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Journal articles on the topic 'Body image in children'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 March 2023

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1

Ilker Kerkez, Fatma. "Perception of ideal and healthy body image among preschool children." International Journal of Academic Research 5, no. 5 (October 15, 2013): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-5/a.15.

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2

Striegel-Moore, Ruth H. "Body image concerns among children." Journal of Pediatrics 138, no. 2 (February 2001): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.112901.

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3

Wood, Katherine C., Judith A. Becker, and J. Kevin Thompson. "Body image dissatisfaction in preadolescent children." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-3973(96)90007-6.

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4

Heron, Kristin E., Joshua M. Smyth, Esther Akano, and Stephen A. Wonderlich. "Assessing Body Image in Young Children." SAGE Open 3, no. 1 (February 6, 2013): 215824401347801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244013478013.

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5

Hausenblas, H. A., D. Symons Downs, D. S. Fleming, and D. P. Connaughton. "Body image in middle school children." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 7, no. 3 (September 2002): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03327463.

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6

Ivanov, M., N. Platonova, and G. Kozlovskaya. "The body image and psychopathology in children." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1253.

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IntroductionThe body image development begins at an early age. Children with psychopathology may have body image disturbances. It is important to determine nosological specificity of body image disturbances in children.ObjectivesTo reveal body image disturbances in: 20 people (12 boys, 8 girls) having schizophrenia; 18 people (8 boys, 10 girls) with detected fact of sexual abuse (catamnesis study over a 5-year period); control group – 5 boys, 5 girls with normal psycho-physical development.AimsTo reveal body image disturbance in children in case of psychopathology.MethodsAll the children were examined clinically and paraclinically by psychiatrist and clinical psychologist (projective techniques; standardized personality questionnaires and semantic method [analysis of statements]).Results and conclusionsIn children having schizophrenia specific disturbances of proprioceptive self-awareness in the form of senestopathy (feelings of compression, deformation, size loss or size gain of the body) and the idea of physical defect, are considered as the early symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder. In this group of children disturbances of body scheme, difficulties in right/left orientation were detected. In the group of children with detected fact of sexual abuse the following disturbances took place: the body dysmorphic disorder (self-disgust, considering body to be tainted by the abuser, feeling dirty, compulsive body washing, sensitivity to touch) and senestopathy below one's waist, in the area of genitals, feeling dirtiness of the skin and clothes. In the pictures drawn by the children, they represented themselves older, grotesquely painted their faces, pictured strange haircuts, preferring bright and extravagant clothes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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7

Fisher, Allison, Mary Anne Lange, Virginia Young-Cureton, and Daryl Canham. "The Relationship Between Perceived and Ideal Body Size and Body Mass Index in 3rd-Grade Low Socioeconomic Hispanic Children." Journal of School Nursing 21, no. 4 (August 2005): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405050210040701.

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Very little is known about body satisfaction among minority children. This study examined the relationship between perceived and actual body size and Body Mass Index among 43 low-socioeconomic Hispanic 3rd-graders. Researchers measured participants’ Body Mass Index; students self-reported Perceived Ideal Self Image and Perceived Actual Self Image using Collins’ (1991) pictorial instrument scale of seven child body images that illustrate body weight from very thin to obese. The majority of students chose body images from the scale that depicted a healthy weight for both their Perceived Ideal Self Image and Perceived Actual Self Image. More boys than girls chose underweight as their Perceived Ideal Self Image. Thirty percent of the students were found to be overweight and 30 percent were at risk for being overweight. A small positive correlation between Perceived Actual Self Image and Body Mass Index was found.

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8

Verveen, Anouk, Baudewijntje PC Kreukels, Nastasja M. de Graaf, and Thomas D. Steensma. "Body image in children with gender incongruence." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13591045211000797.

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Background: In the DSM-5 diagnosis of childhood Gender Dysphoria, two of the eight criteria focus on body satisfaction of the child. Nevertheless, this subject is understudied. This study aims to describe the body image of children with gender incongruence (GI) in relation to birth assigned sex and the intensity of GI. Method: Self-report and parent-report measures on body satisfaction and gender incongruence were obtained from 207 children (<12 years) who were referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, between 2010 and 2016. First, a general description of body satisfaction in children who took part in this study is provided. Secondly, body image of birth assigned boys and girls are compared using chi-square tests and univariate ANCOVA’s. Thirdly, the association between intensity of GI and body image is examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Of the 207 children with GI, 50% reported dissatisfaction with their gender-specific characteristics. Overall, children were less dissatisfied with their neutral body characteristics. Birth assigned girls report greater dissatisfaction with their body characteristics than birth assigned boys. Intensity of GI was significantly related to satisfaction with gender specific body characteristics where a greater intensity of GI relates to more body dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Mental health practitioners should be aware of the diversity in body dissatisfaction in this group. Furthermore, evaluation of body image should be an important topic in the counseling of these children. Future research should focus on the relation of body dissatisfaction and the development of gender incongruent feelings in children with GI.

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9

Price, Bob. "Diseases and altered body image in children." Paediatric Nursing 5, no. 6 (July 1993): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.5.6.18.s14.

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10

Thelen, Mark H., Anne L. Powell, Christine Lawrence, and Mark E. Kuhnert. "Eating and Body Image Concern Among Children." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 21, no. 1 (March 1992): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2101_7.

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11

de Sousa, Inês, Anabela Lopes, Susana Santana, Renata Ramalho, and Paula Pereira. "Perception of the body image and desired body image of children in elementary school." Annals of Medicine 51, sup1 (March 29, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2018.1561997.

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12

Belogai, K. N., Yu V. Borisenko, and N. A. Bugrova. "Sociocultural Stereotypes as a Factor of Body Image Formation among Preschool Girls." Social Psychology and Society 13, no. 2 (2022): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130213.

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Objective. We hypothesized that even short-term interaction with images that broadcast stereotypes of an unrealistically thin body may shift girls’ self-reference of body image to a thinner one. Background. Modern standards of body image, broadcast through the media, toys and other products for children, are unattainable for most people. Among such standards is the stereotype of an unrealistically thin body. Its presence makes girls perceive their bodies in a distorted manner and contributes to the formation of an extremely rigid self-ideal. Study design. The work experimentally assumes the influence of sociocultural stereotypes on the body image of preschool girls. The idea of H. Dittmar, E. Halliwell and S. Ive was used for the experiment. At the first stage, all children were examined using the "Silhouettes" technique. After 2 weeks, the girls of the experimental group were given coloring books with the image of Barbie. Girls in the control group were given neutral coloring pages with animals. After the children were coloring for 30 minutes, their body image was re-examined using the "Silhouettes" technique. Participants. Russian sample: 100 girls aged 5—6 years. All the children have a normal for their age body mass index. Measurements. Psychodiagnostic technique "Silhouettes". To compare distributions in independent samples, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used, in dependent samples, the Kolmogorov test of agreement was used. Results. The results showed that a sample of Russian-speaking preschoolers, as well as their peers around the world, internalize unrealistic stereotypes of physicality by the age of 5—6. Conclusions. Interactions with images of an unrealistically thin body shift the distribution of choices for the "my body" and "ideal body" categories toward thinner images.

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13

Tulkki, Lisa A., Darlene E. Berryman, Sharon Rana, Sharon Denham, David H. Holben, and Nancy Nisbett. "Elevated Body Image Dissatisfaction Relates to Body Size of Appalachian Children." Topics in Clinical Nutrition 21, no. 2 (April 2006): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008486-200604000-00005.

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14

Suzuki, Tomohiro. "body image and dieting / exercising behavior in children." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (September 8, 2020): PC—104—PC—104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pc-104.

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15

Li, Yanping, Xiaoqi Hu, Wenjun Ma, Jin Wu, and Guansheng Ma. "Body image perceptions among Chinese children and adolescents." Body Image 2, no. 2 (June 2005): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.04.001.

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16

Ling, Fiona CM, Alison M. McManus, Gemma Knowles, Rich SW Masters, and Remco CJ Polman. "Do children emotionally rehearse about their body image?" Journal of Health Psychology 20, no. 9 (October 30, 2013): 1133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105313507965.

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17

Gardner, R. M., Elizabeth Ann Gardner, and James A. Morrell. "Body image of sexually and physically abused children." Journal of Psychiatric Research 24, no. 4 (January 1990): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(90)90003-9.

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18

Legenbauer, Tanja, Pia Thiemann, and Silja Vocks. "Body Image Disturbance in Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 42, no. 1 (January 2014): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000269.

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Body image is multifaceted and incorporates perceptual, affective, and cognitive components as well as behavioral features. Only few studies have examined the character of body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders. It is unknown whether body-image disturbances in children/adolescent with eating disturbances are comparable to those of adult patients with eating disorders. Body-image disturbance might differ quantitatively and qualitatively according to the cognitive developmental status and the age of the individual. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence for body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders, and how they compare with those adults with eating disorders. Current evidence indicates that older adolescent patients show similar deficits as adult patients with eating disorders, in particular for the attitudinal body-image component. However, evidence for a perceptual body-image disturbance in adolescent patients, in particular anorexia nervosa, is not conclusive. Reliable statements for childhood can hardly be made because clinical studies are not available. Investigations of body-image disturbance in children have focused on the predictive value for eating disorders. Limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and future directions for research and therapy are indicated.

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19

Skemp-Arlt, Karen M., and Richard P. Mikat. "Body Image Perceptions and Eating Patterns Among Preadolescent Children." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5i1.1798.

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Preadolescent children are showing patterns of body distortion and unhealthy dieting practices to attempt weight manipulation. The present study examined body image perceptions and interest in weight manipulation among 215 preadolescent children (girls, n =101) (mean age = 10) in third, fourth, and fifth grades. To measure body image perceptions, children were asked to answer two multiple choice questions: I think I am: fat, skinny, in-between; and I would like to: lose weight, gain weight, stay the same. Interest in weight manipulation was measured using the Children’s Eating Attitude Test (ChEAT). Results indicated that children show a fairly accurate perception of their body shape and size and this remained consistent for both genders and across all age groups. ANOVA results showed children who felt they were “fat” had a significantly higher level of disturbed eating patterns (ChEAT mean = 14.00) compared to the children who felt they were “in-between” (ChEAT mean = 6.95) (p = .009). Children who indicated they would like to “lose weight” had significantly higher ChEAT scores (mean = 9.19) than those who wanted to “stay the same” (mean = 6.56) (p = .033). ChEAT scores for girls showed a significant difference between the “fat” group (mean = 29.00) and the “in-between” group (mean = 6.81) (p < .001) and between the “fat” group and the “skinny” group (mean = 10.78) (p = .002). Twenty-five percent of this sample of children indicated a desire to “lose weight” (mean body mass index = 21.35) and 67% desired to “stay the same” (mean body mass index = 17.45). Preadolescent children are showing a desire for a thinner body type and are already developing a motivation to avoid weight gain or obesity through dietary manipulation. Early identification of body distortion and disturbed eating patterns could help with education and prevention strategies.

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20

Kerner, Charlotte, Leen Haerens, and David Kirk. "Understanding body image in physical education." European Physical Education Review 24, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x17692508.

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Body image disturbance in children and adolescents has negative implications for psychological and physical well-being. To positively impact well-being, it is important to explore factors that influence body image and to identify strategies that can be used to reduce body image disturbance. The school curriculum can play a significant role in shaping how children and adolescents experience their bodies. Within this school curriculum, physical education lessons represent one of the only school subjects in which the body is a focus of curricular outcomes. In physical education, the body is judged for physical ability but is also situated in a space that provides the potential for social comparisons and body judgements. Significant attention has been paid to the development of classroom-based interventions that aim at reducing body image disturbance, yet physical education has largely been ignored as a context in which one can effectively intervene. This paper reviews current knowledge on the relationship between physical education and body image disturbance by using the cognitive-behavioural model of body image developments as a guiding framework. It also considers the contribution that physical education could make to wider school-based interventions.

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21

Duncan, Michael J., Lorayne A. Woodfield, Stephen J. O'Neill, and Yahya Al-Nakeeb. "Relationship between Body Image and Percent Body Fat among British School Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 1 (February 2002): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.1.197.

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22

Bernier, Crystal D., Anita L. Kozyrskyj, Cecilia Benoit, Allan B. Becker, and Gail Marchessault. "Body Image and Dieting Attitudes: Among Preadolescents." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 71, no. 3 (September 2010): e34-e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/71.3.2010.122.

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Purpose: Differences in body image and dieting concerns were assessed in preadolescent boys and girls across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. The hypothesis was that girls would express more concern with body size, report more dieting, and receive more advice than boys. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, ageappropriate figure drawings, the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), the Restraint Scale, and the Body Esteem Scale were administered to participants in the Study of Asthma, Genes and Environment, Manitoba. Responses were compared between genders and correlated with BMI percentiles. Results: A total of 565 10- and 11-year-old children (321 boys) completed questionnaires. Overall, 39% of participants wanted to be thinner, and no significant gender differences based on weight were found. However, the use of figure drawings indicated that girls desired greater changes in body size (p=0.006). Girls had higher Restraint Scale scores (p=0.003), but no statistically significant differences were found in self-reported dieting, ChEAT, or Body Esteem Scale scores. Approximately 25% of children reported receiving frequent weight-related advice. Girls did not report this more often than did boys. Children in the lowest BMI percentile desired the greatest change in body shape and had the highest Restraint Scale scores. Conclusions: Key gender differences underline the importance of understanding children's attitudes toward body image, weight, and dieting.

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23

Offman, Hilary J., and Susan J. Bradley. "Body Image of Children and Adolescents and Its Measurement: An Overview*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 6 (August 1992): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700612.

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The lack of a universally accepted definition of body image has impeded our understanding of body image disturbances in children and adolescents. This paper examines the evolution of body image as a multidimensional construct and the difficulties associated with the use of human figure drawing to measure body image. Directions for future research are considered.

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24

Kist-van Holthe, Joana, Laura Melchers, Tirza Blom, Teatske Altenburg, Marian Luinstra-Passchier, Alcira Janga-Jansen, Tahirih van Kanten, Aleid Wirix, Remy Hirasing, and Mai Chinapaw. "Body image: a survey of children in Caribbean Bonaire." BMJ Paediatrics Open 1, no. 1 (October 2017): e000062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000062.

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25

Ozment-Schenck, Laura S., Deborah S. McQuaid, and J. S. Barton. "Body image issues for children and adolescents with burns." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 021, no. 3 (June 2000): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mbc.2000.105323.

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26

Evans, Retta R., Jane Roy, Brian F. Geiger, Karen A. Werner, and Donna Burnett. "Ecological Strategies to Promote Healthy Body Image Among Children." Journal of School Health 78, no. 7 (July 2008): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00315.x.

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27

St. Onge, P. M., D. C. Treasure, J. L. Etnier, and C. B. Corbin. "CORRELATES OF BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (May 2001): S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-01595.

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Mills, Sarah D., Rina S. Fox, and Vanessa L. Malcarne. "Body Image in Children with Morphea: A Systematic Review." Pediatric Dermatology 32, no. 4 (May 13, 2015): e188-e190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pde.12611.

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McQuaid, Deborah, J. Barton, and E. A. Campbell. "Body Image Issues for Children and Adolescents With Burns." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 21, no. 3 (May 2000): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200021030-00003.

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30

Gualdi-Russo, E., A. Albertini, L. Argnani, F. Celenza, M. Nicolucci, and S. Toselli. "Weight status and body image perception in Italian children." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 21, no. 1 (December 13, 2007): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277x.2007.00843.x.

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31

Michaud, Karen Kay, and Rhonda Dale Terry. "Body image and dieting behaviors among school-aged children." TOPICS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION 8, no. 2 (April 1993): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008486-199303000-00010.

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32

Delgado-Floody, Pedro, Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, Alfonso Cofré-Lizama, and Cristian Martínez-Salazar. "Body image dissatisfaction and its association with antropometrics parameters, weight status and self-esteem in Chilean schoolchildren." Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición 68, no. 4 (June 1, 2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37527/2018.68.4.006.

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Although an increasing number of children are becoming obese, the psychological comorbidities associated with obesity are not well established. This research was aimed at determining if there is association between body image dissatisfaction with anthropometrics parameters, weight status and self-esteem in children from public schools. The sample comprised 712 schoolchildren age 11.94 ± 1.16 years (351 girls and 361 boys). Self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction, body fat (BF), body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. 372 children (52.2%) presented normal weight, 201 (28.2%) children presented overweight and 139 children (19.5%) presented obesity. There were no differences in proportions between boys and girls (p = 0.778). Girls presented a higher proportion of body image dissatisfaction (p = 0.0045). The children with obesity presented the highest proportion with low or very low self-esteem (p < 0.001) and presented a higher proportion of body image dissatisfaction (p<0.001). The body image dissatisfaction was associated with overweight/obesity status (OR = 4.12, p < 0.001), WtHR (OR = 3.53, p < 0.001) and self-esteem (OR = 2.91, p = 0.03). In conclusion the body image dissatisfaction in the sample of study was associated with antropometric parameters and self- esteem.

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33

Parve, Sneha. "Perception of Sexuality and Body Image among Adolescent Girls." Indian Journal of Youth & Adolescent Health 08, no. 01 (March 29, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.202105.

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Background: Adolescence is a phase during which major developments of sexuality take place. Development of sexuality is an important bio-psycho-social development, which takes an adult shape during this period. Objective: To study how adolescent girls perceive changes in their bodies during the growing period of adolescence and to study their sexual behaviour during this period. Methodology: The study was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among adolescent girls undergoing vocational training course at the rural health center. 100 participants enrolled in the institute for the course were included. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared with informed assent. One to one interviews were conducted maintaining privacy, Data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 16.02+/-1.2 years. We found that a prior awareness of menses is significantly related to a good feeling after menarche. About a third of the Community Health Workers (CHWs) felt shy or weird about their breast changes during adolescence and 66% were unhappy about their heights. 66% of the adolescents were practising masturbation and 38% among them were open to a physical relationship. 60% of them were not aware of medical intervention and 28% admitted to having experienced sexual assault. Conclusion: Understanding adolescent development and the factors influencing it is of utmost importance as it will help the parents to guide their children in the crossroads of adolescence. Due to incomplete knowledge, accepting bodily changes during adolescence becomes difficult. We, as public health experts, need to commit to an educative practice of support for adolescents.

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Jongenelis, Michelle I., and Simone Pettigrew. "Body Image and Eating Disturbances in Children: The Role of Self-Objectification." Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684320923294.

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Self-objectification has been implicated in the development of body image disturbances and disordered eating among adults and adolescents. Empirical research exploring these associations among children is limited. Given body image and eating disturbances have been observed in a significant proportion of children, elucidating the factors associated with these disturbances among members of this population segment is important to informing prevention and intervention efforts. Accordingly, we cross-sectionally examined the association between self-objectification and body image and eating disturbances in 219 Australian 6- to 11-year-olds (57% classified as female children; average age = 8.37 years, SD = 1.42). Significant associations were observed between measures of self-objectification and body surveillance; body surveillance and both body shame and weight/shape concern; and weight/shape concern and dietary restraint. Results suggest early interventions targeting poor body image may need to address self-objectification, although further research is needed to firmly establish self-objectification as a risk factor for poor body image in children. Practitioners could utilize resources specifically developed for children, which encourage positive body esteem, build body confidence, support healthy relationships with food and exercise, and promote activities encouraging individuals to be attuned to how their bodies feel rather than how they look.

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35

Ramadhanty, Dania Mirza, and Bernie Endyarni Medise. "Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1-3 (October 27, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s3.0033.

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Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image.

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Ricciardelli, Lina A., Marita P. McCabe, Kate E. Holt, and Jennifer Finemore. "A biopsychosocial model for understanding body image and body change strategies among children." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 24, no. 4 (September 2003): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-3973(03)00070-4.

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37

Ginsburg, Molly, Katelynn Sasaki, and Mee Young Hong. "Differential Child Body Perception in Children Ages 7–12 and Parents in Relation to Exercise and Eating Behaviors." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_021.

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Abstract Objectives Individuals with distorted perceptions of body image may be at an increased risk of developing eating disorders and mental illnesses. Many studies have observed impaired body image perceptions in adolescents and adults over the age of twelve. However, there are few studies that have examined this in young children. Furthermore, few studies that examine body image differences between parents and children exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate differential child body perceptions in children ages 7–12 and parents in relation to exercise and eating behaviors. Methods In a cross-sectional study, two separate questionnaires were designed; one for parents (n = 145) and the other for their paired children (n = 145). Questionnaires included anthropometric, exercise and eating behavior, and somatotype questions to assess perceived current and perceived ideal body type. Results Child responses of child's current body type were significantly greater than parent responses of child's current body type (P = 0.022). Child responses of child's ideal body type were significantly lesser than parent responses of child's ideal body type (P = 0.001). Child-reported child body type discrepancy (current body type – ideal body type) was significantly greater (0.414 ± 0.902) than parent-reported child body type discrepancy (−0.014 ± 0.717) (P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between body image discrepancy and reports of faster eating pace (coefficient = 0.237, P = 0.004) and a significant negative correlation between body image discrepancy and family physical activity (coefficient = –0.183, P = 0.017). Conclusions Significant discrepancies between perceived current and ideal body type were observed in children ages 7–12. Faster eating pace and family physical activity may be contributing factors to body type discrepancy among children ages 7–12, though more research is needed to identify and examine other potential factors such as social media usage and perceptions of physical activity. This research indicates a need for increased education aimed at forming and maintaining healthy body image perceptions among young children ages 7–12. Funding Sources None.

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Green, Sharin Palladino, and Mary E. Pritchard. "PREDICTORS OF BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION IN ADULT MEN AND WOMEN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.3.215.

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Disordered eating and body image have been widely studied in college students and children. However, few studies have examined body image dissatisfaction in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adult men and women. One hundred and thirty-nine adults were surveyed on body dissatisfaction and possible relating factors. It was found that media influence predicted body dissatisfaction in women and that age, family pressure and self-esteem predicted body image dissatisfaction in both men and women. Because adults' views about their bodies can have an impact on those of their children, it is important that researchers continue to examine body image dissatisfaction and comparable issues within adult populations.

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Zulfiqar, Tehzeeb, Catherine D’Este, Lyndall Strazdins, and Cathy Banwell. "Intergenerational Contradictions in Body Image Standards Among Australian Immigrant Mothers and Children: A Mixed-Methods Study." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 6 (April 14, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n6p47.

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In this mixed-methods study, we explored how gender and cultural factors, including social status were linked with children’s immigrant backgrounds and their body image dissatisfaction and weight management strategies in Australia. Cross-sectional data analysis of 10-11-year-old children from the Birth cohort of the “Longitudinal Study of Australian Children” showed that approximately half of the children were dissatisfied with their body images. A higher proportion of these were children of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries. Additionally, about three-quarters children were actively managing their weights. Children of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries constituted a higher proportion of these also. Among boys, desiring a heavier body was highest for those with immigrant mothers from low-and-middle-income-countries, while the desire to be thinner was highest among girls of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries. Although the percentage of children who adopted strategies to gain weight was very small, boys of immigrants from low-and-middle-income-countries, in particular, were almost three times as likely as non-immigrant boys, to try to gain weight (18% vs 5.9%, respectively). Qualitative face-to-face interviews with immigrant mothers and their 8-11-year-old children revealed intergenerational variations in body image standards. Maternal body image standards were drawn from their origin countries, but children followed Australian norms. Despite increased obesity awareness amongst mothers, they desired higher body weight for their children, due to an association with high status and health in origin countries. However, children were aware of the stigma, unpopularity, and low status associated with high body weights in Australia. To reduce cultural and status-based obesity inequalities, Australian obesity prevention plans must include culturally responsive health promotion strategies for immigrant parents and their children to improve their knowledge about healthy weights and weight management strategies.

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Skemp-Arlt, Karen M., Keely S. Rees, Richard P. Mikat, and Elizabeth E. Seebach. "Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Third, Fourth, and Fifth Grade Children." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i3.1958.

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Body image dissatisfaction has become increasingly more prevalent among the preadolescent population over recent years. This study examines the level of body image dissatisfaction among 261 third, fourth, and fifth grade girls and boys. A pictorial scale was used to assess how the participants viewed their current body shape, their ideal body shape, and what they believed to be the ideal body shape of the opposite gender. Overall results indicated that 50.6% of the children surveyed were dissatisfied with their current body shape, 41.8% wanted to be thinner, while 8.8% wanted to be larger. Fifty percent of the girls were dissatisfied with their current body shape, with 45.1% wishing to be thinner. Boys showed similar trends, with 48.9% dissatisfied and 38.9% wishing to be thinner. A greater percentage of boys wanted to be larger than their current body shape (12.3%) compared to girls (4.9%). A significant difference was found between genders regarding the difference between scores of their current self and ideal self, where girls selected a smaller ideal body shape than the boys. An encouraging finding was that the level of body dissatisfaction decreased from third grade to fifth grade among both genders. Girls, however, still wished to be thinner over time. Boys, on the other hand, indicated a preference for a somewhat larger body shape over time. These results indicate that body image dissatisfaction exists prior to adolescence among this sample of children. Prevention strategies and education are encouraged among this age group.

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Jameel, Hafiz Tahir, and Farida Shamim. "Relationship of Self-confidence with self body image of visually impaired children." Journal of Research in Psychology 1, no. 1 (April 7, 2019): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jrp.v1i1.517.

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The purpose of the research work was to know about the relationship between body image satisfaction and self-confidence of visually impaired students. A significant relationship between body image satisfaction and self-confidence was hypothesized. The sample of the study consisted of 100 students with visual impairment, 50 males and 50 females. The study was descriptive in nature with a cross sectional design. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items related to body image satisfaction and 20 items related to self-confidence. Data was collected through face to face interaction. The results were drawn on the basis of responses given by the respondents. The results of correlation and chi-square revealed that there was a positive relationship between body image satisfaction and self-confidence. Male and female visually impaired students have same level of body image satisfaction. Visually impaired students from all these Socioeconomic Status have also the same level of body image.

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Pratiwi, Bunga Putri. "BODY IMAGE ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DALAM STIMULASI BONEKA MANUSIA." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 20, no. XI (October 30, 2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.202.4.

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The objective of this research is to describe about body image of 5-6 years old children in Human Doll Stimulation that include human doll stimulation process, doll choosen by children to be played with, wanted physical character when children grow up, child's opinion about self physical condition, inspiring figure for children about physical beauty (beautiful or handsome), how parents and teachers grow a positive body image to children. This research was held in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Cikita, Bogor. This research was foccused on Matahari class (class of 4-6 years old chilren) and implemented qualitative method. Data collecting was done with triangulation, which consists of interview, observation, and documentation. Data analyzing was done by transcripting, data organizing, recognition, and coding. Result of this research found that: (1) human doll stimulation process started with children choose dolls they wanted, enrobe clothing and accessories, role play. (2) the selected dolls of children for a puppet play is a representation of the human adult than baby dolls. Physical doll that children preferred are well-lean and white doll, (3) the desired physical characteristics by female children when they grow-up are well-lean and white, the desired physical characteristics of male children when they grow-up are are well-lean / muscular and white, (4) children's opinion about their own physical and well-colored fat (5) figures that inspired children about physical beauty (beautiful / handsome) is a fictional character from television as Cinderella, Barbie, the army, siblings and a cousin that phisically attractive(6) how teachers and parents instill a positive body image in children's materials in the body, body functions, religious approach, masculinitiy learning. Implications of this research is the emergence of cooperation between parents, schools, teachers, directorates of the Early Childhood Education in implementing a positive body image in children, can also be used as a discourse for the readers, especially for next researchers.

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Duncan, Michael J., Yahya Al-Nakeeb, Alan Nevill, and Marc V. Jones. "Body image and physical activity in British secondary school children." European Physical Education Review 10, no. 3 (October 2004): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x04047125.

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Lawrie, Z., E. A. Sullivan, P. S. W. Davies, and R. J. Hill. "Media Influence on the Body Image of Children and Adolescents." Eating Disorders 14, no. 5 (December 2006): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10640260600952506.

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Skemp-Arlt, Karen M. "Body Image Dissatisfaction and Eating Disturbances Among Children and Adolescents." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 77, no. 1 (January 2006): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2006.10597813.

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McCabe, Marcia, and Samuel J. Marwit. "Depressive Symptomatology, Perceptions of Attractiveness, and Body Image in Children." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 34, no. 7 (October 1993): 1117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01777.x.

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Reulbach, Udo, Emma L. Ladewig, Elizabeth Nixon, Mona O'Moore, James Williams, and Tom O'Dowd. "Weight, body image and bullying in 9-year-old children." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 49, no. 4 (March 27, 2013): E288—E293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12159.

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Amado Alonso, Diana, Benito León-del-Barco, Santiago Mendo-Lázaro, and Damián Iglesias Gallego. "Examining Body Satisfaction and Emotional–Social Intelligence among School Children: Educational Implications." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062120.

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In childhood, the perception of body image is in the construction phase and emerges linked to the aesthetic ideals of society, which is well differentiated according to gender. In this way, according to people’s interpretations of the environment and how to manage it emotionally, greater or lesser body satisfaction may be generated, which could have irreversible consequences for children. Therefore, our interest lies in how body image satisfaction and gender can act as modulating variables of emotional intelligence in childhood, analyzing differences in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and mood dimensions of emotional intelligence, according to the degree of body image satisfaction and the child’s gender. A total of 944 Primary Education students selected by multistage cluster sampling, 548 boys and 396 girls aged between 9 and 12 years from different schools in Extremadura (Spain), participated in the research. The study design was descriptive, and questionnaires to measure emotional intelligence, self-perception, and body image satisfaction were used. An analysis of descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test to measure the variance/invariance of the participants’ distribution according to their satisfaction with body image and gender, and a MANOVA to determine the possible effects of satisfaction with body image as well as of gender on emotional intelligence were conducted. Regardless of gender, children who were satisfied with their body image showed higher interpersonal intelligence, greater adaptability, and better mood. With respect to gender, girls showed higher stress management than boys. Throughout Compulsory Education, it is necessary to promote campaigns imparted by specialists to prevent body image dissatisfaction, so that the benefits can reach the entire educational community (students, teachers, and parents). In this work, several possibilities are described to meet the demands of contemporary society.

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Hill, Katherine E., Laura M. Hart, and Susan J. Paxton. "Confident Body, Confident Child: Outcomes for Children of Parents Receiving a Universal Parenting Program to Promote Healthful Eating Patterns and Positive Body Image in Their Pre-Schoolers—An Exploratory RCT Extension." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030891.

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Objective: A four-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Victoria, Australia, previously evaluated parent-report outcomes following Confident Body, Confident Child: a program for parents to promote healthful eating patterns and positive body image in pre-schoolers. This exploratory study evaluated data from children of parents in the trial at 18 months follow-up. Method: Participants were 89 children (58 girls, 31 boys) of parents across all RCT arms (group A: Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC) resource + workshop, n = 27; group B: CBCC resource only, n = 26; group C: nutrition booklet, n = 18; group D: wait-list control, n = 18). Children’s eating patterns, body image and weight bias were assessed via play-based interview. Results: Children of CBCC parents reported higher body esteem. Children of nutrition booklet parents reported stronger weight bias. Children of CBCC workshop parents reported lower External Eating. Discussion: This exploratory study suggests that CBCC may promote healthy eating patterns and child body image 18 months after parents receive the intervention.

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Gattario, Kristina Holmqvist, Magnus Lindwall, and Ann Frisén. "Life after childhood bullying: Body image development and disordered eating in adulthood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 3 (October 13, 2019): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419877971.

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Studies have demonstrated that being bullied in childhood may have long-term associations with lower psychological well-being in adulthood. However, although bullying incidents frequently target the victim’s body and appearance, research has overlooked studying victims’ long-term body image development and risk of engaging in disordered eating later in life. This 14-year longitudinal research project examined childhood bullying in relation to body image development and disordered eating in emerging adulthood. Growth curve analyses of participants’ body image at ages 10–21 years ( N = 960) revealed that more victimized children experienced more body dissatisfaction at baseline and maintained their negative body image throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Mediation analyses showed that childhood bullying (age 10 years) predicted more negative body image in adolescence (age 18 years), which in turn predicted more disordered eating in adulthood (age 24 years). The indirect effect was stronger for girls than for boys. The findings suggest that bullied children are likely to face both more body image problems and disordered eating as they evolve through adolescence and into adulthood, indicating the need for early and effective interventions. Incorporating components known to promote a more positive body image could be a valuable feature of future interventions. Thus, as children and adolescents are taught to cope with bullying situations, they could also be helped to deal with the appearance culture that permeates many of these situations.

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