Journal articles: 'Body localisation'

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Adjimabou, JF, A. Bereksi R, P. Berry, and E. Zareski. "Disseminated Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i05.006.

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Leiomyomas are benign tumours consisting of a proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Extra uterine localisations are rare. Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis corresponds to the localisation of these tumours within several tissues of the body. We report a case of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis diagnosed in a 36-year- old woman.

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Del Signore, F., R. Terragni, A. Carloni, L. Stehlik, P. Proks, L. Cavallo, E. Febo, A. Luciani, PE Crisi, and M. Vignoli. "An uncommon localisation of a vegetal foreign body in a dog: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 10 (October 27, 2017): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/108/2017-vetmed.

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The goal of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance of a penile foreign body in a dog for the first time. We describe an unusual penile localisation of a grass seed awn in an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog referred for a computed tomography study after a severe haemorrhage from the penis. A fistulous tract was observed after plain and post-contrast whole-body computed tomography acquisition; the foreign body was localised with ultrasound and removed under ultrasonographic guidance, with the complete healing of the penile lesion. Grass awns are common foreign bodies in dogs and cats and are commonly localised in the ear canal, subcutaneous tissue, interdigital space, eyelid, conjunctiva and nasal or oral cavity. These foreign bodies pose a threat due to their peculiar structure, which facilitates their easy access to the affected area and their transit through the body. Clinical signs are often non-specific, and imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography are useful techniques for localisation. Our report demonstrates that the combination of computed tomography and ultrasound techniques was crucial for the exact localisation and mini-invasive retrieval of the grass seed.

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Mamun, Md Abdulla Al, David Vera Anaya, Fan Wu, and Mehmet Rasit Yuce. "Landmark-Assisted Compensation of User’s Body Shadowing on RSSI for Improved Indoor Localisation with Chest-Mounted Wearable Device." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 5405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165405.

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Nowadays, location awareness becomes the key to numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Among the various methods for indoor localisation, received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based fingerprinting attracts massive attention. However, the RSSI fingerprinting method is susceptible to lower accuracies because of the disturbance triggered by various factors from the indoors that influence the link quality of radio signals. Localisation using body-mounted wearable devices introduces an additional source of error when calculating the RSSI, leading to the deterioration of localisation performance. The broad aim of this study is to mitigate the user’s body shadowing effect on RSSI to improve localisation accuracy. Firstly, this study examines the effect of the user’s body on RSSI. Then, an angle estimation method is proposed by leveraging the concept of landmark. For precise identification of landmarks, an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-aided decision tree-based motion mode classifier is implemented. After that, a compensation model is proposed to correct the RSSI. Finally, the unknown location is estimated using the nearest neighbour method. Results demonstrated that the proposed system can significantly improve the localisation accuracy, where a median localisation accuracy of 1.46 m is achieved after compensating the body effect, which is 2.68 m before the compensation using the classical K-nearest neighbour method. Moreover, the proposed system noticeably outperformed others when comparing its performance with two other related works. The median accuracy is further improved to 0.74 m by applying a proposed weighted K-nearest neighbour algorithm.

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Harrar, Vanessa, Laurence R. Harris, and Lisa M. Pritchett. "Segmented Space: Measuring Tactile Localisation in Body Coordinates." Multisensory Research 26, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002399.

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Panda, R. K., A. Scardicchio, M. Schulz, S. R. Taylor, and M. Žnidarič. "Can we study the many-body localisation transition?" EPL (Europhysics Letters) 128, no. 6 (February 5, 2020): 67003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/128/67003.

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Margolis, Aaron N., and Matthew R. Longo. "Visual detail about the body modulates tactile localisation biases." Experimental Brain Research 233, no. 2 (October 10, 2014): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4118-3.

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Yan, Chao, Yong Jia, Yong Guo, and Xiaoling Zhong. "Dual-station radar-based living body detection and localisation." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 7880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0769.

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8

Cowie, Dorothy A. "The development of the bodily self: Children’s responses to the Rubber Hand Illusion." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647063.

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The bodily self is constructed from multisensory information. However, little is known of the relationship between multisensory development and the emerging sense of self. We investigated how multisensory processes underpin the developing sense of bodily self by measuring the strength of the ‘Rubber Hand Illusion’ in young children (4 to 9 years old) and adults. Stroking mode (synchronous vs asynchronous) was varied between subjects. Following this visuotactile stimulation, we measured processes of body localisation using intermanual pointing, and feelings of body ownership using questionnaire responses. Intermanual pointing showed that children were as sensitive as adults to visual-tactile synchrony cues for hand position. Similarly, explicit feelings of embodiment, measured by questionnaire items, were sensitive to visual-tactile integration independent of age. These converging results indicate a visual-tactile pathway to the bodily self which matures by at least 4 years of age. However, regardless of synchrony cues, children’s pointing was more captured by the fake hand than adults, indicating a second, later-maturing process based on visual-proprioceptive information. These findings demonstrate two dissociable processes underlying body representation in early life: an early-maturing visual tactile process controlling hand localisation and ownership, and a later-developing visual-proprioceptive process controlling localisation only. The findings further suggest that hand localisation and ownership may not always be so intimately bound together as adult data would suggest, and therefore call for a reassessment of the systems involved in adult own-body perception.

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Looi, Audrey L. G., Gus Gazzard, and Donald T. H. Tan. "Surgical exploration minimised by ultrasound biomicroscopy localisation of intraocular foreign body." Eye 15, no. 2 (March 2001): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2001.71.

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10

Levi, Mattan, Bernard Maro, and Ruth Shalgi. "The conformation and activation of Fyn kinase in the oocyte determine its localisation to the spindle poles and cleavage furrow." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 7 (2011): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11033.

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Several lines of evidence imply the involvement of Fyn, a Src family kinase, in cell-cycle control and cytoskeleton organisation in somatic cells. By live cell confocal imaging of immunostained or cRNA-microinjected mouse oocytes at metaphase of the second meiotic division, membrane localisation of active and non-active Fyn was demonstrated. However, Fyn with a disrupted membrane-binding domain at its N-terminus was targeted to the cytoplasm and spindle in its non-active form and concentrated at the spindle poles when active. During metaphase exit, the amount of phosphorylated Fyn and of spindle-poles Fyn decreased and it started appearing at the membrane area of the cleavage furrow surrounding the spindle midzone, either asymmetrically during polar body II extrusion or symmetrically during mitosis. These results demonstrate that post-translational modifications of Fyn, probably palmitoylation, determine its localisation and function; localisation of de-palmitoylated active Fyn to the spindle poles is involved in spindle pole integrity during metaphase, whereas the localisation of N-terminus palmitoylated Fyn at the membrane near the cleavage furrow indicates its participation in furrow ingression during cytokinesis.

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11

Isaksson, M., M. Alpsten, Cederblad, L. Larsson, and N. Pettersson. "In vivo Identification and Localisation of Radioactive Contamination in the Human Body." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 89, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033088.

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12

Poon, K. Y. "Use of limbal ring-rod for radiological localisation of ocular foreign body." British Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.73.8.645.

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13

Corsetti, M. T., G. Levi, F. Lancia, L. Sanseverino, S. Ferrini, E. Boncinelli, and G. Corte. "Nucleolar localisation of three Hox homeoproteins." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.1.187.

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Homeoproteins encoded by genes of the Hox family are nuclear proteins believed to act as transcription factors and to participate in the determination of the body plan. Here we show that in several vertebrate cells, they exhibit a subnuclear localisation associated with the nucleolus. We used monoclonal antibodies to study the distribution of three homeoproteins, namely HOXB7, HOXC6 and HOXD4. The immunoreactivity to antibodies against HOXC6 protein in Xenopus laevis embryonic tissues is restricted to one or two spots within the nucleus; this distribution partially overlaps that of fibrillarin, a protein of the fibrillar zone of the nucleoli. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of the distribution of HOXB7 protein in 3T3 cells, and of HOXD4 protein in human neuroblastoma and Raji lymphoma cell lines and activated lymphocytes, results invariably in a nucleolar localisation. Purified nucleoli from stimulated T lymphocytes, and Raji cells contain an activity capable of binding, in a gel retardation assay, to an oligonucleotide specifically recognised by the HOXD4 homeoprotein. This activity is specifically removed by anti-HOXD4 antibodies and is found associated in southwestern blots with a single band with an apparent M(r) of 30,000, corresponding to that of recombinant HOXD4. The functional significance of the nucleolar localisation of Hox proteins remains to be determined.

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Moore, Catherine A., and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz. "PAR-1 and the microtubule-associated proteins CLASP2 and dynactin-p50 have specific localisation on mouse meiotic and first mitotic spindles." Reproduction 130, no. 3 (September 2005): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00651.

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The site of second meiotic division, marked by the second polar body, is an important reference point in the early mouse embryo. To study its formation, we look at the highly asymmetric meiotic divisions. For extrusion of the small polar bodies during meiosis, the spindles must be located cortically. The positioning of meiotic spindles is known to involve the actin cytoskeleton, but whether microtubules are also involved is not clear. In this study we investigated the patterns of localisation of microtubule regulatory proteins in mouse oocytes. PAR-1 is a member of the PAR (partitioning-defective) family with known roles in regulation of microtubule stability and spindle positioning in other model systems. Here we show its specific localisation on mouse meiotic and first mitotic spindles. In addition, the microtubule-associated proteins CLASP2 (a CLIP associating protein) and dynactin-p50 are found on kinetochores and a subset of microtubule-organising centres. Thus we show specific localisation of microtubule regulatory proteins in mouse oocytes, which could indicate roles in meiotic spindle organisation.

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15

Reddy, T., G. M. Gibbs, D. J. Merriner, J. B. Kerr, and M. K. O.'Bryan. "425. Expression of mammalian cysteine-rich secretory proteins in the mouse model." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs425.

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Mammalian cysteine rich secretory proteins are a family of four proteins exhibiting a high amino acid sequence similarity and belonging to the CAP (Cysteine rich secretory proteins, Antigen-5 proteins and the plant Pathogenesis related-1 proteins) superfamily of proteins. They are designated CRISP 1, 2, 3 and 4. Structurally, mammalian CRISP’s are characterised by 16 cysteine residues involved in intra-molecular di-sulfide bonds and the formation of 2 domains, ie., the CRISP domain (CD) and CAP domain. Whilst studies on mouse CRISP2 suggest that the CD is involved in ion channel regulation, studies on non-mammalian CAP superfamily members suggest that the CAP domain is involved in proteolytic activity.They are predominantly expressed and localised in the male reproductive tract, however, the EST expression databases suggest that mammalian CRISPs are expressed more widely than in the male reproductive tract. The objective of this study was therefore to conclusively define the expression and localisation of each CRISP protein in a mammalian system.A reverse transcription PCR expression profile and immunohistochemical analysis of 16 mouse tissue was conducted to establish the expression and localisation of each of the four CRISPs. These data showed that although the CRISPs have a strong expression and localisation bias to the male reproductive tract, they are widely distributed throughout the body in mice, including the ovary, uterus, and mammary gland. Whilst each CRISP has a clear expression profile, there was a striking localisation of androgen regulated CRISPs (1, 3, 4) in immune tissue including the spleen and thymus. Such a localisation raises the spectre of a role for CRISPs in the normal physiology and disease of several organs.

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Lebens, M., B. Länger, P. Günther, M. Fehr, and K. A. Mathes. "Textile foreign body in a Green Iguana (Iguana iguana): Diagnostic imaging for localisation." Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 158, no. 11 (November 5, 2016): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17236/sat00093.

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Harmer, Jane, Xin Qi, Gabriella Toniolo, Aysha Patel, Hannah Shaw, Fiona E. Benson, Michael L. Ginger, and Paul G. McKean. "Variation in Basal Body Localisation and Targeting of Trypanosome RP2 and FOR20 Proteins." Protist 168, no. 4 (August 2017): 452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2017.07.002.

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18

Mora, Laura, Anna Sedda, Teresa Esteban, and Gianna Cocchini. "The signing body: extensive sign language practice shapes the size of hands and face." Experimental Brain Research 239, no. 7 (May 24, 2021): 2233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06121-9.

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AbstractThe representation of the metrics of the hands is distorted, but is susceptible to malleability due to expert dexterity (magicians) and long-term tool use (baseball players). However, it remains unclear whether modulation leads to a stable representation of the hand that is adopted in every circumstance, or whether the modulation is closely linked to the spatial context where the expertise occurs. To this aim, a group of 10 experienced Sign Language (SL) interpreters were recruited to study the selective influence of expertise and space localisation in the metric representation of hands. Experiment 1 explored differences in hands’ size representation between the SL interpreters and 10 age-matched controls in near-reaching (Condition 1) and far-reaching space (Condition 2), using the localisation task. SL interpreters presented reduced hand size in near-reaching condition, with characteristic underestimation of finger lengths, and reduced overestimation of hands and wrists widths in comparison with controls. This difference was lost in far-reaching space, confirming the effect of expertise on hand representations is closely linked to the spatial context where an action is performed. As SL interpreters are also experts in the use of their face with communication purposes, the effects of expertise in the metrics of the face were also studied (Experiment 2). SL interpreters were more accurate than controls, with overall reduction of width overestimation. Overall, expertise modifies the representation of relevant body parts in a specific and context-dependent manner. Hence, different representations of the same body part can coexist simultaneously.

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Römer, Heiner. "Directional hearing in insects: biophysical, physiological and ecological challenges." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): jeb203224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203224.

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ABSTRACTSound localisation is a fundamental attribute of the way that animals perceive their external world. It enables them to locate mates or prey, determine the direction from which a predator is approaching and initiate adaptive behaviours. Evidence from different biological disciplines that has accumulated over the last two decades indicates how small insects with body sizes much smaller than the wavelength of the sound of interest achieve a localisation performance that is similar to that of mammals. This Review starts by describing the distinction between tympanal ears (as in grasshoppers, crickets, cicadas, moths or mantids) and ﬂagellar ears (specifically antennae in mosquitoes and fruit flies). The challenges faced by insects when receiving directional cues differ depending on whether they have tympanal or flagellar years, because the latter respond to the particle velocity component (a vector quantity) of the sound ﬁeld, whereas the former respond to the pressure component (a scalar quantity). Insects have evolved sophisticated biophysical solutions to meet these challenges, which provide binaural cues for directional hearing. The physiological challenge is to reliably encode these cues in the neuronal activity of the afferent auditory system, a non-trivial problem in particular for those insect systems composed of only few nerve cells which exhibit a considerable amount of intrinsic and extrinsic response variability. To provide an integrative view of directional hearing, I complement the description of these biophysical and physiological solutions by presenting findings on localisation in real-world situations, including evidence for localisation in the vertical plane.

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Dierck, Arnaut, Sam Agneessens, Frederick Declercq, Bart Spinnewyn, Gert-Jan Stockman, Patrick Van Torre, Luigi Vallozzi, et al. "Active textile antennas in professional garments for sensing, localisation and communication." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 3-4 (March 12, 2014): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871400018x.

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New wireless wearable monitoring systems integrated in professional garments require a high degree of reliability and autonomy. Active textile antenna systems may serve as platforms for body-centric sensing, localisation, and wireless communication systems, in the meanwhile being comfortable and invisible to the wearer. We present a new dedicated comprehensive design paradigm and combine this with adapted signal-processing techniques that greatly enhance the robustness and the autonomy of these systems. On the one hand, the large amount of real estate available in professional rescue worker garments may be exploited to deploy multiple textile antennas. On the other hand, the size of each radiator may be designed large enough to ensure high radiation efficiency when deployed on the body. This antenna area is then reused by placing active electronics directly underneath and energy harvesters directly on top of the antenna patch. We illustrate this design paradigm by means of recent textile antenna prototypes integrated in professional garments, providing sensing, positioning, and communication capabilities. In particular, a novel wearable active Galileo E1-band antenna is presented and fully characterized, including noise figure, and linearity performance.

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Desplanques, Yannick, and Gérard Degallaix. "Interactions between Third-Body Flows and Localisation Phenomena during Railway High-Energy Stop Braking." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2008): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2583.

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22

Lockwood, P., L. Pittock, C. Lockwood, C. Jeffery, and K. Piper. "Intraorbital foreign body detection and localisation by radiographers: A preliminary JAFROC observer performance study." Radiography 22, no. 1 (February 2016): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.06.005.

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23

Murphy, Denis J., and Ian Cummins. "Purification and immunogold localisation of the major oil-body membrane protein of oilseed rape." Plant Science 60, no. 1 (January 1989): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(89)90042-3.

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24

Nabi, G., B. K. Somani, L. C. Steven, and S. McClinton. "Technique of radiological localisation and endoscopic retrieval of unusual foreign body from urinary bladder." International Urology and Nephrology 38, no. 2 (June 2006): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11255-006-0037-y.

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Minarikova, E., M. Smolarova, and M. Minarik. "Activity of Skin Cancer Clinic at Martin University Hospital in 2017." Acta Medica Martiniana 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acm-2018-0003.

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Abstract The authors present new cases of malignant melanoma seen at the Skin Cancer Clinic of the University Hospital in Martin in the year 2017. There have been 112 new cases of malignant melanoma, 66 in men and 46 in women, diagnosed in 2017. We have recorded a occurence of two melanomas in one person in 3 patients, two men and one women. One patient had metastatic melanoma found in lymph nodes without corresponding skin lesions. The most common tumor body localisation in both men and women was on the back (51 melanomas, 45 %). In women, the most common localisation was upper extremities (13 melanomas, 29 %), followed by lower extremities and the back at the same rate (11 melanomas, 24 %). In men, the most common localisation was on the back (40 melanomas, 60 %). Histologically, the most common type was superficial spreading malignant melanoma (50 melanomas), the second most common was non specific type of malignant melanoma (19 melanomas). The majority of cases were low risk lesions with histological Breslow thickness in the range from 0,1 mm to 1 mm (47 melanomas). High risk lesions with histological Breslow thickness more than 4 mm were the second most common type (24 melanomas).

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Stolz, Claude. "A new approach of graded damage modelling." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1922–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286518810068.

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To prevent the problem of spurious localisation in damage mechanics, it is necessary to control the damage gradient amplitude. The body is decomposed in three domains: the undamaged body where ([Formula: see text]), the transition zone ([Formula: see text]) and the totally broken body ([Formula: see text]). For the thick level set (TLS) model, damage is a function of the signed distance to the surface [Formula: see text]. In this article, we propose to control the damage gradient using a convex internal constraint. This point of view produces a new description of graded damage. Analytical solutions on spheres and cylinders under radial loading are given and discussed. For particular internal constraints, the TLS results are recovered.

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Igaz, Iván, and Lajos Topa. "Significance of microRNA expression in body fluids in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 1 (January 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29789.

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MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, single strained RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They are involved in all major aspects of cellular functions, such as cell cycle, differentiation, migration, apoptosis etc. The role of microRNAs as potential biomarkers of several malignant diseases is being intensively investigated, since they can be found in the body fluids, too, besides their usual intracellular localisation. MicroRNAs have been detected in blood, saliva, stool, breast milk, urine, bile etc. In this review the authors discuss recent findings in the field of microRNAs in stool, bile and saliva, underlying their potential significance in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(1), 11–15.

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Thorsson, E., A. Jansson, M. Vaga, and L. Holm. "Histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrase in the digestive tract and salivary glands of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2019.0033.

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The house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is one of several cricket species with great potential to be farmed as a sustainable protein source. In order to succeed in large-scale cricket farming, knowledge of cricket digestion is essential. The digestive tract morphology of A. domesticus is well documented, but knowledge of the salivary glands is lacking. In the digestive tract of insects, the carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme family is believed to contribute to the luminal pH gradient. Presence of CA in the digestive tract of A. domesticus has been reported, but not the cellular localisation. This study examined the digestive tract of A. domesticus, including salivary glands, and the cellular localisation and activity of CA in fed or starved (48 h) males and females. Tissues were collected from third-generation offspring of wild A. domesticus captured in Sweden and the histology of the salivary glands and the cellular localisation of CA in the digestive tract of A. domesticus were determined, to our knowledge for the first time. The salivary glands resembled those of grasshoppers and locusts, and we suggest the two main cell types present to be parietal and zymogenic cells. Histochemical analysis revealed that CA activity was localised in midgut epithelium, both main cell types of salivary gland, and muscle along the entire digestive tract. These findings support the suggestion that CA contributes to digestive tract luminal pH gradient, by driving acidic secretions from the salivary glands and alkaline secretions from the midgut. Starvation resulted in significantly reduced body size and weight, but neither starvation nor sex had any effect on CA activity or localisation.

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Omori, Naoko, Takuya Ueda, and Nobuyuki Mitsukawa. "CT-guided mapping in the removal of an impalpable, radiopaque foreign body in subcutaneous tissue: a case report." Journal of Wound Care 29, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.7.424.

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Small fragments sometimes penetrate the soft tissue, and their depth and location can be difficult to determine accurately. This case study describes localisation of a thin, short wire that had penetrated the soft tissue of a 24-year-old man's back, using computed tomography (CT) with a reference grid made with an angiographic catheter. The axial non-contrast-enhanced CT scan with the grid placed over the affected body part surveyed by the CT scout view showed that the foreign body was buried in fascia 7cm from a puncture wound. Surgical removal of the foreign body was then performed without any sequelae. CT with the use of external references that do not cause metal artefacts is a simple and helpful procedure in localising radiopaque foreign bodies.

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Katayama, Shota, and Tamar Japaridze. "Localisation of bovine colostral odorant-binding protein (bcOBP) mRNAs in several tissues of bovine body." Cell Biology International 38, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10221.

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Pantasri, Tawiwan, Linda L. Wu, M. Louise Hull, Thomas R. Sullivan, Michael Barry, Robert J. Norman, and Rebecca L. Robker. "Distinct localisation of lipids in the ovarian follicular environment." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 4 (2015): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14321.

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Obesity is associated with decreased pregnancy rates due, in part, to compromised oocyte quality. The aim of the present cross-sectional study of 84 women undergoing oocyte aspiration was to: (1) compare insulin, lipids and glucose in follicular fluid with serum; (2) determine whether increased body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia or metabolic syndrome altered follicular fluid metabolites; and (3) determine relative lipid content in oocytes to reveal any influence of these parameters on oocyte quality and IVF outcomes. Insulin, glucose, triglyceride and free fatty acids were lower in follicular fluid than blood and not strictly correlated between compartments. Insulin, glucose and triglyceride positively correlated with increasing BMI and waist circumference in blood and follicular fluid. Insulin increased in follicular fluid in association with metabolic syndrome. Free fatty acid composition analysis showed saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic and stearic acid, to be more prevalent in follicular fluid than blood. There were no associations between follicular fluid metabolites or oocyte lipid content and clinical outcomes; however, oocyte immaturity correlated with follicular fluid glucose and fatty acid levels, as well as metabolic syndrome. The present study confirms that the human ovarian follicular environment surrounding the oocyte exhibits a unique metabolite profile compared with blood, with distinct localisation of lipids within follicular fluid and oocytes.

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Dadkhahi, Sara, Julia Gansler, Mona Saffarzadeh, Aya Shibamiyama, Nicolé Kral, Nelli Baal, Takatoshi Koyama, et al. "Expression and localisation of vascular ribonucleases in endothelial cells." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 105, no. 02 (2011): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th10-06-0345.

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SummaryThe functions of extracellular RNA in the vascular system as new procoagulatory and permeability-increasing factor in vivoand in vitrowere shown to be counteracted by pancreatic type RNase1. Based on the identification of RNase1 in plasma and serum, it is proposed that the enzyme is expressed by vascular cells to contribute in the regulation of extracellular RNA. It is demonstrated that RNase1 and RNase5 (also termed angiogenin) were differentially expressed in various types of endothelial cells, whereby human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressed and released the highest concentration of active RNase1. Expression and release of RNase5 were similar in all types of endothelial cells tested. Both RNases were constitutively produced and secreted, whereby a portion of RNase1, but not RNase5, was stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, co-localising with von Willlebrand factor and P-selectin. Accordingly, immediate release of RNase1 from these granules was demonstrated in vitroand in vivousing Weibel-Palade body exocytosis-inducing agents. Additionally, extracellular RNA or poly:IC (but not DNA) induced this short-term release of RNase1. Our results indicate that vascular RNase1 and RNase5 are mainly produced by vascular endothelial cells and can serve, depending on the vascular bed, different functions in vascular homeostasis and endothelial cell responses.

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Zheng, Bo, Zexu Zhang, Jing Wang, Feng Chen, and Xiangquan Wei. "Body-fixed SLAM with Local Submaps for Planetary Rover." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000560.

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In traditional Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms based on Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF-SLAM), the uncertainty of state estimation will increase rapidly with the development of the exploration process and the increase of map area. Likewise, the computational complexity of the EKF-SLAM is proportional to the square of the number of feature points contained in the state variables in a single filtering process. A new SLAM algorithm combining the local submaps and the body-fixed coordinates of the rover is presented in this paper. The algorithm can reduce the computational complexity and enhance computational speed in consideration of the processing capability of the onboard computer. Due to the introduction of local submaps, the algorithm represented in this paper is able to reduce the number of feature points contained in the state variables in each single filtering process. Therefore, the algorithm could reduce the computational complexity and improve the computational speed. In addition, rover body-fixed SLAM could improve the navigation accuracy of a rover and decrease the cumulative linearization error by coordinates transformation during the update process, which is shown in the simulation results.

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Patel, V. A., D. J. Hill, M. C. Eggo, M. C. Sheppard, G. P. Becks, and A. Logan. "Changes in the immunohistochemical localisation of fibroblast growth factor-2, transforming growth factor-β1 and thrombospondin-1 are associated with early angiogenic events in the hyperplastic rat thyroid." Journal of Endocrinology 148, no. 3 (March 1996): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1480485.

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Abstract Administration of a goitrogen (methimazole) and a low iodine diet to rats over a two-week period resulted in hypothyroidism and thyroid hyperplasia compared with controls (control: total serum thyroxine (T4) 66 ± 4 nmol/l, thyroid weight 5±1 mg/100 g body weight; experimental: T4 undetectable, thyroid weight 27 ± 4 mg/100 g body weight after 2 weeks of treatment; mean ± s.d., n=10). Immunohistochemistry carried out using a specific endothelial cell marker, CD31, and morphometric analysis (point counting of immunopositive cells) revealed that the progression of goitre in the rat thyroid is accompanied by an increase in capillary endothelial cell growth (neovascularisation). Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) immunohistochemistry revealed widespread staining for the protein in the follicular cells of control glands. Less intense staining was found in the stroma and follicular cell nuclei. During hyperplasia and subsequent neovascularisation there was a progressive increase in the FGF-2 immunoreactivity at all locations during the two-week treatment period. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) immunoreactivity in the control rat thyroid was found in the stroma and in the endothelial cells, while weak follicular cell staining was also present. In the goitrous rat thyroid the TSP1 immunoreactivity was present after 1 week of treatment in the endothelial cells and most follicular cells, whilst stromal localisation was weak. After week 2 of treatment the endothelial cell and stromal localisation was no longer apparent, although a follicular localisation was still present. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of a minority of the follicular cells in control rat thyroids, while their nuclei were unstained. In the goitrous rat thyroid an increased intensity of staining for TGFβ1 was seen in all follicular cells, many of which now also demonstrated immunopositive nuclei, within one week of goitrogen administration. These results show that in the hyperplastic thyroid increases in FGF-2 and TGFβ1, and decreases in TSP1, accompany angiogenesis. These factors may interact in an autocrine/paracrine relationship to stimulate the neovascularisation that occurs during goitre formation. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 485–499

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CHAKRABARTI, H. S., and H. R. ATTA. "Use of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the localisation and management of an anteriorly situated intraocular foreign body." British Journal of Ophthalmology 82, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 456d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.82.4.456d.

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S., Suhas S., and Chaitanya Vadva. "A neglected foreign body in oesophagus with an unusual presentation: a case report." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20221653.

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<p>Foreign body ingestion is clinical emergency in otorhinolaryngology practice which requires immediate proper management to ensure speedy recovery and reduce complications. Accidental ingestion of food based foreign bodies like fish and meat bones are common among adults. Penetration of these foreign bodies may cause vascular or suppurative complications which are rare; however, if present these can cause significant morbidity to the patient. We report a case of 60-year-old male patient who presented with painful right side neck swelling. The CT nscan neck revealed a foreign body penetrating oesophageal wall on either side leading to right cervical abscess and mediastinitis. Under general anaesthesia foreign body bone piece was removed by rigid oesophagoscopy. In conclusion, it is very important to elicit the history of accidental foreign body ingestion in patients who present with acute onset of neck swelling. Besides clinical examination, radiological imaging modalities are very useful in confirming the diagnosis, site localisation of foreign body and proceed with timely and appropriate management.</p>

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ROWLERSON, A. M., and S. E. BLACKSHAW. "FIBRE TYPES IN LEECH BODY WALL MUSCLE." Journal of Experimental Biology 157, no. 1 (May 1, 1991): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.157.1.299.

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The fibre type composition of obliquely striated muscle of adult Hirudo medicinalis was investigated by enzyme histochemistry, by immunohistochemistry and by SDS-PAGE. The oxidative capacity of the fibres, assessed by succinate dehydrogenase activity, was similar in all three layers of body wall muscle (longitudinal, oblique and circular) and in dorsoventral muscles. Histochemical localisation of Mg2+-activated actomyosin ATPase activity gave stronger staining in the longitudinal muscle than in other layers. As muscle shortening speed is directly related to this form of ATPase activity, this suggests that the longitudinal layer fibres are faster contracting than the circular, oblique or dorsoventral muscles. Results with polyclonal antibodies specific for vertebrate myosins were consistent with the ATPase results, i.e. fibres with the lowest actomyosin ATPase activity reacted preferentially with an antibody for a slower myosin. Thus, anti-T2, selective for vertebrate tonic fibre myosin, bound preferentially to fibres in oblique, circular and dorsoventral muscles, whereas anti-S, selective for vertebrate slow twitch fibre myosin (faster than vertebrate tonic fibre myosin), bound preferentially to the bulk of longitudinal layer fibres. Whereas most of the longitudinal layer stained uniformly with the anti-S antibody, some fibres in the outermost bundles were negative for the anti-S antibody and were, therefore, different from the main mass of longitudinal fibres. SDS-PAGE analysis of contractile protein preparations from body wall muscle also revealed a differencein the composition of the oblique, circular and dorsoventral muscles compared to the longitudinal layer, supporting the conclusion that leech body wall muscle contains two fibre types.

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Hoth, Julian, and Wojciech Kowalczyk. "Determination of Flow Parameters of a Water Flow Around an AUV Body." Robotics 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics8010005.

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Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have changed the way marine environment is surveyed, monitored and mapped. Autonomous underwater vehicles have a wide range of applications in research, military, and commercial settings. AUVs not only perform a given task but also adapt to changes in the environment, e.g., sudden side currents, downdrafts, and other effects which are extremely unpredictable. To navigate properly and allow simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) algorithms to be used, these effects need to be detected. With current navigation systems, these disturbances in the water flow are not measured directly. Only the indirect effects are observed. It is proposed to detect the disturbances directly by placing pressure sensors on the surface of the AUV and processing the pressure data obtained. Within this study, the applicability of different learning methods for determining flow parameters of a surrounding fluid from pressure on an AUV body are tested. This is based on CFD simulations using pressure data from specified points on the surface of the AUV. It is shown that support vector machines are most suitable for the given task and yield excellent results.

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Turner, James M. A., Paul S. Burgoyne, and Prim B. Singh. "M31 and macroH2A1.2 colocalise at the pseudoautosomal region during mouse meiosis." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 18 (September 15, 2001): 3367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.18.3367.

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Progression through meiotic prophase is associated with dramatic changes in chromosome condensation. Two proteins that have been implicated in effecting these changes are the mammalian HP1-like protein M31 (HP1β or MOD1) and the unusual core histone macroH2A1.2. Previous analyses of M31 and macroH2A1.2 localisation in mouse testis sections have indicated that both proteins are components of meiotic centromeric heterochromatin and of the sex body, the transcriptionally inactive domain of the X and Y chromosomes. This second observation has raised the possibility that these proteins co-operate in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. In order to investigate the roles of M31 and macroH2A1.2 in meiosis in greater detail, we have examined their localisation patterns in surface-spread meiocytes from male and female mice. Using this approach, we report that, in addition to their previous described staining patterns, both proteins localise to a focus within the portion of the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) that contains the steroid sulphatase (Sts) gene. In light of the timing of its appearance and of its behaviour in sex-chromosomally variant mice, we suggest a role for this heterochromatin focus in preventing complete desynapsis of the terminally associated X and Y chromosomes prior to anaphase I.

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See, Tian Feng. "Few-photon transport in strongly interacting light-matter systems: A scattering approach." International Journal of Quantum Information 17, no. 06 (September 2019): 1950050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749919500503.

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Engineering strong photon–photon interactions at the quantum level have been crucial in various areas of research, notably in quantum information processing and quantum simulation. It is often done by coupling matter strongly to light. A promising way to achieve this is via waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED). Motivated by these advancements, we study few-photon transport in waveguide QED setups. First, we present a diagrammatic technique to systematically study multiphoton scattering based on the scattering formalism and Green’s function approach. We demonstrate our proposal through physically relevant examples involving scattering of few-photon states from two-level emitters as well as from arrays of correlated Kerr nonlinear resonators described by the Bose–Hubbard model. In the second part, we apply the diagrammatic technique that was developed to perform a comprehensive study on a Bose–Hubbard lattice with a quasi-periodic potential. This model exhibits many-body localisation. We compute the two-photon transmission probability and show that it carries signatures of the underlying localisation transition with close agreement to the participation ratio of the eigenstates. The systematic scattering approach provided in this paper provides a foundation for future works at the interface between quantum optics and condensed matter.

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Genç, V., A. Çakmak, C. Akyol, S. Baskan, and SM Hazinedaroglu. "Giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma extending into the scrotum: a case report." Scottish Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (May 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmsmj.54.2.58b.

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Liposarcomas are the most common soft-tissue sarcomas in adults. Soft tissue sarcomas can be seen almost every localisation in the body, 10-15% of these are located in the retroperitoneum. Due to their slow growth and lack of specific anatomical compartments, retroperitoneal liposarcomas frequently reach an enormous size long before diagnosis. We describe a case of giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma successfully treated by surgical resection. The interest of our report is that the dimension alone should not be considered a contraindication for surgery and to remind the effectiveness of the first operation is the most important part of the therapy.

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Tucker, Emma, Andrea Buda, Nari Janghra, Jenny Baker, Joy Coad, Morganden Moorghan, Mike Havler, Peter Dettmar, and Massimo Pignatelli. "Abnormalities of the cadherin-catenin complex in chemically-induced colo-rectal carcinogenesis." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 1 (February 2003): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003217.

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β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein originally identified as a component of the cadherin cell-cell adhesion complex. It also binds the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor which controls β-catenin cellular levels through its degradation. β-Catenin and/or APC mutations result in increased cytoplasmic β-catenin and nuclear translocation. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and cellular localisation of α- and β-catenin, pi20 and E-cadherin in a chemically-induced mouse model of colo-rectal cancer using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Female Balb/C mice were injected subcutaneously with a solution providing 25 mg DMH base/kg body weight for 17 weeks. Animals were killed and tumours identified in the intestine with a dissecting microscope. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of normal and dysplastic colonic mucosa were stained by an indirect avidin-biotin immunohistochemical technique using mouse monoclonal antibodies, and membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear cellular localisation was assessed by light microscopy. Staining distribution scored as follows: 3, >90% positive epithelial cells; 2, >50% positive epithelial cells; 1, <50% positive epithelial cells. Non-dysplastic colonic epithelial cells revealed p-catenin expression at the membrane (33/41 scored 3), areas of cytoplasmic expression (24/41 scored 1) and no nuclear staining. Dysplastic colonic epithelium revealed increased membranous and cytoplasmic p-catenin immunoreactivity (39/41 and 38/41 both scored 3) with focal nuclear staining (14/41). Expression patterns for a-catenin, pi20, and E-cadherin were similar to β-catenin with increased membranous and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in dysplastic mucosa, although no nuclear staining was observed. Increased cytoplasmic expression and nuclear localisation of β-catenin are consistent with a possible mutation in its gene, and this finding was in keeping with the mutational analysis of exon 3 by single-strand conformational polymorphism. Increased immunoreactivity of the other catenins also suggests further disruption in catenin regulation. In summary, alterations in the β-catenin expression and cellular localisation in the DMH-induced tumours are similar to those seen in human sporadic colo-rectal tumours. The DMH is therefore a useful model for studying the abnormalities of the E-cadherin-catenin pathway in colo-rectal carcinogenesis.

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Jaddoa, Mohammed Ahmed, Luciano Gonzalez, Holly Cuthbertson, and Adel Al-Jumaily. "Multiview Eye Localisation to Measure Cattle Body Temperature Based on Automated Thermal Image Processing and Computer Vision." Infrared Physics & Technology 119 (December 2021): 103932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2021.103932.

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Hickey, James M., Sam Genway, and Juan P. Garrahan. "Signatures of many-body localisation in a system without disorder and the relation to a glass transition." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2016, no. 5 (May 27, 2016): 054047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2016/05/054047.

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Stolic, Marina, Dragan Stolic, Darko Hinic, and Dragana Ignjatovic-Ristic. "Localisation and Types of Cosmetic Medical Treatments - Correlation with Demographic Characteristics of Serbian Clients." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2015-0059.

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Abstract There is a growing number of cosmetic medical treatments in the Balkan region. Yet, this trend has not been closely observed in terms of the correlation between procedure characteristics and clients’ sociocultural and psychological characteristics.The aim of this cross-sectional/retrospective research is to establish the correlation of types of cosmetic procedures with basic sociodemographic characteristics of clients in Serbia. Each of 144 study subjects underwent a cosmetic treatment (320 in total) within the first three months of 2014, while the study was being conducted. The sample included 5 male and 139 female subjects, with the age range of 17-71 (38.87±10.722).Peaks of interventions have been detected in subjects aged 31-35 and 36-40; more frequently those were individuals with a higher level of education and their motive most commonly was of aesthetic nature. The majority of the subjects (44.44%) underwent only one intervention, while the average number of interventions per subject within the period of three months was 2.21±1.40. Face interventions were considerably higher in number than others, with a rising trend with age. The number of procedures in the area of the abdomen, breasts and thighs, rose with the increase of a body mass index. The most popular treatments included removal of stretch marks and fillers, mesotherapy and botulinum toxin.Due to ever-growing sociocultural pressure and a modern concept of life, women often decide on cosmetic therapy at the first sign of ageing and hormonal changes, with a downward age trend especially with respect to minimally invasive procedures, as well as the most visible body parts, the face in the first place.

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Liu, Jun, Qiao-Chu Wang, Xing Duan, Xiang-Shun Cui, Nam-Hyung Kim, Yu Zhang, and Shao-Chen Sun. "Profilin 1 plays feedback role in actin-mediated polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 5 (2018): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17354.

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Mammalian oocytes undergo several crucial processes during meiosis maturation, including spindle formation and migration and polar body extrusion, which rely on the regulation of actin. As a small actin-binding protein, profilin 1 plays a central role in the regulation of actin assembly. However, the functions of profilin 1 in mammalian oocytes are uncertain. To investigate the function of profilin 1 in oocytes, immunofluorescent staining was first used to examine profilin 1 localisation. The results showed that profilin 1 was localised around the meiotic spindles and was colocalised with cytoplasmic actin. Knockdown (KD) of profilin 1 with specific morpholino microinjection resulted in failure of polar body extrusion. This failure resulted from an increase of actin polymerisation both at membranes and in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and phosphorylation levels of myosin light chain (MLC) were significantly altered after KD of profilin 1. Thus, the results indicate that a feedback mechanism between profilin, actin and ROCK–MLC2 regulates actin assembly during mouse oocyte maturation.

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Bălan, Oana, Alin Moldoveanu, and Florica Moldoveanu. "Multimodal Perceptual Training for Improving Spatial Auditory Performance in Blind and Sighted Listeners." Archives of Acoustics 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2015-0049.

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Abstract The use of individualised Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) is a fundamental prerequisite for obtaining an accurate rendering of 3D spatialised sounds in virtual auditory environments. The HRTFs are transfer functions that define the acoustical basis of auditory perception of a sound source in space and are frequently used in virtual auditory displays to simulate free-field listening conditions. However, they depend on the anatomical characteristics of the human body and significantly vary among individuals, so that the use of the same dataset of HRTFs for all the users of a designed system will not offer the same level of auditory performance. This paper presents an alternative approach to the use on non-individualised HRTFs that is based on a procedural learning, training, and adaptation to altered auditory cues.We tested the sound localisation performance of nine sighted and visually impaired people, before and after a series of perceptual (auditory, visual, and haptic) feedback based training sessions. The results demonstrated that our subjects significantly improved their spatial hearing under altered listening conditions (such as the presentation of 3D binaural sounds synthesised from non-individualized HRTFs), the improvement being reflected into a higher localisation accuracy and a lower rate of front-back confusion errors.

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El-Khoury, M., A. Bohlok, YA Sleiman, P. Loi, E. Coppens, P. Demetter, and I. El Nakadi. "A rare presentation of small diaphragmatic epidermoid cyst with extremely elevated serum CA19-9 level." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 102, no. 2 (February 2020): e23-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2019.0110.

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Epidermoid cysts are rare lesions that can occur anywhere in the body. They are associated with elevated serum levels of CA 19-9. The spleen represents the most common site of intra-abdominal localisation. Only two cases of diaphragmatic epidermoid cyst are reported in the literature. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with a small suprasplenic subdiaphragmatic cyst discovered during the investigation of left flank pain. The establishment of an adequate diagnosis was challenging due to the difficulty in specifying the exact localisation of the cyst, the extremely elevated CA 19-9 level of 19,000 and the high uptake on 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. The definitive diagnosis followed complete surgical excision. Intra-abdominal epidermoid cysts are usually discovered incidentally on imaging for another reason. The cyst is lined by squamous epithelium responsible for the secretion of CA 19-9. The elevation of serum CA 19-9 is due to small rupture or increased intraluminal pressure followed by diffusion to the bloodstream. Surgery with en-bloc resection represents the optimal treatment to avoid any risk of recurrence. The definitive diagnosis is established by demonstrating positive immunohistopathological staining of epithelial cell to CA 19.9.

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Pereira, Patrícia F., Hiara M. S. Serrano, Gisele Q. Carvalho, Joel A. Lamounier, Maria do Carmo G. Peluzio, Sylvia do Carmo C. Franceschini, and Silvia E. Priore. "Body fat location and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight female adolescents and eutrophic female adolescents with a high percentage of body fat." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 2 (September 21, 2011): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951111001430.

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AbstractBackground:Excessive body fat, mainly abdominal fat, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. However, a fat localisation measurement that would be more indicative of risk in adolescents has not yet been established.Objective:This study was conducted in order to evaluate the correlation between body fat location measurements and cardiovascular disease risk factors in female adolescents.Materials and methods:A total of 113 girls – 38 eutrophic according to their body mass index but with a high percentage of body fat, 40 eutrophic with adequate body fat, and 35 with excessive weight – were evaluated using 15 anthropometrical measurements and 10 cardiovascular risk factors.Results:The central skinfold was the best measurement for predicting variables such as glycaemia and high-density lipoprotein; waist circumference for insulin and homeostasis model assessment; coronal diameter for total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein; sagittal abdominal diameter for triglycerides and leptin; hip circumference for blood pressure; and the central/peripheral skinfold ratio for homocysteine. The correlation between the measurements and the number of risk factors showed that waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio produced the best results.Conclusions:The results suggest that the body fat distribution in adolescents is relevant in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. Simple measurements such as waist circumference and the waist/stature ratio were the best predictors of a risk of disease and they should therefore be associated with the body mass index in clinical practice in order to identify those adolescents at higher risk.

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Podisi, B. K., S. A. Knott, I. C. Dunn, A. S. Law, D. W. Burt, and P. M. Hocking. "Overlap of quantitative trait loci for early growth rate, and for body weight and age at onset of sexual maturity in chickens." REPRODUCTION 141, no. 3 (March 2011): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0276.

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Critical age, weight and body composition have been suggested as necessary correlates of sexual maturity. A genome scan to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for age and body weight at first egg (AFE and WFE) was conducted on 912 birds from an F2broiler–layer cross using 106 microsatellite markers. Without a covariate, QTL for body WFE were detected on chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 27 and Z and a single QTL for AFE was detected on chromosome 2. With AFE as a covariate, additional QTL for body WFE were found on chromosomes 1 and 13, with abdominal fat pad as covariate a QTL for body WFE was found on chromosome 1. With body WFE as covariate, additional QTL for AFE were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 13 and 27. The QTL generally acted additively and there was no evidence for epistasis. Consistent with the original line differences, broiler alleles had positive effects on body WFE and negative effects on AFE, whereas the phenotypic correlation between the two traits was positive. The mapped QTL for body WFE cumulatively accounted for almost half the body weight difference between the chicken lines at puberty. Overlapping QTL for body WFE and body weight to 9 weeks of age indicate that most QTL affecting growth rate also affect body WFE. The co-localisation of QTL for body weight, growth and sexual maturity suggests that body weight and growth rate are closely related to the attainment of sexual maturity and that the genetic determination of growth rate has correlated effects on puberty.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Body localisation'

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