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Ahn, Si Nae. "A Systematic Review of Interventions Related to Body Awareness in Childhood." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 8900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158900.
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Body image involves perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs concerning one’s body, while body schema involves the sensorimotor capacities to control movement and posture. A review study is needed to obtain sufficient data to determine the effect of body awareness on the normal development of children. This study is a systematic review of interventions related to body awareness among typically developing children. Studies focusing on interventions related to body awareness from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed and extracted from four major scientific databases, and the three that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Methods were analyzed by frequency, and the results were analyzed by calculating effect sizes. Two studies involved a nonrandomized two-group design and a single-case experimental study. Two studies targeted early childhood, and one study focused on middle childhood. This review indicates that determining the effectiveness of interventions related to body awareness is necessary for typically developing children because body awareness is a potential influencing factor in their development. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of body awareness assessment tools and interventions.
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Bidaki, Reza. "Body Image Distortion in Patients with Depression and Normal Persons as Good Enough Draw a Person Test." Brain and Neurological Disorders 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9730/017.
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Aim and Background: Body image refers to the perception and feeling that a person has about his/her physical self and its constituents. This research studies the comparison of body image distortion in patients with depression and normal in Rafsanjan city, Iran. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical study with case and control group. The investigated population consists of all patients with depressive disorder who referred to psychiatric Children and Adolesce outpatient clinics of Rafsanjan City (A city in southwest of Iran) in 2014. Drawing test of "Good enough - Harris" had been used in 40 depressed patients and 40 non-depressed as a control group.Chi-square test for data analyzing had been used. Results: The results showed that depressed patients in painting of the dummies were different in the most aspects as compared to control group. Conclusion: We suggest using "dummy test Good enough- Harris " in order to complementary diagnosis of depressed Persons.
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Silva, Dayse Karoline Santos da, Larissy Alves Cotonhoto, and Mariane Lima de Souza. "Body self-perception in age school children with Down Syndrome." Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.9970.
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Introduction: The notion of body or body perception is of great importance in the development of motor skills and functionality. In atypical development situations, as in the case of Down syndrome (DS) there is a delay in the development and motor skills are compromised, which possibly is reflected in the quality of body self-perception in children with DS.
Objective: To assess the characteristics of body self-perception in school age children with DS.
Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study involving 10 children aged between seven and nine years. To assess body perception, it was used the Body Notion factor from the Psychomotor Battery (BPM). Data analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the criteria established by the instruments and the researchers.
Results: The participants' performance regarding the notion of body was not related to their age. The right and left discrimination capability was the body notion sub-factor with the worst performance and the self-image was the sub-factor with the best performance. The drawings of the human figure were split into two categories: unidentifiable (Class A, n = 8) and recognizable (Class B, n = 2).
Conclusion: It is suggested that the self-perception of children with Down Syndrome analyzed in this study has a strong relationship with the body and environmental stimuli together with psychomotor and cognitive development, which, however, does not coincide with their chronological age.
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Baraskewich, Jessica, Kristin M. von Ranson, Adam McCrimmon, and Carly A. McMorris. "Feeding and eating problems in children and adolescents with autism: A scoping review." Autism 25, no. 6 (March 2, 2021): 1505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321995631.
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Feeding problems, such as picky eating and food avoidance, are common in youth with autism. Other feeding and eating problems (e.g. disordered eating, fear of trying new foods, and insistence on specific food presentation) are also common in this population. This scoping review describes the nature and extent of feeding and eating problems in autistic youth and reports characteristics of autistic youth who experience such issues. Thirty-four studies were included in the current review, with almost all studies (91%) investigating feeding problems. Only 9% of studies examined concern with weight, shape, and/or body image, but several authors noted that disordered eating attitudes and behaviors may occur more frequently in those with autism than their peers without autism. No common individual characteristics (e.g. cognitive functioning and autism symptom severity) were identified for youth who experience feeding or eating problems. Although differentiating “feeding” from “eating” problems is critical for accurate identification and treatment of these issues, the existing literature has failed to do so. We propose that in future research “eating problems” be used when behaviors involve preoccupation with food, eating, or body image, and “feeding problems” be used when such preoccupation is absent. Lay abstract Feeding problems, such as picky eating and food avoidance, are common in youth with autism. Other, broader difficulties with feeding and eating (eating disorder symptoms such as restricting food intake or preoccupation with body shape or weight and insistence on specific food presentation) are also common in autistic individuals. Here, we describe the nature and extent of feeding and eating problems in youth with autism. We found no common characteristics (such as severity of autism symptoms) that best describe autistic youth who experience problems with feeding or eating. Almost all studies we reviewed focused on problems with feeding (selective or picky eating), and only a few studies focused on eating disorder symptoms (concern with weight, shape, and/or body image). However, some researchers reported that eating disorder symptoms may occur more often in autistic individuals compared to their peers without autism. Many studies used the terms “feeding” and “eating” problems interchangeably, but understanding the difference between these problems is important for researchers to be consistent, as well as for proper identification and treatment. We suggest future researchers use “eating problems” when behaviors involve preoccupation with food, eating, or body image, and “feeding problems” when this preoccupation is absent. We highlight the importance of understanding whether feeding or eating problems are separate from autism traits, and the role of caregivers and other adults in the child’s treatment. Considerations for health-care providers to assist with diagnosis and treatment are also provided.
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Ramos, Laiene Barbosa, Luana Thaysa da Silva, Karolline Santos Godoy, Rosanea Meneses de Souza, and Carla Adriana Souza Oliveira Franco. "Multidisciplinary therapies in the treatment of children with an autism spectrum disorder: a case report." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 10, no. 8 (July 16, 2021): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i8.5351.
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Purpose: To describe multidisciplinary interventions aimed at treating a child diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Case description: The mother sought medical help for her son who exhibited language delays. He was agitated, did not respond to calls, and exhibited a delay in speech development. For psychopharmacological treatment, risperidone 1 mg/mL associated with vitamin D, was prescribed. Multidisciplinary therapies were proposed and applied according to the patient’s needs. In sessions with a speech therapist, he responded to all stimuli, demonstrating good interest in the proposed activities and maintained good eye contact. He performed several circuits to improve posture, image, laterality, and body scheme. After participating in hippotherapy supervised by several professionals, the child exhibited an improvement in social interaction, motor performance, especially in posture practice, and in communication. After interposing equine-assisted therapy with intellectual clinic sessions, he started activities at an inclusive school. Discussion: Multidisciplinary interventions demonstrated effectiveness and continuous and positive evolution in the patient. Studies reporting multidisciplinary therapies are relevant for demonstrating the importance of this method and the adaptation to the reality of each autistic patient.
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Wakabayashi, Hiroshi, Daiki Kayano, Anri Inaki, Raita Araki, Rie Kuroda, Norihito Akatani, Takafumi Yamase, et al. "Diagnostic Use of Post-therapy 131I-Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy in Consolidation Therapy for Children with High-Risk Neuroblastoma." Diagnostics 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090663.
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123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) scintigraphy is used for evaluating disease extent in children with neuroblastoma. 131I-mIBG therapy has been used for evaluation in children with high-risk neuroblastoma, and post-therapy 131I-mIBG scintigraphy may detect more lesions compared with diagnostic 123I-mIBG scintigraphy. However, no studies have yet revealed the detection rate of hidden mIBG-avid lesions on post-therapy 131I-mIBG whole-body scan (WBS) and SPECT images in neuroblastoma children without mIBG-avid lesions as demonstrated by diagnostic 123I-mIBG scintigraphy. We retrospectively examined the diagnostic utility of post-therapy 131I-mIBG scintigraphy in children who received 131I-mIBG as consolidation therapy. Nineteen children with complete response to primary therapy were examined. Post-therapy 131I-mIBG scintigraphy was performed four days after injection. The post-therapy 131I-mIBG scintigraphy, 4 children exhibited abnormal uptake on the WBS. Post-therapy 131I-mIBG SPECT/CT provided additional information in 2 cases. In total, 6 children exhibited abnormal uptake. The site of abnormal accumulation was on the recurrence site in one case, operation sites in five cases, and bone metastasis in one case. Post-therapy 131I-mIBG scintigraphy could detect residual disease that was not recognized using diagnostic 123I-mIBG scintigraphy in 32% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma. The diagnostic use of post-therapy 131I-mIBG scintigraphy can provide valuable information for detecting residual disease.
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Наркевич, B. Narkevich, Гончаров, M. Goncharov, Лысак, Yu Lysak, Ширяев, and S. Shiryaev. "To Improve Accuracy of Radionuclide Therapy Dosimetry Planning Using Monte Carlo Method." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 62, no. 1 (February 26, 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25059.
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Purpose: Development and clinical testing of methodology dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy based on Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transfer process.
Material and methods: The method of determination in absolute units of radiopharmaceutical (RP) activity accumulated in tumor lesions. The technique is based on scintigraphy syringe containing diagnostic RP activity, biplane patient scintigraphy after injection of the RP and determination of the RP accumulation when administered calculated using the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation in the patient’s body and in the collimator of the gamma camera. Code MCNP Monte Carlo simulation was used. The layout of determination of the value of accumulated RP activity in the patient’s tumor site implies successive implementation of the following three steps.
1. Scintigraphic images are obtained of the vial containing already known activity of the RP placed at the fixed source-to-collimator distance, following
which estimation of the detector count rate within the specified region of interest of the vial image is undertaken.
2. Therapeutic activity A0 is introduced in the patient’s body, scintigraphic examination of the patient is performed. Estimation of the detector count rate in the region where the tumor is located and the value of tissue background in the close enough vicinity to the tumor is performed using the tools for contouring the region of interest on the obtained planar image provided using the software imbedded in the scintigraphic equipment.
3. Value of accumulated activity RP in the affected tumor is determined according to the correction factor which is calculated using Monte-Carlo method for specific clinical case for the geometry used in obtaining scintigraphic images which is identical to the conditions of measurement of activity in the vial and in the patient’s body. The technique has been tested in the study, with an injection of 30 MBq of 123I-MIBG child with neuroblastoma.
Results: The level of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in the tumor of the adrenal gland was 0.78 MBq, i.e. 2.6 % of the administered activity. This corresponds to literature data (average about 2.4 %) for scintigraphic studies of children with neuroblastomas. When using the known calculation method for analytical formula without the introduction of corrections for the absorption and scattering of radiation was obtained a result of 1.02 MBq, i.e. overestimation was 31 %.
Conclusions: Introduction calculated by the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation during scintigraphy patient can improve the accuracy of dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy.
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Erol, Nurdan, Metin Yıldız, Ayla Güven, and Ayse Yıldırım. "Cardiac examination in children with Laron syndrome undergoing mecasermin therapy." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0473.
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Abstract Background: Laron syndrome (LS), which can be defined as primary growth hormone resistance or insensitivity, is a rare genetic disease inherited by an autosomal recessive trait. Although it is undistinguishable from growth hormone deficiency, LS has high levels of growth hormone, but insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) cannot be synthesized. Mecasermin treatment is the only option for the patients who suffer from LS. This study aims to research cardiac findings of children with LS, who receive treatment with mecasermin. Methods: The study enrolled five children four males and one female, 4 M/1 F with LS, two of whom were siblings with a mean age of 6.3±2.1 years, a body weight of 13.36±4.74 kg, a height of 88±8.7 cm, and a body mass index (BMI) of 16.47±3.35. Their demographic data were obtained from their family and files. The children received mecasermin via subcutaneous injection at 0.04–0.12 μg/kg doses twice per day. The duration of mecasermin treatment was 8–53 months. All of them were examined clinically by electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Results: Their cardiac examinations were normal, except for one case, who had systolic murmur at cardiac auscultation. Arrhythmia was not observed on their electrocardiograms. The echocardiograms did not show a significant congenital cardiac anomaly. Their cardiac measure and functions were within normal ranges. The echocardiogram of the child with the murmur showed mitral and tricuspid insufficiency. The Doppler images showed pulmonary hypertension findings. These findings were proven by angiography. The vasoreactivity test results of that patient were negative. No reason could be found for the observed pulmonary hypertension. We diagnosed this finding as a primary pulmonary hypertension and Bosentan therapy was started. Conclusions: In this study, we showed that cardiac findings were consistent with previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, the observed pulmonary hypertension in children with LS, who received treatment with or without mecasermin, is reported for first time in the literature.
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Zhang, Yanbin, Qifeng Peng, Shengru Wang, Yang Yang, Guanfeng Lin, and Jianguo Zhang. "A pilot study of influence of pedicle screw instrumentation on immature vertebra: a minimal 5-year follow-up in children younger than 5 years." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 23, no. 6 (June 2019): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.12.peds18622.
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OBJECTIVEConcerns remain over the influence of pedicle screw instrumentation on the growth potential of an immature spine. Previous studies have reported discrepancies between animal experiments and clinical studies. The authors’ objective was to explore the influence of pedicle screw instrumentation on the growth of an immature spine at a very young age.METHODSIndividuals who met the authors’ criteria were included. Anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral body; pedicle length on both sides; and anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, and area of the spinal canal were measured on CT images before surgery and at the final follow-up. Parameters of instrumented vertebrae and adjacent noninstrumented vertebrae were compared. The growth value and growth percentage of each parameter were calculated. Subgroup comparisons were made in thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae. Statistical analyses were performed.RESULTSThirteen patients with a congenital spinal deformity were included in the study. The average age at surgery was 3.4 (range 2–5) years, and the average follow-up was 7.2 (range 5–11) years. Osteotomy and short instrumentation with pedicle screws were performed in each case. A total of 69 segments were measured, including 43 instrumented vertebrae and 26 immediately adjacent noninstrumented vertebrae. Significant increases in all parameters were noted at the final follow-up. In instrumented vertebrae, growth of the pedicle length and the anteroposterior diameter and area of the spinal canal increased significantly, while growth of the anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral body decreased significantly compared with noninstrumented vertebrae. Similar results were noted in the lumbar region. The shape-change phenomenon was found in noninstrumented vertebrae but was not apparent in instrumented vertebrae.CONCLUSIONSPedicle screw instrumentation may slow down growth of the vertebral body, indirectly speed up growth of the spinal canal, and hinder the shape-change phenomenon of the lumbar spinal canal. However, the influences were quite slight, and significant development did occur in instrumented vertebrae. Therefore, pedicle screw instrumentation may not have much effect on the growth of immature vertebrae in children younger than 5 years.
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Gadjiev, Murtazali S., Arsen L. Budaychiev, Abdula M. Abdulaev, and Kydyrali B. Shaushev. "RE-OPENED SECTION OF THE DERBENT MUSLIM NECROPOLIS OF XITH-XIITH CENTURIES." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 1022–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch1741022-1083.
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As a result of archaeological observations in Derbent, carried out in 2020, a Muslim burial ground was discovered, representing a section of the medieval northern city necropolis, located behind the northern city defensive wall. More than 80 sarcophagus-like gravestones were discovered, made of a single stone monolith and consisting of an upper part - a body and a protruding rectangular plinth. They are of three main types: 1 - with a semicircular cross-section of the body (semi-cylindrical), 2 - with a lancet cross-section, 3 - with a rectangular cross-section of the body. There are sarcophagi nos. 1-3, two of which (sarcophagi nos. 1, 2) have figured images on the top of the case - this is an eight-pointed star or a simplified octogram - the famous Muslim symbol rubʿ al-Hizb or najmat al-Quds, associated with one of the main Muslim shrines - the Dome of the Rock (Masjid Qubbat as-Sahra) mosque in Jerusalem, but also known in the literature as the “Selçuklu Yıldızı” (Tur. Selçuklu Yıldızı), which became widespread in the Seljuk Empire in architectural decor and decorative and applied arts art ceramics, metal) in various variations. The length of the body of the identified sarcophagi ranges from 52 to 266 cm with a width of 19 to 68 cm and a height of 13 to 56 cm; the length of the plinth ranges from 68 cm to 288 cm with a width of 40-95 cm and a thickness of 5-10 cm. Obviously, the size of the sarcophagi reflects three age categories of the buried: children, adolescents, and adults. Sarcophagus No. 40 has an epitaph in Arabic in the Kufi script of the 11th-12th centuries.All in situ sarcophagi are oriented to the west and indicate the location of burials beneath them, apparently having the same orientation and made in elongated rectangular stone boxes (cysts).The revealed sarcophagi dating back to the last third of the 11th - 12th centuries. and their appearance in Derbent and Dagestan is associated with the Seljuk military-political and ethnocultural expansion in the Eastern Caucasus.
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Mc Laughlin, Leah, Barbara Neukirchinger, and Jane Noyes. "Interventions for and experiences of shared decision-making underpinning reproductive health, family planning options and pregnancy for women with or at high risk of kidney disease: a systematic review and qualitative framework synthesis." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e062392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062392.
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ObjectiveTo determine intervention effects and synthesise qualitative research that explored women with or at high risk of kidney disease experiences of shared decision-making in relation to their reproductive health, family planning options and pregnancy.DesignA systematic review of interventions and a qualitative evidence synthesis.Data sourcesWe searched Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, Elsevier, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaShared decision-making interventions and qualitative studies related to reproductive health involving women with or at high risk of kidney disease published from 1980 until January 2021 in English (clinical settings, global perspective).Data extraction and synthesisTitles were screened against the inclusion criteria and full-text articles were reviewed by the whole team. Framework synthesis was undertaken.ResultsWe screened 1898 studies. No evidence-based interventions were identified. 18 qualitative studies were included, 11 kidney disease-specific studies and 7 where kidney disease was a common comorbidity. Women frequently felt unprepared and uninformed about their reproductive options. Conversations with healthcare professionals were commonly described as frustrating and unhelpful, often due to a perceived loss of autonomy and a mismatch in preferences and life goals. Examples of shared decision-making were rare. Kidney disease exacerbated societal expectations of traditional gender roles (eg, wife, mother, carer) including capability to have children and associated factors, for example, parenting, (sexual) relationships, body image and independent living (including financial barriers to starting a family). Local interventions were limited to types of counselling. A new health system model was developed to support new interventions.ConclusionThere is a clear need to establish new interventions, test those already in development and develop new clinical guidance for the management of women with or at high risk of kidney disease in relation to their reproductive health, including options to preserve fertility earlier. Other health conditions with established personalised reproductive care packages, for example, cancer, could be used to benchmark kidney practice alongside the new model developed here.
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Ivanov, M., N. Platonova, and G. Kozlovskaya. "The body image and psychopathology in children." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1253.
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IntroductionThe body image development begins at an early age. Children with psychopathology may have body image disturbances. It is important to determine nosological specificity of body image disturbances in children.ObjectivesTo reveal body image disturbances in: 20 people (12 boys, 8 girls) having schizophrenia; 18 people (8 boys, 10 girls) with detected fact of sexual abuse (catamnesis study over a 5-year period); control group – 5 boys, 5 girls with normal psycho-physical development.AimsTo reveal body image disturbance in children in case of psychopathology.MethodsAll the children were examined clinically and paraclinically by psychiatrist and clinical psychologist (projective techniques; standardized personality questionnaires and semantic method [analysis of statements]).Results and conclusionsIn children having schizophrenia specific disturbances of proprioceptive self-awareness in the form of senestopathy (feelings of compression, deformation, size loss or size gain of the body) and the idea of physical defect, are considered as the early symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder. In this group of children disturbances of body scheme, difficulties in right/left orientation were detected. In the group of children with detected fact of sexual abuse the following disturbances took place: the body dysmorphic disorder (self-disgust, considering body to be tainted by the abuser, feeling dirty, compulsive body washing, sensitivity to touch) and senestopathy below one's waist, in the area of genitals, feeling dirtiness of the skin and clothes. In the pictures drawn by the children, they represented themselves older, grotesquely painted their faces, pictured strange haircuts, preferring bright and extravagant clothes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Legenbauer, Tanja, Pia Thiemann, and Silja Vocks. "Body Image Disturbance in Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 42, no. 1 (January 2014): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000269.
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Body image is multifaceted and incorporates perceptual, affective, and cognitive components as well as behavioral features. Only few studies have examined the character of body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders. It is unknown whether body-image disturbances in children/adolescent with eating disturbances are comparable to those of adult patients with eating disorders. Body-image disturbance might differ quantitatively and qualitatively according to the cognitive developmental status and the age of the individual. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence for body-image disturbance in children/adolescents with eating disorders, and how they compare with those adults with eating disorders. Current evidence indicates that older adolescent patients show similar deficits as adult patients with eating disorders, in particular for the attitudinal body-image component. However, evidence for a perceptual body-image disturbance in adolescent patients, in particular anorexia nervosa, is not conclusive. Reliable statements for childhood can hardly be made because clinical studies are not available. Investigations of body-image disturbance in children have focused on the predictive value for eating disorders. Limitations of the current evidence are discussed, and future directions for research and therapy are indicated.
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Bakshi, Nitya, Jennifer Stinson, Ines Lukombo, Diana Ross, Nonita Mittal, Saumya Vinod Joshi, and Lakshmanan Krishnamurti. "Development, Establishment Of the Psychometric Properties and Usability Testing Of a Novel Multi-Dimensional Web Based Diary For Children With Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2961.2961.
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Abstract Background Pain is the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) but burden of pain is underestimated when measured using health care visits for vaso-occlusive crisis. In the PiSCES study adult patients reported pain on > 50% of diary days but sought care on only 3.5 % of diary days. Accurate assessment of the burden of pain and related morbidity is crucial in clinical care and research studies in SCD. Paper based pain diaries for assessing daily pain are limited by recall bias, errors, inflated retrospective reports and falsely high compliance due to backfilling of entries. Electronic pain diaries facilitate real-time data capture, are convenient, prevent backfilling, maximize compliance and facilitate data management. They have been used in children with arthritis, cancer, abdominal and musculoskeletal pain but no validated instrument is available for use in children with SCD. Objective To develop, establish the face and content validity, and usability of a novel web-based multidimensional electronic pain diary for children and adolescents with SCD. Methods Needs assessment: Pediatric subjects in a pilot SCD pain intensity diary study participated in qualitative interviews to assess their preferences regarding an electronic pain diary. Instrument development: Items for the pain diary were adapted for SCD from “e-Ouch”(c), an electronic pain diary validated for use in children with arthritis. Items assess pain intensity, duration, interference with daily tasks, sleep, fatigue, precipitating factors, pain relieving treatments and response to treatments using the Numerical Rating Scale (0-10). We created a web-based pain diary that can be accessed via a secure website using a smartphone or computer. Face validity: Experts in SCD, pain and psychometrics rated the items on a 5 point Likert scale for content, language, clinical relevance, comprehensiveness of answer choices and likely feasibility and acceptability in children with SCD. Two iterative cycles of expert review were conducted and were used for modification of items. Content validity: Using items with established face validity, two iterative cycles of testing (n=5 each) with paper screenshots of questions using semi-structured cognitive interviewing techniques were done in pediatric patients age 15-22 with SCD. Preliminary usability testing: Participants age 9-21(n=5) pilot tested the web-based electronic pain diary on a computer, smartphone and tablet. They were asked to recall their current pain and pain in the prior 12 hours while answering the diary questions. The usability testing was followed by semi-structured interviews. Results Needs assessment: Patients indicated that electronic monitoring of pain could facilitate coordination of care, communication with providers and early intervention and that twice daily electronic documentation of pain would not pose an unacceptable burden. Face validity: Items were reviewed by 15 experts in the first iterative cycle and 12 experts in the second iterative cycle and were modified for language, content and relevance; 2 items were deleted and 1 item was added. Content Validity: During the first iterative cycle, participants identified items that were difficult to understand, ambiguous or irrelevant. Number of items was reduced from 18 to 13. During the second iterative cycle, one repetitive item was removed and others minimally modified. To minimize user burden items were redistributed so pain intensity, location, quality and precipitating factors were asked twice daily; effect of pain on sleep was asked in the morning and pain interference with daily activities, mood, school and interactions and clinical management items were asked in the evening. Usability testing: Participants were easily able to navigate between questions, use the 0-10 NRS slider, select affected areas on the body image and select checkbox options and provided positive feedback on the question content and, layout of the diary, ease of its use and preference for accessing it from a smartphone. Conclusions This study established the face and content validity and usability of a web-based multidimensional electronic pain diary developed for use in children with SCD. This instrument can be used to assess pain as a patient reported outcome in clinical trials, to enhance communication in clinical care and as a comprehensive measure of pain phenotype in mechanistic studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lehmann, Vicky, Mariët Hagedoorn, and Marrit A. Tuinman. "Body image in cancer survivors: a systematic review of case-control studies." Journal of Cancer Survivorship 9, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11764-014-0414-y.
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Ginsburg, Molly, Katelynn Sasaki, and Mee Young Hong. "Differential Child Body Perception in Children Ages 7–12 and Parents in Relation to Exercise and Eating Behaviors." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_021.
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Abstract Objectives Individuals with distorted perceptions of body image may be at an increased risk of developing eating disorders and mental illnesses. Many studies have observed impaired body image perceptions in adolescents and adults over the age of twelve. However, there are few studies that have examined this in young children. Furthermore, few studies that examine body image differences between parents and children exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate differential child body perceptions in children ages 7–12 and parents in relation to exercise and eating behaviors. Methods In a cross-sectional study, two separate questionnaires were designed; one for parents (n = 145) and the other for their paired children (n = 145). Questionnaires included anthropometric, exercise and eating behavior, and somatotype questions to assess perceived current and perceived ideal body type. Results Child responses of child's current body type were significantly greater than parent responses of child's current body type (P = 0.022). Child responses of child's ideal body type were significantly lesser than parent responses of child's ideal body type (P = 0.001). Child-reported child body type discrepancy (current body type – ideal body type) was significantly greater (0.414 ± 0.902) than parent-reported child body type discrepancy (−0.014 ± 0.717) (P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between body image discrepancy and reports of faster eating pace (coefficient = 0.237, P = 0.004) and a significant negative correlation between body image discrepancy and family physical activity (coefficient = –0.183, P = 0.017). Conclusions Significant discrepancies between perceived current and ideal body type were observed in children ages 7–12. Faster eating pace and family physical activity may be contributing factors to body type discrepancy among children ages 7–12, though more research is needed to identify and examine other potential factors such as social media usage and perceptions of physical activity. This research indicates a need for increased education aimed at forming and maintaining healthy body image perceptions among young children ages 7–12. Funding Sources None.
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Green, Sharin Palladino, and Mary E. Pritchard. "PREDICTORS OF BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION IN ADULT MEN AND WOMEN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.3.215.
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Disordered eating and body image have been widely studied in college students and children. However, few studies have examined body image dissatisfaction in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in adult men and women. One hundred and thirty-nine adults were surveyed on body dissatisfaction and possible relating factors. It was found that media influence predicted body dissatisfaction in women and that age, family pressure and self-esteem predicted body image dissatisfaction in both men and women. Because adults' views about their bodies can have an impact on those of their children, it is important that researchers continue to examine body image dissatisfaction and comparable issues within adult populations.
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Jongenelis, Michelle I., and Simone Pettigrew. "Body Image and Eating Disturbances in Children: The Role of Self-Objectification." Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684320923294.
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Self-objectification has been implicated in the development of body image disturbances and disordered eating among adults and adolescents. Empirical research exploring these associations among children is limited. Given body image and eating disturbances have been observed in a significant proportion of children, elucidating the factors associated with these disturbances among members of this population segment is important to informing prevention and intervention efforts. Accordingly, we cross-sectionally examined the association between self-objectification and body image and eating disturbances in 219 Australian 6- to 11-year-olds (57% classified as female children; average age = 8.37 years, SD = 1.42). Significant associations were observed between measures of self-objectification and body surveillance; body surveillance and both body shame and weight/shape concern; and weight/shape concern and dietary restraint. Results suggest early interventions targeting poor body image may need to address self-objectification, although further research is needed to firmly establish self-objectification as a risk factor for poor body image in children. Practitioners could utilize resources specifically developed for children, which encourage positive body esteem, build body confidence, support healthy relationships with food and exercise, and promote activities encouraging individuals to be attuned to how their bodies feel rather than how they look.
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Gerstein, Fran, and Frani Pollack. "Two Case Studies on Family Work with Eating Disorders and Body Image Issues." Clinical Social Work Journal 44, no. 1 (October 15, 2015): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10615-015-0566-x.
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Sánchez-Reina, J. Roberto, Mònika Jiménez-Morales, and Mireia Montaña-Blasco. "Body satisfaction and screen media usage in Spanish schoolchildren." Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medcom.23406.
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Screen media usage among young children has increased dramatically in recent years. Although media consumption has been noted as an influencing factor in children’s body image, the relationship between children’s body satisfaction and screen media usage in children under 10 years old remains a less-explored topic. A cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the association between screen media usage and the body image satisfaction of Spanish children 5–9 years old. By examining the data of 792 schoolchildren (N = 363 boys, 429 girls; M = 7.23 years), this study sought to reveal the association between screen media usage and children’s body satisfaction. The results showed significant correlations between the use of television and video games and satisfaction expressed with facial features and overall body scheme. Observations by sex indicated positive correlations between television consumption and satisfaction with weight among boys, while in girls‚ a negative association was observed between video game consumption and satisfaction with skin and overall body scheme. Multiple regression analyses revealed a positive association between television consumption and satisfaction with weight, face, and hair, whereas the use of video games was negatively associated with satisfaction with eye and skin color. This study provides a better understanding of the relationship between screen consumption and body satisfaction in minors; accordingly, it seeks to contribute to the design of more strategic and focused media literacy interventions, particularly among those populations that are less well-explored‚ such as young children.
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Duchin, Ofra, Constanza Marin, Mercedes Mora-Plazas, and Eduardo Villamor. "Maternal body image dissatisfaction and BMI change in school-age children." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001317.
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AbstractObjectiveParental body image dissatisfaction (BID) is associated with children’s weight in cross-sectional studies; however, it is unknown whether BID predicts development of adiposity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between maternal dissatisfaction with her or her child’s body and children’s BMI trajectories.DesignLongitudinal study. Maternal dissatisfaction (BID) with her and her child’s body was calculated based on ratings of Stunkard scales obtained at recruitment, as current minus desired body image. Children’s height and weight were measured at baseline and annually for a median of 2·5 years. Mixed-effects models with restricted cubic splines were used to construct sex- and weight-specific BMI-for-age curves according to maternal BID levels.SettingPublic primary schools in Bogotá, Colombia.SubjectsChildren (n 1523) aged 5–12 years and their mothers.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, heavy boys and thin girls whose mothers desired a thinner child gained an estimated 1·7 kg/m2 more BMI (P=0·04) and 2·4 kg/m2 less BMI (P=0·004), respectively, between the age 6 and 14 years, than children of mothers without BID. Normal-weight boys whose mothers desired a thinner child’s body gained an estimated 1·8 kg/m2 less BMI than normal-weight boys of mothers without BID (P=0·02). Maternal BID with herself was positively related to children’s BMI gain during follow-up.ConclusionsMaternal BID is associated with child’s BMI trajectories in a sex- and weight-specific manner.
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Troncone, Alda, Francesco Prisco, Crescenzo Cascella, Antonietta Chianese, Angela Zanfardino, and Dario Iafusco. "The evaluation of body image in children with type 1 diabetes: A case-control study." Journal of Health Psychology 21, no. 4 (April 21, 2014): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105314529682.
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Erokhina, E. A., and E. V. Filippova. "Body image and attitude to one's body in adolescent: family and sociocultural factors (based on foreign researches)." Современная зарубежная психология 8, no. 4 (2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080406.
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The article provides an overview of foreign studies published between 2014 and 2019 on the problem of body image and attitudes of adolescents to their bodies. The influence of social environment, social networks and family on the formation of body image and satisfaction with it is analyzed. The emphasis is on the studies that consider child-parent relations, parents' attitudes and behaviors towards adolescents, their own attitudes towards their parents and their own attitudes to their own bodies as the main factors convey their behaviors to children. It is shown that the attitude to the body can be a predictor of eating disorders, overweight, depressive symptoms, dysmorphia. The analysis of the presented studies leads to understanding of the necessity in awareness-raising work with the sociocultural and family environment of adolescents, primarily with their parents
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Cicmil, Nela, and Karin Eli. "Body image among eating disorder patients with disabilities: A review of published case studies." Body Image 11, no. 3 (June 2014): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.04.001.
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Gattario, Kristina Holmqvist, Magnus Lindwall, and Ann Frisén. "Life after childhood bullying: Body image development and disordered eating in adulthood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 3 (October 13, 2019): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419877971.
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Studies have demonstrated that being bullied in childhood may have long-term associations with lower psychological well-being in adulthood. However, although bullying incidents frequently target the victim’s body and appearance, research has overlooked studying victims’ long-term body image development and risk of engaging in disordered eating later in life. This 14-year longitudinal research project examined childhood bullying in relation to body image development and disordered eating in emerging adulthood. Growth curve analyses of participants’ body image at ages 10–21 years ( N = 960) revealed that more victimized children experienced more body dissatisfaction at baseline and maintained their negative body image throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Mediation analyses showed that childhood bullying (age 10 years) predicted more negative body image in adolescence (age 18 years), which in turn predicted more disordered eating in adulthood (age 24 years). The indirect effect was stronger for girls than for boys. The findings suggest that bullied children are likely to face both more body image problems and disordered eating as they evolve through adolescence and into adulthood, indicating the need for early and effective interventions. Incorporating components known to promote a more positive body image could be a valuable feature of future interventions. Thus, as children and adolescents are taught to cope with bullying situations, they could also be helped to deal with the appearance culture that permeates many of these situations.
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Nanoglou, Stratos. "Subjectivity and Material Culture in Thessaly, Greece: the Case of Neolithic Anthropomorphc Imagery." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15, no. 2 (October 2005): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774305000077.
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This article considers the role of anthropomorphic imagery in the constitution of subjects in Neolithic Thessaly, Greece. To accomplish that, material culture is seen as discourse, i.e. an articulating practice, which through its reiteration empowers certain positions rather than others. The objective of the study is to identify some aspects of the forms that specific anthropomorphic figures encourage or oblige those positions to take. These aspects pertain mainly to the human body. One conclusion is that there is a shift from an emphasis on the image of movement to an emphasis on the static image of the body and a concomitant interest in the head.
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Ramírez-Alvarado, María-del-Mar. "Childhood image: iconographyc aspects." Comunicar 12, no. 24 (March 1, 2005): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c24-2005-19.
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This paper analyses the evolution of childhood image throughout History from the most ancient times, when realistic representation of specific infant features is practically non existent in –or irrelevant to- many cultures. Children´s image, with all its specific characteristics according to each historical period, turns into a major theme in a whole body of religious and secular iconography which grants them a leading role. Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la imagen de la infancia a lo largo de la historia, desde de la más lejana antigüedad, donde la representación realista de rasgos específicos de la infancia es prácticamente inexistente o carecía de interés en las más variadas culturas. Con el paso del tiempo, la imagen de niños y niñas, con sus características específicas dependiendo del momento histórico, comienza a ser un motivo importante de toda una iconografía religiosa y laica que les convierte en protagonistas.
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Martins, J., R. Vaz, A. Costa, J. Brás, R. Sousa, J. Abreu, E. Almeida, and T. Casanova. "Anorexia Nervosa and Gender Dysphoria: A Clinical Case." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1496.
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Introduction Eating disorders (ED) and gender dysphoria (GD) are associated with a change in body perception. Therefore, body dissatisfaction plays a common and central role in these disorders. In GD, body image concerns are related to the features of the biological sex. In ED, body dissatisfaction comes from a distorted perception of weight and body shape and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the psychopathology. Objectives To present and discuss the clinical case of a patient with a previous diagnosis of GD who presented with a clinical condition suggesting a restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN). Methods Patient´s clinical files consultation and literature review using Pubmed and the keywords: eating disorders and gender dysphoria. Results We present the case of a 25-year-old patient who was living in a shelter for victims of domestic violence and was admitted for severe restrictive AN. The patient was discharged after 40 days and medicated with sertraline, diazepam and olanzapine, as well as her previous medication (hormonal therapy): cyproterone, finasteride, estradiol, oxybutynin. Conclusions Although studies on this subject are still scarce, there has been some progress and the literature recognizes the coexistence of these conditions. However ED symptoms in patients with GD could have a different meaning: they may represent a dysfunctional coping strategy adopted to block features of the biological sex. Therefore health professionals may take a more holistic approach to body image. Additional studies will be necessary, allowing the establishment of cause-consequence interactions between weight loss and psychopathology related to GD. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Silva, Daniela, Lara Ferriani, and Maria Carmen Viana. "Depression, anthropometric parameters, and body image in adults: a systematic review." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 5 (May 2019): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.731.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between depression, anthropometric parameters and body image in adults through a systematic review of the literature. METHOD: Medline, Lilacs and PsycInfo databases were searched by two independent reviewers up to August 2018, without language restriction, including cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies in adults (18-65 years), of both genders. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale instrument. The PRISMA standards were adopted for the conduct of this review, whose protocol is registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42018105248. RESULTS: The search resulted in 1,770 articles; however, a total of 5 articles were included in this review, whose designs were transversal. Quality scores ranged from 8 to 9 points. The association between depression, anthropometric parameters, and body image was found in all included studies, regardless of the different statistical methods employed. Women perceived their body larger than it really was by idealizing a lean body, whereas in men the perception of being underweight or dissatisfaction was observed by idealizing a larger body, both conditions were associated with the presence of depression or depressive symptoms and body mass index in the same time. CONCLUSION: Depression, anthropometric parameters and body image were associated. It is necessary to conduct other studies, especially longitudinal studies to elucidate the relationship among depression, weight, body image, and other associated factors.
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Toader, Corneliu, Mioriţa Toader, and Iolanda Cristina Vivisenco. "Foreign body with multiple location – trachea, nose, cavum nasi – in a child. Case presentation." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.1.9.
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Pathology of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children is a major emergency, because by their unpredictable evolution following mobilization, can cause sudden asphyxia. The most frequent location for airway foreign bodies is in the right primary bronchus, followed by the left primary bronchus and most rarely in the trachea. Sometimes in children, we can fi nd multiple airway foreign bodies. Very rare in children, we can fi nd airway foreign bodies with multiple location. The authors present a very rare case, unique in all pathology resolved along their quite vast experience – multiple foreign body with multiple location in the trachea, nose and cavum nasi in a child aged 1 year and 5 months.
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Toader, Corneliu, Alina Oprea, Anca Constantin, Liviu Niculescu, Mioriţa Toader, Mircea Drăghici, and Dragoş Palade. "Difficulties in treating esophageal foreign bodies in children." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.3.21.
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The ingress of foreign bodies in the esophagus is relatively easy and, at the same time, frequently, especially during the childhood. Children usually carry to their mouth within easy reach, different objects: seeds, pits/kernels, coins, buttons, food pieces, toys’ pieces, tiny toys, pins, drawing pins, rings, earrings, etc. We present a case of a multiple esophageal foreign body, at which, only the attention and accuracy with which the esophagoscopy was proceeded, has allowed the extraction of the foreign body.
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Ivanović, Miroljub, Srdjan Milosavljević, and Ugljesa Ivanović. "Sociocultural Influences of Parents on Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescents." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spes-2016-0021.
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AbstractThe basic goal of this research was to evaluate sociocultural influence of parents on general body dissatisfaction among their adolescent children. The sample comprised (N = 228) of both male and female adolescents aged between 16-19 years. In this study, two measuring instruments were applied: Body image and body change inventory and the Perceived Sociocultural Influences on Body Image and Body Change Questionnaire. These instruments show internal consistency of high reliability, which makes them applicable to the Serbian population. According to results of the correlational analysis, there is a mild correlation between predictor variables (influence of mother and influence of father) and the criteria general body dissatisfaction. The applied hierarchical regression analysis showed that predictor variables explain 22% of the total variance of general body dissatisfaction. It was also established that variables (female gender, sociocultural influence of parents on body image and change in physical appearance) present significant predictors of overall body dissatisfaction in late adolescence. The majority of the obtained findings is in accordance with results from previous studies, and should provide directions for predicting body image and perceptive sociocultural contributions on body image, as well as designing programs of prevention regarding body dissatisfaction in adolescents of both genders.
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Giusti, Emanuele Maria, Chiara Manna, Anna Scolari, José M. Mestre, Tamara Prevendar, Gianluca Castelnuovo, and Giada Pietrabissa. "The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Obesity and Eating Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Mapping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042054.
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Eating and weight disorders often develop early in life and cause a long-standing significant health burden. Given the documented role of emotional intelligence (EI) in shaping the body image and predicting the onset of eating disorders, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in EI among youth is fundamental to designing specific interventions for screening and prevention of obesity and eating disorders (EDs). The present systematic mapping review was aimed to explore and quantify the nature and distribution of existing research investigating the impact of EI on EDs in young people. A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) was used to assess the included studies’ methodological quality. The included studies’ results were mapped based on stratification by age groups (children, preadolescents, and adolescents), population (clinical vs. non-clinical) and disordered eating outcomes. Nine studies were included, supporting the association between EI and body image dissatisfaction, ED risk and bulimic symptomatology, but not with anorexic symptoms. Research on children and clinical populations was scant. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of EI in the genesis and maintenance of EDs.
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Hasmira, Hasmira, Budi Anna Keliat, and Giur Hargiana. "Application of Family Psychoeducation to Client Psychosocial Disorder Anxiety and Body Image Due." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 4 (September 6, 2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.485-490.
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is becoming poses a threat to global health and requires special attention. The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus has increased significantly throughout the world in the last 10 years. Indonesia ranks sixth among people with diabetes worldwide. Anxiety and body image are of the psychosocial effects given from Diabetes mellitus. Anxiety and body image can affect the client’s diet, causing changes in nutrition. Through case report by providing family psychoeducation therapy in the form of stress management that can reduce and even overcome anxiety and body image is very useful for clients and families to reduce the risk of body image for clients who experience nutritional imbalances and family body image that treats clients with Diabetes mellitus. This study aims help to overcome anxiety and body image disorders in diabetes mellitus clients so that diabetes mellitus clients have a good appetite. In addition, families are also able to cope with stress in treating diabetes mellitus clients. Research using case studies shows that clients already have a good appetite, anxiety and impaired body image can be lowered and the family is able to cope with stress and able to treat clients with diabetes mellitus. Family psychoeducation therapy is very useful in reducing the level of anxiety and disruption of the body image of a diabetes mellitus client in supporting the client’s diet and being able to deal with family stress in caring for a diabetes mellitus client.
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Choi, Myeong-Ok and Koo Ja Gyoung. "The Case Study on Group Art Therapy Using Body-image for the Self-Esteem Improvement of Institutionalized Children." Korean Journal of Art Therapy 20, no. 3 (June 2013): 497–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.35594/kata.2013.20.3.003.
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Duchin, Ofra, Constanza Marin, Mercedes Mora-Plazas, Carlos Mendes de Leon, Joyce M. Lee, Ana Baylin, and Eduardo Villamor. "A prospective study of body image dissatisfaction and BMI change in school-age children." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 2 (April 4, 2014): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000366.
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AbstractObjectiveBody image dissatisfaction (BID) in school-age children is positively associated with weight status in cross-sectional studies; however, it is uncertain whether BID is a risk factor for the development of adiposity over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of BID with changes in BMI in school-age children.DesignLongitudinal study. At recruitment, children were asked to indicate the silhouette that most closely represented their current and desired body shapes using child-adapted Stunkard scales. Baseline BID was calculated as the difference of current minus desired body image. Height and weight were measured at recruitment and then annually for a median of 2·5 years. Sex-specific BMI-for-age curves were estimated by levels of baseline BID, using mixed-effects models with restricted cubic splines.SettingPublic primary schools in Bogotá, Colombia.SubjectsSix hundred and twenty-nine children aged 5–12 years.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, thin boys who desired to be thinner gained an estimated 5·8 kg/m2 more BMI from age 6 to 14 years than boys without BID (P = 0·0004). Heavy boys who desired to be heavier or thinner gained significantly more BMI than boys without BID (P = 0·003 and P = 0·007, respectively). Thin girls who desired to be heavier or thinner gained significantly less BMI than girls without BID (P = 0·0008 and P = 0·05, respectively), whereas heavy girls who desired to be heavier gained an estimated 4·8 kg/m2 less BMI than girls without BID (P = 0·0006). BID was not related to BMI change in normal-weight children.ConclusionsBID is associated with BMI trajectories of school-age children in a sex- and weight-specific manner.
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Santostefano, Sebastiano, and John A. Calicchia. "Body image, relational psychoanalysis, and the construction of meaning: Implications for treating aggressive children." Development and Psychopathology 4, no. 4 (October 1992): 655–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004910.
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AbstractFor more than a decade it has been reported that a significant proportion of youth referred for treatment come with aggressive problems that are difficult to treat and resistant to change. Concepts and research findings from the domains of body image, cognitive unconscious, and the new relational perspective in psychoanalysis are integrated to address this issue and construct a treatment model. It is proposed that body image schemas, representing early, interpersonal experiences and prescribing persistent aggressive behaviors, are cast in nonverbal, nonsymbolic forms. On the other hand, meanings of environmental rules are cast in symbolic/verbal forms. Therefore, little or no communication and conflict exist between these meanings. For the same reason, because verbal interpretation and discussions of beliefs and attitudes, emphasized by both cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic therapies, are cast in symbolic-conceptual forms, they might not effectively influence embodied meanings that prescribe aggression. Accordingly, the goal of the proposed approach is to facilitate the translation of embodied meanings that underly aggression into symbolic form in order to promote communication between these meanings and those of expectations and interpretations. This translation is accomplished as the youth and therapist (paralleling infant-caretaker transactions) interact and negotiate an evolving series of ritualized activities within which the youth projects various unrepaired, developmental interferences (interpersonal dilemmas), and their associated embodied meanings, onto the therapist who enacts the roles of the projected dilemmas, using action symbols as solutions whenever possible. As the youth identifies with and internalizes the therapist's efforts and solutions, the embodied meanings become translated into symbols that communicate with those of rules at higher cognitive levels, resulting in mental conflict available to awareness and discussions. To illustrate the heuristic value of the model, a treatment case is described and new research directions discussed.
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O'Dea, Jennifer. "Studies of obesity, body image and related health issues among Australian adolescents: how can programs in schools interact with and complement each other?" Journal of Student Wellbeing 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/jsw.v4i2.721.
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This article details recent studies of body weight, obesity, body image and related health issues among Australian adolescents and the ways in which subsequent nutrition and physical activity programs in schools can interact with and complement each other, rather than contradicting or competing with each other. I briefly identify and discuss the commonalities between health promotion, obesity prevention, body image improvement, eating disorder prevention and promotion of physical activity. In this article I present for the first time the findings of a 2009 research study examining the recent barriers to participation in sport, physical education and physical activity from a study of 1000 Australian children and adolescents. These findings illustrate the complex interrelationships between various adolescent health issues and their prevention. Finally, I believe that preventing the co-existing problems of obesity, low physical activity, disordered eating and body image concerns among adolescents is very challenging and requires a thoughtful, careful community involvement strategy. I suggest that it would be a mistake to target any sort of weight loss or weight control message towards adolescent girls, many of whom clearly already have a fear of fatness, an apparent body image problem and low self-esteem. Similarly, I recommend that it would be culturally inappropriate to approach obesity prevention among ethnic groups of overweight or obese adolescents and their families without serious consideration of the potentially harmful, undesirable or culturally inappropriate outcomes. Several facets of prevention need attention when focusing on school based health promotion, nutrition education and body image improvement using a whole-school approach, including school curricula, school ethos, school policies and school–community links.
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Hirsch, Franz Wolfgang, Jens Frahm, Ina Sorge, Christian Roth, Dirk Voit, and Daniel Gräfe. "Real-time magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric radiology — new approach to movement and moving children." Pediatric Radiology 51, no. 5 (February 10, 2021): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04828-5.
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AbstractThe recent development of highly undersampled radial gradient echo sequences in combination with nonlinear inverse image reconstruction now allows for MRI examinations in real time. Image acquisition times as short as 20 ms yield MRI videos with rates of up to 50 frames per second with spin density, T1- and T2-type contrast. The addition of an initial 180° inversion pulse achieves accurate T1 mapping within only 4 s. These technical advances promise specific advantages for studies of infants and young children by eliminating the need for sedation or anesthesia. Our preliminary data demonstrate new diagnostic opportunities ranging from dynamic studies of speech and swallowing processes and body movements to a rapid volumetric assessment of brain cerebrospinal fluid spaces in only few seconds. Real-time MRI of the heart and blood flow can be performed without electrocardiogram gating and under free breathing. The present findings support the idea that real-time MRI will complement existing methods by providing long-awaited diagnostic options for patients in early childhood. Major advantages are the avoidance of sedation or anesthesia and the yet unexplored potential to gain insights into arbitrary body functions.
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Fitriyah, Lailatul, and Tristan Rokhmawan. ""You're fat and not normal!" From Body Image to Decision of Suicide." Indonesian Journal of Learning Education and Counseling 1, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31960/ijolec.v1i2.75.
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Bullying has become a highlighted problem in recent years by observers (or researchers) about education, counseling, psychology, and the development of children and adolescents. One of the things that attracts attention is bullying with the theme of form and weight. Physical differences in the body, especially in obese people, are followed by stigma and negative justification. Internalization of stigma and justification leads to cases of oppression, in some cases, even suicide decisions. The author tries to find a network of theoretical and conceptual relationships between body image, diet, bullying, the role of the media, depression, to the decision to commit suicide from various sources and the results of previous studies. In the end, it seems that the habit of mocking and humiliating someone who is overweight, which we often face every day and is considered normal, can be a more serious problem. Being slim and fat is an option, but setting it as a normal standard can bring stereotypical havoc.
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Widyani, Donafeby, and Joseph Chen. "Marketer as a Barbie Game Changer." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 1918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i5.349.
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This paper addresses issues about how the Barbie doll can provide an unrealistic vision of how women should look and what marketers can do about it. Barbie is a well-known doll that has become a role model for girls. However, Barbie dolls have attracted much criticism. Studies found that Barbie shapes the body image of young girls and possibly creates body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem among girls. Body dissatisfaction can lead to eating disorders and low self-esteem can lead to depressive behavior. Answering that phenomenon, Barbie launched Barbie Fashionista that has a diverse body type. However, Girls still tend to choose thinner Barbie. Barbie’s marketer should encourage girls to play more with a more realistic body image Barbie such as curvy, tall, and petite, and encourage the children to feel good about their bodies.
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Ruby, Jay. "Portraying the Dead." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 19, no. 1 (August 1989): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hl4a-6vd6-pv42-lrwf.
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This article explores the custom of post-mortem photography. In nineteenth century America, this was a socially acceptable, publicly acknowledged form of photography. Professional photographers accepted commissions, advertised the service, and held professional discussions in their journals about the practice. The images were publicly displayed in wall frames and albums. Initially, death pictures were portraits which attempted to deny death by displaying the body as if asleep, or even conscious. By the turn-of-the-century, the deceased were displayed in a casket with an increasing emphasis upon the funeral. Today, families make their own photos; circulating them in a private manner so that many people assume that the custom has been abandoned. Counselors working with the parents of children who have died provide evidence that these images can be useful in the mourning process. The findings of this study suggest that a more thorough examination of the place of death-related photographs in the management of grief would be of value.
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Tse, Andy CY, CCW Yu, and Paul H. Lee. "Comparing sleep patterns between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development: A matched case–control study." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 7, 2020): 2298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320936827.
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Children with autism spectrum disorder are often reported to have more sleep deficits and poorer sleep quality compared with children with typical development. However, most previous studies have serious methodological limitations, such as varying sample sizes in the comparison groups, wide age range of participants, and body mass index not matched between participants. This study investigated whether sleep patterns differed between children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development using a carefully matched case–control design and incorporating both actigraphy and sleep log assessments. A total of 78 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were matched with 78 typical development controls in this study. The matched variables included age, gender, and body mass index. The results showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had shorter sleep duration, reduced sleep efficiency, longer sleep-onset latency, and longer wake after sleep onset than children with typical development ( ps < 0.05). Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these sleep deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract This study compared the sleep pattern between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development using a matched case–control design (matched age, gender, and body mass index). Significant differences were found in night-time sleep duration (total amount of sleep at night), sleep efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep), sleep-onset latency (length of time that it takes to transit from awake to asleep), and wake after sleep onset (total amount of time spent awake after defined sleep onset). Findings showed that children with autism spectrum disorder had poorer sleep quality than children with typical development. Mechanisms underlying the differences should be further explored in order to develop an effective treatment intervention.
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Więch, Paweł, Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska, Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej, Justyna Kilian, Ewa Lenart-Domka, Agnieszka Bejer, Elżbieta Domka-Jopek, Bernard Sozański, and Bartosz Korczowski. "The Relationship between Body Composition and Muscle Tone in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030864.
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The monitoring of children with cerebral palsy (CP) should include a precise assessment of the nutritional status to identify children and adolescents at risk of nutrition disorders. Available studies assessing the nutritional status of children with CP mainly focus on the relationship between body composition and the coexistence of motor dysfunctions, frequently overlooking the role of muscle tone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body composition and muscle tone in children with CP. In a case-control study (n = 118; mean age 11 y; SD = 3.8), the children with CP presented various stages of functional capacities, corresponding to all the levels in gross motor function classification system (GMFSC), and muscle tone described by all the grades in Ashworth scale. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. The children with CP were found with significantly lower mean values of fat-free mass (FFM kg = 29.2 vs. 34.5, p < 0.001), muscle mass (MM kg = 18.6 vs. 22.6, p < 0.001), body cell mass (BCM kg = 15.1 vs. 18.3, p < 0.001), and total body water (TBW L = 23.0 vs. 26.7, p < 0.001). The same differences in body composition were identified with respect to gender (p < 0.01 respectively). Moreover, children with higher muscle tone (higher score in Ashworth scale) were found with significantly lower values of fat mass (FM), FFM, MM, BCM, and TBW (p < 0.05). The findings showed lower parameters of body composition in the children with CP compared to the healthy children, and a decrease in the parameters coinciding with higher muscle tone in the study group. This observation suggests that it is necessary to measure muscle tone while assessing nutritional status of children with CP.
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Szkoda, Lawia, Andrzej Szopa, Andrzej Siwiec, Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec, and Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa. "Body Composition and Spasticity in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy—A Case–Control Study." Children 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121904.
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The aim of this study was to identify the correlations between segmental body composition and the spasticity level of the affected lower limb in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (spastic hemiplegia). Additionally, an attempt was made to identify the differences in composition between the affected and unaffected lower limbs using segmental body composition analysis. This case–control study included 31 children with spastic hemiplegia aged 8 to 16 years with differing severities of spasticity in the lower limbs. The reference group consisted of a control group which included 31 peers with corresponding age and sex to the tested group. Negative correlations obtained in the statistical analysis showed that higher spasticity level in the iliopsoas muscle is associated with lower limb fat-free mass and lower limb muscle mass. Our results showed that children with spastic hemiplegia have worse parameters of body composition in the affected limb than in the unaffected one. To confirm the importance of these results, further studies are needed in a larger population which includes non-ambulatory children.
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Shriver, Lenka H., Jessica M. Dollar, Susan D. Calkins, Susan P. Keane, Lilly Shanahan, and Laurie Wideman. "Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010079.
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Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.
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Duchesne, Annie-Pier, Jacinthe Dion, Daniel Lalande, Catherine Bégin, Claudie Émond, Gilles Lalande, and Pierre McDuff. "Body dissatisfaction and psychological distress in adolescents: Is self-esteem a mediator?" Journal of Health Psychology 22, no. 12 (February 29, 2016): 1563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316631196.
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This brief report tests the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of depression and anxiety. A sample of 409 adolescents (females = 58.4%) aged between 14 and 18 years completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Overall, results for the indirect effects analysis were significant for both anxiety and depression, which confirmed the mediating role of self-esteem. Thus, a negative perception of one’s body image has the effect of lowering self-esteem, which in turn increases psychological distress.
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Shchurova, Elena N., Sergei O. Riabykh, Egor Yu Filatov, Polina V. Ochirova, and Tatyana V. Ryabykh. "The current view on the body mass and body mass index of children with spine deformity due to cerebral palsy: a systematic review." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 8, no. 3 (October 6, 2020): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors33938.
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Background. Currently, several authors believe that one of the main risk factors for the development of postoperative complications after surgical correction of scoliosis due to cerebral palsy (CP) is the body weight, changes in it, and the body mass index (BMI). However, a unified approach for the analysis of these indicators in children with CP remains unclear.
Aim. Analysis of the available data in the modern literature on the issues of body mass and BMI in children with spine deformity due to CP.
Materials and methods. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in open electronic databases of the scientific literature PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, eLIBRARY, Russian Index of Scientific Citation (RISC), and bibliography of key articles. The criteria of inclusion were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, multicenter studies, controlled cohort studies, uncontrolled cohort studies of children with spine deformities due to CP, and age of the CP patient 20 years. The criteria of exclusion were clinical cases, observations, materials of conferences, the patients age 20 years, and neuromuscular scoliosis of another etiology.
Results. The review primarily included 156 articles with the publication date of 19902020. Among them, 25 publications met the following criteria of inclusion: 3 systematic reviews and meta-analysis, 3 population studies, 1 multicenter study, 11 controlled cohort studies, 6 uncontrolled cohort studies, and 1 case-control study.
Conclusion. Body mass and BMI correlate with the functional activities of children with scoliosis due to CP. GMFCS stratified growth graphs of children with CP are the most appropriate reference indicators for assessing body mass and BMI of children with CP. Underweight body and low BMI (below the 10th percentile) are important factors that contribute to high risk of complications after scoliosis surgical correction. In the future, it will be necessary to develop national special centile tables for the optimal assessment of the anthropometric indicators in children with CP.
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Pavlova, N. V., and E. V. Filippova. "The relationship of eating behavior and body image formation in children and adolescents in the context of child-parent relationships." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 4 (2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090403.
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The review presents foreign works aimed at studying the effects of parental and societal behavior on eating behavior and attitudes towards their bodies in children and adolescents. The reviewed articles analyze attitudes towards the bodies and internalized appearance patterns in children and adolescents, formation of their patterns of healthy eating and healthy eating behavior, and do not focus on eating disorders only. It must be noted that in Russia the issue of healthy eating behavior is touched upon mainly in publications concerning the medical aspect of this problem, while in foreign psychological studies it is becoming increasingly popular. The analysis of the publications also shows that the problem of eating behavior and attitude to the body, traditionally related to adolescence, is clearly "rejuvenated". Children aged 6-7 are gradually becoming the target group of researchers, so the problem deserves serious attention.
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Borges, A., and D. Machado. "Bulimia nervosa and borderline personality disorder - case report and literature review." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S151—S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.407.
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Introduction Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is a debilitating eating disorder characterized by binging and purging episodes generally accompanied by excessive concern with body weight and shape as well as body image disturbance. BN and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) may co-occur. In fact, studies estimate that one quarter to one third of patients with BN also meet criteria for BPD. However not much is known about the relationship between these two diseases. Nevertheless, the high comorbidity rate might not be surprising as both BN and BPD may share interacting aetiologies and common core symptoms such as impulsivity and emotional instability. So far, only very little is known about the clinical presentation of patients with both BN and BPD and their response to treatment. Objectives Literature review on BN and comorbid BPD. An illustrative clinical case is presented. Methods Case report and non-systematic review of the literature - sources obtained through search on Pubmed.gov database. Results Female, 19-year-old, student, lived with her mother and stepfather. Developed a poor relationship with her body image due to dental problems during high school. The patient started to binge eat, exhibit compensatory behaviors, restrictive eating pattern, body dissatisfaction and emotional instability while maintaining a normal BMI. Over the last year, she started a self-destructive behavior with slight improvement of BN symptoms. Conclusions Special attention should be given to patients suffering from BN and comorbid BPD as they present greater risk of recurrent suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury, as well as lower rates of remission. Early interventions that target impulsivity and problematic eating behavior may mitigate risk of future borderline personality features. Disclosure No significant relationships.