQ) e das circunferências de cintura (CC) e quadril (CQ) das respondentes foram também utilizados como instrumentos de validação da EAC. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente através de ANOVA, teste de comparação de médias de Tukey, Chi-quadrado, Kolmogorov, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, distribuição de frequência, Análise dos Componentes Principais, dentre outros, utilizando-se o programa estatístico SAS, versão 8.2. A EAC apresentou um valor Alfa-Cronbach igual a 0,81, considerado adequado para estudos desta natureza. Altos níveis de significância foram observados nas correlações entre os dados gerados pela EAC e aqueles gerados pelos demais instrumentos: BSQ-34 (p=0,01), RSES (p=0,05), IMC (p=0,01), CC (p=0,01), CQ (p=0,01) e RCQ (p=0,5). O teste reteste mostrou alto coeficiente de correlação entre a primeira e segunda aplicação (r=0,77; p=0,0001) demonstrando que a EAC apresenta boa reprodutibilidade e estabilidade temporal. Os resultados também mostraram que a EAC segmenta grupos em função de suas atitudes como relação ao corpo e, como esperado, indivíduos com valores maiores de IMC, RCQ, CC, CQ apresentaram atitudes menos positivas com relação a seus corpos, maior insatisfação corporal e autoestima mais baixa. Assim, os resultados da presente pesquisa demonstraram que a EAC apresenta boas características psicométricas, sugerindo fortemente que a EAC possui validação de construto
Abstract: Among teenagers with body image dissatisfaction is often associated with inappropriate eating habits and nutritional risk. Several questionnaires have been developed and validated internationally in order to evaluate image and body dissatisfaction among young people and adults. However, there is no record of a scale developed in Brazil that, which by means of interviews, has gathered beliefs, attitudes and opinions of Brazilian adolescents with respect to their own bodies and physical appearance. In light of such reasons, the purpose of this research is to develop and validate a scale of attitude toward the body image, focusing specifically on female adolescents in Brazil, and to produce a self-concept terminology in Portuguese language, based on social and cultural conditions of the Brazilian Southeast region. Initially 25 females adolescent volunteers, students of the Colégio Técnico de Campinas (COTUCA) described their beliefs and opinions about their bodies. The phrases developed by these adolescents were compiled and grouped according to their similarities in content, frequency of appearence and relevance to the construct studied, resulting in a questionnaire comprising 30 positive and negative items. The questionnaire was administered to 25 students from COTUCA and 26 physical exercise practitioners, who expressed their degree of agreement or disagreement with each item using 7 point Likert scale (7 = strongly agree, 4 = nor agree/neither disagree, 1 = strongly disagree). Pearson¿s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for each item, and after excluding or rewording of the negative items, a questionnaire of 22-items was elaborated, entitled Body Attitude Scale (EAC), comprised of 11 positive and 11 negative statements. For validation, the EAC was taken by 127 female adolescents from the diurnal courses of the COTUCA along with two other questionnaires of similar construct: BSQ-34 (Body Shape Questionnaire, Cooper et al., 1987) and RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale - ROSENBERG, 1965) translated and validated into the Portuguese language, by Prieto (2001) and Dini (2000), respectively. The values of the Body Mass Index (BMI), the waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist (WC) and hip (HC) circumferences values of the respondents were also used as tools to validate the EAC. The results were statiscally validated by ANOVA, Tukey¿s average test, Chi-square, Kolmogorov, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson¿s correlation coefficient, frequency distribution, Principal Component Analysis, among others, using the SAS statistical software, version 8.2. The EAC had a Cronbach Alpha-value of 0.81, which is considered adequate for studies of this field. High significance levels were observed in correlations between the data generated by the EAC and those generated by other instruments: BSQ-34 (p = 0.01), RSES (p = 0.05), BMI (p = 0.01), WC (p=0.01), HC (p=0.01) and WHR (p=0.5). The test-retest showed high correlation coefficient between the first and second application (r = 0.77, p=0.0001) showing that the EAC has good reproducibility and temporal stability. The results also showed that EAC divided groups according to their attitudes toward the body and, as expected, subjects with higher values of BMI, WHR, WC, HC values had less positive attitudes toward their bodies, body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem. Thus, the results of this research showed that the EAC has good psychometric features, strongly demonstrating that the EAC has construct validation
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Al, Ghannami Samia. "Nutritional intake, body composition, plasma lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, red blood cell fatty acid profile and behaviour of Omani school children." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1223/.
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Background: The traditional Omani diet of dates, milk, rice, brown bread, fish and vegetables has undergone considerable change, now resembling a Western diet that is high in calories, high glycaemic index carbohydrates, total fat and saturated, trans and omega 6 fatty acids, and low in omega-3 fatty acids and essential micronutrients. The available data on daily food intake and its impact on micro- and macro-nutrients are scanty in the Arab world. Obtaining these data is especially important in light of the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) - cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and respiratory diseases - which now account for more than 60% of the global disease burden and mortality, and contribute to more than 50% of annual deaths in Arabian countries, including Oman. Moreover, obesity, an antecedent of NCDs, has reached epidemic proportions in the region. Since NCDs develop gradually during the course of the lifespan, various national and international committees on NCDs have recommended that children and young adults be the primary focus of any action plan that aims to prevent and control non-communicable diseases. Specific aims: The aims of the study are: a) To assess the nutrient intake, body composition, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose and cognitive behaviour of Omani school children; b) To assess the level of Vitamin A, D, E, and Beta Carotene among the Omani school children c) To assess the level of red blood cell fatty acids of Omani school children d) To investigate the effect of fish consumption on red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and plasma fat-soluble vitamins; e) To investigate the impact of omega-3 fatty acids obtained from fish oil capsule on the red blood cell omega-3 fatty acids and plasma fat-soluble vitamins. Methods: Children ages 9 and 10 years (n = 314) were recruited from three randomly selected schools in the Muscat Governorate. The schools were assigned to a fish, fish oil, or control group and the children were accordingly provided a lightly grilled oily fish, a re-esterified triacylglycerol fish oil capsule, or no fish for 12 weeks. Baseline body weight, height and body mass index were assessed and a non-fasting blood sample collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Data on food intake were gathered using a 24-hour recall questionnaire; also collected were data on weight, height, blood pressure, triglycerides and fasting glucose. In addition, teachers completed the National Initiative for Children’s Health Quality Vanderbilt Assessment Scales-Teacher Assessment Scale to assess the prevalence and sub-types of ADHD. Results: At baseline, a significant number of the children had low levels of vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. The low levels of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids were ameliorated significantly by fish consumption and fish oil supplementation. In terms of weight, the prevalence of overweight or obesity for the total sample was 28.2% (10%, 46%) and 22.6% (8%, 38%). That is, about one fourth of the study subjects were overweight or obese. With regards to ADHD, the prevalence rate of PIS, PHIS and ADHDCIH among Omani school children was 7.3%, 3% and 8.8%, respectively. After 12 weeks intervention, the children who received fish oil (54.1±17.5 nmol/L; p < 0.001) and fish (49.2±17.4 nmol/L; p < 0.05) had elevated levels of vitamin D than those who did not (42.3±17.5 nmol/L). The fish oil (1.2±0.70 μmol/L) and fish (1.20±0.7 μmol/L) groups also had higher concentrations of beta carotene than the placebo group (0.85±0.43 μmol/L; p < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0001) and plasma triglycerides (p < 0.05) but not HDL, LDL and total cholesterol (p > 0.05) were lower in the fish oil group compared with those who were fed oily fish. Conclusions: This study provides important and underreported data on nutrient intake levels by school children in Arab world. For the first time, these data will be available as a benchmark for future research and health programs in the region. A large number of boys and girls had diets that failed to provide the recommended levels of daily nutrients. This study also indicates that ADHD is relatively common among Omani school children; additional studies are needed to assess the generalisability of these findings. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in Omani school children, but can be mitigated with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. This study also provides evidence that Omani pre-adolescents have a low level n-3 fatty acid index that can be ameliorated by fish oil supplementation or consumption of oily fish. Hence, there is a need for a child-focused program of food fortification, school feeding programmes, targeted intervention with n-3 fatty acid enriched food products, family nutrition education and outdoor activities to alleviate the problem.
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Mor, Ron. "The influence of resistance-training programme on HbAâ‚c, blood lipid profile, and body composition on older people with type 2 diabetes." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.478893.
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Pedini, Daniela Marie. "Use of repeated tests and rolling breath averages affects the precision of quantifying the VO2 response profile in moderate intensity cycling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5351/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether working in the field of deaf education, as opposed to general education, results in a higher level of technology integration. A secondary goal was to determine if deaf educators who are deaf integrate technology at a higher level than their hearing counterparts. The instrument chosen for this study was the LoTi Technology Use Profile, a tool used to explore the role of technology in the classroom. A total of 92 participates were included in the study of which 48 were regular educators and 44 were deaf educators. The participants were selected from a population pool whereby teachers were presumably pre-disposed to using technology based upon their attendance at a technology training session in the form of a conference or a class. Deaf educators as a whole did not perform as well as general educators on the LoTi scales. Given the fact that the technology-minded general educators who comprised the sample population of this study scored exceptionally high on the LoTi scales, further research is needed to ensure comparability between the two groups. The findings of the current study do suggest, though, that deaf educators who are deaf have the potential to integrate technology to a greater degree than deaf educators who are hearing. Thus, a primary recommendation is to conduct a national LoTi survey of typical, rather than technology-minded, deaf educators as a comparison to the 2004 national survey of typical general educators.
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Augrom, Faith Melissa. "The effects of Lamin A/C C1908T polymorphism on body composition, plasma lipoprotein lipid profile and insulin sensitivity changes with aerobic exercise training." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3050.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Attema, Rikst. "Body composition, metabolic profile and fitness in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus following a 6-month exercise intervention: A gender comparison." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26568.
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We compared changes in thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA), strength, VO2peak, and HbA1c following aerobic training (A), resistance training (R), or their added combination (AR) in 115 sedentary type 2 diabetic men and women. Participants aged 40 to 70 years, mean BMI of 33.5 kg/m2, were randomly assigned to 6 months of 3x/wk A only (17 M, 11 W), R only (17 M, 11 W), combined AR (17 M; 12 W), and waiting-list control (C) (17 M, 13 W). All exercising men increased mid-thigh CSA (all p < 0.05). Mean increases in VO2peak were exhibited in A and AR men (8.4% and 7.3%; p < 0.05). Strength increases were similar for exercising men and women. Absolute HbA1c decreased in AR men (1.22%) and women (0.62%), and A men (0.80%) (all p < 0.05). R men exhibited a greater relative reduction in HbA1c as compared to R women (p = 0.033 between sexes). Exercising men had modestly greater improvements in HbA1c than women.
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Dittmann, Katherine R. "Body composition, metabolic profile and fitness in older versus younger type 2 diabetic participants to six months of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or combined aerobic and resistance exercise." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10713.
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In previous research, resistance exercise reduced HbA1c primarily in studies of older type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects (age>55), while aerobic exercise reduced HbA1c primarily in studies of relatively younger subjects. We compared changes in HbA1c, fitness and body composition in response to 6 months of exercise training in older (55-70 yrs: n= 53) vs. younger (40-54 yrs: n=44) T2DM participants in a randomized trial. Previously inactive T2DM subjects were randomized to aerobic exercise (A; progressing to 45min at 75% HR max, n=24), resistance exercise (R; 2-3 sets of 8-12 RM, n=23), combination aerobic and resistance training (AR; n=25) or a waiting control-list group (C; n=25). Each exercise group trained 3x/wk for 6 months. Strength testing was done using an 8 repetition maximum (RM) protocol for seated row, leg press and bench press. V02peak was assessed using graded treadmill protocols to volitional fatigue. A single cut CT scan was used to quantitate abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat and mid-thigh muscle cross-section. All tests were performed at baseline and 6-months. The responses of older and younger subjects did not differ significantly on any measure. A1c decreased from 8.0% to 7.1% in younger A, and from 7.4% to 6.7% in older A. In AR decreases were similar: 7.9% to 6.8% in younger AR, 7.8% to 6.8% in older AR. A1c changed little in R: 7.8% to 7.7% in younger R, 7.7 to 7.3% in older R. No significant change in HbA1c occurred in either older or younger subjects in C. Mean increases in VO2peak for A were 6.9% in old and 7.4% in young and for AR were 7.6% in old and 4.9% in young. Strength increased in AR by 47.5%, 51.0% and 37.9% in young and 41.1%, 46.0% and 30.4% in young for bench press, leg press and seated row respectively. The R young group improved by 68.6%, 86.2% and 47.6% and the old by 44.3%, 72.3% and 31.9% for bench press, leg press and seated row respectively. The aerobic only group also improved in strength. Neither VO2peak nor strength changed significantly in C. Therefore, older (55-70 years old) and younger (40-54 year old) T2DM subjects responded similarly to aerobic, resistance or combined exercise in terms of glycemic control, strength, and aerobic fitness.
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Martins, Karine Anusca. "Avaliação da composição corporal de mulheres recém-diagnosticadas com câncer de mama." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2872.
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Introduction: Body composition modification, mainly the increase in total body fat, which is related to a number of illnesses, is an important public health problem, is quite prevalent in breast cancer patents and is directly associated with a negative prognosis for the illness. Objective: To evaluate the body composition, of total body fat and its distribution and lipid profile of women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, at two referral centers in Goiânia, Goiás. Methodology: (Article 1) A cross-sectional, cohort nested study. (Article 2). A case-control study, with 1:1 pairing, carried out in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The data were collected through interviews based on questionnaire, with 62 women, a socio-demographic characterization and an evaluation of body composition using anthropometry including skinfolds (SF) and circumferences, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasonography (USG), besides the evaluation of lipid profile. Were carried an data tabulation (Excel/2003) and analysis (SPSS program, version 8.0) and (STATA, Intercooled Stata 8) and were used descriptive statistics. Was used in the data analyses: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ??t?? test, chi-square for tendency, (Mann-Whitney U), Pearson??s chi-square, Fisher??s exact test, and Yates?? correction, odds ratio, Pearson??s correlation coefficient (r), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and determination index (r2). The level of significance was: p < 0.05. Results: Compared with the controls, women with breast cancer (cases) had lower stature (1.56m±5.68) and (1.59m±6.92); greater body fat as measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) (39.87% ±8.26) and (36.00%±6.85) and (63.98%±6.87); and larger tricipital skinfolds (27.55mm±8.37) and (22.81mm±5.72), respectively. Seventeen (54.84%) cases and 19 (61.29%) controls presented increased abdominal adiposity and 20 (64.52%) of cases and 22 (70.97%) of controls were overweight (BMI ? 25.0 Kg/m2). A moderate concordance (CCC=0.59; r2=0.42; p<0.01) was identified between the methods (BIA and sum of skinfolds - ?SF) for determining body fat (%) and optimal concordance (r2=0.90; CCC=0.91; p<0.01) for body fat (Kg). The comparison between the methods of evaluation body fat distribuition (Waist Circumference (WC) and intra-abdominal thickness (IAT) for (USG) evidenced a moderate concordance (r2=0.49; p<0.01), between the methods. No association was found between the lipid profile and breast cancer occurrence. Conclusions: Women with breast cancer presented lower stature, a greater percentage of body fat and and larger tricipital skinfolds than women without cancer. A moderate concordance, between the methods used in determining total body fat (%) and a optimal concordance in determining body fat (Kg) were found. A moderate concordance were found between the methods in determining body fat distribution (IAT x WC).
Introdução: A modificação da composição corporal, principalmente o aumento da gordura corporal total, que se relaciona com diversas enfermidades, é um importante problema de saúde pública, e bastante prevalente nos pacientes com câncer de mama e se associa diretamente ao mau prognóstico da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar a composição corporal, a gordura corporal total e sua distribuição e o perfil lipídico de mulheres recém-diagnosticadas com câncer de mama, em dois centros de referência, em Goiânia, Goiás. Metodologia: (Artigo 1) Estudo transversal, aninhado a uma coorte. (Artigo 2) Estudo caso-controle, com pareamento de 1:1, realizado em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista direta com 62 mulheres, com caracterização sociodemográfica, avaliação da composição corporal por antropometria, incluindo dobras cutâneas (DC) e circunferências, bioimpedância (BIA) e ultrassonografia (USG), além da avaliação do perfil lipídico. Foram realizadas a tabulação (Excel/2003) e análises dos dados (SPSS, versão 8.0) e (STATA, Intercooled Stata 8), e, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Utilizou-se na análise dos dados: Teste de Kolmogorov-smirnov (distribuição normal das variáveis), teste ??t??, Qui-quadrado de tendência (U de Mann-Whitney), Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Teste Exato de Fisher e Correção de Yates, ??odds ratio??, coeficiente de determinação (r2) e o coeficiente de correlação de concordância (CCC). Considerou-se o nível de significância: p<0,05. Resultados: Comparadas aos controles, mulheres com câncer de mama (casos) apresentaram menor estatura (1,56m±5,68 e 1,59m±6,92); maior gordura corporal, avaliada por BIA (39,87% ±8,26 e 36,00%±6,85) e maior dobra cutânea tricipital (27,55mm±8,37 e 22,81mm±5,72), respectivamente. Dezessete (54,84%) casos e 19 (61,29%) controles apresentaram adiposidade abdominal aumentada e ambos apresentavam excesso de peso, sendo 20 (64,52%) casos e 22 (70,97%) controles. Identificou-se concordância moderada (CCC=0,59; r2=0,42) entre os métodos (BIA e somatório das dobras cutâneas - ?DC) de avaliação da gordura corporal (%) e ótima concordância (CCC=0,91; r2=0,90) para a gordura corporal (Kg). A comparação entre os métodos de avaliação da distribuição da gordura corporal (Circunferência da Cintura - CC e Espessura Intra-abdominal - EIA por USG) evidenciou-se concordância moderada (r2=0,49), entre os métodos. Não foi encontrada associação entre o perfil lipídico e a ocorrência de câncer de mama. Conclusões: Mulheres com câncer de mama apresentaram menor estatura, maior porcentagem de gordura corporal e maior dobra cutânea tricipital que mulheres sem câncer. Encontrou-se concordância moderada, entre os métodos utilizados na avaliação da gordura corporal (%) e ótima concordância para a gordura corporal (Kg). Identificou-se moderada concordância entre os métodos de distribuição da gordura corporal de mulheres (EIA x CC).
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Fogaça, Kelly Cristina Pagotto [UNESP]. "Investigação de fatores ligados à recuperação de peso em mulheres no pós-cirúrgico tardio de gastroplastia com derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104041.
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A cirurgia bariátrica é apontada como um dos mais efetivos, se não o único recurso terapêutico para obesidade mórbida. Entretanto, a recuperação de peso vem sendo foco de atenção nesses pacientes, especialmente após um ou mais anos de cirurgia; sendo que seus efeitos, magnitude e causas necessitam ser estudados. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a relação de fatores ligados ao consumo e gasto energético com a variação do peso corporal de mulheres em pós-cirúrgico tardio de Derivação Gástrica em Y-de-Roux (DGYR). Foi realizado um estudo transversal do qual participaram 45 mulheres, com idades entre 26 e 61 anos, operadas por derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux há mais de 24 meses, assistidas na Clínica Bariátrica do Hospital Fornecedores de Cana, Piracicaba – SP. Foi avaliado o consumo alimentar e o gasto energético com atividades físicas a partir do recordatório de 3 dias, a taxa de metabolismo em repouso (TMR) por calorimetria indireta e as concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina e leptina. Para efeito de análise, as mulheres foram agrupadas quanto à recuperação de peso corporal (NR = não recuperação; R = recuperação > 10% do menor peso após a cirurgia), ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) em Não Obesas (NO - IMC < 30 kg/m²) e Obesas (O - IMC > 30 kg/m²) e pela percentagem da Perda do Excesso de Peso (PPEP) Baixa (PPEP < 50%), Moderada (PPEP entre 50% e 75%) e Alta (PPEP > 75%). Para a comparação dos resultados entre os grupos foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste de Dunn. As correlações entre as variáveis foram testadas pelo coeficiente de Spearman. As análises foram realizadas considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Não foi encontrada relação dos indicadores de perda e manutenção de peso (recuperação de peso, IMC e PPEP) e o consumo de nutrientes. O perfil geral de consumo...
Bariatric surgery is pointed out as one of the most effective, if not the only therapeutic resource to treat morbid obesity. However, there has been growing attention to the weight regain seen in bariatric surgery patients, especially one or more years after surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with energy consumption and expenditure and body weight variation in the late postoperative period of women who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). A cross-sectional study was done with 45 women aged 26 to 61 years who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at least 24 months earlier, being treated at the Bariatric Clinic of the Hospital Fornecedores de Cana, Piracicaba, SP. The following were investigated: food intake and energy expenditure with physical activities (3-day recall), resting energy expenditure - REE (indirect calorimetry) and serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin. The women were grouped according to the following for analysis: amount of weight regained (NR = no regain; R = regained >10% of the lowest weight achieved after surgery); body mass index (BMI) into non-obese (NO-BMI < 30kg/m2) and Obese (O – BMI > 30 kg/m2); and percentage of excess weight lost (PEWL) into Low (PEWL < 50%), Moderate (50% < PEWL < 75%) and High (PEWL > 75%). The results of the groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by the Dunn test. The correlations between the variables were tested with the Spearman’s coefficient. The level of significance was set at 5%. There was no relationship between weight loss and maintenance indicators (weight regain, BMI and PEWL) and nutrient intake. The general food intake profile did not vary among the volunteers but there was a positive correlation between carbohydrate intake... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Faicari, Liliany de Magalhães 1984. "Composição corporal e perfil antropométrico de pré-escolares e escolares de escolas particulares de Campinas/SP = Body composition and anthropometric profile of preschool and school private schools in Campinas / SP." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310400.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lilia Freire Rodrigues de Souza LiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O estado nutricional é um reflexo de diversos fatores que vão além da alimentação e exercem certa influência sobre a saúde de uma população. A avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal de uma criança são importantes indicadores do crescimento progressivo, permitindo identificar precocemente risco de morbidades como desnutrição e obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a composição corporal e o perfil antropométrico de pré-escolares e escolares em escolas particulares em Campinas/SP e verificar se havia diferença destas prevalências entre os dois grupos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal e analítico. Utilizando medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal foi avaliado o estado nutricional em alunos de 2 a 10 anos medindo: peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e do braço, dobra cutânea triciptal e subescapular. A partir destas variáveis foram calculados z-score de IMC/I, P/I, A/I, e soma das dobras cutâneas. A associação e risco de obesidade e desnutrição entre os grupos estudados (pré-escolar e escolar) utilizando as diferentes variáveis foi analisadas através do Teste de Qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fischer, Odds Ratio e intervalo de confiança. Resultados: Foram avaliados 509 alunos com idade média e desvio padrão respectivamente de 5,54±2,2 anos, sendo 65% pré-escolares. As prevalências de sobrepeso e de obesidade bem como de desnutrição, variaram significativamente entre as avaliações antropométricas. Utilizando o IMC, 29% dos pré-escolares e 45% dos escolares apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade, com uma chance maior dos escolares de apresentarem sobrepeso e obesidade (OR 1,98, IC95% 1,33-2,94) enquanto que apenas 1,5% dos pré-escolares e 0,6% dos escolares foram classificados como desnutridos. No grupo pré-escolar 56% apresentavam eutrofia para massa magra pela AMB, e 27% excesso de adiposidade pela AAB. No grupo dos escolares 51% dos estavam com excesso de adiposidade pela AAB, e 46% dentro da normalidade para AMB. Conclusão: Concluímos que pelos índices de IMC para idade houve um risco aumentado de obesidade entre os escolares, ainda mais alto do que estudos referenciados, sugerindo que a prevalência de obesidade encontra-se ainda em xii ascensão em nossa população. Além disso, uma prevalência considerável de excesso de adiposidade foi encontrada em ambos os grupos
Abstract: Introduction: Nutritional status is a reflection of many factors beyond the food intake and exert some influence on the health of a population. Anthropometric and body composition of a child are important indicators of progressive growth, allowing early identification of risk for morbidities such as malnutrition and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess body composition and anthropometric profile of preschool and school children in private schools in Campinas / SP and investigate if there was a difference between the prevalence of these two groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Using anthropometric measurements and body composition was assessed the nutritional status of students 2-10 years old measuring weight, height, arm and waist circumference, triceps skinfold and subscapular. From these variables were calculated z-score of BMI / A, W / A / I, and sum of skinfolds. The association and risk of obesity and malnutrition among the groups (pre-school and school) using the different variables was analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, odds ratio and confidence interval. Results: A total of 509 students with a mean age and standard deviation of 5.54 ± 2.2 years respectively were evaluated, and 65% were preschool children. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and malnutrition, varied significantly between anthropometric assessments. Using the BMI, 29% of preschoolers and 45% of students were overweight or obese, with a lower chance of schoolers being overweight and obesity (OR 1,98, 95% CI 1,33 to 2,94) while only 1.5% of preschool children and 0.6% of students were classified as malnourished. In the preschool group 56% presented eutrophy for lean mass, and 27% excess adiposity by AAB. In the group of the students, 51% were with excess adiposity by AAB, and 46% within normal ranges for AMB. Conclusion: We conclude that using the BMI for age there was an increased risk of obesity among school children, even higher than referenced studies, xiv suggesting that the prevalence of obesity is still on the rise in our population. Furthermore, considerable prevalence of obesity was found in both groups
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestra em Ciências
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Botelho, Adriana Prais. "Ácido linoléico conjugado : efeito sobre o perfil lipidico e a composição corporal em ratos e humanos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255059.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Mario Roberto Maróstica JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA), conjunto de isômeros de posição e geométricos do ácido linoléico com duplas ligações conjugadas, origina-se no rúmen por meio da biohidrogenação incompleta de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados provenientes da dieta e pela dessaturação do ácido graxo C18:1 trans-11. O CLA parece exercer os seguintes efeitos benéficos no organismo humano: modulação do sistema imune, potencialização da mineralização óssea, prevenção e tratamento do diabetes mellitus não insulinodependente, redução da aterosclerose e alterações na composição corporal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da suplementação em cápsula com ácido linoléico conjugado e do consumo de leite enriquecido com este mesmo composto sobre o perfil lipídico e a composição corporal por meio de ensaio biológico com ratos Wistar machos saudáveis em crescimento e por meio de ensaio clínico em indivíduos do sexo masculino com sobrepeso e obesidade grau I. Para o ensaio biológico foram utilizados 100 ratos. Destes, 20 animais foram destinados ao grupo de referência (T0) e os demais, divididos em 4 grupos. Os animais foram suplementados diariamente ou consumiram dieta enriquecida com óleo de cártamo e CLA na concentração de 2 % sobre o consumo diário de dieta, constituindo respectivamente os grupos SP (suplementado placebo), SE (suplementado experimental), EP (enriquecido placebo) e EE (enriquecido experimental). As análises foram realizadas no início (T0) e ao final de 4 e 8 semanas, caracterizando T1 e T2, respectivamente. Para o ensaio clínico 53 indivíduos foram divididos em 4 grupos, que receberam 3 cápsulas ao dia de óleo de cártamo ou CLA, constituindo os grupos suplementado placebo (SP) e suplementado experimental (SE), respectivamente; ou consumiram 500 mL de leite semi-desnatado ao dia, sem adição de CLA ou enriquecido com 0,6 % de CLA, constituindo os grupos enriquecido placebo (EP) e enriquecido experimental (EE), respectivamente. As análises foram realizadas no início (T0), ao final de 6 (T1) e 12 (T2) semanas. A aceitação e a intenção de compra do leite enriquecido com CLA foram realizadas por meio de escala hedônica não estruturada de 9 cm e escala de 5 pontos, respectivamente. A ingestão de dieta, ganho de peso e eficiência alimentar, assim como o peso do fígado, coração e rins dos ratos não foram alterados após o consumo de CLA. O consumo de CLA não alterou os valores de triacilglicerol e colesterol total séricos após 4 e 8 semanas. Já os teores de HDL-colesterol dos animais aumentaram em 56 % após 4 semanas de suplementação com ácido linoléico conjugado. Com relação aos valores de glicemia e insulina plasmáticas dos ratos, houve redução de 23,7 % e 10,4 %, respectivamente, após 4 semanas de experimentação nos grupos que receberam CLA por meio de entubação orogástrica, em comparação ao consumo deste composto por meio de dieta. O consumo de CLA também não alterou a carga máxima e o conteúdo de Ca e P dos ratos. A densidade óssea dos animais cujo consumo de CLA foi advindo da dieta, aumentou em 17 % quando comparado ao grupo que consumiu o composto por meio entubação orogástrica após 4 semanas. Com relação a composição corporal, seja no ensaio biológico ou no ensaio clínico, o consumo de ácido linoléico conjugado, seja na forma de suplementação ou por meio da dieta/leite enriquecido, não apresentou resultados favoráveis, os quais são compatíveis aos resultados de perfil hormonal e expressão gênica. Houve redução das concentrações de glicose e insulina plasmáticas e dos valores de HOMA-IR dos voluntários que receberam cápsulas de CLA em comparação com os que receberam placebo. Os resultados a respeito do perfil bioquímico e hemograma não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Os leites semidesnatados com e sem adição de CLA não diferiram sensorialmente, segundo os atributos: aparência, aroma, sabor e impressão global. Este resultado foi confirmado pela positiva intenção de compra demonstrada pelos provadores. Tendo em vista os resultados encontrados, pôde-se concluir que o consumo de ácido linoléico conjugado não apresentou efeito sobre a composição corporal e sobre os teores de triacilglicerol e colesterol total séricos, mas atuou positivamente sobre os valores de glicemia e insulina plasmáticas nos ensaios biológico e clínico
Abstract: The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a set of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds, can originate in the rumen by biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the diet and also by desaturation of C18:1 trans-11 fatty acid. Consumption of CLA exert beneficial effects in humans: modulation of the immune system, enhancement of bone mineralization, prevention and treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, reduction of atherosclerosis and changes in body composition. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of of supplementing the diet of with conjugated linoleic acid capsule and the consumption of milk fortified with the same compound on lipid profile and body composition by means of biological assay with male healthy growing Wistar rats through testing clinical males overweight and obese grade I. For the biological assay were used 100 rats. Of these, 20 animals were used as reference group (T0) and the others divided into four groups. The animals were supplemented daily or fed diet enriched with safflower oil and CLA concentration of 2 % of your daily diet, constituting respectively the groups SP (placebo supplemented), SE (supplemented experimental), EP (enriched placebo) and EE (enriched experimental). Analyses were performed at baseline (T0) and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks, featuring T1 and T2, respectively. For the clinical assay 53 individuals were divided into four groups and received three capsules per day of safflower oil or CLA, providing the following groups: supplemented placebo (SP) and supplemented experimental (SE), respectively, or consumed 500 mL of semi-skimmed milk daily without the addition of CLA, or enriched with 0.6 % of CLA constituting the groups enriched placebo (EP) and experimental enrichment (EE), respectively. Analyses were performed at baseline (T0), after 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) weeks. Acceptance and purchase intent of milk enriched with CLA were performed using an unstructured hedonic scale of 9 cm and a 5-point scale, respectively. The dietary intake, weight gain and feed efficiency, as well as liver weight, heart and kidneys of mice were not altered after consumption of CLA. The consumption of CLA did not alter the values of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol after 4 and 8 weeks, whereas the levels of HDL-cholesterol of the animals increased by 56 % after 4 weeks of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid. With respect to blood glucose and plasma insulin of the mice, a reduction of 23.7 % and 10.4 % respectively after 4 weeks of experimentation in the groups receiving CLA by orogastric intubation, compared with the dietary consumption of this compound. The consumption of CLA did not alter the maximum load and the Ca and P contents of the rats. The bone density of animals whose consumption of CLA was coming from the diet increased by 17 % compared to the group that consumed the compound through orogastric intubation after 4 weeks. Regarding body composition, either in biological assay or clinical trial, consumption of conjugated linoleic acid, either as supplements or through diet/enriched milk did not show favorable results, in agreement with the results of hormonal and gene expression. There was a reduction in the concentrations of glucose and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR values of volunteers given capsules of CLA compared with those receiving placebo. The results regarding the biochemical and blood count did not change significantly. The semi-skimmed milk with and without addition of CLA did not differ according to the sensory attributes of appearance, aroma, flavor and overall impression. This result was confirmed by positive purchase intent demonstrated by the panelists. In view of these results, it was concluded that consumption of conjugated linoleic acid had no effect on body composition and on the levels of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, but acted positively on levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin in biological and clinical assays
Doutorado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Fernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodrigues. "Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22363.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Biomedicina MolecularPhysical inactivity is a major risk for obesity. This chronic disease results from a caloric imbalance causing an enlargement of adipocytes by excessive fat storage. With an increasing prevalence, childhood obesity is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress conducting to the development of other diseases not only in children but also during adulthood. In other hand, numerous children practice exercise of high duration or intensity in high competition sports, which can have harmful effects at physical, physiological and psychological level. In high competition young athletes, oxidative stress and immunosuppression can happen leading to an elevated risk of infection. However, an improved lipid profile is found in childhood athletes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of childhood obesity as well as intense swimming training in body composition, inflammation and lipid profile, through blood analysis, bioimpedance and immunodetection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TWEAK), a myokine (Myostatin) and an acute-phase protein (CRP). For that, 24 young people were recruited into three groups: obese, athlete and lean. The obese group had high levels of body fat, an atypical lipid profile (low HDL and high LDL), high levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood indicating tissue damage, chronic inflammation (high IL-6, CRP and TWEAK) and low muscle mass (high Myostatin) without muscle damage (low CK). However, low serum levels of hepatic enzyme (AST and ALT) in these obese children do not associate obesity with liver disease. In other hand, intense physical exercise is not a harmfull activity for young athletes, since the lipid profile is improved and the increased levels of inflammatory markers is not significant. The main benefit of intensive training is the decreased levels of glucose being a protective role for diabetes.
A inatividade física é um dos principais riscos para a obesidade. Esta doença crónica resulta de um desiquilíbrio calórico causando um alargamento dos adipócitos através do excesso de armazenamento de gordura. Com um aumento da prevalência, a obesidade infantil correlaciona-se com a disfunção endotelial, inflamação e stress oxidativo, conduzindo ao desenvolvimento de outras doenças não só em criança, mas também durante a idade adulta. Por outro lado, muitas crianças praticam exercício de elevada duração ou intensidade em desportos de alta competição, o que pode ter efeitos prejudiciais a nível físico, fisiológico e psicológico. Em jovens atletas de alta competição, stress oxidativo e imunossupressão podem ocorrer levando ao elavado risco de infeção. No entanto, perfis lipídicos melhorados são encontrados em crianças atletas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analizar o impacto da obesidade infantil bem como de treinos intensivos de natação na composição corporal, inflamação e perfil lipídico através de análises ao sangue, bioimpedância e imunodeteção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-6 e TWEAK), uma miocina (Miostatina) e uma proteina de fase aguda (CRP). Para tal, foram recrutados 24 jovens divididos em três grupos: obesos, atletas e normoponderais. O grupo de obesos apresentou elevados níveis de gordura corporal, um perfil lipídico atípico (baixo HDL e elevado LDL), níveis elevados de lactato desidrogenase no sangue indicando dano tecidual, inflamação crónica (elevado IL-6, CRP e TWEAK) e massa muscular diminuida (elevada Miostatina) sem dano muscular (baixo CK). No entanto os baixos níveis de enzimas hepáticas (AST e ALT) no soro não associam a obesidade com doença hepática. Por outro lado, o exercício físico intenso não é uma atividade prejudicial para os jovens atletas, uma vez que o perfil lipídico é melhorado e o aumento dos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios não é significativo. O principal benefício do treino intensivo é a diminuição dos níveis de glucose tendo um papel protetor para a diabetes.
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Racha, Maria João da Costa. "Hormona estrogénio (B- Estradiol) e de testosterona, como fatores responsáveis por alterações no perfil lipídico e composição corporal, em jovens do sexo masculino que realizam atividade física vigorosa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18004.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças cardiovasculares, são um problema à escala mundial
tornando-se imperativo adotar medidas preventivas. A prática da atividade física e uma
alimentação equilibrada têm sido apontadas como estratégias para adquirir benefícios
cardiovasculares OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da Hormona Estrogénio (E2) e de
Testosterona (T), no perfil lipídico e composição corporal, em atletas de alta competição
do sexo masculino, por ser o género com maior prevalência de doença cardiovascular.
METODOLOGIA: Foram selecionados 42 indivíduos do sexo masculino, dos quais 20
são jogadores de futebol profissionais (15-18 anos) e pertencem ao grupo de desportistas
(GD) e como grupo controlo (GC), 22 alunos da universidade (18-28 anos), onde 59.09%
dos alunos tinha um estilo de vida sedentário e 40.9% eram suficientemente ativos. O GD
treina 2 vezes por dia, 4 vezes por semana (duração entre os 60 e 90 minutos cada), e
disputam um jogo de futebol ao fim de semana. Estes atletas são igualmente sujeitos a um
controlo dietético. Foram avaliadas medidas antropométricas e realizadas analises clinicas.
No GC foi aplicado o IPAQ.RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se diferenças significativas
entre os grupos, principalmente nas pregas cutâneas, abdominal e subescapular (GD
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Pereira, Anirene Galvão Tavares. "Nellore meat quality and genomics." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-01082016-181552/.
Full textAbstract:
This study was developed in order to explore chromosomal regions associated with carcass and meat traits in Nellore cattle breed, identifying metabolic and genetic pathways related to its characteristics expression, as well as generate additional phenotypes for future genome association studies, in order to fully describe parameters related to final product quality. Thereunto, 995 bulls were genotyped for more than 770,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were evaluated for body weight at birth, weight gain at weaning and yearling, conformation, finishing precocity and muscling at weaning and yearling. These traits are correlated, therefore, genomic mapping method were applied in order to identify pleiotropic regions. Results highlighted previously described genomic regions associated to beef cattle weight gain and growth traits, particularly PLAG1 gene, sheltered by the most significantly associated marker region, which in other studies were associated to weight, height and sexual precocity in Nellore breed. To evaluate carcass and meat quality traits, 576 young bulls were evaluated for hot carcass weight, ribeye area, fat thickness, pH 24 hours after slaughter and color parameters (L*, a*, b*), for shearing force, dripping and cooking loss, evaluations were performed for different maturation times (7, 14 and 21 days). Animals were genotyped on two platforms, Illumina® BovineHD BeadChip (HD) and Bovine GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler ™ HD Illumina Infinium® (GGP). Animals genotyped at a lower density (GGP) were imputed to high density chip (HD). Shear force, dripping and cooking loss measures which relates to meat tenderness, were associated to cytoskeleton structure and proteolytic enzymes activity, pointing to serine/serpin enzyme complex as main candidates for regulate proteolysis and muscle fiber structure degradation. Were performed an evaluation of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum intramuscular fat content of 148 animals. It was approached by a human health perspective where samples received a classification regarding fatty acids effects on human organism (\"beneficial\", \"evil\" or \"neutral\"), as well as provided phenotypic information for future genome association studies. The identification of 42 fatty acids and 16 indexes, generated detailed information on these animals\' meat fat composition. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that large variation proportion between samples fat composition occurs due to expression differences among desaturase and elongase enzymes. Thus, it is expected that generated data, information and knowledge hereby, can assist animal breeding programs to improve Brazilian herds according meat chain interests.O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de explorar regiões cromossômicas associadas à características de carcaça e carne em bovinos da raça Nelore, explorar suas funções em vias metabólicas e gênicas relacionadas às manifestações dessas características, assim como gerar novos fenótipos para futuros estudos de associação genômica, com vistas a descrever, de forma completa, as características relacionadas à qualidade do produto final. Para isso, 995 animais machos não castrados, genotipados para mais de 770.000 marcadores de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP), foram avaliados quanto ao peso corporal ao nascimento, ganho de peso à desmama e ao sobre ano, conformação, precocidade de terminação e musculosidade à desmama e ao sobre ano. Como estas características são correlacionadas, foram aplicadas metodologias de mapeamento genômico com o objetivo de identificar regiões pleiotrópicas. Os resultados destacaram regiões do genoma bovino que contêm genes descritos por influenciarem em características de crescimento e ganho de peso nestes animais, com destaque para o gene PLAG1, pertencente à região do marcador mais significativo associado aos fenótipos, anteriormente associado ao peso, altura e precocidade sexual em animais dessa raça. Para acessar atributos de qualidade de carcaça e carne, 576 machos não castrados foram avaliados quanto ao peso de carcaça quente, área de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, pH após 24 horas do abate, cor (L*, a*, b*) e perdas de peso por exsudação e cozimento e força de cisalhamento em diferentes tempos de maturação (7, 14 e 21 dias). Os animais foram genotipados em duas plataformas, Illumina® BovineHD BeadChip (HD) e GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler Bovine HD™ Illumina Infinium® (GGP), sendo os genótipos deste último imputados para o conjunto de maior densidade. As avaliações de perdas de peso por exsudação e cozimento e força de cisalhamento, utilizada para mensurar maciez, revelam a influencia da estrutura do citoesqueleto e da ação das enzimas proteolíticas, apontando o complexo enzimático serinas/serpinas como candidato na regulação do processo de proteólise e degradação da estrutura da fibra muscular. Foi realizada avaliação dos ácidos graxos no músculo Longissimus thoracis et lumborum de 148 animais com vistas à classificação das amostras quanto aos efeitos esperados no organismo humano (\"benéfico\", \"maléfico\" ou \"neutro\"), assim como prover informação fenotípica para futuros estudos de associação genômica. A identificação de 42 ácidos graxos e 16 índices gerou informação detalhada sobre a gordura presente na carne destes animais, sendo observado, por análise de componentes principais (PCA), que a maior variação entre a composição das amostras avaliadas parece ser em decorrência da diferença de expressão das enzimas elongases e dessaturases. Dessa forma, espera-se que os dados, informações e conhecimento gerados por este trabalho, possam auxiliar os programas de melhoramento genético animal a aprimorar o rebanho brasileiro segundo características de interesse da cadeia produtiva de carne.
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Jelena, Sente. "МЕТАБОЛИЧКИ СИНДРОМ И ПРОГРАМИРАНО ФИЗИЧКО ВЕЖБАЊЕ КОД ЈУВЕНИЛНЕ ГОЈАЗНОСТИ." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Novom Sadu, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=112590&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Преваленца гојазности и метаболичког синдрома у јувенилној популацији једраматично у порасту и представља јавно-здравствени проблем у целом свету.Гојазност, нарочито висцералног типа, је кључни аспект за појаву метаболичкогсиндрома или појединих његових компоненти у млађој популацији. Оваква патолошкастања доводе до појаве низ компликација као и фактора ризика за настанаккардиоваскуларних обољења и дијабетеса типа II, касније у адултној доби. Циљ овестудије био је да се утврде ефекти програма физичке активности и хипокалоријскеисхране на антропометријске, конституционалне, метаболичке и кардиоваскуларнепараметре код гојазне деце, имајући у виду да је за настанак гојазности управоодговоран животни стил у смислу неадекватне исхране и хипокинезије код младих. Уту сврху креиран је упитник на основу ког смо дoбили увид о животним навикамаиспитаника и закључили да се ради о гојазној јувенилној популацији, са врло малоквалитативног уноса хранљивих материја и физички неактивном у великој мери.Такође присутна је и генетска предиспонираност за кардиоваскуларне и метаболичкеболести, на шта нам указује породична анамнеза. Програм физичке активности идијететског режима, прилагођен узрасној групи испитаника од 11-14 година ± 0.5 год,био је краткорочног карактера у трајању од три месеца. У циљу провере ефектамултидисциплинарног третмана, сви испитивани параметри су мерени у три временскетачке (иницијално, трансверзално и финално мерење). Дескриптивне резултати у светри групе испитиваних параметара показују статистички значајне промене код свихиспитаника у све три временске, као и резултати једнофакторске униваријантне анализеваријансе (ANOVA) за поновљена мерења (one-way repeated measures ANOVA) за Sig.<0,05. Телесна маса и обими трбуха су значајно редуковани као и сви остали параметрициркуларне димензионалности и поткожног масног ткива, исхрањености иконституције. Код физиолошких показатеља метаболичког синдрома такође је дошлодо редукције и позитивних промена. Потврда је добијена мултиваријатном анализомваријансе за поновљена мерења (One-way repeated measures MANOVA) за Sig.<0,05,дате тестом Wilk’s Lambda, чиме смо потврдили значајан ефекат спроведеног третманавежбања и редуковане исхране, који је изазвао значајне промене у свим посматранимпросторима.Prevalenca gojaznosti i metaboličkog sindroma u juvenilnoj populaciji jedramatično u porastu i predstavlja javno-zdravstveni problem u celom svetu.Gojaznost, naročito visceralnog tipa, je ključni aspekt za pojavu metaboličkogsindroma ili pojedinih njegovih komponenti u mlađoj populaciji. Ovakva patološkastanja dovode do pojave niz komplikacija kao i faktora rizika za nastanakkardiovaskularnih oboljenja i dijabetesa tipa II, kasnije u adultnoj dobi. Cilj ovestudije bio je da se utvrde efekti programa fizičke aktivnosti i hipokalorijskeishrane na antropometrijske, konstitucionalne, metaboličke i kardiovaskularneparametre kod gojazne dece, imajući u vidu da je za nastanak gojaznosti upravoodgovoran životni stil u smislu neadekvatne ishrane i hipokinezije kod mladih. Utu svrhu kreiran je upitnik na osnovu kog smo dobili uvid o životnim navikamaispitanika i zaključili da se radi o gojaznoj juvenilnoj populaciji, sa vrlo malokvalitativnog unosa hranljivih materija i fizički neaktivnom u velikoj meri.Takođe prisutna je i genetska predisponiranost za kardiovaskularne i metaboličkebolesti, na šta nam ukazuje porodična anamneza. Program fizičke aktivnosti idijetetskog režima, prilagođen uzrasnoj grupi ispitanika od 11-14 godina ± 0.5 god,bio je kratkoročnog karaktera u trajanju od tri meseca. U cilju provere efektamultidisciplinarnog tretmana, svi ispitivani parametri su mereni u tri vremensketačke (inicijalno, transverzalno i finalno merenje). Deskriptivne rezultati u svetri grupe ispitivanih parametara pokazuju statistički značajne promene kod svihispitanika u sve tri vremenske, kao i rezultati jednofaktorske univarijantne analizevarijanse (ANOVA) za ponovljena merenja (one-way repeated measures ANOVA) za Sig.<0,05. Telesna masa i obimi trbuha su značajno redukovani kao i svi ostali parametricirkularne dimenzionalnosti i potkožnog masnog tkiva, ishranjenosti ikonstitucije. Kod fizioloških pokazatelja metaboličkog sindroma takođe je došlodo redukcije i pozitivnih promena. Potvrda je dobijena multivarijatnom analizomvarijanse za ponovljena merenja (One-way repeated measures MANOVA) za Sig.<0,05,date testom Wilk’s Lambda, čime smo potvrdili značajan efekat sprovedenog tretmanavežbanja i redukovane ishrane, koji je izazvao značajne promene u svim posmatranimprostorima.
Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in juvenile population is increasingdramatically and presents a worldwide public health problem. Obesity, the visceral type inparticular, is the key aspect for emergence of metabolic syndrome or some of its individualcomponents in the younger population. Pathological states of this kind lead to development ofa range of complications, as well as, risk factors for emergence of cardiovascular diseases anddiabetes type II, later in adult age. The aim of this study was to determine effects of a programof physical activity and hypocaloric diet on anthropometric, constitutional, metabolic andcardiovascular parameters in obese children, considering that it is lifestyle, namely inadequatediet and lack of movement, which is responsible for emergence of obesity in children. Withthis in mind, we have created a questionnaire which has given us an insight into living habitsof the participants, and we have determined that we are dealing with an obese juvenilepopulation which consumes very little of quality nutritious foods, and which is, to a greatextent, physically inactive. Also, there is a presence of genetic predisposition forcardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which was indicated in family anamnesis. Thephysical activity and diet regime program, adapted to the age group of the participants (11 to14-year-olds ± 0.5 year) was short term in character and it lasted for three months. With theaim of checking the effect of the multidisciplinary treatment, all the tested parameters weremeasured at three points in time (initial, transversal and final measurements). Descriptiveresults in all three groups of the measured parameters indicate statistically significant changesin all the participants, at all three time points, as do the results of one-way repeated measuresANOVA for Sig.< 0,05. Body mass and abdominal circumferences were reducedsignificantly, as were all the other parameters of circulatory dimensions and subcutaneous fat,nourishment and constitution. Reduction and positive changes were also measured inphysiological indicators for metabolic syndrome. The results were confirmed by one-wayrepeated measures MANOVA for Sig.< 0.05, using the Wilk’s Lambda test, through whichwe have confirmed a significant effect of the applied treatment which has caused significantchanges in all the measured parameters.
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Darinka, Korovljev. "Efekti primene molekularnog vodonika i fizičkog vežbanja na telesnu kompoziciju, metabolički profil i kvalitet života žena trećeg doba." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107366&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Istraživanja o primeni molekularnog vodonika prilično su nova, međutim dosadašnja naučna otkrića smatraju molekularni vodonik za važan agens u biomedicini, a sa saznanjem o njegovoj biološkoj raspoloživosti i terapeutskom potencijalu u poslednjih deset godina, primetan je porast upotrebe vodonika u preventivne i terapijske svrhe. Proces starenja često prate metabolički poremećaji, gojaznost, opadanje kvaliteta života i kognitivne funkcije. Molekularni vodonik (H2) efikasno rešava poremećaje povezane s metaboličkim poremećajima i kognitivnim funkcionisanjem na primerima dosadašnjih istraživanja. U cilju procene efekata primene molekularnog vodonika na telesnu kompoziciju, metabolički profil i kvalitet života kod odraslih starijih žena, sprovedena su dva eksperimenta. U prvom eksperimentalnom postupku ispitivani su efekti primene putem oralnog unošenja rastvora vode obogaćene molekularnim vodonikom (HRW) u trajanju od 28 dana. Prvo eksperimentalno istraživanje sprovedeno je na uzorku ispitanica ženskog pola srednjeg starosnog doba i prekomerne telesne težine (n = 10), koje su nasumice uzimale vodu obogaćenu molekularnim vodonikom i placebo. Analizirani su efekti primene HRW na indikatore telesne kompozicije, hormonalnog statusa, mitohondrijalne funkcije, kvalitet života, navike u ishrani, nivou fizičke aktivnosti, te kardiorespiratornim sposobnostima. Nakon primenjenog tretmana HRW došlo je do statistički značajnih promena između posmatranih grupa ispitanica i smanjenja procenta telesnih masti i indeksa masti nadlaktice u korist grupe koja je uzimala H2 (P < 0,05). Nakon primenjenog tretmana HRW došlo je do statistički značajnog smanjenja u vrednostima triglicerida u serumu kod ispitanica H2 grupe u poređenju s placebo grupom (21,3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0,04), dok su ostali lipidi krvi ostali stabilni tokom ove studije (P > 0,05). Nivoi serumskog insulina smanjeni su za 5,4%, dok je placebo intervencija uvećala odgovor insulina za 29,3% (P = 0,01). Došlo je do statistički značajnih efekata kod H2 grupe u odnosu na placebo grupu u vrednostima maksimalne potrošnje kiseonika VO2 max (P ≤ 0,03), ukupnog izvršenog rada prilikom testiranja (P = 0,01), te ukupnog vremena trajanja testa opterećenja (P ≤ 0,02). Na osnovu ovog istraživanja može se pretpostaviti da H2 može pozitivno uticati na telesnu strukturu i insulinsku rezistenciju i unapređenje kardiorespiratornih sposobnosti kod žena srednje starosne dobi, prekomerne telesne težine. Drugi eksperimentalni postupak odnosio se na primenu molekularnog vodonika H2 putem inhalacije svaki dan, po 15 minuta u trajanju od 28 dana. Analizirani su efekti primene H2 na telesnu kompoziciju, kognitivne performanse i kvalitet života povezan sa zdravljem žena (n = 13) starijeg starosnog doba. Inhalacija je sprovedena upotrebom inhalatora koji generiše 4% H2. Kognitivna funkcija učesnica ocenjena je pomoću kognitivne skale MMSE i skale za procenu Alchajmerove bolesti (ADAS-Cog). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata nakon intervencije H2 došlo je do statistički značajnog povećanja ukupnih rezultata u vrednostima upitnika MMSE (za 13,7%; P < 0,01). Osim toga, primetno je statistički značajno poboljšanje vrednosti ADAS-Cog nakon inhalacije H2, s boljim performansama na testu za prisećanje reči (P < 0,01) i poboljšanju u testu prepoznavanja reči (P = 0,01). Dobijeni rezultati oba eksperimenta pokazuju da bi H2 mogao biti efikasan biomedicinski agens za upravljanje složenim stanjima nastalih starenjem, usled metaboličkih i kognitivnih poremaćaja, a u cilju unapređenja kvaliteta života.Research conducted on molecular hydrogen application are rather new, however the latest scientific discoveries consider molecular hydrogen as a significant agent in biomedicine. Owing to the knowledge on its biological availability and terapeutic potential acquired during the last ten years, an increase in the application of molecular hydrogen (H2) for preventive and terapeutic reasons has been noticed. Aging process is most often accompanied by metabolic disorders, obesity, decline in the quality of life and cognitive functions. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient means for treating disorders related to metabolic disorders and cognitive functioning in compliance with research conducted so far. In order to assess the effects of molecular hydrogen application on body composition, metabolic profile and quality of life in adult elder women, two experiments were carried out. Within the first procedure, the effects of its application via oral consumption of hydrogen-rich water solution (HRW) were tested during 28 days. The first experimental research was conducted on the sample of middle-aged overweighted women (n = 10), who randomly consumed hydrogen-rich water and placebo. The effects of HRW application at indicators of body composition, hormonal status, mitochondrial functions, quality of life, eating habits, level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory capacities were analized. The treatment with HRW brought about statistically significant changes in female subjects as well as body fat percentage and upper-arm fat index reduction in women consuming H2 (P < 0.05). The treatment with HRW also resulted in statistically significant reduction of triglyceride values in serum of women consuming H2 in comparison to the placebo group (21.3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0.04), while other blood lipids remained stable during this study (P > 0.05). Levels of serum insulin were decreased to 5.4%, while placebo intervention increased the insulin level up to 29.3% (P = 0.01). This also resulted in statistically significant effects in H2 group in comparison to the placebo group when values of maximal oxygen consumption VO2 max (P ≤ 0.03), total performance during testing (P = 0.01), and total duration of physical endurance test (P ≤ 0.02) are concerned. On the grounds of this research, it might be assumed that H2 can have a positive impact on body structure and insulin resistance, as well as improvement of cardiorespiratory capacities in middle-aged overweighted women. The second experimental procedure referred to the application of molecular hydrogen H2 via inhalation on daily basis, 15 minutes per day over 28 days. The effects of molecular hydrogen application on body composition, cognitive performance and quality of life connected with health of elder women (n = 13) were analized. Inhalation was performed by using inhalator generating 4% of H2. The cognitive function of participants was graded by applying the cognitive MMSE scale, as well as the scale for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog). On the basis of results obtained upon H2 intervention, a statistically significant increase in total results referring to the values of MMSE test (up to 13.7%; P < 0.01) was recorded. Apart from this, a significant improvement of ADAS-Cog values after H2 inhalation was observed, having better performances when testing word recall (P < 0.01) and word recognition (P = 0.01). The findings of both experiments indicate that H2 might be an efficient biomedical agent for managing complex states caused by aging due to metabolic and cognitive disorders, when aiming at improving quality of life.
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Marineli, Rafaela da Silva 1986. "Avaliação dos efeitos do ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA), dos fitosteróis e de sua combinação na regulação de parâmetros bioquímicos, oxidativos e na composição corporal de ratos Sprague Dawley." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255052.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Mario Roberto Marostica JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Têm-se atribuído inúmeros efeitos biológicos ao ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) e aos fitosteróis. O CLA vem sendo estudado principalmente por sua ação anticarcinogênica, imunomoduladora, reguladora do balanço energético, pela alteração do perfil lipídico e da composição corporal, influência sobre o processo de resistência à insulina e aumento da oxidação lipídica. Os fitosteróis levam a redução dos níveis de colesterol sérico e, consequentemente, a prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, além de outros efeitos benéficos reportados recentemente, como atividade antidiabetogênica e antioxidante. É possível que a interação entre CLA e fitosteróis melhore ou potencialize os seus efeitos biológicos isolados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos causados pela associação da suplementação de CLA e de fitosteróis no perfil lipídico, hormonal e oxidativo, na sensibilidade à insulina e na composição corporal in vivo. Foi realizado um ensaio biológico com 40 ratos machos Sprague Dawley, saudáveis, em crescimento divididos em 5 grupos (n=8) e alimentados por 9 semanas com dieta normolipídica (AIN-93G) suplementada com 2% dos compostos lipídicos de interesse: grupo S com óleo de soja (padrão), grupo LA com óleo de cártamo (controle), grupo CLA com CLA TonalinÒ, grupo P com fitosteróis Vegapure 95FFÒ e grupo CLA+P com uma mistura de CLA e fitosteróis. Foram determinados e avaliados: ingestão alimentar, ganho de peso, peso dos órgãos, composição corporal, perfil lipídico e hormonal, teste de tolerância à glicose e à insulina, conteúdo de lipídios hepáticos e fecais, enzimas antioxidantes e produtos primários e secundários da autoxidação lipídica. A associação entre CLA e fitosteróis não alterou a ingestão de dieta, ganho de peso, composição corporal, peso dos rins, coração e fígado, mas reduziu o peso do tecido adiposo epididimal (-42%), sem alteração no conteúdo de lipídios hepáticos e perfil lipídico sérico; aumentou a concentração de insulina sérica sem comprometer a sensibilidade à insulina, já que os testes de tolerância à glicose e à insulina e os índices de HOMA-IR não diferiram entre os grupos. Além disso, o consumo isolado da mistura dos isômeros do CLA diminuiu o consumo de dieta, sem alteração do ganho de peso dos animais, reduziu os níveis de leptina sérica e aumentou o peso do fígado dos animais sem alterar o conteúdo de lipídios hepáticos. O consumo isolado de fitosteróis reduziu a glicose sanguínea, melhorando o índice de HOMA-BCF, e aumentou a excreção de lipídios fecais em 6 vezes, com ou sem a adição de CLA. Quanto ao perfil oxidativo, o grupo CLA+P não apresentou alteração nos valores plasmáticos de MDA e GSH, na atividade das enzimas SOD, GRd e GPx, mas restaurou os níveis de isoprostana e a atividade de catalase aos valores basais, as quais estiveram aumentadas com a suplementação de CLA. A suplementação com CLA+P também reduziu os produtos primários e secundários da peroxidação lipídica no fígado. A suplementação isolada de fitosteróis e de CLA também foi capaz de reduzir a peroxidação lipídica no fígado dos animais e os valores plasmáticos de MDA. Tendo em vista os resultados encontrados, pôde-se concluir que a associação entre a suplementação de CLA e fitosteróis não apresentou efeito sobre a composição corporal, perfil hormonal e lipídico, mas atuou positivamente na redução do tecido adiposo, sem comprometer a sensibilidade à insulina e induzir a hepatomegalia ou esteatose hepática. Além disso, o efeito sinérgico entre esses compostos melhorou o perfil oxidativo e reduziu a peroxidação lipídica nos animais. Porém, os mecanismos responsáveis por tais alterações não foram elucidados, sendo necessárias outras investigações
Abstract: Several biological effects have been assigned to the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and phytosterols. CLA has been studied mainly by anticarcinogenic actions, immunomodulatory, regulation of energy balance, modulation of circulating lipids and body composition, influence on the process of insulin resistance and increase in lipid oxidation. Phytosterols provide a reduction in serum cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease, and other biological effects reported recently, as antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. It is possible that the interaction between CLA and phytosterols improves or potentiate their isolated effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of dietary CLA associated with phytosterols on lipid, hormonal and oxidative profile, insulin sensitivity and body composition in vivo. A biological assay was conducted with 40 male healthy Sprague Dawley rats divided into 5 groups (n = 8) and fed for 9 weeks with a standard lipid diet (AIN-93G) supplemented with 2% of lipid compounds of interest: group S with soybean oil (standard), group LA with safflower oil (control), group CLA with CLA TonalinÒ, group P with phytosterols Vegarupe 95FFÒ, and group CLA+P with a mixture of CLA and phytosterols. Food intake, weight gain, organs weight, body composition, lipid and hormonal profile, glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test, hepatic and fecal lipid content, antioxidant enzymes, primary and secondary lipid autoxidation products were determined. The association between CLA and phytosterols did not alter food intake, weight gain, body composition, kidneys, heart and liver weight, but reduced epididymal adipose tissue weight (-42%), without change in hepatic lipids content and lipid profile, increased serum insulin concentration, without impairment of insulin sensitivity, since the glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and HOMA-IR index did not differ among the groups. In addition, the isolated consumption of mixture CLA isomers reduced food intake, without alter the weight gain of animals, reduced serum leptin and increased animals liver weight without change the hepatic lipid content. And the isolated consumption of phytosterols reduced blood glucose, improving the HOMA-BCF index, and increased lipid fecal excretion by 6 times, with or without the addition of CLA. For the oxidative profile, CLA+P group showed no change in plasma MDA and GSH levels, SOD, GPx and GRd activity, but restored the levels of isoprostane and catalase activity to baseline, which were increased with CLA supplementation. Supplementation with CLA+P also reduced the primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in the liver. Supplementation of isolated phytosterols and CLA was also able to reduce lipid peroxidation in liver and plasma levels of MDA. We concluded that the association between phytosterols and CLA supplementation had no effect on body composition, hormonal and lipid profile, but acted positively on the reduction of adipose tissue without impairment of insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis or hepatomegaly. In addition, the synergistic effect between these compounds improved the oxidative profile and reduced lipid peroxidation in animals. However, the mechanisms responsible for these changes were not elucidated, so further investigations are necessary
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Fogaça, Kelly Cristina Pagotto. "Investigação de fatores ligados à recuperação de peso em mulheres no pós-cirúrgico tardio de gastroplastia com derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104041.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Maria Rita Marques de OliveiraBanca: Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
Banca: Vânia Aparecida Leandro Merhi
Banca: Aureluce Demonte
Banca: Celso Vieira de Souza Leite
Banca: José Ernesto dos Santos
Resumo: A cirurgia bariátrica é apontada como um dos mais efetivos, se não o único recurso terapêutico para obesidade mórbida. Entretanto, a recuperação de peso vem sendo foco de atenção nesses pacientes, especialmente após um ou mais anos de cirurgia; sendo que seus efeitos, magnitude e causas necessitam ser estudados. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a relação de fatores ligados ao consumo e gasto energético com a variação do peso corporal de mulheres em pós-cirúrgico tardio de Derivação Gástrica em Y-de-Roux (DGYR). Foi realizado um estudo transversal do qual participaram 45 mulheres, com idades entre 26 e 61 anos, operadas por derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux há mais de 24 meses, assistidas na Clínica Bariátrica do Hospital Fornecedores de Cana, Piracicaba - SP. Foi avaliado o consumo alimentar e o gasto energético com atividades físicas a partir do recordatório de 3 dias, a taxa de metabolismo em repouso (TMR) por calorimetria indireta e as concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina e leptina. Para efeito de análise, as mulheres foram agrupadas quanto à recuperação de peso corporal (NR = não recuperação; R = recuperação > 10% do menor peso após a cirurgia), ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) em Não Obesas (NO - IMC < 30 kg/m²) e Obesas (O - IMC > 30 kg/m²) e pela percentagem da Perda do Excesso de Peso (PPEP) Baixa (PPEP < 50%), Moderada (PPEP entre 50% e 75%) e Alta (PPEP > 75%). Para a comparação dos resultados entre os grupos foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste de Dunn. As correlações entre as variáveis foram testadas pelo coeficiente de Spearman. As análises foram realizadas considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Não foi encontrada relação dos indicadores de perda e manutenção de peso (recuperação de peso, IMC e PPEP) e o consumo de nutrientes. O perfil geral de consumo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Bariatric surgery is pointed out as one of the most effective, if not the only therapeutic resource to treat morbid obesity. However, there has been growing attention to the weight regain seen in bariatric surgery patients, especially one or more years after surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with energy consumption and expenditure and body weight variation in the late postoperative period of women who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). A cross-sectional study was done with 45 women aged 26 to 61 years who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at least 24 months earlier, being treated at the Bariatric Clinic of the Hospital Fornecedores de Cana, Piracicaba, SP. The following were investigated: food intake and energy expenditure with physical activities (3-day recall), resting energy expenditure - REE (indirect calorimetry) and serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin. The women were grouped according to the following for analysis: amount of weight regained (NR = no regain; R = regained >10% of the lowest weight achieved after surgery); body mass index (BMI) into non-obese (NO-BMI < 30kg/m2) and Obese (O - BMI > 30 kg/m2); and percentage of excess weight lost (PEWL) into Low (PEWL < 50%), Moderate (50% < PEWL < 75%) and High (PEWL > 75%). The results of the groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by the Dunn test. The correlations between the variables were tested with the Spearman's coefficient. The level of significance was set at 5%. There was no relationship between weight loss and maintenance indicators (weight regain, BMI and PEWL) and nutrient intake. The general food intake profile did not vary among the volunteers but there was a positive correlation between carbohydrate intake... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Santos, Elizabete Alexandre dos. "Relação entre ingestão de vitamina K, gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e homeostase da glicose em adultos e idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-02102018-131651/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Especula-se que exista uma possível relação entre a ingestão de vitamina K e a diminuição da gordura corporal. Além disso, embora os resultados permaneçam controversos, há um número crescente de estudos que apoiam um papel chave dessa vitamina na melhora do perfil lipídico, da sensibilidade à insulina e na redução do risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, contudo pouco se sabe sobre quais mecanismos estariam envolvidos. Objetivo: Investigar as relações entre a ingestão de vitamina K (na forma de filoquinona - PK), gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e marcadores da homeostase da glicose em adultos e idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 298 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, participantes do inquérito ISA - Capital 2015. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinação do perfil lipídico, glicemia de jejum e concentrações de insulina; e índice de estimativa de resistência à insulina (HOMAIR), índice de estimativa da função de células β-pancreáticas (HOMA-β) e índice de estimativa da sensibilidade à insulina (QUICKI) foram calculados. A ingestão de vitamina K foi avaliada por meio de um recordatório alimentar de 24hrs (repetido em 75% da amostra), e a investigação quantitativa da massa gorda foi conduzida por meio da absorciometria de feixe duplo (DXA). Indivíduos com ingestão de vitamina K inferior aos valores de AI foram divididos em subgrupos de acordo com o estado nutricional e faixa etária. Foi realizada a Correlação de Spearman em grupos estratificados de acordo com o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e com o Índice de Gordura Corporal (IGC). Para avaliar as associações entre a ingestão de vitamina K e cada uma das medidas bioquímicas e de adiposidade, foi realizada a regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Dentre os avaliados, 46% eram do sexo masculino (n=136), com idade mediana de 61 anos (20 - 94 anos), e 56,4% apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade (n=168). A mediana de ingestão de vitamina K foi de 102,7 μg, ou 59,9 μg,/1000 kcal, sem diferença de acordo com sexo ou idade. A ingestão de vitamina K apresentou correlação negativa com o HOMA-IR (r = -0,603; p = 0,0134) e correlação positiva com QUICKI (r = 0,603; p = 0,0134) entre os adultos eutróficos do sexo masculino (n = 16). Em idosas com baixo peso (n = 12), a ingestão de vitamina K foi negativamente correlacionada com o Colesterol Total (CT) (r = -0,644; p = 0,0443). Entre as mulheres com elevado IGC e ingestão de vitamina K inferior aos valores de AI (n = 117), foram observadas correlações negativas entre a ingestão de vitamina K e HOMA-IR (r = -0,187; p = 0,0451) e correlações positivas com QUICKI (r = 0,187; p = 0,0451). Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados sugerem uma possível relação entre a ingestão dietética de filoquinona, gordura corporal, perfil lipídico e marcadores da homeostase da glicose, em amostra de adultos e idosos.Introduction: Recent research have investigated a possible inverse relationship between vitamin K intake and body fat. In addition, although the results remain controversial, there is an increasing number of studies supporting a key role of this vitamin in improving lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but little is known about what mechanisms would be involved. Objective: To investigate the relationship between vitamin K intake (in the form of phylloquinone - PK), body fat, lipid profile and markers of glucose homeostasis in adults and elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 298 individuals of both sexes, participants in the ISA - Capital 2015 survey. Blood samples were collected for determination of lipid profile, fasting glycemia and insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assesment estimate for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment estimate for β-cell function (HOMA-β) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculate accordingly. Vitamin K intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall (repeated in 75% of the sample) and quantitative investigation of fat mass was conducted using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects with vitamin K intake lower than AI values were divided into subgroups according to nutritional status and age group. Spearman correlation was performed in stratified groups according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI). To evaluate the associations between vitamin K intake and each of the biochemical and adiposity measures, multiple linear regression were performed. Results: Among the sample, 46% were male (n = 136), with a median age of 61 years (20 - 94 years), and 56.4% were overweight or obese (n= 168). The median vitamin K intake was 102.7 μg, or 59.9 μg, / 1000 kcal, with no difference according to sex or age. Vitamin K intake presented negative correlation with HOMA-IR (r = -0.603; p = 0.0134) and positive correlation with QUICKI (r = 0.603; p=0.0134) among normal weight male adults (n=16). In underweight elderly women (n=12), vitamin K intake was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) (r = -0.644, p = 0.0443). Among females with high FMI and vitamin K intake lower than AI values (n=117), vitamin K intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.187; p = 0.0451) and positively correlated with QUICKI (r 12 = 0.187; p = 0.0451). Conclusions: Results suggest a possible relationship between dietary intake of phylloquinone, body fat, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, among a sample of adults and elderly.
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Dantas, Waleska de Melo Ferreira. "Perfil bioquímico sanguíneo e ganho de peso corporal em suínos submetidos a dietas com diferentes níveis de fósforo." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5011.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-11The biochemical profile of plasma and blood serum can provide important information about the clinical, metabolic and production of an animal, which represents an application of clinical biochemistry. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of diets containing different levels of phosphorus on the constituents of blood serum and plasma and body weight gain in pigs. A total of 60 hybrid pigs, steers, with initial body weight of 61.07 ± 0.86kg, with approximately 110 days of age. The animals were distributed in randomized blocks, subjected to five treatments, with twelve repetitions each. The treatments were distributed as follows: Treatment 1 - basal diet without supplemental phosphorus (P), containing 0.410% total phosphorus; Treatment 2 - basal diet supplemented with dicalcium phosphate trade (0.475% total phosphorus), Treatment 3 - feed basal supplemented with dicalcium phosphate trade (0.540% total phosphorus), Treatment 4 - basal diet supplemented with dicalcium phosphate trade (0.605% total phosphorus) and Treatment 5 - basal diet supplemented with dicalcium phosphate trade (0.670% phosphorus total). The animals received the experimental diets and water ad libitum, were weighed at the beginning (day 1) and at the end of the experimental period (day 30) for determination of weight gain. Blood samples to obtain serum and plasma were collected at baseline (T0 - Day 1) and at the end of the trial period (T1 - 30 th day), to measure the following parameters: sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein , albumin, alkaline phosphatase, total magnesium, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, ionized calcium, glucose, lactate, alkaline phosphatase, TSH and free T4. The data were tested by the Lilliefors and Cochran & Bartlet to verify data normality and homogeneity of variances, respectively. Given the assumptions of ANOVA were analyzed by analysis of variance and those variables that did not attend, were analyzed by nonparametric procedures using the Kruskal-Wallis. Regression analysis was performed for all the features and Pearson correlations were performed between weight gain with the other traits. Significant difference (p <0.05), with an increase in body weight (p <0.002), where there was a quadratic function in the treatments. Of serum phosphorus (p <0.0005) was found in a quadratic function of the treatments. His serum showed a steady increase in line with the increase of available phosphorus in the diet. Serum concentrations of total magnesium showed a quadratic (p <0.001) in the treatments. Concentrations decreased to T4, where values remained stable. The calcium ion also showed a quadratic (p <0.0001) while serum alkaline phosphatase showed a cubic behavior (p <0.008). Therefore, it was weight gain than in the treatments supplemented with phosphorus. Increased levels of phosphorus in the diet causes an increase in their serum and decrease in serum ionized calcium and magnesium.
O perfil bioquímico do plasma e soro sanguíneos pode prover importantes informações a respeito do estado clínico, metabólico e produtivo de um animal, o que representa uma das aplicações da bioquímica clínica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de dietas contendo diferentes níveis de fósforo sobre constituintes do soro e plasma sanguíneos e ganho de peso corporal em suínos. Foram utilizados 60 suínos híbridos comerciais, machos castrados, com peso corporal médio inicial de 61,07±0,86kg, com aproximadamente 110 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados, submetidos a cinco tratamentos, com doze repetições cada. Os tratamentos foram assim constituídos: Tratamento 1 - ração basal, sem suplementação de fósforo (P), contendo 0,410% de fósforo total; Tratamento 2 - ração basal com suplementação de fosfato bicálcico comercial (0,475% de fósforo total); Tratamento 3 - ração basal com suplementação de fosfato bicálcico comercial (0,540% de fósforo total); Tratamento 4 - ração basal com suplementação de fosfato bicálcico comercial (0,605% de fósforo total) e Tratamento 5 - ração basal com suplementação de fosfato bicálcico comercial (0,670% de fósforo total). Os animais receberam as rações experimentais e água à vontade, foram pesados no início (dia 1) e no final do período experimental (dia 30) para determinação do ganho de peso. Amostras de sangue para a obtenção de soro e plasma foram coletadas no início (T0 - 1°dia) e no final do período experimental (T1 - 30°dia), para a mensuração das seguintes variáveis: sódio, potássio, cloreto, proteínas totais, albumina, fosfatase alcalina sérica, magnésio total, uréia, creatinina, fósforo, cálcio ionizado, glicose, lactato, fosfatase alcalina óssea, TSH e T4 livre. Os dados foram avaliados pelos testes de Lilliefors e Cochran & Bartlet para verificar a normalidade dos dados e homogeneidade das variâncias, respectivamente. Atendendo a premissas da ANOVA, foram analisadas pela análise de variância e aquelas variáveis que não atenderam, foram analisadas por procedimentos não paramétricos pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. A análise de regressão foi realizada para todas as características e correlações de Pearson foram efetuadas entre o ganho de peso com as demais características estudadas. Foi encontrada diferença significativa (p<0,05), com aumento no peso corporal (p<0,002), onde observou-se comportamento quadrático em função dos tratamentos. Nos valores séricos de fósforo (p<0,0005), foi verificado comportamento quadrático em função dos tratamentos. Seus valores séricos apresentaram um aumento crescente de acordo com o aumento do fósforo disponível na dieta. As concentrações séricas do magnésio total apresentaram comportamento quadrático (p<0,001) em função dos tratamentos. Suas concentrações diminuíram até o T4, onde seus valores se mantiveram estáveis. O cálcio iônico também demonstrou comportamento quadrático (p<0,0001) enquanto que as concentrações séricas de fosfatase alcalina demonstraram um comportamento cúbico (p<0,008). Portanto, constatou-se ganho de peso corporal superior nos tratamentos suplementados com fósforo. O aumento dos níveis de fósforo na dieta ocasiona acréscimo na sua concentração sérica e diminuição nos valores séricos de cálcio ionizado e magnésio.
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Нагорний, В. Д. "Удосконалення технологічного процесу виготовлення корпуса Р2-115.07.01 шляхом інтенсифікації багатокоординатної обробки складнопрофільних поверхонь." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75527.
Full textAbstract:
Пояснювальна записка виконана на 99 сторінках, включає 29 рисунків,
17 таблиць, бібліографії із 32 джерел.
Питання підвищення точності, якості обробки та продуктивності завжди залишаються актуальними для машинобудування. Застосування багатокоорди-натних верстатів із ЧПК набуває все більшого поширення в останні роки, адже дозволяє застосовувати їх для оброблення складнопрофільних поверхонь з ви-сокою точністю за одне установлення, отже дослідження багатокоординатного оброблення складнопрофільних деталей являє собою актуальну наукову і практичну задачі.
Метою дослідження є удосконалення технологічного процесу виготов-лення корпуса Р2-115.07.01 шляхом розроблення технологічного забезпечення до комплексної з ЧПК операції.
Об'єкт дослідження – технологічний процес виготовлення деталі корпус.
Предмет дослідження – верстатний пристрій для оброблення деталі кор-пус.
Методи дослідження. Робота виконана з використанням сучасних поло-жень технології машинобудування та проектування прогресивних технологіч-них процесів із використанням верстатів із ЧПК, різальних інструментів зі змінними непереточувними пластинами, а також прогресивного технологічного оснащення. У для реалізації завдань графічної частини кваліфікаційної роботи використовувалось програмне середовище КОМПАС – 3D, а для моделювання – пакет ANSYS.
Наукова новизна: полягає у тому, що на основі досліджень напружено-деформованого стану, модального та гармонічного аналізу визначено макси-мальні відхилення, що виникають при багатокоординатному обробленні та до-ведено працездатність верстатного пристрою.Пояснительная записка выполнена на 99 страницах, включает 29 рисунка, 17 таблиц, библиографии из 32 источников. Вопросы повышения точности, качества обработки и производительности всегда остаются актуальными для машиностроения. Применение многокоординатных станков с ЧПУ получает все большее распространение в последние годы, поскольку позволяет применять их для обработки сложнопрофильных поверхностей с высокой точностью за один установ, следовательно исследования многокоординатного обработки сложнопрофильных деталей представляет собой актуальную научную и практическую задачи. Целью исследования является совершенствование технологического процесса изготовления корпуса Р2-115.07.01 путем разработки технологического обеспечения к комплексной с ЧПУ операции. Объект исследования - технологический процесс изготовления детали корпус. Предмет исследования - станочное приспособление для обработки детали корпус. Методы исследования. Работа выполнена с использованием современных положений технологии машиностроения и проектирования прогрессивных технологических процессов с использованием станков с ЧПУ, режущих инструментов со сменными непереточуванимы пластинами, а также прогрессивного технологического оснащения. В для реализации задач графической части квалификационной работы использовалось программное среду КОМПАС - 3D, а для моделирования - пакет ANSYS. Научная новизна: заключается в том, что на основе исследований напряженно-деформированного состояния, модального и гармонического анализа определены максимальные отклонения, возникающие при многокоординатного обработке и доказано работоспособность станочного приспособления.
The explanatory note was made on 99 pages, includes 29 figures, 17 tables, bibliographies from 32 sources. The issues of increasing accuracy, processing quality and productivity always remain relevant for mechanical engineering. The use of multi-coordinate CNC machines has become more widespread in recent years, since it allows them to be used for machining complex-profile surfaces with high accuracy in one setup, therefore, the study of multi-coordinate machining of complex-profile parts is an urgent scientific and practical task. The purpose of the study is the improvement of the manufacturing process of the housing P2-115.07.01 by developing technological support for complex CNC operations. The object of the research manufacturing process of body. Subject of research – fixture for processing parts. Research methods. This work was carried out using the modern principles of engineering technology and the design of advanced technological processes using CNC machines, cutting tools with replaceable indistinguishable inserts, as well as advanced technological equipment. In for the implementation of the tasks of the graphic part of the qualification work, the KOMPAS-3D software environment was used, and for modeling, the ANSYS package was used. Scientific novelty: lies in the fact that, based on studies of the stress-strain state, modal and harmonic analysis, the maximum deviations that occur during multi-axis processing are determined and the operability of the machine tool is proved.
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Testa, Carolyne Assis Eigenheer Pinke. "Avaliação da preferência alimentar e desempenho de tatus Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) em cativeiro." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183322.
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Orientador: Alessandra MelchertResumo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a preferência alimentar e as dietas oferecidas a tatus de nove bandas mantidos sob cuidados humanos, enfatizando a ação das dietas sobre o desempenho, avaliação clínica e metabolismo animal, assim como o aproveitamento dos nutrientes de cada dieta. Foram utilizados para a avaliação da preferência alimentar 10 tatus de nove bandas (D. novemcinctus) adultos, sendo oito machos e duas fêmeas; seis tatus de nove bandas (D. novemcinctus) adultos, sendo cinco machos e uma fêmea, para o ensaio de digestibilidade; e oito tatus de nove bandas (D. novemcinctus) adultos machos para a avaliação clínica e metabólica. Para o teste de preferência alimentar foram testadas quatro dietas que diferiram quanto ao seu teor de proteínas e inclusão de frutos em sua composição. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade e avaliação clínica e metabólica foram testadas duas dietas com ou sem inclusão de frutos em sua composição. O teste de preferência alimentar foi conduzido utilizando a observação em três pontos: frequência de consumo, ingestão alimentar e razão da ingestão. O ensaio de digestibilidade foi realizado após 70 dias de tratamento. A avaliação clínica e metabólica ocorreu antes e ao final de 90 dias de fornecimento de cada uma das dietas, sendo que 60 dias antes do fornecimento de cada dieta foi realizado um período preparatório. Durante o período preparatório os animais receberam uma dieta constituída por ração canina e carne, para que ao início dos tratamentos ap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aims of the study was to evaluate the dietary preference and the diets offered to the nine-banded armadillos kept under human care, emphasizing the action of the diets on the animal performance, as well as the use of the nutrients of each diet. Ten adult nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus) were used for the evaluation of the food preference, being eight males and two females; and six adults nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus), being five males and one female, for digestibility assay. and eight males adults nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus) for clinical and metabolic evaluation. Food preference test, tested four diets that differed in their protein content and fruit inclusion in their composition. For the digestibility assay and clinical and metabolic evaluation were tested two diets with or without fruit inclusion in its composition. The food preference test was conducted using three-point observation: consumption frequency, food intake and intake ratio. The digestibility assay was performed after 70 days of treatment. Clinical and metabolic evaluation occurred before and the end of 90 days of supply of each diet, and 60 days before the supply of each diet a preparatory period was performed. During the preparatory period, the animals received a diet consisting of dog food and meat, so that at the beginning of the treatments presented similar body and metabolic conditions. The diet with the highest protein inclusion, obtained the highest preference in all ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tecklenburg, Gerhard. "Design of body assemblies with distributed tasks under the support of parametric associative design (PAD)." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5809.
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This investigation identifies how CAD models of typical automotive body assemblies could be defined to allow a continuous optimisation of the number of iterations required for the final design and the number of variants on the basis of Parametric Associative Design (PAD) and how methodologies for the development of surfaces, parts and assemblies of the automotive body can be represented and structured for a multiple re-use in a collaborative environment of concept phase of a Product Evolution (Formation) Process (PEP). The standardisation of optimised processes and methodologies and the enhanced interaction between all parties involved in product development could lead to improve product quality and reduce development time and hence expenses. The fundamental principles of PAD, the particular methodologies used in automotive body design and the principles of methodical development and design in general are investigated. The role which automotive body engineers play throughout the activities of the PEP is also investigated. The distribution of design work in concept teams of automotive body development and important methodologies for the design of prismatic profile areas is critically analysed. To address the role and distribution of work, 25 group work projects were carried out in cooperation with the automotive industry. Large assemblies of the automotive bodies were developed. The requirements for distributed design work have been identified and improved. The results of the investigation point towards a file based, well structured administration of a concept design, with a zone based approach. The investigation was extended to the process chain of sections, which are used for development of surfaces, parts and assemblies. Important methods were developed, optimised and validated with regard to an update safe re-use of 3D zone based CAD models instead of 2D sections. The thesis presents a thorough description of the research undertaken, details the experimental results and provides a comprehensive analysis of them. Finally it proposes a unique methodology to a zone based approach with a clearly defined process chain of sections for an update-safe re-use of design models.
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PINARDI, STEFANO. "Movements recognition with intelligent multisensor analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19297.
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In movement science with inertial sensor many different methodologies resolving specific aspects of movement recognition have been proposed. They are very interesting, and useful, but none of them are generally explicative of what is going on in the semantic sense. When we go down to the movement recognition/classification area (for example in Ambient Intelligence) we do not have a feasible model that can be considered generally predictive or usable for activity recognition.
Also, in the field of movement recognition with inertial sensors many technological issues arise: technological diversity, calibration matters, sensor model problems, orientation and position of sensors, and a lot of numerous specificities that, with all the above aspects, and the lack of public dataset of movements sufficiently generic and semantically rich, contribute to create a strong barrier to any approach to a classification matters with wearable sensors.
We have also to notice that a movement is a phenomenon explicitly or implicitly (voluntary or involuntary) controlled by brain. The individual free-will introduce a further matter when we want to temporary predict the movements looking at the close past. Pattern can change at any time when ambient, psychological context, age of the subject change. Also, pathological issues, and physiological differences and the will of the subject, introduce important differences. For all these reasons I considered that a semantical /lexical approach to movement recognition with sensors, driven by machine learning techniques could be a promising way to solve some of these challenge and problems.
In this Ph.D. Thesis wearable inertial sensors has been used to classify movements, the choice of inertial sensors has been driven by technological and practical advantages, they are cheap, lightweight, and - differently from video cameras - are not prone to the hidden face, or luminance problems. The main idea is to use inertial sensor to understand what a person is doing for ambient-intelligent, healthcare, medical-sport applications. My principal concerns was to propose a method that was not centered on technology issues but on data analysis, that could be a general framework and could also create a general representation of movement,that could be useful also in other area of research, like reasoning. Inertial sensors are treated just as an example, a particular type of sensors, the method is new, reusable, algorithmically simple, net and easy to understand. Accuracy is very high outperforming the best results given in literature, reducing the error rate of 4 times.
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Pereira, Cristiana Augusto. "Perfil antropométrico e alimentar de professores do ensino fundamental em 16 municípios do Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas - Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4559.
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The evaluation of nutritional status has as goal to identify the nutritional disorders with intention to make possible an adequate intervention and to assist in the recovery and/or maintenance of the status of health of the individuals. Thus, the nutritional status can be measured mainly by anthropometrics and dietary parameters. The objective of the present study was to analyze the anthropometric and alimentary profile in teachers of basic education in 16 cities of the interior of Amazon. Participated for free demand, 1,691 teachers with 18 years or more and both sex, they were enrolled in the program of mediated actual education (PROFORMAR), in the period July to September of 2003. The participants had been evaluated according to body mass index (BMI) from standardized procedures during the activities in the course. The data on the alimentary consumption had been registered in the 24h recall questionnaire (R24h) being also enclosed the variable such as weight, height, city of origin, age and gender. For analysis of the alimentary intakes it was constructed a food list including only items that had showed a percentage equal or bigger 10% report of alimentary frequency consumption. The data had been tabulated in Epi Info 6.0 and analyzed in the Statistical Analysis Systems® program, stratifying according to sex and city. The results showed a total of 1,391 participants (25.66% men and 74.33% women) evaluated. Malnutrition showed important percentages only in some cities (33.33% men and 13.79% women). The overweight was prevalent in the majority of the interior cities, in both the sex (31.13% men and 29.11% women) and the obesity showed minor frequency (8.88% women and 8.96% men), but it was present in almost all the evaluated interior cities. But, it was not different among sex (P>0,005). The dietary evaluation showed a low consumption of fruits and regional vegetables, milk and derivatives foods and poor about the variety of animal food consumption. The caloric food distributions disclosed to caloric adequacy in both the sex. However, it was observed a high consumption of carbohydrates and proteins, but deficient in of lipid consumptions and fibers. The vitamin consumption, mainly acid folic was lower in both the sex. The vitamin C deficiency was observed only between the women. Moreover, the mineral consumption such as calcium and magnesium showed deficient, in both sex. The present research suggest that the overweight was the more prevalent nutritional problems among teachers of basic education of the 16 interior cities from Amazon and it alerts for the acquisition of good alimentary habits, over all for choice of food sources of vitamin, also the vegetables adequate in minerals and in macronutrients in order to prevent co-morbidities associated with food disorders.
A avaliação do estado nutricional tem como objetivo identificar os distúrbios nutricionais de forma a possibilitar uma intervenção adequada e auxiliar na recuperação e/ou manutenção do estado de saúde do indivíduo. O estado nutricional pode ser medido principalmente por parâmetros antropométricos e dietéticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi traçar o perfil antropométrico e alimentar de professores do ensino fundamental em 16 municípios do interior do Amazonas. Participaram por livre demanda, 1.691 professores com 18 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, inscritos no programa de ensino presencial mediado (PROFORMAR), no período julho a setembro de 2003. Os indivíduos foram avaliados segundo o índice de massa corporal (IMC) a partir de procedimentos padronizados durante as atividades acadêmicas previstas no curso. Os dados sobre o consumo alimentar foram registrados no recordatório de 24h (R24h) sendo também incluídas variáveis como peso, altura, município de origem, idade e sexo. Para análise da ingestão alimentar foi construída uma lista de alimentos incluindo somente aqueles que apresentaram um percentual igual ou maior a 10% de freqüência de ingestão alimentar. Os dados foram tabulados no Epi Info 6.0 e analisados no programa Statistical Analysis Systems®, estratificando-se segundo o sexo e município. O estudo resultou em um total de 1.391 professores (25,66% homens e 74,33% mulheres) avaliados. A desnutrição mostrou percentuais importantes apenas em alguns municípios (33,33% homens e 13,79% mulheres). O sobrepeso foi prevalente na maioria dos municípios, em ambos os sexos (31,13% homens e 29,11% mulheres) e a obesidade apresentou os menores percentuais (8,88% mulheres e 8,96% homens) do estudo, mas esteve presente em quase todos os municípios avaliados. A avaliação dietética mostrou um baixo consumo de frutas e hortaliças, leite e derivados, alimentos regionais e uma baixa variedade no consumo de alimentos de origem animal. A distribuição calórica dos alimentos revelou adequação calórica em ambos os sexos, um alto consumo de carboidratos e proteínas e um consumo deficiente de lipídios e fibras. Quanto ao consumo de vitaminas, o ácido fólico apresentou-se deficiente em ambos os sexos e a deficiência de vitamina C ocorreu apenas entre as mulheres. O consumo de minerais revelou-se deficiente para o cálcio e o magnésio, em ambos os sexos. A presente pesquisa evidencia que o sobrepeso foi o agravo nutricional mais importante entre os professores dos 16 municípios do Amazonas e alerta para a aquisição de bons hábitos alimentares, sobretudo pela ingestão de alimentos fontes de vitaminas e sais minerais e adequados em macronutrientes a fim de prevenir co-morbidades relacionadas a uma má alimentação.
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Plachký, Jakub. "Komplet návěsu se skříňovou nástavbou s výsuvnými boky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228832.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to establish the basis for a presentation study, whose goal is to approximate the problems and dilemas of special semi-trailer with extensible sidewalls construction to the future consumer. The thesis explains which parts the semitrailer is made of as well as which essentials should be considered when designing the construction itself. The paper partly shows one particular semi-trailer project. On this project the calculation of stabilisation system, solidity analysis of the extensible part frame and the complete visualization of the trailer unit have been completed.
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Alhaddad, Abdolrauf Gawad. "Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications : simulation and measurement of balanced antennas for mobile handsets, investigating specific absorption rate when operated near the human body, and a coplanar waveguide alternative to the balanced feed." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5512.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), WLAN (2400-2500 MHz and 5000-5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.
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Alhaddad, A. G. "Balanced antennas for mobile handset applications. Simulation and Measurement of Balanced Antennas for Mobile Handsets, investigating Specific Absorption Rate when operated near the human body, and a Coplanar Waveguide alternative to the Balanced Feed." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5512.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas
for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are
considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710¿1880 MHz),
PCS (1850¿1990 MHz), UMTS (1920¿2170 MHz), WLAN (2400¿2500 MHz and 5000
¿ 5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on
built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure.
The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation
patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable
results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show
reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed
antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone
ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also
studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement
results are correlated with the calculated ones.
A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed,
discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The
predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance
bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance.
In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band
balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented.
Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and
discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of
the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation
efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
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Manuel, Melissa Barnes Ulrich Pamela V. Connell Lenda Jo. "Using 3D body scan measurement data and body shape assessment to build anthropometric profiles of tween girls." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1585.
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Martins, Ana Margarida Estrada. "Efeitos de um programa de exercício físico na aptidão funcional e composição corporal de uma população idosa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15234.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico de 3 meses (3 sessões semanais), em mulheres idosas. Amostra: 44 idosas (x idades ≈ 70 anos): Grupo Experimental 1 ([20-59]%sessões; n=13); Grupo Experimental 2 (≥60%sessões; n=15); Grupo de Controlo (0%sessões; n=16). Métodos de Avaliação: DEXA, Balança TANITA BC-545 e Antropómetro de Martin (Composição Corporal); Análises Clínicas (Perfil Lipídico); Tensiómetro-MTP-Medisana (Pressão Arterial); Bateria de Testes “Functional Fitness Test” (Aptidão Física); Questionário POMS-SF (Estados de Humor). Resultados: Encontraram-se diferenças significativas entre grupos nas variáveis: força superior (p=.001: GE2>GC) e inferior (p=.009: GE2>GCeGE1), flexibilidade inferior (p=.020: GE2>GC), resistência aeróbia (p=.000: GE2>GC
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McDonald-Morken, Colleen Ann. "Hawk and Dove Stress Response Profiles in Humans." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29861.
Full textAbstract:
A recent evolutionary theory hypothesizes that there are two primary biobehavioral profiles of stress responding. Labeled "hawk" and "dove," each is characterized by divergent patterns of autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system activations in response to stress as well as distinct affective and behavioral tendencies. These profiles are prominent in a number of species, and it has been hypothesized that hawk-like and dovelike responses to stress may, in part, explain variability in stress-related health outcomes. This study is a preliminary investigation of hawk and dove biobehavioral profiles in humans. Participants included 73 Midwestern university students recruited from undergraduate-level psychology classes. Upon completion of a stressor task, participants answered questions regarding their psychological experiences during and immediately following the task and reported their emotions and health-related behaviors over the past several weeks. Physiological measures of cortisol and high frequency heart rate variability reactivity were used to identify relatively hawk-like and dove-like responders. Associations between patterns of physiological responding and emotional and behavioral
responses were tested. The results showed mixed support for the existence of hawk and dove biobehavioral profiles in humans.
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Parker, Charly. "The relative recoverability of DNA and RNA profiles from forensically relevant body fluid stains." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5005.
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Biological material (fluids or tissues) whether from the victim or suspect is often collected as forensic evidence, and methods to obtain and analyze the DNA found in that material have been well established. The type of body fluid (i.e. blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, and menstrual blood) from which the DNA originated is also of interest, and messenger RNA typing provides a specific and sensitive means of body fluid identification. In order for mRNA profiling to be utilized in routine forensic casework, RNA of sufficient quantity and quality must be obtained from biological fluid stains and the methods used for RNA analysis must be fully compatible with current DNA analysis methodologies. Several DNA/RNA co-extraction methods were evaluated based on the quantity and quality of DNA and RNA recovered and were also compared to standard non-co-extraction methods. The two most promising methods, the in-house developed NCFS co-extraction and the commercially available AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini kit, were then optimized by improving nucleic acid recovery and consistency of CE (capillary electrophoresis) detection results. The sensitivity of the two methods was also evaluated, and DNA and RNA profiles could be obtained for the lowest amount of blood (0.2 microliter]) and saliva and semen (1 microliter]) tested. Both extraction methods were found to be acceptable for use with forensic samples, and the ability to obtain full DNA profiles was not hindered by the co-extraction of RNA. It is generally believed that RNA is less stable than DNA which may prevent its use in forensic casework. However, the degradation rates of DNA and RNA in the same biological fluid stain have not been directly compared. To determine the relative stability of DNA and RNA, the optimized NCFS co-extraction protocol was used to isolate DNA and RNA from environmentally compromised stains.; Dried blood, saliva, and semen stains and vaginal secretions swabs were incubated at set temperatures and outside for up to 1 year. Even at 56??C, DNA and RNA were both stable out to 1 year in the blood and semen stains, out to 3 months (DNA) and 1 year (RNA) in the saliva stains, and out to 6 months (DNA) and 3 months (RNA) in the vaginal secretions swabs. The recoverability of both nucleic acids was reduced when the samples were exposed to increased humidity, sunlight, and rain. In general, DNA and RNA stability was found to be similar with a loss in ability to obtain a DNA or RNA profile occurring at the same time point; however, there were instances where RNA body fluid markers were detected when a poor/no DNA profile was obtained, indicating that RNA in dried stains is sufficiently stable for mRNA body fluid typing to be used in forensic casework.ID: 029809641; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-170).
M.S.
Masters
Chemistry
Sciences
Forensic Science
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Carvalho, Liza Fachin de. "Análise da cultura organizacional no gerenciamento de projetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-04012016-154049/.
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O gerenciamento de projetos de forma sistematizada vem se tornando essencial para todo tipo de organização, pois os mercados a cada dia tornam-se cada vez mais competitivos, os recursos mais escassos e os clientes muito mais exigentes. É possível observar isso com o número crescente de empresas que se associam ao Project Management Institute (PMI) - referência nas melhores práticas em gerenciamento de projetos - que desde o final de 2013 possui mais de 400.000 empresas associadas em todo o planeta. Tal tendência é natural, visto que as empresas necessitam se destacar nos negócios em um mercado cada vez mais dinâmico a fim de garantir a sua sobrevivência. De acordo com Gu et al. (2013), uma questão-chave na investigação de gerenciamento de projetos gira em torno de porquê alguns projetos são bem sucedidos, enquanto outros não. Esta questão levou os pesquisadores a explorar determinantes potenciais que possam levar ao sucesso ou fracasso de um projeto. Por exemplo, o Standish Group International (2009) encontrou uma taxa global de fracasso do projeto em torno de 72% nos EUA. É certo que a cultura organizacional exerce forte influência no sucesso dos projetos, mas seria possível diagnosticá-la para com isso melhor conduzir as equipes de projeto? Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o gerenciamento de projetos, utilizando-se para tanto dos modelos como o Competing Values Framework (CVF) e o Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). O emprego dos modelos se justifica por serem os mais utilizados na literatura em gestão organizacional, embora não tenham sido encontrados estudos empíricos que os utilize no contexto brasileiro em gerenciamento de projetos. O método utilizado para obtenção do perfil cultural dominante para o sucesso em gerenciamento de projetos foi survey, na qual o modelo OCAI foi adaptado e destinado para gerentes e membros de equipe de projetos. Observou-se através da análise dos dados, que a cultura de clã foi a que apresentou forte influência para o sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de acordo com a percepção dos respondentes da survey. É importante ressaltar que não há um perfil de cultura melhor que o outro, portanto, a cultura de gerenciamento de projetos obtida é apenas o diagnóstico de uma cultura organizacional que poderá permitir a obtenção de um desempenho superior, ou seja, sucesso no atendimento de escopo, qualidade, custo e prazo. Discute-se para estudos futuros a importância de se empregar respondentes de diferentes estados do Brasil e ainda de outros países, buscando estabelecer que não existam influências de outros fatores culturais regionais na percepção dos respondentes.Project management in a systematic manner has become essential for any type of organization, because the markets every day become increasingly competitive, scarce resources and more demanding customers. You can see this with the growing number of companies that are associated with the Project Management Institute (PMI) - reference the best practices in project management - which since late 2013 has more than 400,000 affiliates around the world. This tendency is natural, since companies need to stand out in business in an increasingly dynamic market in order to ensure their survival. According to Gu et al. (2013), a key issue in project management research centers on why some projects are successful while others do not. This question led the researchers to explore potential determinants that can lead to success or failure of a project. For example, the Standish Group International (2009) found an overall rate of failure of the project around 72% in the US. Admittedly, the organizational culture has a strong influence on the success of the projects, but it would be possible to diagnose it for it better lead project teams? Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and project management, using for both models like the Competing Values Framework (CVF) and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). The use of models is justified because they are the most used in the literature on organizational management, although we did not find empirical studies that use them in the Brazilian context in project management. The method used to obtain the dominant cultural profile for success in project management was the survey, in which the OCAI model was adapted and designed for managers and project team members. It was observed by analyzing the data, the clan culture showed the strong influence for success in project management according to the perception of the survey respondents. Importantly, there is a better culture profile than the other, so the obtained project management culture is only the diagnosis of an organizational culture that may allow obtaining superior performance, ie success in scope of service, quality, cost and schedule. It is argued for further study the importance of employing respondents from different states of Brazil and even from other countries, seeking to establish that there are no influences from other regional cultural factors in the perception of respondents.
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Back, Jenny. "Profiles of Exercise Dependence – A person centred approach to study potential mechanisms." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Hälsa och idrott, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31304.
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Provost, Terry M. T. "Profiles of the Black Venus, tracing the Black female body in Western art and culture, from Baartman to Campbell." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66691.pdf.
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Greene, J. Curtis. "The effects of a ten-week physical fitness program on fitness profiles, self-concept, and body-esteem in children." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897492.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 10-week physical fitness program on the fitness profiles, levels of self-concept, and body-esteem in 3rd- and 4th-grade low-fit children. The participants were 17 children (9 boys/8 girls) who failed to meet the Physical Best fitness standards in at least 2 of 3 fitness profile components, including cardiovascular endurance (one-mile run/walk), muscular strength and endurance (situps/min), and flexibility (sit and reach). All participants were pre and posttested in each of the three fitness profile components. Self-concept and bodyesteem were also pre and posttested using a shortened version of Harter's Self-Perception profile for children (SPPC) and the Body-Esteem Scale for Children (B-ESC).The treatment group (n = 10) participated 3 days/week for 60 min/day in a vigorous physical activity program designed to maintain heart rates corresponding to 60-80% of each individual's V02 max. An Analysis of Covariance revealed that the treatment group scored significantly higher (p < .05) on the posttest than the control group in two of the four self-concept dimensions (athletic competence and global self-worth) and on two of the three fitness profile components (muscular strength and endurance and flexibility). In light of the problems associated with increasing children's physical activity levels, offering after school programs such as this one appears to be an effective strategy.Institute for Wellness
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Sánthová, Zuzana. "Mapa okolí jeskyně Výpustek - severní část." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226229.
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The aim of this thesis is to create map of cave Výpustek surrounding enviroment. It is going to be complementary map documentation to existing map documentation made by the other students of VUT Brno. These documentations will be joined together and create one relief covering terain above the cave. The work began with building our own traverse and measuring detailed points. The result is topographical and hypsographical determination of the locality expressed numerically and topographically too. Another task was to measure and represent some profiles of main halls and passages of the cave. Intention is to connect underground space with the surface. Surveying network of points built previously inside the cave was used for measurements.