Journal articles on the topic 'Body image in women – Psychological aspects'
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Iwanicka, Aleksandra, Jolanta Masiak, Joanna Księska-Koszałka, Gabriela Zdunek, Andy R. Eugene, and Yee Kong Chow. "The cult of the body and its psychological consequences among adolescent girls." Polish Journal of Public Health 128, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2018-0008.
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Abstract Taking into consideration the problem of “the cult of the body” among young women, the sociocultural context of their upbringing should be analyzed. Nowadays, it can be observed that many young women actively participate in promoting “the cult of the body”. The aim of the aforementioned actions is to get a slim, attractive figure consistent with the trends of women’s attractiveness promoted in the media. The analysis of the social networking sites and blogs indicates that more and more often women themselves are encouraged to promote their attractive, thin image in the Internet. This article will attempt to characterize the phenomenon of “the cult of the body”, in which adolescent women are engaged and which shapes their image of the body and has a potential influence on psychological and physical aspects of their existence. The analysis of the results of the research takes into account the analyzed subject and developmental conditioning of the time of adolescence in the context of sociocultural changes.
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Moraes, Amanda dos Santos, Marcos Alberto Taddeo Cipullo, Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie Poli, Renata Astride Rebelo, Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro, Lila Missae Oyama, Stephan Garcia Andrade Silva, Ana Raimunda Damaso, Ricardo da Costa Padovani, and Danielle Arisa Caranti. "Neuroendocrine Control, Inflammation, and Psychological Aspects After Interdisciplinary Therapy in Obese Women." Hormone and Metabolic Research 51, no. 06 (June 2019): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0896-8853.
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AbstractObesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease promoted by positive energy balance. The objective was to evaluate the effects of interdisciplinary therapy in the neuroendocrine control of food intake, inflammatory markers, and psychological aspects in obese women. Forty-seven obese women (43.32±5.82 years, 34.86±3.08 kg/m2), aged 30–50 years, participated in an interdisciplinary lifestyle change therapy, consisting of nutritional counseling, physical exercises, and psychological therapy for 36 weeks. After the long-term therapy, there was a decrease in body weight (Δ –5.36 kg), BMI (Δ –2.01 kg/m2), abdominal (Δ –9.09 cm), hip (Δ –5.03 cm), and thigh (Δ –5.07 cm) perimeters. There was also a significant improvement in body composition, with an increase in fat-free mass (Δ 1.60%) and reduction of body fat (Δ –3.74 kg). The therapy proposed also provided an improvement in depression scores (Δ –6.63), anxiety (Δ –4.07), body image (Δ –25.25), and binge eating (Δ –5.25). There was a significant reduction in serum levels of leptin (Δ –15.62 ng/ml). The interdisciplinary therapy was able to provide both, physical and psychological benefits in energy balance, which enables the use of this model as a feasible clinical strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Pittermann, Anna, and Christine Radtke. "Psychological Aspects of Breast Reconstruction after Breast Cancer." Breast Care 14, no. 5 (2019): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503024.
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Even though breast cancer mortality is declining, the diagnosis still poses a huge threat for the affected woman and her close family. Breast cancer surgery, which often includes reconstructive procedures, can help restoring a satisfactory body image. The decision on the type of surgery should always be made together with the patient and should focus on her psychosocial needs. This review describes the psychological aspects of breast cancer for the patient and her social environment and offers ideas for a patient-oriented treatment plan.
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Jach, Łukasz, and Sonia Krystoń. "Self-reported body weight and weight-related stigmatization experiences among young adult women—two contexts, but similar attitudes related to body image, mental self-schemas, self-esteem, and stereotypes of people with obesity." PeerJ 9 (September 27, 2021): e12047. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12047.
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Background Weight stigma is a serious challenge because of its negative impact on human health and harmful psychological and behavioral consequences. The aim of the study was to explore and compare the relationships between self-reported body weight and weight-related stigmatization experiences and body image, mental self-image, self-esteem, and stereotypes concerning people with obesity among young adult Polish women (N = 374; aged between 18 and 35). Methods The study was conducted online on a Polish sample recruited through a social network site, a website, and snowball sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assign the respondents to groups with normal or excess weight. We tested whether women enrolled in the study experienced weight-related stigmatization using two questions based on the concepts of spoiled identity and related to the obesity stigma. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale was used to study different aspects of the body image and discrepancies between them. The Self-Discrepancy Questionnaire was used to study the self-schemas associated with mental qualities. The Polish version of the Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale was applied to determine self-esteem level. Stereotypes concerning people with obesity were studied using the semantic differential method. Results Although excess weight was associated with weight-related stigmatization experiences, many women reported confronting such stigmatization even though their body weight was normal according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Women with excess weight and women with weight-related stigmatization experiences were characterized by larger discrepancies between the actual body image and the ideal, reflected, and ought body image, lower self-esteem, and more negative beliefs about their mental actual and reflected self compared to women with normal weight and without weight-related stigmatization experiences. The study participants from all groups tended to believe their actual body image to be ampler than the ideal and the ought body images. They also believed that other people perceived their mental qualities more positively than they did. The study groups were also characterized by negative stereotypes of people with obesity, although these stereotypes were more vital in women with excess weight and women who experienced weight-related stigmatization. Conclusion The study shows the similarity between psychological functioning of women with self-reported excess weight and those who experience weight-related stigma. The results also provide guidelines for practical actions aimed at reducing negative mental outcomes associated with not conforming to body weight standards.
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Gonçalves, Carolina de Oliveira, Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares, Angela Nogueira Neves Betanho Campana, and César Cabello. "Validation of the instrument "Body image after breast cancer" in Brazil." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 20, no. 1 (March 2014): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742014000100002.
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The body image is an important aspect to be considered during the treatment of women with breast cancer. Therefore, we understand the importance of the quality of an instrument that evaluates this condition. The instrument validated in this study can bring new possibilities of studying the effects of cancer treatments on body image. Validation of the questionnaire, translation, cultural adaptation and pre-tests were done with women with breast cancer residents of the States of Alagoas, Pernambuco and São Paulo. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the original model of the instrument is valid, reliable and can be an important tool for identifying the impact of breast cancer on body image of women with this health condition, allowing adjustments in clinical treatment, psychological support and actions of other professionals involved in the treatment.
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Alves, Bárbara Torquato, Antonio Marlos Duarte de Melo, Sâmia Israele Braz Do Nascimento, José Maria Sousa Neto, Itamar Alves Araújo, Teresa Manuela Oliveira Puentes, and Patrícia Sobral Luna Quidute. "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT IN WOMEN AFTER MASTECTOMY WITH AND WITHOUT IMMEDIATE MAMMARY RECONSTRUCTION." Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal 2, no. 4 (July 6, 2018): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/aimj.v2i4.37.
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Breast cancer is a very common pathology in the female environment, being the second largest cause of neoplasia in Brazil. Surgical treatment with mastectomy is seen as resolving in most cases, but breast reconstruction is crucial for improving the psychological aspects of the patient, since the removal of the breast without the oncoplastic can trigger emotional, stress and sadness problems. Breast reconstruction may be immediate, when performed in the postoperative period of the mastectomy, or late, when performed at any time postoperatively. The mastectomy, in isolation, can leave the patient with visible scars, aesthetic deformities in the breasts, causing greater psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, panic syndrome, distortion of body self-image, as well as sexual dysfunctions. Thus, there are still gaps in knowledge in the analysis of the psychological impact and, of course, new researches that analyze the psychological factor in mastectomized women with and without immediate breast reconstruction are crucial to better work the moment of vulnerability that these patients are going through. Keywords: Mastectomy; Breast cancer; Oncoplastic; Breast reconstruction; Psychological problems.
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Danylova, Tetiana. "The Modern-Day Feminine Beauty Ideal, Mental Health, and Jungian Archetypes." Mental Health: Global Challenges Journal 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/mhgcj.v3i1.99.
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Introduction: It can be argued that beauty is not only an aesthetic value, but it is also a social capital which is supported by the global beauty industry. Advertising kindly offers all kinds of ways to acquire and maintain beauty and youth that require large investments. Recent studies demonstrate that physical attractiveness guided by modern sociocultural standards is associated with a higher level of psychological well-being, social ease, assertiveness, and confidence. What is behind this pursuit of ideal beauty and eternal youth: the life-long struggle for survival, selfless love for beauty, or something else that lurks in the depths of the human unconscious?
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze the modern-day feminine beauty ideal through the lens of Jungian archetypes.
Methodology: An extensive literary review of relevant articles for the period 2000-2020 was performed using PubMed and Google databases, with the following key words: “Feminine beauty ideal, body image, beauty and youth, mental health problems, C.G. Jung, archetypes of collective unconsciousness”. Along with it, the author used Jung’s theory of archetypes, integrative anthropological approach, and hermeneutical methodology.
Results and Discussion: Advertising and the beauty industry have a huge impact on women and their self-image. Exposure to visual media depicting idealized faces and bodies causes a negative or distorted self-image. The new globalized and homogenized beauty ideal emphasizes youth and slimness. Over the past few decades, the emphasis on this ideal has been accompanied by an increase in the level of dissatisfaction with their bodies among both women and men. Though face and body image concerns are not a mental health condition in themselves, they have a negative impact on women’s mental health being associated with body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychological distress, low self-esteem, self-harm, suicidal feelings. These trends are of real concern.
The interiorization of the modern standards of female beauty as the image of a young girl impedes the psychological development of women and causes disintegration disabling the interconnection of all elements of the psyche and giving rise to deep contradictions. This unattainable ideal is embodied in the Jungian archetype of the Kore. Without maturity transformations, the image of the Kore, which is so attractive to the modern world, indicates an undeveloped part of the personality. Her inability to grow up and become mature has dangerous consequences. Women “restrain their forward movement” becoming an ideal object of manipulation. Thus, they easily internalize someone’s ideas about what the world should be and about their “right” place in it losing the ability to think critically and giving away power over their lives.
Conclusion: Overcoming the psychological threshold of growing up, achieving deep experience and inner growth, a woman discovers another aspect of the Kore, ceases to be an object of manipulation and accepts reality as it is, while her beauty becomes multifaceted and reflects all aspects of her true personality
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Delaney, Kelley, and Kristine Anthis. "Is Women's Participation in Different Types of Yoga Classes Associated with Different Levels of Body Awareness Satisfaction?" International Journal of Yoga Therapy 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.20.1.t44l6656h22735g6.
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This study examined the relationship between women's participation in different types of Yoga classes and different facets of body image. Ninety-two women at five different sites of Yoga instruction completed assessments of Yoga experience, internalization of Yoga principles, body satisfaction, body awareness, body consciousness, and eating attitudes. Yoga experience was coded according to months/years of practice, self-rated expertise, and how much the classes attended emphasized the "mind" aspects of Yoga (e.g., meditation, breathing, mindfulness, and chanting) as well as the "body" aspects (postures, fitness). Participants in Yoga classes that included more emphasis on the mind showed significantly greater levels of internalizing the teachings of Yoga, as well as greater body awareness and satisfaction. Greater experience with Yoga was associated with lower objectified body consciousness. Greater internalization of Yoga principles was associated with greater body satisfaction and sense of control of the body. Greater self-rated expertise in Yoga was associated with greater body awareness and fewer body shape concerns. None of the Yoga measures was significantly associated with the Eating Attitudes Test, which is designed to measure attitudes and behaviors associated with eating disorders. Although correlational, the results of this study suggest that further attention be paid to how the psychological benefits of Yoga differ across different types of Yoga classes. Future experimental research on the psychological benefits of Yoga should examine the importance of emphasizing a fully integrated mind-body practice rather than only the fitness aspects of Yoga.
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van Oostrom, Iris, Hanne Meijers-Heijboer, Litanja N. Lodder, Hugo J. Duivenvoorden, Arthur R. van Gool, Caroline Seynaeve, Conny A. van der Meer, et al. "Long-Term Psychological Impact of Carrying a BRCA1/2 Mutation and Prophylactic Surgery: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 20 (October 15, 2003): 3867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.10.100.
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Purpose: To explore long-term psychosocial consequences of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation and to identify possible risk factors for long-term psychological distress. Patients and Methods: Five years after genetic test disclosure, 65 female participants (23 carriers, 42 noncarriers) of our psychological follow-up study completed a questionnaire and 51 participants were interviewed. We assessed general and hereditary cancer-related distress, risk perception, openness to discuss the test result with relatives, body image and sexual functioning. Results: Carriers did not differ from noncarriers on several distress measures and both groups showed a significant increase in anxiety and depression from 1 to 5 years follow-up. Carriers having undergone prophylactic surgery (21 of 23 carriers) had a less favorable body image than noncarriers and 70% reported changes in the sexual relationship. A major psychological benefit of prophylactic surgery was a reduction in the fear of developing cancer. Predictors of long-term distress were hereditary cancer-related distress at blood sampling, having young children, and having lost a relative to breast/ovarian cancer. Long-term distress was also associated with less open communication about the test result within the family, changes in relationships with relatives, doubting about the validity of the test result, and higher risk perception. Conclusion: Our findings support the emerging consensus that genetic predisposition testing for BRCA1/2 does not pose major mental health risks, but our findings also show that the impact of prophylactic surgery on aspects such as body image and sexuality should not be underestimated, and that some women are at risk for high distress, and as a result, need more attentive care.
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Alshawish, Eman, Miss Shurouq Qadous, and Miss Ala'a Yamani. "Experience of Palestinian Women After Hysterectomy Using a Descriptive Phenomenological Study." Open Nursing Journal 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874434602014010074.
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Background: Universally, hysterectomy is considered as the second most frequent surgery after cesarean section performed on women in the reproductive age. After a hysterectomy, women no longer have menstrual periods, so they cannot become pregnant. Like most other countries, hysterectomy is the most common major gynecological operation in Palestine. However, the psychological, physical, and sexual consequences of hysterectomy are conflicting, and the findings are mixed. While some studies report that patients experience more significant improvement in their mental health, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction, other studies show that patients report various adverse outcomes, with detrimental effects on sexual functioning being the main concern. Objective: This study aimed to describe women's experiences of hysterectomy and identify their fears, concerns, and what coping mechanisms do they adopt to enhance the quality of their lives. Methodology: Qualitative descriptive phenomenological research design was used in this study. The study aims to gain insight into the experiences of fifteen patients after hysterectomy using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interview was conducted in both private and governmental hospitals using purposeful sampling. Results: Giorgi's phenomenological analysis process was used as a tool for analyzing data. Analysis of the interview transcripts led to five themes, including a total of eighteen subthemes. The first theme is physical change that has pain, insomnia, eating habits, and immobility as subthemes. The second theme is psychological changes with depression, de-socialization, anxiety, and aggressiveness as its subthemes. The third theme is defense mechanisms with praying, listening to music, reciting the Holy Quran, walking, and sports as subthemes. The fourth theme is self-esteem and body image with confidence, appearance, and concerns as subthemes. Lastly, the fifth them is sexuality with excitement and sexual pattern as subthemes. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that hysterectomy had significant adverse effects on patients' body image, and self-esteem. Moreover, the study identified common meanings and themes associated with hysterectomy stressors. These are difficulties or limitations in physical and psychological aspects perceived by patients after hysterectomy. The health care provider must be aware of these potentially problematic issues to provide competent health care.
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Wyatt, Gail E., Tamra Burns Loeb, Katherine A. Desmond, and Patricia A. Ganz. "Does a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse Affect Sexual Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 6 (February 20, 2005): 1261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.01.150.
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Purpose Little is known about a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in breast cancer survivors and its relationship to sexual functioning after cancer. As part of a larger survey study examining sexuality and intimacy in breast cancer survivors, we conducted in-person interviews with a subsample of participants. Methods A total of 147 women in Los Angeles, CA, and Washington, DC, completed a structured interview that addressed sexual socialization and a history of sexual abuse. Trained female interviewers conducted the interviews. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to examine the prevalence of CSA, and its potential impact on sexual health and functioning. Results One in three women reported at least one CSA incident. Among women who had experienced CSA, 71% reported a single incident, and 22% reported a penetrative form of sexual contact. In multivariate regression analyses examining physical and psychological aspects of sexuality and body image, CSA was not a significant predictor of physical discomfort. However, a history of penetrative CSA was a significant predictor of psychological discomfort (P = .02). Conclusion The prevalence of CSA in this sample was similar to the general population literature on this topic. In this small sample, a past history of CSA did not contribute significantly to the physical discomforts associated with sexual intimacy after breast cancer; however, our findings suggest that a past history of penetrative CSA is associated with increased psychological discomfort, and may warrant additional examination in future research.
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García-Rodríguez, Mª Teresa, Adriana Barreiro-Trillo, Rocío Seijo-Bestilleiro, and Cristina González-Martin. "Sexual Dysfunction in Ostomized Patients: A Systematized Review." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050520.
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The impact of an ostomy has a negative influence on sexuality. Healthcare professionals focus the care on surgery, and consider the sexual life is little relevant to the patient recovery. The aim of this systematized review is to give visibility to the sexual problems that ostomy patients have, to know what kind of sexual dysfunction occurs in this patients, to give information to the nursing staff about sexual disturbances and to recommend some resources to restart sexual activity. The research was conducted following de PRISMA guidelines and performed in several databases. Twelve papers were used to perform the systematized review. After ostomy, sexual dysfunction is different in men and women. It is related by the psychological aspects (low self-esteem, body image deterioration, etc.), the physical aspects (type of resection, complications, etc.) and the acceptance by the partner. A personalized sexual education focused on sexual problems that appear in ostomy patients is necessary to implement. In this way, adequate support, information and resources before and after surgery could be given for both, patients and their partners.
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Rocha, Lorena Calline Brito, Margarany Mascarenhas Mendes, and Aline Moreira Ribeiro. "Beliefs and Sexual Education Influence the Development of Female Sexual Dysfunctions? - A Literature Review." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.2.2.01.
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Understanding women in their entirety, considering not only organic aspects but also psychological, sentimental, relational, and beliefs aspects is of paramount importance for the individualized approach to sexual dysfunction. The professional should seek to understand the factors that lead to the development of dysfunctions. Thus, understanding whether sexuality beliefs and education influence sexual dysfunctions may be a differential to treatment success, as well as in the management of attention directed toward women with dysfunction. To identify the influence of beliefs and sexual education for the development of female sexual dysfunctions. We searched publications in the databases SciELO, PubMed and Virtual Health Library covering the following key words: “female sexual dysfunctions”, “beliefs” and “sexual education”. A descriptive analysis of the results was performed in which data presentation followed exclusively the terminologies followed by the authors. Five hundred and fifty-two articles were found. Considering the exclusion criteria, only two articles were selected for review. The sample size was 337 women with a age range of 28.7 to 35 years. The studies were conducted in Portugal and Iran. According to the authors, sexual health education is effective in improving female sexual function, since the belief that sexual desire and pleasure are sinful seems to be related to hypoactive sexual desire. Beliefs about body image may be related to orgasmic disorders in women. The shortage of studies addressing the influence of education and beliefs on female sexual dysfunction demonstrates the importance and necessity of new research using specific markers in order to contribute to a broader and more effective discussion.
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Izydorczyk, Bernadetta, Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska, Kinga Ostrowska, and Jolanta Starosta. "Self-Assessment of the Body and Social Competences in the Group of Mothers and Their Adult Daughters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 8, 2019): 2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162824.
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The main research objective of this study was seeking the predictive role of general self-esteem and the body image in social competences among women and their biological daughters. As it stands, there is a lack of research showing the mothers and their adult daughters at the same time in the context of measuring the same psychological variables, i.e., general self-esteem, self-assessment of the body and specific social competences in the scope of behaviour in intimate situations, situations requiring social exposure and assertiveness. The study group comprised 102 individuals; 51 pairs of mothers (40–64 years old, M = 51.33) and their biological daughters (19–25 years old, M = 22.49). The following instruments were used: The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, the Social Competence Scale, categorized interview (to measure BMI and collect data describing the criteria for selection to the research group). The significance of the differences and the stepwise regression analysis were performed. The results of the study demonstrated the following to be significant predictors of social competences in subjects: General self-esteem B = 0.615, discrepancy real-obligatory body image B = 0.275 among daughters, and physical condition B = 0.362 in mothers. The general self-esteem of daughters positively influences all verified types of their social competences (competences in intimate situations, in case of social exposure and ability to be assertive). However, it is the significant predictor only for mothers’ competences in dealing with situations of social exposure. Discrepancy real-obligatory body image: Seems to be the predictor of daughters’ social competences conditioning effectiveness in situations requiring assertiveness. The physical condition among mothers seems to be especially important for their assertiveness and effectiveness in intimate situations. The conflict between the real and the ideal body image is also an important aspect in predicting the assertiveness in the group of mothers. The study results can prove to be helpful in creating preventive and educational programs focused on self-esteem and social competencies in women, including the context of the relation between mothers and their daughters.
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Rosiek, Stanisław. "Ciała pozbawiane powierzchni. Imago." Schulz/Forum, no. 13 (October 28, 2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2019.13.01.
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Both drawings (the one from the first page of the fascicle and the other from the outer side of the cover) show two degrees, two stages of the decomposition of form. In the same process, bodies lose their integrity. They were shown by Schulz as a series of leaping aspects which are disconnected, hence discontinuous. The drawings were made in the 1930s. The beginning of the draughtsman’s development did not anticipate such a great catastrophe of bodily forms. In his works from the second and in part also third decade of the 20th century Schulz defined human figures precisely and unambiguously. Then, however, the proud poses which he took when drawing himself (e. g., in his narcissistic Lvov portrait) or other figures (Budracka or Weingarten) probably could not be repeated. In the final decade of his life (and artistic activity) Schulz was drawing differently, perhaps because he perceived himself and the others in a different way. The body? The draughtsman presents it as just a cluster of vibrating lines. A self-portrait? It is possible only as a psychological study, an exaggerated caricature that stresses individual traits or an icon of oneself (the big head with a hat on top, a small size). In hundreds of compulsive sketches drawn in the 1930s even those principles were not respected any more. The bodies that Schulz drew then, no matter if it was his own body or someone else’s, often approach a boundary behind which there is only trembling. Displacement and movement. Schulz’s sketches do not search for form. They are testimonies of its destruction or maybe better, its palpitation, solution and scattering.
For the eye, the body is a phenomenon of the surface. It is only the reduction of distance in an act of love (or aggression) or even a common handshake that change that state. Perhaps then the problem of Schulz’s representation of the body is reduced to perception. The drawn body has no smell or weight (or taste – it is not “meaty”). One cannot even touch it. A hand that makes an attempt to touch naked women, who in Schulz’s drawings take majestic and provocative poses, touches only a sheet of paper. The drawn body exists just for the eye. Thus the last chance for the existing body is keeping its surface. Why is it then that the body from Schulz’s late drawings loses its integrity, why does it so often fall apart under our eyes? What is the body for Schulz-the draughtsman and Schulz-the writer? How does he experience his own corporeality? How does he see himself? How do others see him?
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Iqbal, Shazia, Khalid Akkour, Bushra Bano, Ghaiath Hussain, Manal Khalid Kamal Ali Elhelow, Atheer Mansour Al-Mutairi, and Balqees Sami Khaza'l Aljasim. "Awareness about Vulvovaginal Aesthetics Procedures among Medical Students and Health Professionals in Saudi Arabia." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 43, no. 03 (March 2021): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725050.
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Abstract Objective The present study aimed to explore the opinion and ethical consideration of vulvovaginal aesthetics procedures (VVAPs) among health professionals and medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed between January 2020 and April 2020. Data was collected through electronic media, WhatsApp, and emails. The results were analyzed by applying the Students t-test, and correlations were considered significant if they presented a p-value < 0.05. Results There is significant demand to educate doctors, health professionals, medical students, and gynecologists for the VVAPs to have a solid foundation, justified indications, and knowledge about various aesthetic options. Although female doctors, medical students, young doctors, and gynecologists have more knowledge about VVAPs, all health professionals ought to be aware of recent trends in vulvovaginal aesthetics (VVA). The present analysis determined that VVA should be under the domain of gynecologists, rather than under that of plastic surgeons, general surgeons, and cosmetologists. The majority of the participants considered that vaginal rejuvenation, “G-spot” augmentation, clitoral surgery, and hymenoplasty are not justifiable on medical grounds. Conclusion The decision to opt for different techniques for vaginal tightening and revitalization should be taken very carefully, utilizing the shared decision-making approach. Ethical aspects and moral considerations are important key factors before embarking in the VVAPs purely for cosmetic reasons. Further research is required to determine the sexual, psychological, and body image outcomes for women who underwent elective VVAPs. Moreover, medical educators must consider VVAPs as part of the undergraduate and postgraduate medical curriculum.
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Bashir, Manzar, Rida Sarfraz, Khubaib Ur Rehman, and Muqaddas Javed. "Protrusion of Simon de Beauvoir, A Propelled Portrayal of Feminism in Orlando on Elizabethan Epoch." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct.21.03.
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It is a stiff known fact that in chauvinistic society, a female has been taken as a suppressed commodity. The ultimate dependence is the main factor in the marginalization of females in society. Although, in a country where the female population is more than men’s, such topics of female subjugation can be traced from the shared history. This study aims at the various factors through which the main character of the movie and novel “Orlando” has gone through the acute transformation from a weaker position to being in command and strong. This paper is based on the qualitative methodology and it will probe traces through which the protagonist is viewed through the lens of Simon de Beauvoir’s Second Sex and gender differences (Beauvoir, 1993). Complete analysis in terms of the body language from being submissive to outrageous, from vulnerable to gaining strength, this research will significantly try to scan all the aspects through which a character is transformed. This paper will also try to probe the socio-psychological factors through which an individual suffers through the anguish (Ranjan, 2019 ). The protagonist's anguish has been depicted and will be analyzed in the light of famous feminist theorist Simon de Beauvoir's “The Second Sex” (Beauvoir, 1976). While engaging and clashing for the dependability this investigation likewise examines the complexities agonized over the opportunity of enunciation of the protagonist from the two portrayals that are film and text. This examination will open vistas to contemplate the grievance forced by the financial components that pressurises a person, as far as possible, where one has to decide between giving up or revolting against the shackles of society. By the execution of Beauvoir's idea on the screen transformation of "Orlando" composed by Virginia Woolf (Woolf, 1993), the spitting image of women in Elizabethan civilization and her insurrection is illustrated. This paper is a significant effort to highlight the cobwebs encapsulating an individual and their strife to survive and breathe in the same existing world.
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Silva, M. M., A. L. Ferreira, J. Faintuch, M. Maio, C. C. Bresciani, J. Gama-Rodrigues, and B. Zilberstein. "Psychological importance of body image in obese women." Clinical Nutrition 22 (August 2003): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80078-x.
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Atamanov, Vadim M., T. P. Demicheva, and E. S. Ivashova. "Clinical-psychological aspects deficiency syndrome body mass." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-3-262-266.
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The authors assessed psychological and clinical manifestations in 30 women: 12 patients with anorexia nervosa and 18 acquired malabsorption. Used the methodology of life-meaningful orientations D. A. Leontiev, the level of depression according to Beck, the level of subjective control in Baino and co-authors.In these diseases characterized by progressive depression, loss of body weight. Patients with anorexia nervosa were characterized by artificially-induced vomiting, reduce the number of meaningful parameters, and maintaining the level of orientation in the manufacturing sector. Acquired malabsorption characterized by diarrhea, decreased life options while maintaining the level of orientations in interpersonal and family spheres.
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Brodie, D. A., and P. D. Slade. "The relationship between body-image and body-fat in adult women." Psychological Medicine 18, no. 3 (August 1988): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700008308.
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SynopsisMeasures of body-fat or adiposity, body-image, and other psychological variables were obtained from a sample of 100 female volunteer subjects. The measures of adiposity included surface anthropometry, underwater weighing and a new electrical impedance method. Body-image measures were derived from two experimental techniques, namely the visual-size estimation (or calliper) method and a distorting-mirror, and also from a self-report body-satisfaction scale (BSS).The main findings were that measures of adiposity were positively and significantly related to each other. But, that by contrast, measures of body-image separated out into three distinct sets, namely: (i) ‘mirror’ accuracy, (2) ‘callipers’ accuracy, and (3) ‘dissatisfaction/desire for change’. The ‘accuracy’ measures were found to be unrelated to measures of adiposity or other psychological variables: while the ‘dissatisfaction’ measures were found to relate to both of these. The implications of these findings for future studies of weight and eating disorder groups are discussed.
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Fahami, Fariba, Maryam Amini-Abchuyeh, and Asghar Aghaei. "The relationship between psychological wellbeing and body image in pregnant women." Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 23, no. 3 (2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_178_16.
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Kharkova, Olga Aleksandrovna, Larisa Grigoryevna Kiseleva, Andrey Gorgonyevich Solovyev, Galina Nikolayevna Chumakova, and Yekaterina Mikhaylova Gryzunova. "Clinical and psychological aspects of smoking among pregnant women." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf1123-7.
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Analysis of foreign and Russian studies on the tobacco smoking consequences permit to sort out two main aspects: clinical and psychological. Clinical aspect is presented by studies on the tobacco smoking effects on the body of both pregnant women and fetus, and the subsequent development of the child. Psychological aspect is described mental and behavioral disorders of the mother and the child due to use of tobacco during gestation.
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E. Marshall, Catherine, Christina O. Lengyel, and Verena H. Menec. "Body image and body work among older women: a review." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-11-2013-0042.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on body image and aging among older women. Using existing qualitative research, this paper explores how aging affects body image and how women respond to body image issues as they age. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple databases were used to locate original and review articles on the topics of body image and aging, with a target population of women ages 60 years and older. The findings of the literature search were compiled, summarized and sorted to create themes. Findings – Women struggle with body image issues throughout their lives. Women tend to perceive age-related changes in appearance negatively, as a threat to their identity and social value. This is due, in part, to the sociocultural environment, which pressures women to “fight” aging and maintain an ideal (young and thin) image at all costs. Some women do come to terms with their aging body and report increased self-acceptance with age. However, others turn to various forms of body work (e.g. dieting, hair dye, makeup) in order to maintain their value in an appearance-based society. Practical implications – Poor body image can affect older women's emotional, psychological and physical health and overall well-being. Health care professionals, community workers and policy makers need to be made aware of these issues so that they can respond appropriately. Originality/value – There has been limited research exploring body image among older women. This paper identifies gaps in the literature and suggests avenues for future research in this area.
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Hansen, Laura Birke, Yskert von Kodolitsch, Friedrich Schroeder, and Dieter Benninghoven. "Body Image in Patients with Marfan Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041015.
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This study aimed to assess body image impairments of individuals with Marfan syndrome and to determine to what extent psychological, physical, and sociodemographic factors influence body image. We assessed the physical fitness and psychosocial health of 42 patients with Marfan syndrome at the beginning of an inpatient rehabilitation program. All participants filled out a body image questionnaire consisting of two scales: (1) Negative Body Evaluation and (2) Vital Body Dynamics. We compared body image data of the study sample with the German representative norming sample and carried out two separate regression analyses in order to determine which variables were associated with the two dimensions of patients’ body image. Body image of individuals with Marfan syndrome appeared to be significantly impaired, with high percentile ranks for Negative Body Evaluation (women = 88, men = 91) and low percentile ranks for Vital Body Dynamics (women = 11, men = 4). Vital Body Dynamics was predicted by age (p = 0.016) and by depression (p < 0.001), and Negative Body Evaluation was predicted by anxiety (p = 0.001). Body image in individuals with Marfan syndrome is not primarily determined by objective measures of fitness or by objective cardiac impairment but by psychological variables like depression and anxiety and by age. This finding can inform treatment and rehabilitation concepts. Accepting Marfan syndrome, including the acceptance of being visually different, may not only demand medical treatment and physical rehabilitation but also psychological treatment for depression and anxiety.
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Belogai, K. N., I. S. Morozova, E. S. Kagan, M. I. Gubanova, and Yu V. Borisenko. "Developing a Positive Body Image in Young Women by the Means of Training Technologies." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 27, no. 4 (2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270402.
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The paper presents the analysis of the positive body image formation among young women, characterizes determinants of female body image and describes the results of an experimental study. The purpose of the study was to test the possibility of developing a positive body image by the means of psychological training. The study involved women aged 18—20 (N=64). The methods included questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the body image of young women was associated with unrealistic external standards, and there is a certain ambivalence to them. On the one hand, the indicators of the component of the body image which included information and evaluation are quite high in youth, but body dissatisfaction is also high and a significant part of the girls rely on external standards in assessing attractiveness. In the course of the formative experiment, it was found that the development of positive body image is promoted by personal psychological training aimed at reducing weight and body shape concerns, expanding internalized stereotypes about the body and increasing the body’s worthiness (differences in the body image components before and after training are significant at p≤0.05).
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Fang, Su-Ying, Hong-Tai Chang, and Bih-Ching Shu. "Objectified Body Consciousness, Body Image Discomfort, and Depressive Symptoms Among Breast Cancer Survivors in Taiwan." Psychology of Women Quarterly 38, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684314552652.
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The literature comparing the effects of breast reconstructive surgery, breast-conserving surgery, and mastectomy on body image and mental health yields conflicting results. Objectified body consciousness may be a factor that influences the psychological well-being of breast cancer survivors. Women with average time of 19 months from breast cancer surgery were approached in outpatient clinics to participate in our study. Using structural equation modeling, we tested and verified a model that included self-reported objectified body consciousness, cancer-related body image discomfort, and depression among 193 breast cancer survivors in Taiwan. Our results provided support for the hypothesized indirect relation of objectified body consciousness with depression through the mediating role of cancer-related body image discomfort. Specifically, women with higher objectified body consciousness levels reported more cancer-related body image discomfort, which in turn was related to greater depression. Additionally, the degree of this mediation relationship across surgery types was different. These findings are significant to clinicians who should be cognizant of the potential role of objectified body consciousness in promoting cancer-related body image discomfort and depression in breast cancer survivors. Encouraging women to clarify their perceptions of their new bodies and providing care combined with psychological counseling after breast cancer surgery are critical.
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Cash, Thomas F. "Body-Image Attitudes: Evaluation, Investment, and Affect." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3_suppl (June 1994): 1168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1168.
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The structure of the attitudinal body-image construct was examined by factor analysis of 11 body-image measures among 279 college women. Results support a distinction between evaluative or affective and cognitive-behavioral investment components. Multiple regression analysis further indicated that the optimal prediction of negative body-image affect requires both evaluative and investment aspects of body image.
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Jarry, Josée L. "The Meaning of Body Image for Women with Eating Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 4 (May 1998): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300404.
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Objective: To propose a theoretical model accounting for the meaning and function of body image disturbances for individuals with eating disorders. This model departs from available conceptualizations of body image focused on attractiveness and emphasizes the role of body image preoccupations in the regulation of self-esteem and affect. Method: This model was developed on the basis of the author's clinical observations and the available empirical research. Results: Three main functions of body image are described. The first one, “affiliation,” consists of using one's appearance in the establishment of interpersonal relationships, both at the level of friendship and romance. The second function, “avoidance,” consists of using one's body image to avoid abuse, be it psychological, physical, or sexual. The third function, “expression,” consists of using one's body image to communicate to the self and others one's capacity for accomplishment or one's inner feelings of dejection. Conclusion: This model is designed to be a therapeutic tool within body image therapy. Body image therapy can be most effective when focused on the unique meaning of body image for each individual patient.
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Fatma, F., I. Baati, M. Mseddi, R. Sallemi, H. Turki, and J. Masmoudi. "The psychological impact of melasma. A report of 30 Tunisian women." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1130.
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IntroductionMelasma is a common disorder of acquired hyperpigmentation characterized by tan or brown macules and patches localized to photo-exposed areas of the face.ObjectiveTo study the psychological impact of melasma on Tunisian women.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on thirty patients with melasma who attended the dermatology department of the University Hospital in Sfax (Tunisia).The questionnaire included socio-demographic and clinical data. We used four measurement scales:– MELASQOL questionnaire;– Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale;– Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale;– Body Image Questionnaire.ResultsThe mean age was 34.6 years. The majority was living in urban areas (90%), was married (56.7%) and had a profession (80%).Sixty percent of patients were anxious and 16.7% were depressed. Both self-esteem and body image were respectively altered in 43.3% and 36.6%. The average score of MELASQOL was 31.77%. It was higher in single woman (36.8 vs. 28.4), younger than 40 years old (31.5 vs. 21.7), having a low socioeconomic status (45.2 vs. 29) and working in private sector (40 vs. 24).The quality of life was more damaged in patients with disease duration less than five years (P = 0.024).Anxious patients had higher MELASQOL scores than non-anxious (38.17 vs. 22.17; P = 0.008), as well as depressed patients (49 vs. 28.32; P = 0.009).High MELASQOL scores were correlated with low self-esteem (P = 0.05) and altered body image (P = 0.04).ConclusionAlthough benign, melasma causes an important psychological impact such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and poor body image. These effects should be considered in the care plan.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Al - Araji, Assist Prof Dr Ibrahim Mortada Ibrahim. "Body Image and Labour Anxiety among Pregnant, and they relation with some Variables." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 222, no. 2 (November 6, 2018): 145–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v222i2.401.
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Pregnancy is a purely physiological process, but there are physical and psychological changes that the pregnant woman tells in her pregnancy. On the physical level and external appearance, the pregnant woman has many changes such as weight gain, abdominal and chest hypertrophy, and changes in the skin. On the psychological level, the pregnant woman suffers some disorders and psychological crises such as anxiety from pregnancy, childbirth and depression. The current study studies two important variables related to pregnancy (body image) and (birth anxiety) in pregnant women. And examine the relationship between them and their relationship to some variables (age, number of pregnancies and birth, month of pregnancy, and sex of the fetus). Two instruments were designed to detect body image and obstetric anxiety, and were applied to a sample of pregnant women (126) The results showed that the more negative the image of the body in pregnant women, the higher the levels of birth anxiety, and the age of the pregnant woman contributed to predicting the body image, while both the age of the pregnant woman and the number of birth times in the prediction of concern birth.
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Ilyasova, Katherine. "PHYSICALITY AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1 (10) (2019): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2019.1(10).10.
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The article is devoted to the problem of corporeality as a psychological phenomenon. The problem of the human body and physicality is affected in many areas of psychology. The psychology of corporeality is not a scientific research. We study the genesis of the concept of "body" in works of domestic and foreign researchers. Particular attention needs to be paid to the analysis of factors influencing the perception of one's own physicality. Corporeality is understood as a sociocultural phenomenon — the body of a person, having social and cultural features, is transformed under the influence of social and cultural factors. The connection between corporeality and human self-evaluation is proved. The article analyzes the psychology of corporeality in the historical aspect and from the standpoint of various scientific approaches. It is noted that in modern psychological studies there is a tendency to differentiate the consideration of various aspects of physicality. A theoretical analysis of modern psychological researches in the field of physicality is conducted. In the age of globalization without borders, and under the conditions of socio- cultural space virtualization, body becomes an apotheosis of eclecticism, merging together all that had seemed incompatible. On the basis of empirical research, the level of satisfaction with the own body of clients of cosmetologists and medical institutions is investigated. Article presents the results of methodological and empirical analysis of the satisfaction with body. Results show that body image is a category engendered and determined mostly by psychological factors. Body image may have a significant influence on the human well-being. Article describes the results of the study of the cosmetology institutions client satisfaction of their own body. Prospects for further research are identified.
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Afonso Jr, Armando, Thales Ferro, Luis Anunciação, and J. Landeira-Fernandez. "Aspects Related to Body Image and Eating Behaviors in Healthy Brazilian Undergraduate Students." Global Journal of Educational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/gjes.v4i1.12541.
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The discrepancy between one’s actual body and the ideal body, especially among young adults, can lead to body dissatisfaction in both men and women, which is commonly accepted to be central to eating disorders. We explored aspects of body image and eating disorders in healthy Brazilian students (n = 219) using two standardized measures (Body Shape Questionnaire [BSQ-34] and Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-26]) and assessing height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the history of physical activity. We also analyzed the ability of one measure to predict another. Linear multiple regression was used to verify which variables best predicted the scale outcomes. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was used for variable selection. The results suggested that women have a greater risk of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Both instruments had variables that significantly predicted each other’s results, whereas BMI was only associated with BSQ-34 scores. These findings broaden our understanding of eating disorders and body image.
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Argitis, P., P. Platari, K. Gatsiou, C. Chatzidai, and K. Paschalidis. "Psychological Effect of Semi-permanent Tattooing Rehabilitation in Patients with Mastectomy in 12 Months Period." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1143.
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IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer type in Greek women as more than 4000 new cases are diagnosed every year. Seventy percent of those patents performs a type mastectomy. The breast has a societal and social connotation of femininity, motherhood, and sexuality.BackgroundSeveral studies support the existence of the relationship between psychological problems and mastectomy surgery. Body image and feminine self-concept also seems to influence quality of life of those women, considering the breast association of femininity, motherhood, and sexuality. During this study, we try to investigate how a non-psychiatric intervention might influence the mental state and the quality of life of those women.MaterialA clinical interview was performed in 53 women with partial or total mastectomy before 3 and 52 weeks after the rehabilitation with the method of semi-permanent tattooing.MethodsData were collected during the personal interviews, using Hamilton anxiety rating scale (Ham-A), body image scale and sexual activity questionnaire.ResultsModerate levels of anxiety were identified before the rehabilitation, associated with poor body image scale scores and sexual difficulties. Both Ham-A and body image score ameliorated after 3 weeks with unchanged sexual behaviour. One year after rehabilitation, anxiety scale score raises close to initial values, body image remains unchanged, comparing with the 3rd week interview and significant improvement noticed in sexual activity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Guszkowska, Monika. "The Body Image Of Physically Active And Inactive Women." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2015-0015.
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Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to compare the image of the body, the level of its acceptance and satisfaction with it, as well as anxiety about one’s physical appearance and overall self-esteem in a group of adult women who did fitness exercise and those who were physically inactive. Material and methods. The study involved 464 women aged 18 to 35 years (M=25.49; SD=5.24), including 277 women who exercised regularly in fitness clubs in Warsaw and 187 women who did not engage in regular physical activity. The following instruments were adapted and used for the purposes of the study: the Figure Rating Scale, the Body Satisfaction Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and a questionnaire designed by the authors. Student’s t-test was used to determine the differences between the two groups. Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of actual and ideal body parameters; however, the discrepancies between actual and ideal height and BMI were greater in women who were not physically active. The women who did fitness exercise were less dissatisfied with their overall and facial appearance, and they had higher self-esteem and lower anxiety about their physical appearance that those who were inactive. No significant intergroup differences were found for the subjects’ ideal and actual figures or for those preferred by women and preferred by men, nor for the discrepancies between these figures. Conclusions. Differences in the body image of adult women who did fitness exercise and those who were physically inactive were revealed for the emotional aspects of body image, but not for the cognitive ones. The differences found in the study are likely to be due to the selection of subjects and they do not provide sufficient evidence to prove that exercise has a positive impact on body image.
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Gebauer, Carolin, Verena Guenther, and Kristina Stuerz. "Differences in the Body Images of Blind and Sighted Women." European Journal of Health Psychology 26, no. 2 (April 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000029.
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Abstract. This study addresses aspects of body image in blind versus seeing women. Eighty-nine congenitally blinded and 153 sighted women completed questionnaires to demographic, health-relevant data, and body image. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to demographic and health-relevant data. However, significantly more women have children among the sighted group. All women generally presented as clinically inconspicuous in all factors of the body image. A group comparison does not reveal differences with regard to physical contact, vitality, and self-exaltation. However, a significantly lower sexual fulfillment among the blind persons in comparison to the seeing persons, but a significantly higher self-acceptance, is demonstrated. The results are discussed in the context of the previous scarce findings with regard to body image disorders in blind women and finally questioned whether they could benefit the therapy of body scheme disorders in seeing women.
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Morone, Giovanni, Marco Iosa, Augusto Fusco, Antonella Scappaticci, Maria Rosaria Alcuri, Vincenzo Maria Saraceni, Stefano Paolucci, and Teresa Paolucci. "Effects of a Multidisciplinary Educational Rehabilitative Intervention in Breast Cancer Survivors: The Role of Body Image on Quality of Life Outcomes." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/451935.
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In breast cancer survivors, own body image may change due to physical and psychological reasons, worsening women’s living. The aim of the study was to investigate whether body image may affect the functional and quality of life outcomes after a multidisciplinary and educational rehabilitative intervention in sixty women with primary nonmetastatic breast cancer who have undergone conservative surgery. To assess the quality of life was administered The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Study Group on Quality of Life core questionnaire, while to investigate the psychological features and self-image were administered the following scales: the Body Image Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. To assess the recovery of the function of the shoulder were administered: the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire and the Constant-Murley Score. Data were collected at the baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. We found a general improvement in the outcomes related to quality of life, and physical and psychological features after treatment (P< 0.001). During follow-up period, a higher further improvement in women without alterations in body image in respect of those with an altered self-perception of their own body was found (P= 0.01). In conclusion, the body image may influence the efficacy of a rehabilitative intervention, especially in the short term of follow-up.
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Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro, Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias, Domingo J. Ramos-Campo, Cristina Reche-García, Belén Leyva-Vela, and Yolanda Nadal-Nicolás. "Psychological and Sleep Effects of Tryptophan and Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet in Women with Fibromyalgia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072227.
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Anxiety, mood disturbance, eating and sleep disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image are prevalent disorders in women with fibromyalgia. The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of tryptophan (TRY) and magnesium-enriched (MG) Mediterranean diet on psychological variables (trait anxiety, mood state, eating disorders, self-image perception) and sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia (n = 22; 49 ± 5 years old). In this randomized, controlled trial, the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the placebo group. The intervention group received a Mediterranean diet enriched with high doses of TRY and MG (60 mg of TRY and 60 mg of MG), whereas the control group received the standard Mediterranean diet. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS-29) Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test-26, and Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed before and 16 weeks after the intervention. Significant differences were observed between groups after the intervention for the mean scores of trait anxiety (p = 0.001), self-image perception (p = 0.029), mood disturbance (p = 0.001), and eating disorders (p = 0.006). This study concludes that tryptophan and magnesium-enriched Mediterranean diet reduced anxiety symptoms, mood disturbance, eating disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image but did not improve sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia.
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Morales-Sánchez, Lucía, Violeta Luque-Ribelles, Paloma Gil-Olarte, Paula Ruiz-González, and Rocío Guil. "Enhancing Self-Esteem and Body Image of Breast Cancer Women through Interventions: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041640.
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Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide, considered a global public health problem. Among BC women, some of the most common psychological symptoms in the adaptation to the disease are reduction in self-esteem and distorted body image (BI). Although there are numerous studies with the goal of promoting different psychological variables, BI and self-esteem are often separately observed despite their relationship and their importance in the process of the illness. Moreover, there have been no reviews that have synthesized the findings related to interventions aimed at enhancing both self-esteem and BI in BC women. Therefore, the objective of this review was to identify and examine the implemented interventions aimed at boosting both variables in this population. For this purpose, a systematic review was implemented following the PRISMA statement. A thorough search was performed on the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, PsychArticles, and Scopus. Among 287 records, only eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Interventions were grouped into three types according to their characteristics: Group therapies, Physical activity therapies, and Cosmetic and beauty treatments. The levels of effectiveness of the different interventions varied between them, and within each, in their impact on self-esteem and BI. More interventions focused on developing BI and self-esteem in this population are needed due to their ability to predict psychological functioning and quality of life of women with breast cancer.
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TANAKA, Yuka. "Psychological influences of menopause on middle-aged women, focusing on their consciousness about body image." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 76 (September 11, 2012): 1EVB19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.76.0_1evb19.
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Miller, Sarah J., Julie B. Schnur, Sarah L. Weinberger-Litman, and Guy H. Montgomery. "The relationship between body image, age, and distress in women facing breast cancer surgery." Palliative and Supportive Care 12, no. 5 (August 14, 2013): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951513000321.
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AbstractObjectives:Research suggests that the strength of the relationship between body image and emotional distress decreases with age. Past research has focused on expected aging-related body changes, and has not yet examined unexpected body changes (e.g., breast cancer surgery). The present post-hoc study assessed relationships between age, body image, and emotional distress in women facing breast cancer surgery.Methods:Older (≥65 years, n = 40) and younger (<65 years, n = 40) women were matched on race/ethnicity, marital status, and surgery type. Within one week prior to surgery, participants completed measures of demographics, aspects of body image, and emotional distress (general and surgery-specific).Results:Results indicated that: (1) body image did not differ by age (p > 0.999); (2) older women reported less pre-surgical emotional distress than younger women (p's < 0.01); and, (3) age moderated the relationship between body image and emotional distress (p's < 0.06).Significance of results:The results suggest that younger women, particularly those with poor body image, are at an increased risk for pre-surgical emotional distress. These women may benefit from pre-surgical interventions designed to improve body image or to reduce pre-surgical emotional distress.
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de Sousa, Pedro Miguel Lopes. "Body-Image and Obesity in Adolescence: A Comparative Study of Social-Demographic, Psychological, and Behavioral Aspects." Spanish Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (November 2008): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004558.
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In current society, body and beauty's cult emerge as one of the main factors of adolescence. That leads adolescents to be dissatisfied with their own appearance, to psychological maladjustment, and nutritional disorders. This quantitative, exploratory, and cross-sectional research evaluates how adolescents perceive their weight and the prevalence of obesity in a sample of adolescents from the district of Viseu (Portugal). It also attempted to compare the relation of body-image and obesity with sociodemographic (school, sex, age, socioeconomic status, family functioning), psychological (self-concept, depression, school success) and behavioral aspects (physical inactivity). After data analyses, it was verified that the prevalence of obesity was 8.8% but 12.7% considered themselves obese. These adolescents had higher physical inactivity, poorer family functioning, a lower self-concept, and a higher depression index. The really obese adolescents were older and had poorer academic results. Obesity was higher in boys, but girls perceived themselves more as being obese. In conclusion, it is essential to evaluate weight perception in addition to body mass index (BMI), because the main problem could be related not only to being obese, but also to the perception of having a higher than ideal weight.
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Veale, D., E. Eshkevari, N. Ellison, A. Costa, D. Robinson, A. Kavouni, and L. Cardozo. "Psychological characteristics and motivation of women seeking labiaplasty." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 3 (May 10, 2013): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001025.
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BackgroundLabiaplasty is an increasingly popular surgical intervention but little is known about the characteristics and motivation of women who seek the procedure or the psychosexual outcome.MethodA total of 55 women seeking labiaplasty were compared with 70 women who did not desire labiaplasty. Various general measures of psychopathology as well as specific measures (Genital Appearance Satisfaction; Cosmetic Procedure Screening for labiaplasty) were used. Labia measurements of the women seeking labiaplasty were also obtained.ResultsWomen seeking labiaplasty did not differ from controls on measures of depression or anxiety. They did, however, express increased dissatisfaction towards the appearance of their genitalia, with lower overall sexual satisfaction and a poorer quality of life in terms of body image. Women seeking labiaplasty reported a significantly greater frequency of avoidance behaviours on all the domains assessed, and greater frequency of safety-seeking behaviours for most of the domains. Key motivations reported for labiaplasty were categorized as cosmetic, functional or sexual. Of the 55 women seeking labiaplasty, 10 met diagnostic criteria for body dysmorphic disorder.ConclusionsThis is the first controlled study to describe some of the characteristics and motivations of women seeking labiaplasty. We identified a wide range of avoidance and safety-seeking behaviours, which occurred more frequently in the labiaplasty group than the control group. These could be used clinically as part of a psychological intervention for women seeking labiaplasty.
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Rosta, M. L., F. Porfiri, A. Zaccaria, G. Giannetti, M. Scoppetta, P. Giustacchini, A. Iaconelli, et al. "Body Image in Bariatric surgery candidates." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.773.
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IntroductionBody image is a multidimensional concept that has assumed a significant role in eating disorders in which affective and perceptual distortions have been documented. Obesity is not a psychiatric disorder according to DSM-5 but several studies highlighted the presence of body image diseases in obesity.ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to evaluate the presence of body uneasiness in obese seeking for Bariatric surgery and to correlate it with psychopathological symptoms, psychosocial and anamnestic variables.MethodsFrom June 2014 to June 2016, we enrolled 537 Bariatric surgery candidates. Body image was investigated using the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT-A), a 34-item self-report questionnaire which measures weight phobia (WP), body image concerns (BIC), avoidance (A), compulsive self-monitoring (CSM), detachment and depersonalization (D). Psychopathological symptoms and personality traits have been evaluated using SCL90R and MMPI-2.ResultsDescriptive analyzes showed that BUT subscales were altered in most of our sample. Correlations of Pearson underlined significant associations between BUT subscales and SCL90R subscales. No correlation was found between BMI, marital status and BUT scores, while young, female and unemployed people had more difficulties with body.ConclusionsOur data highlight the presence of considerable body uneasiness in obese, correlated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms but independent from the severity of obesity. This seems to reflect the mind-body split detected both in obesity and in eating disorders. Therefore, a multidisciplinary integrated approach including psychological work on cognitive, emotional and perceptual aspects of body image will help patients to improve coping with corporeal changes achieved through surgery.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Khramtsova, N. I., Yu Yu Zaiakin, S. A. Plaksin, A. S. Glushenkov, and M. V. Fadeeva. "SOME METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSMENTOFBODY IMAGEIN SURGICAL PATIENTS." Novosti Khirurgii 29, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18484/2305-0047.2021.2.154.
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Objective. To identify the possibilities of using of the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R (T.F. Cash) questionnaires to study the body image and its components in healthy women and in surgical patients. Methods. The study included 444 apparently healthy women, 40 patients of a surgical hospital and 40 clients of a plastic surgeon using BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires to assess the quality of life due to the characteristics of self-perception. Results. The average scores of the questionnaires were: BIQLI - 1.41±0.91 (CI 1.32; 1.49); ASI-R - 3.53±0.55 (CI 3.48; 3.59). Cronbach Alpha: BIQLI - 0.94; ASI-R - 0.84. For the self-esteem scale of the ASI-R questionnaire - 3.42±0.64 (CI 3.35; 3.48); Cronbach alpha - 0.82. For the ASI-R motivation scale - 3.71±0.58 (CI 3.65; 3.76); Cronbach alpha - 0.65. Pearson coefficients inside the questionnaires: BIQLI - 0.5-0.8; ASI-R - 0.3-0.7; motivation scale with a total score - 0.8; self-assessment scale with a total score - 0.9; scales of motivation and self-esteem among themselves - 0.5. 399 (89.8%) respondents had a positive body image. In surgical patients, the median BIQLI score was 1.5, in plastic surgeon clients - 1.5, a positive body image - in 33 (82.5%) and 32 (80 %), respectively. Astatistically significant difference was revealed only on the issue of “relations with their family” (p=0.01). Conclusion. High reliability and validity of the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires were revealed in determining the quality of life associated with the perception of their own appearance in practically healthy women, which makes it possible to recommend them for use in scientific research. The developed version of BIQLI questionnaires can be recommended for widespread use and in practical research, including the surgical patients. What this paper adds For the first time, the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R (T.F. Cash) body image questionnaires were validated on a representative sample; their reliability, stability and internal consistency were assessed, and the possibilities of their use for studying the body image and its components among surgical patients were identified. High reliability and validity of the Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires in determining the quality of life associated with the perception of their own appearance in practically healthy women were revealed. The Russian-language versions of the BIQLI and ASI-R questionnaires tested in the study can be recommended for use in scientific research.
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Spatuzzi, Roberta, Anna Vespa, Primo Lorenzi, Guido Miccinesi, Marcello Ricciuti, Wanda Cifarelli, Marina Susi, et al. "Evaluation of Social Support, Quality of Life, and Body Image in Women with Breast Cancer." Breast Care 11, no. 1 (2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443493.
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Background: This study was aimed at comparing the quality of life, body image, and perceived social support in women with breast cancer surgery. Patients and Methods: Patients receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) (n = 72), mastectomy alone (n = 44), and mastectomy with breast reconstruction (n = 41) were evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), the EORTC Breast Cancer Module (QLQ-BR23), the Body Image Scale (BIS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: The results indicated that the BCS group had a better body image compared with the other 2 groups and better role functioning compared with the mastectomy-alone group. In the reconstruction group, body image correlated with perceived social support, especially from family and significant others. Conclusion: These results suggest that a positive perception of a supportive social network can help women with breast reconstruction to better cope with the psychological effects of surgery on their body image.
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Voelker, Dana K., and Justine J. Reel. "An Inductive Thematic Analysis of Female Competitive Figure Skaters’ Experiences of Weight Pressure in Sport." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 9, no. 4 (December 2015): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2015-0012.
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In this study, the authors examined female competitive figure skaters’ experiences of weight pressure in sport. Perceptions of the ideal skating body; sources of weight pressure; ways that body image, weight-management behaviors, and athletic performance have been affected; and recommendations for improving body image were explored. Aligning with a social constructivist view (Creswell, 2014), data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Skaters described the ideal skating body in an inflexible fashion with little room for deviation and acceptance of body diversity. Skaters cited their first weightpressure experience between 7 and 14 years of age, which most notably involved coaches, parents, skating partners, and other aspects of the skating culture. These experiences were characterized as promoting body-image concerns, unhealthy weight-management strategies, and interference with the psychological aspects of on-ice performance. Results from this study demonstrate the need to construct and maintain body-positive skating environments.
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Unukovych, Dmytro, Marie Wickman, Kerstin Sandelin, Brita Arver, Hemming Johansson, and Yvonne Brandberg. "Associations between Reoperations and Psychological Factors after Contralateral Risk-Reducing Mastectomy: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4604852.
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Introduction. The aim of the study was to investigate associations between reoperations after contralateral risk-reducing mastectomies (CRRM) and emotional problems, body image, sexuality, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with breast cancer and hereditary high risk.Patients and Methods. Patients scheduled for CRRM with breast reconstruction between 1998 and 2010 completed questionnaires, comprised of SF-36, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Body Image Scale, and the Sexual Activity Questionnaire, preoperatively and two years after CRRM. Data on reoperations was collected from medical charts.Results. A total of 80 women participated, with a response rate of 61 (76%) preoperatively and 57 (71%) at the two-year follow-up. At the two-year assessment, 44 (55%) patients had undergone ≥1 reoperation (reoperation group), whereas 36 (45%) had not (no reoperation group). No statistically significant differences between the groups were found for HRQoL, sexuality, anxiety, or depression. A higher proportion of patients in the “reoperation group” reported being dissatisfied with their bodies (81% versus 48%,p=0.01).Conclusion. The results suggest associations between reoperation following CRRM with breast reconstruction and body image problems. Special attention should be paid to body image problems among women who are subject to reoperations after CRRM.
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Stenyaeva, N. N., and D. F. Chritinin. "Neurobiological and psychosomatic aspects of infertility in women." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2011-03.
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In recent years, ideas about the regulation of the autonomic functions of the human body and the psychosomatic effects of sex hormones have expanded significantly. Dysregulation of the HPG-axis is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of stressassociated mental illnesses. Infertility and its long-term treatment is characterized by a long-term impact on patients of various stressful factors. Reproductive medicine has now made impressive advances in biotechnology. Reproductive medicine has now achieved impressive success due to the revolutionary development of biotechnologies. Nevertheless, a significant number of couples have to struggle unsuccessfully with infertility for many years, and the social consequences of this are extremely significant for the family and society as a whole. Taking into account the relationship between the mental and somatic health of infertile women, greater attention of clinicians to the mental sphere of patients, providing forced childless couples with the necessary psychological and psychiatric care will reduce stress during infertility treatment and increase patient satisfaction.
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Markey, Charlotte H., Kristin J. August, and Jamie L. Dunaev. "Understanding body image among adults in mid-late life: Considering romantic partners and depressive symptoms in the context of diabetes." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 10-11 (April 26, 2018): 1707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318770725.
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Although our bodies change as we age, there is limited research exploring body image among middle-aged and older adults. This study considered 70 adults with diabetes’ ( Mage = 60.01 years) body image and revealed relatively high levels of body dissatisfaction in this sample. Furthermore, participants’ own and perceptions of their partners’ dissatisfaction with their bodies were moderately associated, and participants’ body dissatisfaction was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need for further research, exploring the social and psychological correlates of body image among men and women in mid-late adulthood.
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Micskei, Orsolya, Tamás Deli, Attila Jakab, and Antal Bugán. "Body image and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 27 (July 2014): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29944.
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Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in women. Psychic consequences are significant; patients have difficulties to be pregnant and the disease disturbs the quality of life. Due to complications associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, studies on psychological state and disease perception of patients appear to be important. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess how the disease influences quality of life and changes in body image. Method: The authors used the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale, Health-Related-Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and their own body image questionnaire. 121 women took part in the study. Results: There was a negative correlation between illness intrusiveness and quality of life (r = –0.353) and a positive correlation between body image and quality of life (r = 0.614). A significant difference was observed in body satisfaction between patients who had visible body changes and those who had metabolic disturbances (p<0.05). Overweight patients who lost weight with lifestyle changes had significantly better quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results appear to be convincing in that in addition to gynecological care, psychotherapy could be offered to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(27), 1071–1077.