Academic literature on the topic 'Body illusion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Body illusion"
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Metral, Morgane, Corentin Gonthier, Marion Luyat, and Michel Guerraz. "Body Schema Illusions: A Study of the Link between the Rubber Hand and Kinesthetic Mirror Illusions through Individual Differences." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6937328.
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Background. The well-known rubber hand paradigm induces an illusion by having participants feel the touch applied to a fake hand. In parallel, the kinesthetic mirror illusion elicits illusions of movement by moving the reflection of a participant’s arm. Experimental manipulation of sensory inputs leads to emergence of these multisensory illusions. There are strong conceptual similarities between these two illusions, suggesting that they rely on the same neurophysiological mechanisms, but this relationship has never been investigated. Studies indicate that participants differ in their sensitivity to these illusions, which provides a possibility for studying the relationship between these two illusions. Method. We tested 36 healthy participants to confirm that there exist reliable individual differences in sensitivity to the two illusions and that participants sensitive to one illusion are also sensitive to the other. Results. The results revealed that illusion sensitivity was very stable across trials and that individual differences in sensitivity to the kinesthetic mirror illusion were highly related to individual differences in sensitivity to the rubber hand illusion. Conclusions. Overall, these results support the idea that these two illusions may be both linked to a transitory modification of body schema, wherein the most sensitive people have the most malleable body schema.
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Vorobeva, V. P., O. S. Perepelkina, and G. A. Arina. "Equivalence of the Classical Rubber Hand Illusion and the Virtual Hand Illusion." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 3 (2020): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130303.
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Computer technologies implementation into the body illusions research is increasing because they allow to controllably model complex processes that cannot be realised in ordinary life. It was previously demonstrated that the rubber hand illusion may be reconstructed in the virtual setting and cause similar changes in the somatoperception when the virtual hand begins to feel like your own. This result suggests that the phenomenological experience obtained in the classical illusion and in its virtual reality version has much in common. However, a direct experimental comparison of the two illusion variants has not been made, therefore, in this research we studied the equivalence of the rubber and virtual hand illusions (RHI and VHI). The sample consisted of 16 subjects (18—25 years). As registration methods we used a subjective sense of ownership of an artificial limb and the proprioceptive drift of the real hand towards the illusory hand. The analysis has proved the equivalence of illusions.
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Swinkels, Lieke M. J., Harm Veling, and Hein T. van Schie. "The Redundant Signals Effect and the Full Body Illusion: not Multisensory, but Unisensory Tactile Stimuli Are Affected by the Illusion." Multisensory Research 34, no. 6 (2021): 553–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10046.
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Abstract During a full body illusion (FBI), participants experience a change in self-location towards a body that they see in front of them from a third-person perspective and experience touch to originate from this body. Multisensory integration is thought to underlie this illusion. In the present study we tested the redundant signals effect (RSE) as a new objective measure of the illusion that was designed to directly tap into the multisensory integration underlying the illusion. The illusion was induced by an experimenter who stroked and tapped the participant’s shoulder and underarm, while participants perceived the touch on the virtual body in front of them via a head-mounted display. Participants performed a speeded detection task, responding to visual stimuli on the virtual body, to tactile stimuli on the real body and to combined (multisensory) visual and tactile stimuli. Analysis of the RSE with a race model inequality test indicated that multisensory integration took place in both the synchronous and the asynchronous condition. This surprising finding suggests that simultaneous bodily stimuli from different (visual and tactile) modalities will be transiently integrated into a multisensory representation even when no illusion is induced. Furthermore, this finding suggests that the RSE is not a suitable objective measure of body illusions. Interestingly however, responses to the unisensory tactile stimuli in the speeded detection task were found to be slower and had a larger variance in the asynchronous condition than in the synchronous condition. The implications of this finding for the literature on body representations are discussed.
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Guterstam, Arvid, Kelly L. Collins, Jeneva A. Cronin, et al. "Direct Electrophysiological Correlates of Body Ownership in Human Cerebral Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 3 (2018): 1328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy285.
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Abstract Over the past decade, numerous neuroimaging studies based on hemodynamic markers of brain activity have examined the feeling of body ownership using perceptual body-illusions in humans. However, the direct electrophysiological correlates of body ownership at the cortical level remain unexplored. To address this, we studied the rubber hand illusion in 5 patients (3 males and 2 females) implanted with intracranial electrodes measuring cortical surface potentials. Increased high-γ (70–200 Hz) activity, an index of neuronal firing rate, in premotor and intraparietal cortices reflected the feeling of ownership. In both areas, high-γ increases were intimately coupled with the subjective illusion onset and sustained both during and in-between touches. However, intraparietal activity was modulated by tactile stimulation to a higher degree than the premotor cortex through effective connectivity with the hand-somatosensory cortex, which suggests different functional roles. These findings constitute the first intracranial electrophysiological characterization of the rubber hand illusion and extend our understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of body ownership.
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Kishore, Sameer, Mar González-Franco, Christoph Hintemüller, et al. "Comparison of SSVEP BCI and Eye Tracking for Controlling a Humanoid Robot in a Social Environment." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 23, no. 3 (2014): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00192.
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Recent advances in humanoid robot technologies have made it possible to inhabit a humanlike form located at a remote place. This allows the participant to interact with others in that space and experience the illusion that the participant is actually present in the remote space. Moreover, with these humanlike forms, it may be possible to induce a full-body ownership illusion, where the robot body is perceived to be one's own. We show that it is possible to induce the full-body ownership illusion over a remote robotic body with a highly robotic appearance. Additionally, our results indicate that even with nonmanual control of a remote robotic body, it is possible to induce feelings of agency and illusions of body ownership. Two established control methods, an SSVEP-based BCI and eye tracking, were tested as a means of controlling the robot's gesturing. Our experience and the results indicate that both methods are tractable for immersive control of a humanoid robot in a social telepresence setting.
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Preston, Catherine, and Roger Newport. "How Long is Your Arm? Using Multisensory Illusions to Modify Body Image from the Third Person Perspective." Perception 41, no. 2 (2012): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7103.
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Updating body representations from the 3rd person perspectives (3PP) seems to require viewing the real body, unlike when viewing from a 1st person perspective. Here, 3PP updating was investigated through induction of a physically impossible multisensory illusion in which participants viewed real-time 3PP video of themselves having their arm pulled until it stretched to twice its normal length. The illusion elicited the subjective experience that the participant's own arm had been stretched and caused an overestimation of reaching distance, although actual reaches were unaffected. Multisensory illusions from the 3PP can alter body image when applied to real bodies.
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Cadete, Denise, and Matthew R. Longo. "A Continuous Illusion of Having a Sixth Finger." Perception 49, no. 8 (2020): 807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620939457.
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Our body is central to our sense of self and personal identity, yet it can be manipulated in the laboratory in surprisingly easy ways. Several multisensory illusions have shown the flexibility of the mental representation of our bodies by inducing the illusion of owning an artificial body part or having a body part with altered features. Recently, new studies showed we can embody additional body parts such as a supernumerary finger. Newport et al. recently reported a novel six-finger illusion using conflicting visual and tactile signals induced with the mirror box to create the illusory perception of having a sixth finger for a brief moment. In this study, we aimed to replicate this result and to investigate whether the experience of embodiment of a sixth finger could be prolonged for an extended duration by applying continuous visual–tactile stimulation. Results showed that a continuous illusion of having a sixth finger can be clearly induced. This shows that the six-finger illusion does not reflect merely a momentary confusion due to conflicting multisensory signals but can reflect an enduring representation of a supernumerary finger.
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Holmes, Nicholas P., Tamar R. Makin, Michelle Cadieux, et al. "Hand ownership and hand position in the rubber hand illusion are uncorrelated." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646730.
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The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a multisensory (visual, tactile, proprioceptive) illusion in which participants report body ownership over, mislocalize actual hand position to, and feel touches applied to, the rubber hand. For many years, researchers have used changes in perceived hand position, measured by inter-manual pointing, as a more objective measure of the illusion than verbal reports alone. Despite this reliance, there is little evidence to show that the illusion of hand ownership is directly related to perceived hand position. We developed an adaptive staircase procedure to measure perceived hand position, and tested whether the RHI affected perceived hand position. In two experiments we found a significant illusion of ownership, as well as significant changes in perceived hand position, but these two measures were uncorrelated. In a third experiment using more typical RHI procedures, we again replicated significant illusions of ownership and changes in hand position, but again the measures were uncorrelated. We conclude that viewing and feeling touches applied to a dummy hand results in clear illusions of ownership and changes in hand position, but via independent mechanisms.
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Holmes, Nicholas Paul, and Charles Spence. "Dissociating body image and body schema with rubber hands." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 2 (2007): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001501.
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AbstractDijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) argue that body image and body schema form parts of different and dissociable somatosensory streams. We agree in general, but believe that more emphasis should be placed on interactions between these two streams. We illustrate this point with evidence from the rubber-hand illusion (RHI) – an illusion of body image, which depends critically upon body schema.
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Sciortino, Placido, and Christoph Kayser. "The rubber hand illusion is accompanied by a distributed reduction of alpha and beta power in the EEG." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271659.
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Previous studies have reported correlates of bodily self-illusions such as the rubber hand in signatures of rhythmic brain activity. However, individual studies focused on specific variations of the rubber hand paradigm, used different experimental setups to induce this, or used different control conditions to isolate the neurophysiological signatures related to the illusory state, leaving the specificity of the reported illusion-signatures unclear. We here quantified correlates of the rubber hand illusion in EEG-derived oscillatory brain activity and asked two questions: which of the observed correlates are robust to the precise nature of the control conditions used as contrast for the illusory state, and whether such correlates emerge directly around the subjective illusion onset. To address these questions, we relied on two experimental configurations to induce the illusion, on different non-illusion conditions to isolate neurophysiological signatures of the illusory state, and we implemented an analysis directly focusing on the immediate moment of the illusion onset. Our results reveal a widespread suppression of alpha and beta-band activity associated with the illusory state in general, whereby the reduction of beta power prevailed around the immediate illusion onset. These results confirm previous reports of a suppression of alpha and beta rhythms during body illusions, but also highlight the difficulties to directly pinpoint the precise neurophysiological correlates of the illusory state.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Body illusion"
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Matsumoto, Nanae. "Brain activity associated with the rubber foot illusion." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253495.
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BELLAN, VALERIA. "Body representation, body localisation and body size perception: a study of bodily modulations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/69677.
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People are generally quite good at adapting to changes in body shape and size because of the flexibility of the body representation. By means of bodily illusions, it is possible to experimentally induce updating of body representation and, thus, manipulate the sense of self. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the sense of self through bodily illusions. Firstly, we investigated the relationship between the sense of ownership and self-localisation (Study 1). The results from this study are taken to suggest that the proprioceptive drift (i.e. a bias in the localisation of a given body part) is more likely triggered by and related to the visual capture of touch than it is a reliable measure of a shift in the sense of body ownership. In fact, our data show that the proprioceptive drift occurs not only in the absence of a shift in the sense of ownership, but even in the absence of a body-like object. Secondly, we investigated self-localisation of body parts by means of a novel illusion, the Disappearing Hand Trick. In particular, we explored the role of vision and proprioception (Study 2), as well as the role of attention and motor acts (Study 3), in locating one’s own hands when visual and proprioceptive information regarding the body are incongruent. Our data (Study 2) are in line with previous research, confirming a predominant role of vision over proprioception. In addition, they show that, after a certain amount of time, proprioception is weighted more heavily than vision. That is, our results demonstrate that the cortical proprioceptive representations can be updated even when there is no real need to do it (i.e. no movement is required). This might be seen as an evolutionarily convenient response to keep the body ready for a possible quick reaction. In Study 3, we ruled out the possibility that this effect was only driven by spatial attention being directed towards the side of the space where the hand was actually located. In fact, no difference in the localisation accuracy was found when the direction of spatial attention was manipulated. Finally, by asking the participants to reach across for their hidden right hand (Study 3), we confirmed that a motor act accelerates the reliance on proprioception, most likely by aligning the motor and perceptual coordinates in order to plan the movement.
In the first three studies, a modification of the body representation was intentionally induced – namely, the purpose of the illusions was to change how the participants perceived their body. However, we wondered whether this same change might also occur at a more implicit level and how rapidly this may occur. We designed two different studies in which we tried to manipulate the participants’ perceived body size by providing incongruent information about the position of their limb (Study 4) or by showing the participants images of unrealistic bodies (Study 5). In Study 4 we showed that incongruent proprioceptive information coming from the same joint does not affect the perceived size of that body part, but does lead to a more accurate estimation of its position. On the other hand, the results of Study 5 would seem to suggest that body perception is more vulnerable to change in women than in men after exposure to same-sex ideal bodies.
Taken together, these results suggest that, by manipulating the body representation, both explicitly, by means of a variety of bodily illusion, and even implicitly, by generating subtle incongruence between one’s own real body and how the body ‘should’ be, we were able to shed some light on the mechanisms behind the computation of body position and size, both of which are important elements for the definition of the self.
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Anell, Jesper. "Rubber hand illusion and affective touch : A systematic review." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18628.
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The feeling of owning a body part is often investigated by conducting and manipulating the rubber hand illusion, a three-way integration of vision, touch, and proprioception. In the last decade, more research on the role of interoception, the sense of the body's’ internal state, in the illusion has been made. One of the studied factors has been the affective touch, a caress-like, gentle, touch that is performed at a slow specific speed (1-10 cm/sec). Affective touch activates the C tactile afferents which send interoceptive signals to the brain, specifically the insula. The present systematic review investigated the role affective touch has on the strength of the rubber hand illusion. A range of electronic databases was searched for papers reporting research findings published in English before March 20, 2020. Twelve different articles were identified, but only five papers met the inclusion criteria. This thesis looked at the results from these five different studies and compared the effect of affective touch and discriminative, regular, touch have on the rubber hand illusion to see whether there is a significant difference. The results could not show a main effect of stroking velocity, site of stimulation, or social touch, which are components of affective touch. The results was based on four different measurements, the subjective experience of the illusion, pleasantness ratings, proprioceptive drift, and temperature difference in the skin. Opposed what was hypothesized, it could not be demonstrated that affective touch would induce a stronger rubber hand illusion than discriminative touch.
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Lewis, Elizabeth. "A mixed method investigation of the Rubber Hand Illusion." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-mixed-method-investigation-of-the-rubber-hand-illusion(e2d6456f-c093-4061-bd16-12e854915639).html.
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Embodiment is the experience of one's own body. It is often studied using the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI). This illusion varies the consistency between visual, tactile and proprioceptive signals to elicit a change to embodiment. Changes to embodiment are typically measured using a single sensory outcome measure of proprioceptive drift, which is interpreted as a proxy measure of embodiment. This approach obscures the unique contribution of other modalities such as vision and touch. The work presented in this thesis uses a mixed method approach to investigate the unique contribution of visual, tactile and proprioceptive modalities within the multisensory process of embodiment. In study one, a qualitative analysis showed that when visual-tactile discrepancies were present in the RHI, participants described both body ownership and body extension type changes to embodiment, and changes to tactile perception. In study two, psychophysical measurements of the RHI showed changes to visual, tactile and proprioceptive aspects of embodiment, suggesting that embodiment in the RHI could be measured using multiple sensory outcomes. Studies three and four assessed the utility of measuring multiple sensory outcomes of the RHI, by exploring changes to embodiment following internal and external forms of body perception training. Study three showed that brief body scan meditation, as a form of internal body perception training, reduced the longevity of the visual sensory outcome of the RHI and that this reduction was negatively correlated with improvements in interoceptive sensitivity. Study four showed that learning about the body through anatomical dissection training, as a form of external body perception training, reduced the longevity of the visual sensory outcome measure and decreased interoceptive sensitivity, but only in medical students who were high in trait personal distress. Collectively, these findings suggest that aspects of the multisensory processes of embodiment can become specialised and identify some unique contributions of individual sensory modalities to embodiment. The proprioceptive sensory outcome appears to be stable over time but the visual sensory outcome is a longer-term change to embodiment, which is susceptible to interference from body perception training. In study five, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties of an embodiment change questionnaire measuring body ownership, body extension and perceived causality in the RHI. Factor scores from the questionnaire were correlated with visual and proprioceptive outcome measures of the RHI and measures of trait empathy. The results suggested factor scores had better convergent validity than the standard illusion score used in previous research. This work has improved subjective and perceptual measures of the RHI and specified ways that individual sensory modalities provide a unique contribution to embodiment. The methods developed have further applications for studying the multisensory process of embodiment and investigating embodiment in a number of clinical groups.
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TOSI, GIORGIA. "How embodiment shapes our perception: evidence of body and space." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277383.
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Una grande varietà di input sensoriali dal mondo e dal corpo, sono continuamente integrati nel cervello al fine di creare rappresentazioni mentali sovramodali e coerenti del nostro stesso corpo.
La plasticità è una caratteristica fondamentale di tali rappresentazioni, che consente costanti cambiamenti adattativi nelle funzioni mentali e nel comportamento. Anche le rappresentazioni corporee possono cambiare in base all'esperienza e, soprattutto, possono essere temporaneamente modificate mediante protocolli sperimentali.
Nel presente lavoro, eravamo interessati a valutare la plasticità della percezione metrica del corpo e l'effetto di cambiamenti temporanei in essa sull'elaborazione delle informazioni corporee e spaziali. A tale scopo, sono stati utilizzati due illusioni corporee: la Mirror Box Illusion (MB) e la Full-Body Illusion (FBI). Il meccanismo principale che spiega l'efficacia di queste procedure sperimentali è il processo di incorporazione di una parte del corpo aliena.
Nell'esperimento 1 abbiamo usato un paradigma visuo-tattile di FBI per valutarne la fattibilità e la replicabilità con corpi di dimensioni diverse. Abbiamo confermato che è possibile indurre e replicare nello stesso partecipante l'incorporazione verso manichini di dimensioni standard o più grandi. Nell'esperimento 2 e 3 abbiamo studiato la rappresentazione metrica della gamba e la sua malleabilità. Abbiamo quindi misurato l'effetto dell'FBI indotto da diverse dimensioni corporee, su un compito di valutazione della distanza percepita tra due tocchi applicati alla gamba del partecipante. Abbiamo scoperto che l'esperienza soggettiva di incorporazione è accompagnata da un cambiamento nella percezione della metrica del corpo che va di pari passo con la dimensione delle gambe incarnate.
Poiché abbiamo confermato che, in soggetti sani, la rappresentazione metrica del corpo può essere modulata, abbiamo affrontato una domanda simile in pazienti con emiplegia. Nell'esperimento 4, usando un compito di bisezione del corpo abbiamo osservato che pazienti emiparetici mostrano una distorsione prossimale nella rappresentazione metrica dell'arto interessato. Abbiamo, inoltre, scoperto che la bisezione si sposta verso il punto medio reale dopo una sessione di trattamento con MB, rispetto a un trattamento di controllo senza specchio. Nell'esperimento 5 abbiamo trovato una modulazione simile della metrica corporea che, in un gruppo di pazienti affetti da aprassia ideomotoria trattati con una versione modificata della MB, era accompagnata da un miglioramento della programmazione dei piani motori.
Negli esperimenti 6 e 7 ci siamo concentrati maggiormente sulla relazione tra metrica del corpo e rappresentazione dello spazio. In primo luogo, abbiamo testato l'ipotesi che una rappresentazione del corpo alterata influenzasse la percezione delle proprie attività motorie immaginate. I risultati hanno mostrato che i partecipanti immaginavano di camminare più velocemente dopo essere stati esposti a una FBI con gambe più lunghe. Inoltre, abbiamo scoperto che l'incorporazione illusoria di gambe più lunghe può influenzare la stima delle distanze allocentriche nello spazio extra-personale. L'incorporazione di gambe più lunghe, da un lato, ha, infatti, ridotto la distanza percepita in metri, dall'altro, ha prodotto un aumento del numero di passi che i partecipanti immaginavano di dover percorrere tra gli stessi punti di riferimento.
In conclusione, abbiamo confermato che è possibile manipolare la rappresentazione metrica del corpo, mediante illusioni corporee e che ciò influenza la nostra capacità di stimare le distanze nel mondo esterno sia in termini di raggiungibilità che di stima allocentrica della distanza.
Tale plasticità della rappresentazione corporea e dell'interazione spazio-corpo fornisce importanti indizi per la comprensione della rappresentazione corporea e della sua riabilitazione nei pazienti neurologici.<br>A large variety of sensory input from the world and the body, are continuously integrated in the brain in order to create supra-modal and coherent mental representations of our own body.
Plasticity is a fundamental characteristic of the nervous systems, allowing constant adaptive changes in mental functions and behaviour. Thanks to this, even body representations can change according to experience and, crucially, they can be temporarily altered by means of experimental protocols.
In the present work, we were interested in assessing the plasticity of the subjective metric of the body, and the effect of temporary changes in it on the processing of corporeal and spatial information. To this aim, two types of bodily illusion were used, i.e. the Mirror Box Illusion (MB) and the Full-Body Illusion (FBI), due to their known effects inducing strong modulations of body representation. The core mechanism accounting for the efficacy of these experimental procedures is likely to be the process of embodiment of an alien body part.
In experiment 1 we used a visuotactile FBI-like paradigm to assess the feasibility and the replicability of the FBI for bodies of different sizes. Using this paradigm, we confirmed that it is possible to induce and replicate in the same participant, the embodiment towards mannequins of standard or bigger sizes. In experiment 2 and 3 we investigated body metric representation of the leg, and whether it can be plastically modulated by embodying mannequins of different sizes. To address this issue, we measured the effect of FBI induced by different body sizes, over a Body Distance Task (BDT), i.e. the assessment of the perceived distance between two touches applied to the participant’s leg. We found that the subjective experience of embodiment is also accompanied by a change in the perception of body metric that goes hand-in-hand with the current size of the embodied legs.
Since we confirmed that, in healthy subjects, the metric representation of the body can be modulated, we addressed a similar question in patients with hemiplegia. In experiment 4, using a body bisection task we first observed that hemiparetic post-stroke patients show a proximal bias in the metric representation of their affected upper limb. Critically, we found that this bias shifts distally, towards the objective midpoint after a MB training session, compared to a control training without the mirror. In Experiment 5 we found a similar modulation of subjective body metric in a group of patients suffering from Ideomotor Apraxia, treated with a modified version of the MB setup, which was accompanied by an improvement in the programming of motor plans.
In experiments 6 and 7 we focused more on the relationship between body metric and space representations. First, we tested the hypothesis that an altered body representation could modify the way in which individuals estimate their body affordances during a Motor Imagery Task. Our results showed that participants imagined walking faster after having been exposed to an illusion of longer legs. Furthermore, we found that the illusory embodiment of longer legs can affect the estimation of allocentric distances in extra-personal space. The embodiment of longer legs, on the one hand, reduced the perceived distance in meters, on the other hand, produced an enhancement of the number of steps that participants imagined they would have needed to walk between the same landmarks.
In conclusion, we confirmed that it is possible to induce provisional modifications of the metric representation of the body, by means of body illusions. We showed that body representation is malleable to the point to shape our ability to estimate distances in the external world both in terms of reachability and allocentric distance estimation.
Such plasticity of body representation and body-space interaction gives important clues for the understanding of body representation and its rehabilitation in neurological patients.
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Brundin, Malin. "The rubber hand illusion effectiveness on body ownership induced by self-produced movements : A Meta-Analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18591.
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Body ownership can be studied via the rubber hand illusion (RHI), in which an artificial limb can be perceived as belonging to oneself. In the so-called moving RHI paradigm, both body ownership and sense of agency, induced by self-produced movements, can be investigated. The key question of this approach is whether movements generated by oneself increase the illusion of body ownership. Thus far, the results from moving RHI studies are inconsistent.This has led to uncertainty regarding the influences of the motor control mechanism on body ownership. Therefore, this study will present the first meta-analysis on moving RHI to estimate the illusory effectiveness induced by self-produced movements. A total of 23 experimental comparisons with 821 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the overall illusory effect induced by self-produced movements was superior toits control (e.g., asynchronous active movements) (Hedge’s g = 1.38, p < 0.001). However, due to dissimilarity in results between the studies, the sample size in the meta-analysis may not represent the general population. The subgroup analysis showed that studies using physical hands, such as wooden hands, yielded the largest effect compared to studies using a virtual projected hand or a video recorded image of the participant’s own hands. It can be speculated whether a three-dimensional hand with “realness” has an illusory advantage compared to hands presented in virtual or video image settings. Future studies need to apply aunified framework, particularly in experimental setups and measurements. This would obtain consistent results of the strength of the illusion within the moving RHI paradigm.
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White, R. C. "When I touch my hand it touches me back : an investigation of the illusion of self-touch." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0875564-2d81-4306-84f9-894213554046.
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Following stroke, a patient may fail to report touch administered by another person but claim that s/he feels touch when it is self-administered. In Part One, the self-touch rubber hand paradigm was used to investigate different explanations for this phenomenon, termed self-touch enhancement. The most important finding was that patients reported touch based on feeling rather than by using proprioceptive information. Some patients have residual sensation that could be targeted in sensory rehabilitation. Part Two is a systematic investigation of the illusion of self-touch conducted with neurologically healthy participants. Participants used the right hand to administer touch to a prosthetic hand while the left (receptive) hand, positioned 15 cm from the prosthetic hand, received Examiner-administered touch. Proprioceptively perceived position of the administering and receptive hand was measured. Most participants experienced the single event of self-touch at the location of the receptive hand. Previous investigations have relied on measurement of only one hand and have concluded that participants experience self-touch at the location of the prosthetic hand. Our findings have implications for the role of ownership in this illusion. There is also a series of experiments in Part Two which test four potential constraints on the illusion of self-touch – violated expectations about the object that is administering touch, increased distance between the hands, alignment mismatch, and anatomical implausibility. For example, one study uses a novel paradigm to demonstrate that, although the subjective intensity of the illusion of self-touch is diminished by anatomical implausibility, most participants report the impossible experience of touching their left elbow with their own left index finger. Taken together, these experiments highlight the malleability of body representation, and provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the illusion of self-touch.
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Shahriari, Sheyda. "Electroencephalography (EEG) profile and sense of body ownership : a study of signal processing, proprioception and tactile illusion." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16299.
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With the ability to feel through artificial limbs, users regain more function and increasingly see the prosthetics as parts of their own bodies. So, main focus of this project was dedicated to recuperating sensation by deception both in sighted and unsighted patients, started with illusionary experiments on healthy volunteers, brain signals were captured with medical EEG headsets during these tests to have a better understanding of how the brain works during body ownership illusions. EEG results suggest that gender difference exists in the perception of body transfer illusion. Visual input can be induced to trick the brain. Using the results, a new device has been designed (sound generator system-SGS) with the principal goal to find ways to include rich sensory feedback in prosthetic devices that would aid their incorporation of the user's body representation or schema. Studying the brain is fascinating; SGS tested and was found to have an adequate level of dexterity over course of one-month multiple times. After each try, the results were more tolerable than before that proved the idea that brain can learn and understand anything and can be manipulated temporary or lasting due to influences. Different methods used to validate the results, EEG acquisition, mapping subject brain function with EEG and finally interviewing participant after each attempt. Although the results of the illusion shows that when heat applies on rubber hand, subjects behave in similar manner as if their real hand was effected, but main question is still remains. How can the conditioning apply to daily life of amputees so that illusion become permanent? This is a rapidly developing field with advancements in technology and greater interdisciplinary integration of medicine, mechatronics and control engineering with the future looking to have permanent, low power consumption, highly functional devices with a greater intuitive almost natural feel using a variety of body signals including EMG, ultrasound, and Electrocorticography.
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Altini, Enrico. "Tactile perception - Perception of tactile distance changes with body site: a neural network modelling study." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3481/.
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La distorsione della percezione della distanza tra due stimoli puntuali applicati sulla superfice della pelle di diverse regioni corporee è conosciuta come Illusione di Weber. Questa illusione è stata osservata, e verificata, in molti esperimenti in cui ai soggetti era chiesto di giudicare la distanza tra due stimoli applicati sulla superficie della pelle di differenti parti corporee. Da tali esperimenti si è dedotto che una stessa distanza tra gli stimoli è giudicata differentemente per diverse regioni corporee.
Il concetto secondo cui la distanza sulla pelle è spesso percepita in maniera alterata è ampiamente condiviso, ma i meccanismi neurali che manovrano questa illusione sono, allo stesso tempo, ancora ampiamente sconosciuti. In particolare, non è ancora chiaro come sia interpretata la distanza tra due stimoli puntuali simultanei, e quali aree celebrali siano coinvolte in questa elaborazione.
L’illusione di Weber può essere spiegata, in parte, considerando la differenza in termini di densità meccano-recettoriale delle differenti regioni corporee, e l’immagine distorta del nostro corpo che risiede nella Corteccia Primaria Somato-Sensoriale (homunculus). Tuttavia, questi meccanismi sembrano non sufficienti a spiegare il fenomeno osservato: infatti, secondo i risultati derivanti da 100 anni di sperimentazioni, le distorsioni effettive nel giudizio delle distanze sono molto più piccole rispetto alle distorsioni che la Corteccia Primaria suggerisce. In altre parole, l’illusione osservata negli esperimenti tattili è molto più piccola rispetto all’effetto prodotto dalla differente densità recettoriale che affligge le diverse parti del corpo, o dall’estensione corticale. Ciò, ha portato a ipotizzare che la percezione della distanza tattile richieda la presenza di un’ulteriore area celebrale, e di ulteriori meccanismi che operino allo scopo di ridimensionare – almeno parzialmente – le informazioni derivanti dalla corteccia primaria, in modo da mantenere una certa costanza nella percezione della distanza tattile lungo la superfice corporea. E’ stata così proposta la presenza di una sorta di “processo di ridimensionamento”, chiamato “Rescaling Process” che opera per ridurre questa illusione verso una percezione più verosimile.
Il verificarsi di questo processo è sostenuto da molti ricercatori in ambito neuro scientifico; in particolare, dal Dr. Matthew Longo, neuro scienziato del Department of Psychological Sciences (Birkbeck University of London), le cui ricerche sulla percezione della distanza tattile e sulla rappresentazione corporea sembrano confermare questa ipotesi. Tuttavia, i meccanismi neurali, e i circuiti che stanno alla base di questo potenziale “Rescaling Process” sono ancora ampiamente sconosciuti.
Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di chiarire la possibile organizzazione della rete, e i meccanismi neurali che scatenano l’illusione di Weber e il “Rescaling Process”, usando un modello di rete neurale. La maggior parte del lavoro è stata svolta nel Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche della Birkbeck University of London, sotto la supervisione del Dott. M. Longo, il quale ha contribuito principalmente all’interpretazione dei risultati del modello, dando suggerimenti sull’elaborazione dei risultati in modo da ottenere un’informazione più chiara; inoltre egli ha fornito utili direttive per la validazione dei risultati durante l’implementazione di test statistici.
Per replicare l’illusione di Weber ed il “Rescaling Proess”, la rete neurale è stata organizzata con due strati principali di neuroni corrispondenti a due differenti aree funzionali corticali:
• Primo strato di neuroni (il quale dà il via ad una prima elaborazione degli stimoli esterni): questo strato può essere pensato come parte della Corteccia Primaria Somato-Sensoriale affetta da Magnificazione Corticale (homunculus).
• Secondo strato di neuroni (successiva elaborazione delle informazioni provenienti dal primo strato): questo strato può rappresentare un’Area Corticale più elevata coinvolta nell’implementazione del “Rescaling Process”.
Le reti neurali sono state costruite includendo connessioni sinaptiche all’interno di ogni strato (Sinapsi Laterali), e connessioni sinaptiche tra i due strati neurali (Sinapsi Feed-Forward), assumendo inoltre che l’attività di ogni neurone dipenda dal suo input attraverso una relazione sigmoidale statica, cosi come da una dinamica del primo ordine. In particolare, usando la struttura appena descritta, sono state implementate due differenti reti neurali, per due differenti regioni corporee (per esempio, Mano e Braccio), caratterizzate da differente risoluzione tattile e differente Magnificazione Corticale, in modo da replicare l’Illusione di Weber ed il “Rescaling Process”.
Questi modelli possono aiutare a comprendere il meccanismo dell’illusione di Weber e dare così una possibile spiegazione al “Rescaling Process”. Inoltre, le reti neurali implementate forniscono un valido contributo per la comprensione della strategia adottata dal cervello nell’interpretazione della distanza sulla superficie della pelle. Oltre allo scopo di comprensione, tali modelli potrebbero essere impiegati altresì per formulare predizioni che potranno poi essere verificate in seguito, in vivo, su soggetti reali attraverso esperimenti di percezione tattile.
E’ importante sottolineare che i modelli implementati sono da considerarsi prettamente come modelli funzionali e non intendono replicare dettagli fisiologici ed anatomici.
I principali risultati ottenuti tramite questi modelli sono la riproduzione del fenomeno della “Weber’s Illusion” per due differenti regioni corporee, Mano e Braccio, come riportato nei tanti articoli riguardanti le illusioni tattili (per esempio “The perception of distance and location for dual tactile pressures” di Barry G. Green). L’illusione di Weber è stata registrata attraverso l’output delle reti neurali, e poi rappresentata graficamente, cercando di spiegare le ragioni di tali risultati.
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Poma, Sofia. "Modelli di analisi per l'integrazione multisensoriale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12254/.
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La percezione unitaria della realtà è il risultato di un complesso processo d’integrazione delle informazioni provenienti dai differenti canali sensoriali. La capacità del sistema nervoso centrale di utilizzare sinergicamente queste molteplici sorgenti sensoriali è definita Integrazione Multisensoriale (Stein & Meredith, 1993).
A causa della sua importanza sul comportamento, lo studio dei processi che la regolano è da tempo riconosciuto come un aspetto cruciale nell'ambito delle neuroscienze. Da questo punto di vista, un importante contributo può venire dallo confronto tra soggetti sani e soggetti con deficit cerebrali, al fine di chiarire quali aree cerebrali sono coinvolte, e per poter quindi far luce sui meccanismi neurali sottostanti. Un metodo utile di indagine sui fenomeni di interazione multisensoriale sfrutta le illusioni sensoriali, ovvero quelle situazioni in cui due stimoli di natura sensoriale differente vengono presentati più o meno in contemporanea, creando una falsa interpretazione dell'oggetto o dell'evento da cui provengono tali stimoli. Il presente lavoro esamina due forme di integrazione. La sound-induced flash illusion analizza l'integrazione audio-visiva (Shams et al., 2002): quando un singolo flash è accompagnato da molteplici segnali acustici (beep), il singolo flash è percepito come multiplo. L'aspetto interessante di questa illusione è che è stata riscontrata anche in soggetti patologici affetti da autismo (van der Smagt et al., 2007). Un secondo interessante fenomeno è quello delle body ownership illusions (BOIs), utili per indagare patologie quali la somatoparafrenia, in quanto i soggetti percepiscono oggetti non corporei come appartenenti al proprio corpo. I risultati raccolti hanno permesso la formulazione di alcuni modelli computazionali che possono essere testati con i dati esistenti. Il presente elaborato fa una panoramica sui modelli bayesiani, l'elettroencefalografia e, infine, le reti neurali, illustrando i risultati raggiunti.
Books on the topic "Body illusion"
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Almeida, David. Illusion of the body: Introducing the body alive principle. Mystic River Publsihing, 2012.
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Bartholomew. "I come as a brother": A remembrance of illusions. High Mesa Press, 1986.
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Lavallée, Guy. L' enveloppe visuelle du moi: Perception et hallucinatoire. Dunod, 1999.
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Sexual images of the self: The psychology of erotic sensations and illusions. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1989.
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Sandler, Corey. Ultimate Sega Game Strategies, for the Master and Genesis Systems. Bantam Books, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Body illusion"
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Dobelli, Rolf. "The Swimmer's Body Illusion." In Klar denken, klug handeln. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446445147.002.
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Vega, Facundo. "On Populist Illusion." In Materialism and Politics. ICI Berlin Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-20_18.
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Amplifying the distinction between ‘politics’ and ‘the political’, Ernesto Laclau crowns his examination of the blind spots of the Marxist tradition with an encomium of populism. His project to re-centre ‘the political’ does not postulate a beginning marked by a great event. Instead, Laclau celebrates ontological foundation as the abyss of all politicity. This chapter critically assesses how Laclau invests the body of the populist leader with an extra-quotidian character. I will also show how the assumption that the body of the leader animates political beginnings and primordially channels them restrains Laclau’s previous ‘deepening of the materialist project’.
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Meijsing, Monica. "Cartesian People 2: The Body an Illusion." In Studies in Brain and Mind. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09524-5_5.
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Hasegawa, Hikaru, Shogo Okamoto, Nader Rajaei, et al. "Body-Ownership Illusion by Gazing at a Blurred Fake Hand Image." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3194-7_3.
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Lee, Jaedong, Youngsun Kim, and Gerard J. Kim. "Applying “Out of Body” Vibrotactile Illusion to Two-Finger Interaction for Perception of Object Dynamics." In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22723-8_49.
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Dobelli, Rolf. "The Swimmer's Body Illusion: Ist Harvard eine gute oder schlechte Universität? Wir wissen es nicht." In Die Kunst des Klaren Denkens. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446430402.002.
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Ferreira, Daniela Abrantes. "Structured Abstract: Instagram Influencers and the Illusion of a Perfect Body—An Analysis Based on Bourdieu’s Theoretical Contribution." In Creating Marketing Magic and Innovative Future Marketing Trends. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45596-9_211.
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Politakis, Charalampos. "Fashionable illusions." In Architectural Colossi and the Human Body. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315512938-3.
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Jarvis, Liam. "Body-Swapping: Self-Attribution and Body Transfer Illusions (BTIs)." In Immersive Embodiment. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27971-4_4.
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Vacariu, Gabriel. "Principles Concerning the Brain/Body and the Corresponding I (the Self/Mind)." In Illusions of Human Thinking. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10444-3_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Body illusion"
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Javorsky, Tomas, Filip Skola, Stella Sylaiou, Joao Martins, and Fotis Liarokapis. "Investigating Body Transfer Illusion from Human to Monkey Body." In 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/is.2018.8710499.
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Jun, Joohee, Myeongul Jung, So-Yeon Kim, and Kwanguk (Kenny) Kim. "Full-Body Ownership Illusion Can Change Our Emotion." In CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174175.
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Kondo, Ryota, Maki Sugimoto, Masahiko Inami, and Michiteru Kitazaki. "Scrambled Body: A Method to Compare Full Body Illusion and Illusory Body Ownership of Body Parts." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798346.
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Lugrin, Jean-Luc, Johanna Latt, and Marc Erich Latoschik. "Avatar anthropomorphism and illusion of body ownership in VR." In 2015 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2015.7223379.
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Wolbarsht, Myron L., and Gregory R. Lockhead. "The Reality of the Moon Illusion." In Light and Color in the Open Air. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.fb1.
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Andreasen, Anastassia, Niels Christian Nilsson, and Stefania Serafin. "Agency Enhances Body Ownership Illusion of Being a Virtual Bat." In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2018.8446448.
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Kondo, Ryota. "The Onset Time of the Dynamic and Static Invisible Body Illusion." In 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vrw52623.2021.00194.
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Lugrin, Jean-Luc, David Obremski, Daniel Roth, and Marc Erich Latoschik. "Audio feedback and illusion of virtual body ownership in mixed reality." In VRST '16: 22th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2993369.2996319.
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Krekhov, Andrey, Sebastian Cmentowski, and Jens Kruger. "The Illusion of Animal Body Ownership and Its Potential for Virtual Reality Games." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2019.8848005.
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Roth, Daniel, Jean-Luc Lugrin, Marc Erich Latoschik, and Stephan Huber. "Alpha IVBO - Construction of a Scale to Measure the Illusion of Virtual Body Ownership." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053272.
Full textReports on the topic "Body illusion"
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Ridgway, Jesica L., and MyungHee Sohn. Optical illusion textile prints: A case study of body shape. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-857.
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Ridgway, Jessica L., and Jean L. Parsons. “There is magic in the principles of ‘optical illusion’”: An historical analysis of advice to women on dressing for their body shape. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1117.
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