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1
Porumbel, Ionut. "Large Eddy Simulation of premixed and partially premixed combustion." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14050.
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Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of bluff body stabilized premixed and partially premixed combustion close to the flammability limit is carried out in this thesis. The LES algorithm has no ad-hoc adjustable model parameters and is able to respond automatically to variations in the inflow conditions.
Algorithm validation is achieved by comparison with reactive and non-reactive experimental data.
In the reactive flow, two scalar closure models, Eddy Break-Up (EBULES) and Linear Eddy Mixing (LEMLES), are used and compared. Over important regions, the flame lies in the Broken Reaction Zone regime. Here, the EBU model assumptions fail. The flame thickness predicted by LEMLES is smaller and the flame is faster to respond to turbulent fluctuations, resulting in a more significant wrinkling of the flame surface. As a result, LEMLES captures better the subtle effects of the flame-turbulence interaction.
Three premixed (equivalence ratio = 0.6, 0.65, and 0.75) cases are simulated. For the leaner case, the flame temperature is lower, the heat release is reduced and vorticity is stronger. As a result, the flame in this case is found to be unstable. In the rich case, the flame temperature is higher, and the spreading rate of the wake is increased due to the higher amount of heat release
Partially premixed combustion is simulated for cases where the transverse profile of the inflow equivalence ratio is variable. The simulations show that for mixtures leaner in the core the vortical pattern tends towards anti-symmetry and the heat release decreases, resulting also in instability of the flame. For mixtures richer in the core, the flame displays sinusoidal flapping resulting in larger wake spreading.
More accurate predictions of flame stability will require the use of detailed chemistry, raising the computational cost of the simulation. To address this issue, a novel algorithm for training Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for prediction of the chemical source terms has been implemented and tested. Compared to earlier methods, the main advantages of the ANN method are in CPU time and disk space and memory reduction.
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Obando, Vallejos Benjamín Alonso. "Mathematical models for the study of granular fluids." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168158.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Modelación Matemática en cotutela con la Université de LorraineThis Ph.D. thesis aims to obtain and to develop some mathematical models to understand some aspects of the dynamics of heterogeneous granular fluids. More precisely, the expected result is to develop three models, one where the dynamics of the granular material is modeled using a mixture theory approach, and the other two, where we consider the granular fluid is modeled using a multiphase approach involving rigid structures and fluids. More precisely: In the first model, we obtained a set of equations based on the mixture theory using homogenization tools and a thermodynamic procedure. These equations reflect two essential properties of granular fluids: the viscous nature of the intersticial fluid and a Coulomb-type of behavior of the granular component. With our equations, we study the problem of a dense granular heterogeneous flow, composed by a Newtonian fluid and a solid component in the setting of the Couette flow between two infinite cylinders. In the second model, we consider the motion of a rigid body in a viscoplastic material. The 3D Bingham equations model this material, and the Newton laws govern the displacement of the rigid body. Our main result is the existence of a weak solution for the corresponding system. The weak formulation is an inequality (due to the plasticity of the fluid), and it involves a free boundary (due to the motion of the rigid body). The proof is achieved using an approximated problem and passing it to the limit. The approximated problems consider the regularization of the convex terms in the Bingham fluid and by using a penalty method to take into account the presence of the rigid body. In the third model, we consider the motion of a perfect heat conductor rigid body in a heat conducting Newtonian fluid. The 3D Fourier-Navier-Stokes equations model the fluid, and the Newton laws and the balance of internal energy model the rigid body. Our main result is the existence of a weak solution for the corresponding system. The weak formulation is composed by the balance of momentum and the balance of total energy equation which includes the pressure of the fluid, and it involves a free boundary (due to the motion of the rigid body). To obtain an integrable pressure, we consider a Navier slip boundary condition for the outer boundary and the mutual interface. As in the second problem, the proof is achieved using an approximated problem and passing it to the limit. The approximated problems consider a regularization of the convective term and a penalty method to take into account the presence of the rigid body.
CONICYT PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2014 - 2114090 y por CMM - Conicyt PIA AFB170001
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Obando, Vallejos Benjamin. "Mathematical models for the study of granular fluids." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0274/document.
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Cette thèse vise à obtenir et à développer des modèles mathématiques pour comprendre certains aspects de la dynamique des fluides granulaires hétérogènes. Plus précisément, le résultat attendu consiste à développer trois modèles. Nous supposons dans un premier temps que la dynamique du matériau granulaire est modélisée à l’aide d’une approche fondée sur la théorie du mélange. D’autre part, pour les deux modèles restant, nous considérons que le fluide granulaire est modélisé à l’aide d’une approche multiphase associant des structures et des fluides rigides. Plus exactement : • Dans le premier modèle, nous avons obtenu un ensemble d’équations basées sur la théorie du mélange en utilisant des outils d’homogénéisation et une procédure thermodynamique. Ces équations reflètent deux propriétés essentielles des fluides granulaires : la nature visqueuse du fluide interstitiel et un comportement de type Coulomb de la composante granulaire. Avec nos équations, nous étudions le problème de Couette entre deux cylindres infinis d’un écoulement hétérogène granulaire dense, composé d’un fluide newtonien et d’une composante solide. • Dans le deuxième modèle, nous considérons le mouvement d’un corps rigide dans un matériau viscoplastique. Les équations 3D de Bingham modélisent ce matériau et les lois de Newton régissent le déplacement du corps rigide. Notre résultat principal est d’établir l’existence d’une solution faible pour le système correspondant. • Dans le troisième modèle, nous considérons le mouvement d’un corps rigide conducteur thermique parfait dans un fluide newtonien conducteur de la chaleur. Les équations 3D de Fourier-Navier-Stokes modélisent le fluide, tandis que les lois de Newton et l’équilibre de l’énergie interne modélisent le déplacement du corps rigide. Notre principal objectif dans cette partie est de prouver l’existence d’une solution faible pour le système correspondant. La formulation faible est composée de l’équilibre entre la quantité du mouvement et l’équation de l’énergie totale, qui inclut la pression du fluide, et implique une limite libre due au mouvement du corps rigide. Pour obtenir une pression intégrable, nous considérons une condition au limite de glissement de Navier pour la limite extérieure et l’interface mutuelleThis Ph.D. thesis aims to obtain and to develop some mathematical models to understand some aspects of the dynamics of heterogeneous granular fluids. More precisely, the expected result is to develop three models, one where the dynamics of the granular material is modeled using a mixture theory approach, and the other two, where we consider the granular fluid is modeled using a multiphase approach involving rigid structures and fluids. More precisely : • In the first model, we obtained a set of equations based on the mixture theory using homogenization tools and a thermodynamic procedure. These equations reflect two essential properties of granular fluids : the viscous nature of the interstitial fluid and a Coulomb-type of behavior of the granular component. With our equations, we study the problem of a dense granular heterogeneous flow, composed by a Newtonian fluid and a solid component in the setting of the Couette flow between two infinite cylinders. • In the second model, we consider the motion of a rigid body in a viscoplastic material. The 3D Bingham equations model this material, and the Newton laws govern the displacement of the rigid body. Our main result is the existence of a weak solution for the corresponding system. • In the third model, we consider the motion of a perfect heat conductor rigid body in a heat conducting Newtonian fluid. The 3D Fourier-Navier-Stokes equations model the fluid, and the Newton laws and the balance of internal energy model the rigid body. Our main result is the existence of a weak solution for the corresponding system. The weak formulation is composed by the balance of momentum and the balance of total energy equation which includes the pressure of the fluid, and it involves a free boundary (due to the motion of the rigid body). To obtain an integrable pressure, we consider a Navier slip boundary condition for the outer boundary and the mutual interface
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Obando, Vallejos Benjamin. "Mathematical models for the study of granular fluids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0274.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse vise à obtenir et à développer des modèles mathématiques pour comprendre certains aspects de la dynamique des fluides granulaires hétérogènes. Plus précisément, le résultat attendu consiste à développer trois modèles. Nous supposons dans un premier temps que la dynamique du matériau granulaire est modélisée à l’aide d’une approche fondée sur la théorie du mélange. D’autre part, pour les deux modèles restant, nous considérons que le fluide granulaire est modélisé à l’aide d’une approche multiphase associant des structures et des fluides rigides. Plus exactement : • Dans le premier modèle, nous avons obtenu un ensemble d’équations basées sur la théorie du mélange en utilisant des outils d’homogénéisation et une procédure thermodynamique. Ces équations reflètent deux propriétés essentielles des fluides granulaires : la nature visqueuse du fluide interstitiel et un comportement de type Coulomb de la composante granulaire. Avec nos équations, nous étudions le problème de Couette entre deux cylindres infinis d’un écoulement hétérogène granulaire dense, composé d’un fluide newtonien et d’une composante solide. • Dans le deuxième modèle, nous considérons le mouvement d’un corps rigide dans un matériau viscoplastique. Les équations 3D de Bingham modélisent ce matériau et les lois de Newton régissent le déplacement du corps rigide. Notre résultat principal est d’établir l’existence d’une solution faible pour le système correspondant. • Dans le troisième modèle, nous considérons le mouvement d’un corps rigide conducteur thermique parfait dans un fluide newtonien conducteur de la chaleur. Les équations 3D de Fourier-Navier-Stokes modélisent le fluide, tandis que les lois de Newton et l’équilibre de l’énergie interne modélisent le déplacement du corps rigide. Notre principal objectif dans cette partie est de prouver l’existence d’une solution faible pour le système correspondant. La formulation faible est composée de l’équilibre entre la quantité du mouvement et l’équation de l’énergie totale, qui inclut la pression du fluide, et implique une limite libre due au mouvement du corps rigide. Pour obtenir une pression intégrable, nous considérons une condition au limite de glissement de Navier pour la limite extérieure et l’interface mutuelleThis Ph.D. thesis aims to obtain and to develop some mathematical models to understand some aspects of the dynamics of heterogeneous granular fluids. More precisely, the expected result is to develop three models, one where the dynamics of the granular material is modeled using a mixture theory approach, and the other two, where we consider the granular fluid is modeled using a multiphase approach involving rigid structures and fluids. More precisely : • In the first model, we obtained a set of equations based on the mixture theory using homogenization tools and a thermodynamic procedure. These equations reflect two essential properties of granular fluids : the viscous nature of the interstitial fluid and a Coulomb-type of behavior of the granular component. With our equations, we study the problem of a dense granular heterogeneous flow, composed by a Newtonian fluid and a solid component in the setting of the Couette flow between two infinite cylinders. • In the second model, we consider the motion of a rigid body in a viscoplastic material. The 3D Bingham equations model this material, and the Newton laws govern the displacement of the rigid body. Our main result is the existence of a weak solution for the corresponding system. • In the third model, we consider the motion of a perfect heat conductor rigid body in a heat conducting Newtonian fluid. The 3D Fourier-Navier-Stokes equations model the fluid, and the Newton laws and the balance of internal energy model the rigid body. Our main result is the existence of a weak solution for the corresponding system. The weak formulation is composed by the balance of momentum and the balance of total energy equation which includes the pressure of the fluid, and it involves a free boundary (due to the motion of the rigid body). To obtain an integrable pressure, we consider a Navier slip boundary condition for the outer boundary and the mutual interface
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Lai, Wing-chiu Derek, and 黎永釗. "The propagation of nonlinear waves in layered and stratified fluids." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29750441.
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Zhang, Dongxiao. "Conditional stochastic analysis of solute transport in heterogeneous geologic media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186553.
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This dissertation develops an analytical-numerical approach to deterministically predict the space-time evolution of concentrations in heterogeneous geologic media conditioned on measurements of hydraulic conductivities (transmissivities) and/or hydraulic heads. Based on the new conditional Eulerian-Lagrangian transport theory by Neuman, we solve the conditional transport problem analytically at early time, and express it in pseudo-Fickian form at late time. The stochastically derived deterministic pseudo-Fickian mean concentration equation involves a conditional, space-time dependent dispersion tensor. The latter not only depends on properties of the medium and the velocity but also on the available information, and can be evaluated numerically along mean "particle" trajectories. The transport equation lends itself to accurate solution by standard Galerkin finite elements on a relatively coarse grid. This approach allows computing without using Monte Carlo simulation and explicitly the following: Concentration variance/covariance (uncertainty), origin of detected contaminant and associated uncertainty, mass flow rate across a "compliance surface", cumulative mass release and travel time probability distribution across this surface, uncertainty associated with the latter, second spatial moment of conditional mean plume about its center of mass, conditional mean second spatial moment of actual plume about its center of mass, conditional co-variance of plume center of mass, and effect of non-Gaussian velocity distribution. This approach can also account for uncertainty in initial mass and/or concentration when predicting the future evolution of a plume, whereas almost all existing stochastic models of solute transport assume the initial state to be known with certainty. We illustrate this approach by considering deterministic and uncertain instantaneous point and nonpoint sources in a two-dimensional domain with a mildly fluctuating, statistically homogeneous, lognormal transmissivity field. We take the unconditional mean velocity to be uniform, but allow conditioning on log transmissivity and hydraulic head data. Conditioning renders the velocity field statistically nonhomogeneous with reduced variances and correlation scales, renders the predicted plume irregular and non-Gaussian, and generally reduces both predictive dispersion and uncertainty.
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Havard, Stephen Paul. "Numerical simulation of non-Newtonian fluid flow in mixing geometries." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1989. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/numerical-simulation-of-nonnewtonian-fluid-flow-in-mixing-geometries(eaee66ae-2e3d-44ba-9a5f-41d438749534).html.
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In this thesis, a theoretical investigation is undertaken into fluid and mixing flows generated by various geometries for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, on both sequential and parallel computer systems. The thesis begins by giving the necessary background to the mixing process and a summary of the fundamental characteristics of parallel architecture machines. This is followed by a literature review which covers accomplished work in mixing flows, numerical methods employed to simulate fluid mechanics problems and also a review of relevant parallel algorithms. Next, an overview is given of the numerical methods that have been reviewed, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. In the first section of the work the implementation of the primitive variable finite element method to solve a simple two dimensional fluid flow problem is studied. For the same geometry colour band mixing is also investigated. Further investigational work is undertaken into the flows generated by various rotors for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. An extended version of the primitive variable formulation is employed, colour band mixing is also carried out on two of these geometries. The latter work is carried out on a parallel architecture machine. The design specifications of a parallel algorithm for a MIMD system are discussed, with particular emphasis placed on frontal and multifrontal methods. This is followed by an explanation of the implementation of the proposed parallel algorithm, applied to the same fluid flow problems as considered earlier and a discussion of the efficiency of the system is given. Finally, a discussion of the conclusions of the entire accomplished work is presented. A number of suggestions for future work are also given. Three published papers relating to the work carried out on the transputer networks are included in the appendices.
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Fanelli, Francesco. "Mathematical analysis of models of non-homogeneous fluids and of hyperbolic equations with low regularity coefficients." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4420.
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The present thesis is devoted to the study both of strictly hyperbolic operators with low regularity coefficients and of the density-dependent incompressible Euler system. On the one hand, we show a priori estimates for a second order strictly hyperbolic operator whose highest order coefficients satisfy a log-Zygmund continuity condition in time and a log-Lipschitz continuity condition with respect to space. Such an estimate involves a time increasing loss of derivatives...
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Fanelli, Francesco. "Mathematical analysis of models of non-homogeneous fluids and of hyperbolic equations with low regularity coefficients." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794508.
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The present thesis is devoted both to the study of strictly hyperbolic operators with low regularity coefficients and of the density-dependent incompressible Euler system. On the one hand, we show a priori estimates for a second order strictly hyperbolic operator whose highest order coefficients satisfy a log-Zygmund continuity condition in time and a log-Lipschitz continuity condition with respect to space. Such an estimate involves a time increasing loss of derivatives. Nevertheless, this is enough to recover well-posedness for the associated Cauchy problem in the space $H^infty$ (for suitably smooth second order coefficients).In a first time, we consider acomplete operator in space dimension $1$, whose first order coefficients were assumed Hölder continuous and that of order $0$only bounded. Then, we deal with the general case of any space dimension, focusing on a homogeneous second order operator: the step to higher dimension requires a really different approach. On the other hand, we consider the density-dependent incompressible Euler system. We show its well-posedness in endpoint Besov spaces embedded in the class of globally Lipschitz functions, producing also lower bounds for the lifespan of the solution in terms of initial data only. This having been done, we prove persistence of geometric structures, such as striated and conormal regularity, for solutions to this system. In contrast with the classical case of constant density, even in dimension $2$ the vorticity is not transported by the velocity field. Hence, a priori one can expect to get only local in time results. For the same reason, we also have to dismiss the vortex patch structure. Littlewood-Paley theory and paradifferential calculus allow us to handle these two different problems .A new version of paradifferential calculus, depending on a parameter $ggeq1$, is also needed in dealing with hyperbolic operators with nonregular coefficients. The general framework is that of Besov spaces, which includes in particular Sobolev and Hölder sets. Intermediate classes of functions, of logaritmic type, come into play as well
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Zipp, Robert Philip. "Turbulent mixing of unpremixed reactants in stirred tanks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184832.
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The turbulent mixing process between two liquid streams in a standard tank stirred by a Rushton turbine has been studied. Experimental measurements of concentration and segregation (fluctuating concentration) have been made for both reacting and non-reacting flows. For the non-reacting case, one stream was marked with a fluorescent dye; the local concentration was measured using a fluorescence technique and a bifurcated fiber optic probe of custom design. Measurements were taken at two axial-radial planes within the tank. In the reacting case, the second-order reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid was studied, and urinine acted as a fluorescent indicator which became non-fluorescent as the reaction proceeded. Numerical studies of the mixing in the laboratory-scale vessel were made. FLUENT, a general-purpose fluid flow modelling program, was used to simulate the flow within the tank. This program uses a k-epsilon closure of the turbulent momentum equations. The program was modified to allow the inclusion of a segregation balance equation. Using this segregation balance technique, the turbulent species balance equations were solved. The results of these simulations agreed with the experimental measurements in all regions except the region near the entrance jets, where the model could not adequately predict the fluid behavior. This study has successfully predicted the behavior of reacting fluids in a bench-scale turbulently mixed stirred tank by the implementation of a segregation balance throughout the entire domain.
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Cox, Barry James. "Mathematical modelling of nano-scaled structures, devices and materials." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080129.102240/index.html.
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Chaganti, Vasanta Gayatri. "Wireless body area networks : accuracy of channel modelling and prediction." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150112.
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Ross, Michael Paul 1963. "Evaluation of a two-dimensional electromagnetic model for hyperthermia treatment planning." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276780.
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A series of hyperthermic, static, torso phantom experiments have been performed. The results are presented in comparison to a two-dimensional, theoretical, electromagnetic model. The 2-D model is assessed for potential use in clinical plannings and evaluations. Included in the assay of this model are comparisons of actual clinical patient data. Theoretically calculated electromagnetic fields and temperatures are obtained using a finite element numerical method (FEM) based on weighted residuals. Two experimental methods of extracting energy deposition data are discussed and utilized: (1) by measuring temperature differentials to calculate specific absorption rates (SAR), and (2) by measuring the square of the E-field directly which relates proportionally to the absorbed power. The employed regional heat source is an annular phased array (APA) operating at 70 MHz. The outcome of the assessment suggests that the results can be quantitative for simple heterogeneous phantom problems, but remain qualitative for clinical evaluative purposes.
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Common, David N. "Development of a system for the measurement of the static bulk modulus of fluids." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17579.
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Woudberg, Sonia. "Laminar flow through isotropic granular porous media." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1320.
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Chayantrakom, Kittisak. "Mathematical modelling of particle-fluid flows in microchannels." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1115.
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Flows of fluids and solid particles through microchannels have a very wide range of applications in biological and medical science and engineering. Understanding the mechanism of microflows will help to improve the development of the devices and systems in those applications. The aim of this study is to develop a sophisticated simulation and analysis technique for the study of fluid-particle flow through microchannels. This work involves construction of mathematical models, development of analytical methods and numerical algorithms, and numerical investigation and analysis.The study consists of three parts. The first part of the research focuses on the transient flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through a micro-annual with a slip boundary. The flow of the fluid is governed by the continuity equation and the Navier-Stokes equations, and is driven by the pressure field with a timevarying pressure gradient. By using the Fourier series expansion in time and Bessel functions in space, an exact solution is derived for the velocity field. The velocity solution is then used to obtain the exact solutions for the flow rate and the stress field. Based on the exact solutions, the influence of the slip parameter on the flow behaviour is then investigated.The second part of the research focuses on the particle-fluid flow in microchannels. The transport of fluid in the vessel is governed by the continuity equation and the transient Navier-Stokes equations, while the motion of the particles is governed by Newton’s laws. The particle-wall and particle-particle interactions are modelled by the interacting forces, while the particle-fluid interaction is described by the fluid drag force. A numerical scheme based on the finite element method and the Arbitary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is developed to simulate the motion of the particles and the fluid flow in the vessels. The influence of boundary slip on the velocity field in the fluid is also investigated numerically.Based on the work in the second part, the third part of the research focuses onthe control of the movement of particles in the fluid by applying an external magneticfield to the system. Maxwell’s equations are used to model the magnetic fieldgenerated by the external magnetic source, and a finite element based numericalscheme is developed to solve the underlying boundary value problem for the magneticflux density generated. From the computed flux density and magnetic vectorpotential, the magnetic forces acting on the particles are determined. These magneticforces together with the drag force and the particle-particle interacting forcesdominate the behaviour of the particle motion. A numerical scheme, similar to thatfor the second part of the research, is then developed to study the fluid-particle flowin microchannels under magnetic forces, followed by a numerical investigation onthe influence of the magnetic forces on the particle flow behaviour.
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Stott, J. O. "Resonances in two- and three-body nuclear systems." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843967/.
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Halo nuclei are formed when the last protons or neutrons are weakly bound to a tightly bound core. This allows the halo nucleons to tunnel far away from the core, resulting in a large r.m.s radius and therefore a large reaction cross section. Usually, halo nuclei possess only one bound state, the ground state, with all excited states being more or less unbound. When a nuclear potential is too weak to form a bound ground or excited state, the state can nevertheless be manifest physically as a positive energy resonance. Experimentally, low energy resonance like structures have been observed in the three-body continuum of certain halo nuclei eg. 6He → alpha + n + n. However, from a strict theoretical point of view, a resonance corresponds to a pole in the scattering amplitude at a complex energy. Halo nuclei have been successfully modelled as three-body systems in the hyper-spherical harmonic calculation scheme. Here the R-matrix method is used in solving the coupled hyperradial equations. It is critical that the long-range nature of the couplings in this system are incorporated correctly when evaluating the S-matrix. This is achieved through the use of coupled asymptotic solutions to the radial equation. These procedures have enabled a number of resonance-like S-matrix poles to be located for the 2+, 0+ and 1- spin-parity states in the low energy continuum of 6He.
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Wong, Heng Ho. "Modelling studies of the interaction between homogenisation, centrifugation and inclusion body dissolution /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw8718.pdf.
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Welch, Charles Robert. "A full-engulfment engineering model, and its experimental and numerical verification, for the response of a rigid body to ground-shock." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-063134/.
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Bianchi, Luigi Amedeo. "Dyadic models of turbulence on trees." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85691.
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Chayantrakom, Kittisak. "Mathematical modelling of particle-fluid flows in microchannels." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=129230.
Full textAbstract:
Flows of fluids and solid particles through microchannels have a very wide range of applications in biological and medical science and engineering. Understanding the mechanism of microflows will help to improve the development of the devices and systems in those applications. The aim of this study is to develop a sophisticated simulation and analysis technique for the study of fluid-particle flow through microchannels. This work involves construction of mathematical models, development of analytical methods and numerical algorithms, and numerical investigation and analysis.The study consists of three parts. The first part of the research focuses on the transient flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through a micro-annual with a slip boundary. The flow of the fluid is governed by the continuity equation and the Navier-Stokes equations, and is driven by the pressure field with a timevarying pressure gradient. By using the Fourier series expansion in time and Bessel functions in space, an exact solution is derived for the velocity field. The velocity solution is then used to obtain the exact solutions for the flow rate and the stress field. Based on the exact solutions, the influence of the slip parameter on the flow behaviour is then investigated.
The second part of the research focuses on the particle-fluid flow in microchannels. The transport of fluid in the vessel is governed by the continuity equation and the transient Navier-Stokes equations, while the motion of the particles is governed by Newton’s laws. The particle-wall and particle-particle interactions are modelled by the interacting forces, while the particle-fluid interaction is described by the fluid drag force. A numerical scheme based on the finite element method and the Arbitary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is developed to simulate the motion of the particles and the fluid flow in the vessels. The influence of boundary slip on the velocity field in the fluid is also investigated numerically.
Based on the work in the second part, the third part of the research focuses onthe control of the movement of particles in the fluid by applying an external magneticfield to the system. Maxwell’s equations are used to model the magnetic fieldgenerated by the external magnetic source, and a finite element based numericalscheme is developed to solve the underlying boundary value problem for the magneticflux density generated. From the computed flux density and magnetic vectorpotential, the magnetic forces acting on the particles are determined. These magneticforces together with the drag force and the particle-particle interacting forcesdominate the behaviour of the particle motion. A numerical scheme, similar to thatfor the second part of the research, is then developed to study the fluid-particle flowin microchannels under magnetic forces, followed by a numerical investigation onthe influence of the magnetic forces on the particle flow behaviour.
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Guertler, Siegfried. "Large scale computer-simulations of many-body Bose and Fermi systems at low temperature." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40887741.
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Van, Den Heever Emile. "Rheological model influence on pipe flow predictions for homogeneous non-Newtonian fluids." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1030.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degreerequirements Master of Technology: Civi Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Supervisor: APN. Sutherland
Co-supervisor: Prof. R. Haldenwang
Cape Town
October 2013The reliable prediction of pressure drop versus flow rate for non-Newtonian pipe flow is important in many industrial processes. In laminar flow scale up is straightforward, but transitional velocity and turbulent flow predictions remain a practical problem. Various theoretical models exist, but nothing in literature shows conclusively which of these is the most reliable and consistent, nor is it evident what effect the choice of rheological model has on the predictions. The aim of this work was to i) evaluate the influence of different rheological models when used in existing prediction techniques for non-Newtonian flow ii) characterise each material type using selected (commonly used) rheological models and iii) predict laminar, transitional and turbulent pipe flow characteristics for each material type using existing prediction techniques, for comparison with experimental results. Only time-independent, homogeneous, non-Newtonian fluids in pipe sizes from 13mm to 200mm were investigated. Rheological models and laminar flow predictions used only the power law, Bingham plastic, Herschel-Bulkley, Casson and Hallbom yield plastic models. The techniques used to predict transitional velocity were Ryan & Johnson, Metzner-Reed, Hedström intersection method, Slatter and Hallbom. For turbulent flow the Newtonian approximation, Dodge & Metzner, Wilson & Thomas, Slatter, Hallbom modified Wilson & Thomas and the Bowen correlation methods were used. The study documents the relevant theory and presents an assessment of the influence of rheology on pipe flow predictions, summarised in terms of the practical performance of the various rheological model/prediction method combinations for the different materials. In laminar flow at practical pseudo shear rates (8V/D; taken as 40s-1) the choice of rheological model does not significantly influence pressure drop predictions. For yield-pseudoplastic materials (eg. kaolin) the Hedström intersection and the Slatter Reynolds number method with Bingham plastic or Casson rheology predicted transitional velocity most accurately. For Bingham plastic materials (eg. bentonite) the best predictions were obtained using the Metzner & Reed Reynolds number with Bingham plastic rheology, although similar results were observed for this technique with all rheologies. The transitional velocity for pseudoplastic materials (eg. CMC) was best predicted by the Slatter and Metzner & Reed Reynolds number methods, using power law or Casson rheology. For turbulent flow of yield pseudoplastic materials the Slatter method using the Casson rheology gave the most accurate predictions overall. Turbulent flow of Bingham plastic materials was best predicted by the Slatter, Hallbom pseudo fluid Nikuradse and Dodge & Metzner methods, using Bingham plastic, Casson or yield plastic rheology. For pseudoplastic materials the Slatter and Wilson & Thomas methods were the most accurate, when used with yield plastic or power law rheology. Transitionalal velocity and turbulent flow predictions for materials with a yield stress vary significantly with rheological model. Laminar data should therefore be examined thoroughly and rheological models fitted with care. For pseudoplastic fluids there is little difference in predictions between the various techniques as long as power law rheology is used.
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RODRIGUES, JUNIOR ORLANDO. "Aplicacao de modelos metabolicos para a determinacao de funcoes de excrecao e retencao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10344.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Guo, Jiajie. "Effects of joint constraints on deformation of multi-body compliant mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45971.
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Motivated by the interests to understand bio-structure deformation and exploit their advantages to create bio-inspired systems for engineering applications, a curvature-based model for analyzing compliant mechanisms capable of large deformation in a three dimensional space has been developed. Unlike methods (such as finite element) that formulate problems based on displacements and/or rotational angles, superposition holds for curvatures in the case of finite rotation but not for rotational angles; thus the curvature-based formulation presents an advantage in presenting nonlinear geometries. Along with a generalized constraint that relaxes traditional boundary constraints (such as fixed, pinned or sliding constraint) on compliant mechanisms, the method of deriving the compliant members in the same global referenced frame is presented. The attractive features of the method, which greatly simplifies the models and improves the computation efficiency of multi-body system deformation where compliant beams play an important role, have been experimentally validated. To demonstrate the applicability of this proposed method to a broad spectrum of applications, three practical examples are given; the first example verifies the generalized constraint by analyzing the multi-axis rotation motion within a natural human knee joint and investigates the human-exoskeleton interactions through dynamic analysis. The second example studies a deformable bio-structure by incorporating the generalized joint constraint into the curvature-based model for automated poultry meat processing. The last example designs a bio-inspired robot with a compliant mechanism to serve as a flexonic mobile node for ferromagnetic structure health monitoring. The analytical models have been employed (with experimental validation) to investigate the effects of different joint constraints on the mechanism deformations. It is expected that the proposed method will find a broad range of applications involving compliant mechanisms.
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Terblanche, Luther. "The prediction of flow through two-dimensional porous media." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1722.
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Thesis (MScEng (Mathematical Sciences. Applied Mathematics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.When considering flow through porous media, different flow regimes may be identified. At very small Reynolds numbers the relation between the pressure gradient and the velocity of the fluid is linear. This flow regime ...
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Said, Munzir. "Computational optimal control modeling and smoothing for biomechanical systems." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0082.
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[Truncated abstract] The study of biomechanical system dynamics consists of research to obtain an accurate model of biomechanical systems and to find appropriate torques or forces that reproduce motions of a biomechanical subject. In the first part of this study, specific computational models are developed to maintain relative angle constraints for 2-dimensional segmented bodies. This is motivated by the fact that there is a possibility of models of segmented bodies, moving under gravitational acceleration and joint torques, for its segments to move past the natural relative angle limits. Three models to maintain angle constraints between segments are proposed and compared. These models are: all-time angle constraints, a restoring torque in the state equations and an exponential penalty model. The models are applied to a 2-D three segment body to test the behaviour of each model when optimizing torques to minimize an objective. The optimization is run to find torques so that the end effector of the body follows the trajectory of a half circle. The result shows the behavior of each model in maintaining the angle constraints. The all-time constraints case exhibits a behaviour of not allowing torques (at a solution) which make segments move past the constraints, while the other two show a flexibility in handling the angle constraints more similar to a real biomechanical system. With three computational methods to represent the angle contraint, a workable set of initial torques for the motion of a segmented body can be obtained without causing integration failure in the ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver and without the need to use the “blind man method” that restarts the optimal control many times. ... With one layer of penalty weight balancing between trajectory compliance penalty and other optimal control objectives (minimizing torque/smoothing torque) already difficult to obtain (as explained by the L-curve phenomena), adding the second layer penalty weight for the closeness of fit for each of the body segments will further complicate the weight balancing and too much trial and error computation may be needed to get a reasonably good set of weighting values. Second order regularization is also added to the optimal control objective and the optimization has managed to obtain smoother torques for all body joints. To make the current approach more competitive with the inverse dynamic, an algorithm to speed up the computation of the optimal control is required as a potential future work.
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Xufen, Wu. "Numerical modeling of modified Newtonian dynamics in galaxies : testing the external field effects." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1706.
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Galaxies are natural laboratories for testing fundamental physics on the nature of the dark matter. MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) has been tested for over 20 years on small and large scales. While there are several versions of how MOND extrapolates to the large scales, and these versions are not yet fully successful, the original Bekenstein-Milgrom version of MOND is fully predictive and works very well on galaxy scales. However, little work has been done to explore this theory beyond fitting the rotation curves and Tully-Fisher relation of isolated disc galaxies. So far little is known of MONDian elliptical galaxies accelerating in any galaxy cluster. A defining feature of MOND is that internal dynamics of the galaxy depends on the overall acceleration of the galaxy. The existence of cuspy triaxial equilibria for elliptical galaxies is the minimal requirement to MOND. With the PhD project here, I constructed and then further studied the evolution and stability of gravitationally bound systems resembling like cuspy elliptical galaxies, both in isolation and when embedded in a uniform external field. I also studied the escape speeds from spiral galaxies, in particular by comparing the potentials of the Milky Way Galaxy in the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) and MOND frameworks.
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VENTURINI, LUZIA. "Estudo de incertezas no monitoramento in vivo utilizando a tecnica de Monte Carlo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11188.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Eicholtz, Matthew R. "Design and analysis of an inertial properties measurement device for manual wheelchairs." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34677.
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The dynamics of rigid body motion are dependent on the inertial properties of the body - that is, the mass and moment of inertia. For complex systems, it may be necessary to derive these results empirically. Such is the case for manual wheelchairs, which can be modeled as a rigid body frame connected to four wheels. While 3D modeling software is capable of estimating inertial parameters, modeling inaccuracies and ill-defined material properties may introduce significant errors in this estimation technique and necessitate experimental measurements. To that end, this thesis discusses the design of a device called the iMachine that empirically determines the mass, location of the center of mass, and moment of inertia about the vertical (yaw) axis passing through the center of mass of the wheelchair.
The iMachine is a spring-loaded rotating platform that freely oscillates about an axis passing through its center due to an initial angular velocity. The mass and location of the center of mass can be determined using a static analysis of a triangular configuration of load cells. An optical encoder records the dynamic angular displacement of the platform, and the natural frequency of free vibration is calculated using several techniques. Finally, the moment of inertia is determined from the natural frequency of the system.
In this thesis, test results are presented for the calibration of the load cells and spring rate. In addition, objects with known mass properties were tested and comparisons are made between the analytical and empirical inertia results. In general, the mass measurement of the test object had greater than 99% accuracy. The average relative error for the x and y-coordinates of the center of mass was 0.891% and 1.99%, respectively. For the moment of inertia, a relationship was established between relative error and the ratio of the test object inertia to the inertia of the system. The results suggest that 95% accuracy can be achieved if the test object accounts for at least 25% of the total inertia of the system. Finally, the moment of inertia of a manual wheelchair is determined using the device (I = 1.213 kg-m²), and conclusions are made regarding the reliability and validity of results. The results of this project will feed into energy calculations for the Anatomical Model Propulsion System (AMPS), a wheelchair-propelling robot used to measure the mechanical efficiency of manual wheelchairs.
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Lavarda, Jairo Vinícius. "Convecção natural de fluidos de lei de potência e de Bingham em cavidade fechada preenchida com meio heterogêneo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1306.
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CAPESVários estudos numéricos investigaram cavidades fechadas sob o efeito da convecção natural preenchidas com fluidos newtonianos generalizados (FNG) nos últimos anos pelas aplicações diretas em trocadores de calor compactos, no resfriamento de sistemas eletrônicos e na engenharia de polímeros. Neste trabalho é realizada a investigação numérica do processo de convecção natural de fluidos de lei de Potência e de Bingham em cavidades fechadas, aquecidas lateralmente e preenchidas com meios heterogêneos e bloco centrado. O meio heterogêneo é constituído de blocos sólidos, quadrados, desconectados e condutores de calor. Como parâmetros são utilizados a faixa de Rayleigh de 104 à 107, índice de potência n de 0, 6 à 1, 6, número de Bingham de 0, 5 até Bimax , sendo investigado da influência do número de Prandtl para cada modelo de fluido. Nas cavidades com meio heterogêneo são utilizadas as quantidades de blocos de 9, 16, 36 e 64, mantendo-se a razão entre a condutividade térmica do sólido e do fluido κ = 1. Para as cavidades com bloco centrado, são utilizados os tamanhos adimensionais de 0, 1 à 0, 9 com κ = 0, 1; 1 e 10. A modelagem matemática é realizada pelas equações de balanço de massa, de quantidade de movimento e de energia. As simulações são conduzidas no programa comercial ANSYS FLUENT R . Inicialmente são resolvidos problemas com fluidos newtonianos em cavidade limpa, seguida de cavidade preenchida com meio heterogêneo e posteriormente bloco centrado para validação da metodologia de solução. Na segunda etapa é realizada o estudo com os modelos de fluidos de lei de Potência e de Bingham seguindo a mesma sequência. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de linhas de corrente, isotermas e pelo número de Nusselt médio na parede quente. De maneira geral, a transferência de calor na cavidade é regida pelo número de Rayleigh, tamanho e condutividade térmica dos blocos, pelo índice de potência para o modelo de lei de Potência e do número de Bingham para o modelo de Bingham. O número de Prandtl tem grande influência nos dois modelos de fluidos. O meio heterogêneo reduz a transferência de calor na cavidade quando interfere na camada limite térmica para ambos os fluidos, sendo feita uma previsão analítica para o fluido de lei de Potência. Para bloco centrado, a interferência na camada limite com fluido de lei de Potência também foi prevista analiticamente. A transferência de calor aumentou com bloco de baixa condutividade térmica e pouca interferência e com bloco de alta condutividade térmica e grande interferência, para ambos os fluidos.
Many studies have been carried out in square enclosures with generalized Newtonian fluids with natural convection in past few years for directly applications in compact heat exchangers, cooling of electronics systems and polymeric engineering. The natural convection in square enclosures with differently heated sidewalls, filled with power-law and Bingham fluids in addition with heterogeneous medium and centered block are analyzed in this study. The heterogeneous medium are solid, square, disconnected and conducting blocks. The parameters used are the Rayleigh number in the range 104 - 107 , power index n range of 0, 6 - 1, 6, Bingham number range of 0, 5 - Bimax , being the influence of Prandtl number investigated for each fluid model. The number of blocks for heterogeneous medium are 9, 16, 36 and 64, keeping constant solid to fluid conductive ratio, κ = 1. For enclosures with centered block are used the nondimensional block size from 0, 1 to 0, 9, with solid to fluid conductive ratio in range κ = 0, 1; 1 and 10. Mathematical modeling is done by mass, momentum and energy balance equations. The solution of equations have been numerically solved in ANSYS FLUENT R software. Firstly, numerical solutions for validation with Newtonian fluids in clean enclosures are conducted, followed by enclosures with heterogeneous medium and centered block. Subsequently, numerical solutions of power-law and Bingham fluids with same enclosures configurations are conducted. The results are reported in the form of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number at hot wall. In general, the heat transfer process in enclosure is governed by Rayleigh number, size and thermal conductivity of the blocks, power index n for power-law fluid and Bingham number for Bingham fluid. Both fluid models are very sensitive with Prandtl number changes. Heterogeneous medium decrease heat transfer in enclosure when affects thermal boundary layer for both fluid models. One analytical prediction was made for power-law fluid. An increase in heat transfer occurs with low thermal conductivity block and few interference and with high thermal conductivity block and great interference, for both fluids.
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Beraldo, Lucas Menghin. "Modelagem matemática para estimativa da gordura corporal baseada em densitômetro radiológica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2634.
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O excesso de gordura corporal esta associado a diversas doenças de ordem metabólica, psicológica e estrutural. É indicado que a adolescência é o período crítico para o desenvolvimento de hábitos associados ao acúmulo de gordura como a inatividade física, má alimentação e sedentarismo. Desta forma, esta é uma fase crítica para o monitoramento da população visando a redução de casos de obesidade e doenças associadas. A técnica padrão-ouro para avaliação da gordura corporal é a absorciometria de raios-X de dupla-energia. Porém seu caráter laboratorial impede o uso amplo. Desta forma, técnicas mais simples, como a medição de dobras cutâneas devem ser modeladas a partir de técnicas mais exatas para este monitoramento. Os modelos existentes foram desenvolvidos com populações estrangeiras que não se assemelham aos habitantes da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba o que pode levar a erros de avaliação e diagnóstico. Desta forma o objetivo deste estudo é produzir um modelo de análise da gordura corporal apropriado a crianças e adolescentes da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Foram selecionadas duas amostras, uma composta por 567 adolescentes hígidos com idade entre 10 e 18 anos; e outra composta por 63 crianças com paralisia cerebral entre 3 e 10 anos. Os dois grupos possuíam indivíduos de ambos os sexos. Foram coletados dados de massa, estatura, idade e espessura de dobras cutâneas, além da avaliação de composição corporal por densitometria radiológica. O percentual de gordura obtido por diferentes equações de dobras cutâneas e demais medidas antropométricas entre os adolescentes foi comparado com o obtido por densitometria indicando associações abaixo do indicado (CCC<0,900). Foi encontrada também uma tendência de subestimação pelas dobras cutâneas, o que resultava em elevados valores de especificidade e baixos de sensibilidade (sendo especificidade á quantidade relativa de verdadeiros negativos entre quem não possui a condição clínica, e a sensibilidade a relação de verdadeiros positivos entre quem possui a condição considerada). Isto indica uma grande quantidade de falsos negativos o que leva muitos adolescentes com excesso de gordura a serem classificados como eutróficos. O modelo classificatório desenvolvido para adolescentes obteve um ajuste de R2 Negelkerke=0,829, sensibilidade de 99,0% e especificidade de 82,7% apresentando indicadores diagnósticos acima do obtido por equações de dobras cutâneas e IMC. Para as crianças com paralisia cerebral foi desenvolvido um modelo estimativo da massa de gordura com ajuste de R2 =0,950 com erro padrão de estimativa de 1,039. As equações utilizadas para converter as dobras cutâneas em medições da gordura corporal demonstraram-se inadequadas para aplicação em adolescentes da região metropolitana de Curitiba. A aplicação de técnicas de regressão logística e linear apresentou resultados positivos, mesmo a partir da modelagem na amostra de crianças com paralisia cerebral.The overfat is associated with many methabolic, psycological and structural diseases. The adolescence is indicated as the critical period for the development of habits associated with fat accumulation like physical inactivity, poor diet and sedentarism. Thus, this is a important moment to monitorig the population aiming the reduction of obesity and associated disease. The golden standard to evaluate the body fatness is the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. However, its laboratorial aspect prevents a wide use. This way, simpler techniques as the skinfold measurement should be model from more exact techniques for this monitoring. The existing models were developed with foreign populations that don't resemble the Curitiba Metropolitan Region habitants. This could lead to evaluation and diagnostic errors. Thus, the aim of this study is to product a model of body fatness analysis appropriate to children and adolescents from the Curitiba Metropolitan Region. Two sample were selected, the first one composed by 567 healthy adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years; the other one composed by 63 children with cerebral palsy between 3 and 10 years. The groups have both genders. The data of weight, height, age and skinfold thickness were collected, beyond the body composition evaluation by radiologic densitometry. The fatness percentage obtained by different skinfold and other anthopometric mesures equations among the adolescents was compared with the obtained by densitometry presenting associations below indicated (CCC<0,900). A tendency of underestimation by the skinfold equations was found, that resulted in higher specificity values and low sensitivity (being specificity the relative quantity of true negatives among those who do not have de clinical condition, and the sensitivity the relations of true positives amons those who have the considered condition). This indicates a major quantitaty of false negatives, that leads many overfat adolescents to be classify as eutrophic. The developed classificatory model for adolescents obtained an adjustment of R2 Negelkerke=0,829, sensitivity of 99,0% and specificity of 82,7% presenting diagnostic's indicators above that obtained by skinfold equations and BMI. For the children with cerebral palsy was developed a fat mass estimation model with adjustment of R2 =0,950 and standard error of estimative of 1,039. The equations used to convert the skinfold in body fatness measures were found to be inadequate for aplication in adolescents from Curitiba Metropolitan Region. The aplication of logistic and linear regression techniques have presented positive results, even from modeling in the children with cerebral palsy sample.
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Mitishita, Rodrigo Seiji. "Avaliação experimental da transmissão de pressão em tubulações preenchidas por fluidos viscoplásticos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2598.
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CAPES; PetrobrasFluidos de perfuração apresentam comportamento viscoplástico, que é definido por uma tensão limite de escoamento. Se a tensão imposta não supera a tensão limite de escoamento, o material se comporta como um sólido elástico, e quando esta tensão é excedida, o fluido escoa como um líquido viscoso. Durante o processo de perfuração de poços de petróleo, válvulas posicionadas na extremidade da coluna de perfuração são atuadas por diferenças de pressão no fluido. Argumenta-se, entretanto, que pressões aplicadas na superfície não são totalmente transmitidas até a válvula, impedindo sua operação. Logo, a transmissão de pressão em fluidos viscoplásticos demanda mais estudo. Para suprir a falta de estudos experimentais sobre o assunto, uma avaliação experimental da transmissão de pressão em um fluido viscoplástico é realizada neste trabalho. O aparato experimental construído para este propósito consiste de uma longa tubulação em formato helicoidal (serpentina) mantida sob temperatura controlada, ao longo da qual estão instalados transdutores de pressão relativa. O fluido é bombeado a uma vazão controlada por uma bomba do tipo helicoidal. Durante os testes, o fluido de trabalho é pressurizado na serpentina até um certo patamar ao mesmo tempo em que as pressões são medidas. Os resultados dos testes com fluidos viscoplásticos corroboram a literatura, que afirma que um fluido com tensão limite de escoamento confinado em uma tubulação fechada não transmite totalmente a pressão imposta na entrada ao longo do restante da tubulação. Além disso, foi observado que a diferença de pressão entre dois pontos da tubulação quando o fluido está em repouso é proporcional à tensão limite de escoamento deste fluido. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com resultados de simulações numéricas de dois modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos no Centro de Pesquisas em Reologia e Fluidos Não newtonianos (CERNN), com boa concordância.
Drilling fluids exhibit a viscoplastic behavior, which is defined by a yield stress. If the stress imposed to the fluid does not surpass the yield stress, the material behaves like an elastic solid; if the yield stress is exceeded, it flows like a viscous liquid. In well drilling operations, some valves installed on the drillpipe near the bottom of the hole are actuated by pressure differences in the drilling fluid. However, it has been argued that the pressure applied at the surface is not fully transmitted to the valve’s position, preventing its actuation. Therefore, the pressure transmission in viscoplastic fluids demands further investigation. In order to compensate for the lack of experimental studies about the problem, an experimental analysis of the pressure transmission in yield stress fluids has been performed in this work. The experimental rig consists of a long thermally-controlled helical pipe, on which are installed relative pressure transducers. Fluid is displaced by a helical pump at a controlled flow rate. During the experiments, the fluid is pressurized inside the closed pipeline while the pressures are measured and recorded. The results showed that, in agreement with literature, the pressure at one end of a closed pipeline filled with a yield stress fluid is not fully transmitted to the other end. Moreover, it was observed that the pressure gradient in the pressurized fluid is proportional to its yield stress, which indicates a relation between pressure transmission and the presence and magnitude of the yield stress. The experiments were compared to simulation work developed at the Research Center for Rheology and Non-Newtonian Fluids with good agreement.
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Ripka, Wagner Luis. "Modelos matemáticos para estimativa da gordura corporal de adolescentes utilizando dobras cutâneas, a partir da absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2865.
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Introdução: Estudos têm encontrado uma transição da obesidade da população adulta para crianças e adolescentes, que por sua vez, pode acarretar manifestações clínicas, como: doenças coronarianas, diabetes tipo 2, e complicações psicossociais cada vez mais precocemente. Contudo, métodos para avaliação da composição corporal para essa faixa etária, principalmente envolvendo técnicas de baixo custo como as medidas de dobras cutâneas (DC) apresentam imprecisões em estudos brasileiros. Fator o qual pode levar a uma interpretação equivocada da composição corporal dos avaliados. Objetivo: desenvolver novos modelos matemáticos utilizando medidas de DC, tendo como referência a absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA), para estimativa de massa de gordura (G) em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo onde foram avaliados 416 adolescentes do gênero masculino de 12 a 17 anos, sendo 42 destinados para compor a amostra de validação da pesquisa. Foram coletadas medidas de massa corporal total, estatura, circunferência da cintura e quadril, nove pontos anatômicos baseados em DC: bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, peitoral, axilar média, abdominal, supra-ilíaca, coxa e panturrilha, além da G e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) aferida com a tecnologia de DXA. Para o desenvolvimento das equações foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear múltipla através do método de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS). Resultados: O grupo apresentou índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 21,25±4,12kg/m² e %G = 20,57±5,80%. A partir do %G, a prevalência de excesso de gordura foi verificada em 38,3% dos adolescentes. O impacto da gordura na DMO dos adolescentes indicou uma associação na ordem de r = -0,358; p<0,005, sendo verificada redução de até 14% da DMO para a região da coluna em adolescentes com obesidade em comparação aos eutróficos. O desenvolvimento de novos modelos matemáticos que atendessem critérios de alto coeficiente de determinação (R²), baixo erro padrão de estimativa (EPE), controle de colinearidade, normalidades dos resíduos, homoscedasticidade e praticidade, possibilitaram a apresentação de três opções com R² = 0,932 e EPE 1,79; R² = 0,912 e EPE = 1,78; R² = 0,850 e EPE = 1,87, respectivamente. Em todas as opções, as variáveis idade e estatura foram empregadas, bem como as DC de tríceps e subescapular. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de novos modelos matemáticos para a avaliação da gordura corporal em adolescentes com resultados superiores aos modelos existentes na literatura.Introduction: Studies have found a transition from obesity of the adult population to children and adolescents, which in turn, can lead to clinical manifestations, such as: coronary diseases, type 2 diabetes, and psychosocial complications increasingly early. However, methods for evaluating nutritional status for this age group, mainly involving low cost techniques such as skinfold thickness measurements (ST), are imprecise in Brazilian studies. Factor which can lead to a mistaken interpretation of the body composition of the evaluated ones. Objective: To develop new mathematical models, based on DC measurements, based on dual energy X-rays absorptiometry (DXA), to estimate fat mass (G) in adolescents. Methods: This was an exploratory descriptive study in which 416 male adolescents aged 12 to 17 years were evaluated, 42 of whom were separated to compose the study validation sample. Measurements of total body mass, stature, waist and hip circumference were obtained, nine anatomical points based on ST: biceps, triceps, subscapular, pectoral, mid axillary, abdominal, suprailiac, thigh and calf muscles, as well as G and bone mineral density (BMD) measured with DXA technology. For the development of the equations, a multiple linear regression model was used by the ordinary least square (OLS) method. Results: The group had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 21.25± 4.12 kg / m² and %G = 20.57 ± 5.80%. From %G, the prevalence of excess fat was verified in 38.3% of adolescents. The impact of fat on adolescent BMD indicated an association in the order of r = -0.358; P <0.005, with BMD reduction up to 14% for the spine region in adolescents with obesity compared to eutrophic. The development of new mathematical models that meet criteria of high coefficient of determination (R²), low standard error of estimation (SEE), control of colinearity, residue normalities, homoscedasticity and practicality, allowed the presentation of three options with R² = 0.932 and SEE 1.79; R² = 0.912 and SEE = 1.78; R² = 0.850 and SEE = 1.87, respectively. In all the options, the variables age and height were employed, as well as triceps and subscapular ST. Conclusion: The results obtained evidenced the possibility of developing new mathematical models for the evaluation of body fat in adolescents with results superior to the existing models in the literature.
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Gregory, Paul. "Flow over a body of revolution in a steady turn." 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2849.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments investigating the flow over a body in a steady turn require the use of a rotating arm. This apparatus has several limitations, including the restriction of only making one revolution before the body passes through its own wake, which in turn places restrictions on the available time to record measurements. Kinematic transformation using appropriately curved bodies in rectilinear flow overcomes these limitations, but introduces new problems. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to compare the flow over a body of revolution in a steady turn to the flow generated by the equivalent curved body. To ensure that the angle of attack between the straight body and the curved flow streamlines are preserved for the corresponding curved body placed in straight streamlines, the method of Gurzhienko (1934) was used. This is the first time that modern CFD techniques have been used to analyse the method of curved bodies for three-dimensional applications.
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Lai, Kwok Leung. "A numerical study of bluff body flow / submitted by Kwok Leung Lai." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19895.
Full textAbstract:
CD-ROM containing source codes of the numerical scheme (appendix A) is attached to back cover.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 459-472).
System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Macintosh or IBM compatible computer. Other requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
xxxvi, 473 leaves ; ill. ; 30 cm. + 1 computer optical disk (4 3/4 in.)
A numerical scheme, based on discrete-vortex and surface-vorticity boundary-integral methods, has been developed for stimulating time dependent, two-dimensional, viscous flow over arbitary arrays of solid bodies of arbitary cross-section
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001
37
Lai, Kwok Leung. "A numerical study of bluff body flow / submitted by Kwok Leung Lai." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19895.
Full textAbstract:
CD-ROM containing source codes of the numerical scheme (appendix A) is attached to back cover.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 459-472).
System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Macintosh or IBM compatible computer. Other requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
xxxvi, 473 leaves ; ill. ; 30 cm. + 1 computer optical disk (4 3/4 in.)
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
A numerical scheme, based on discrete-vortex and surface-vorticity boundary-integral methods, has been developed for stimulating time dependent, two-dimensional, viscous flow over arbitary arrays of solid bodies of arbitary cross-section
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001
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"Some studies on viscous fluids." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075216.
Full textAbstract:
Finally, we investigate the motion of a general form rigid body with smooth boundary by an incompressible perfect fluid occupying R3 . Due to the domain occupied by the fluid depending on the time, this problem can be transformed into a new systems of the fluid in a fixed domain by the frame attached with the body. With the aid of Kato-Lai's theory, we construct a sequence of successive solutions to this problem in some unform time interval. Then by a fixed point argument, we have proved that the existence, uniqueness and persistence of the regularity for the solutions of original fluid-structure interaction problem.In the first part, we study the issue of the inviscid limit of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on the general smooth domains for completely slip boundary conditions. We verify an asymptotic expansion which involves a weak amplitude boundary layer with the same thickness as in the Prantle's theory. We improve the better regularity for the boundary layer and obtain the uniform Lp--estimates (3 < p ≤ 6) of the remainder. Then we improved these estimates to H 1--estimates. It is shown that the viscous solution converges to the solution of Euler equation in C([0, T]; H1(O)) as the viscosity tends to zero.
In the second part, we consider the non-stationary problems of a class of non-Newtonian fluid which is a power law fluid with p > 3nn+2 in the half space with slip boundary conditions. We present the local pressure estimate with the Navier's slip boundary conditions. Using these estimates and an Linfinity -- truncation method, we can obtain that this system has at least one required weak solution.
In this thesis, we study several issues involving incompressible viscous fluids with the slip boundary conditions and the motions of fluid-solid interactions.
Zang, Aibin.
Adviser: Zhouping Xin.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-141).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Antiohos, Andrew. "The control of turbulent flows around bluff bodies by means of spanwise sinusoidal profiles." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25796/.
Full textAbstract:
Bluff bodies form ubiquitous components of many engineered structures. They are often exposed to turbulent flows, and the subsequent shedding of vortices gives rise to aerodynamic forces with large fluctuating components. As a result, significant oscillations are induced, which can lead to resonances and structural fatigue. To obviate these deleterious effects passive flow control mechanisms can be incorporated into the design of bluff bodies. However, to ensure the designs are effective and safe it is essential to understand and anticipate the behavior of the turbulent flows around bluff bodies.
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"Some studies on fluid-solid interactions." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074914.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, we focus on the problem of interactions between solids and fluids.The main part is the study of the motion of a rigid body immersed in an incompressible fluid. First, for the case of 2D ideal flow, a global weak solution is derived. Second, for the case of viscous flow in 3D, the problem is investigated in the Lp--framework. We get a decomposition of Lp-space associated with the problem. Then We prove that the corresponding semigroup is analytic in L65 R3∩L pR3 (p ≥ 2). Our result yields a local in time existence and uniqueness of strong solutions taking initial data in L65 R3∩L pR3 (p ≥ 3).
The other part is some research about micro-macro models of polymeric fluids. We provide a new proof for the global well-posedness of the coupling systems in 2D.
Wang, Yun.
Adviser: Zhouping Xin.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-119).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Hood, Lindsay Malcolm. "Computer simulation of shear flow in simple fluids." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/136598.
Full textAbstract:
Computer simulation of shear flow in fluids has become an important technique in our
understanding of the non-linear behaviour of fluids subjected to an external field. An
important method for studying fluids from the atomic or molecular level is Molecular
Dynamics. Conventional molecular dynamics simulations of shear flow have been
performed at constant shear rate and constant pressure. In this thesis we describe how to
perform simulations at constant shear stress or constant pressure, which are the usual
experimental conditions. The theory used in deriving the constant stress equations is
quite general and can be applied for fields other than shear flow, allowing one to simulate at
constant thermodynamic force or flux. The constant pressure simulations show clearly the
difference between shear thinning and shear dilatancy, a point that has caused confusion in
the rheological literature.
Efficient computational methods are important as some simulations can take hundreds
of hours of computer time. The arrival of a vector processor at the A.N.U. has necessitated
the experimentation with algorithms, with substantial performance gains over a standard
code. These increases in performance have allowed us to complete a thorough study of
shear flow at constant pressure for the soft sphere system, which complements a large body
of data at constant density from other workers. Also a thorough study of shear flow in two
dimensions has been completed. The two dimensional system shows a large dependence on
system size, and we have been able to show the transition from small system behaviour to
large system behaviour.
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Hsu, Chun-chia. "Range of motion of beetle body as a function of leg parameters." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36921.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the influence on range-of-motion
of beetle body of changes in leg segment
parameters. From beetle's leg orientation, influence of
the following leg segment parameters are investigated:
coxa length, coxa twist and body-coxa joint.
Kinematic equations are derived for legs of the
beetle. Roots of quartic polynomials obtained while
solving the kinematic equations are found by using the
Bairstow (1966) numerical method. Inverse kinematic
solutions are obtained for each leg and used to determine
whether a point is within the body range of motion or
not. An algorithm developed by Mason (1957) and Cordray
(1957) for tracing closed boundaries is used to find
ranges of motion of the body and feet.
Changes in body range of motion caused by alteration
in leg segment parameters are complex and not easy to
explain. Similarities between changes in body range of
motion and foot range of motion are observed. A great
deal more work is necessary to fully understand the
importance of observed changes.Graduation date: 1992
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Foo, Chee Kit. "Range of motion of beetle body as a function of foot positions." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38136.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a method for determining range
of body motion for a walking machine with feet fixed on
the ground. The darkling beetle was selected as the
sample subject in this study.
A closed form inverse kinematic solution is used to
determine if a point in space is within range of body
motion. An algorithm for tracing workspace boundary is
also presented.
The software, developed in Microsoft QuickC, has
three main parts: (1) a module for searching the
workspace contours and recording the contour points, (2)
a plotting program for presentation of the workspace on
the screen, (3) a module to determine ranges of roll,
pitch and yaw for specified foot positions. The plotting
program shows four views of the workspace, including
front, top, and side views, and user specified axonometric
projection.
Body range of motion for a representative set of foot
positions is presented and analyzed. Results are
presented for normal resting height (10mm) and for 8mm and
12mm heights. Body range of motion for feet positioned
for the alternating tripod gait is also presented. Ranges
of roll, pitch and yaw have been determined and are
discussed.Graduation date: 1991
44
Gladkikh, Mikhail Nikolaevich. "A priori prediction of macroscopic properties of sedimentary rocks containing two immiscible fluids." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1551.
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Amler, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Detection of particles transported in weakly compressible fluids : mathematical models, analysis, and simulations / Thomas Georg Amler." 2011. http://d-nb.info/1010249770/34.
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Dawkrajai, Pinan. "Temperature prediction model for a producing horizontal well." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2710.
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Sun, Yang 1959 Apr 19. "Nonlinear dynamic response of cable/lumped-body system by direct integration with suppression." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36218.
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Wang, Cheng-Ching 1975. "Two problems in many-body physics." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18162.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, the applications of many-body physics in neutral bosons and electronic systems in transition metal oxides are discussed. In the first part of the thesis, I will introduce the concepts of Bose condensation, emphasize the significance of the order parameter in superfluids (macroscopic wave function), and its consequence such as the emergence of exotic vortex states under rotation. Dated back to the importance of the vortex dynamics in the properties of high T[subscript c] superconductors, people have introduced a dual vortex description to describe the dynamics of charged bosons in a magnetic field. Similarly, the dual description is adapted to the problems of neutral bosons under rotation. Based on that picture, vortices behave like charges in an effective magnetic field which has been known to demonstrate different quantum phases such as Wigner crystal phase, and fractional quantum Hall liquid phases depending on the relative fraction of the number of bosons and vortices. In this work, we would like to address the validity of the picture by low energy effective theory. We can identify the origin of the vortex masse and the parameter regimes in which the vortex dual description is appropriate. In the second part of the dissertation, density functional theory is used to describe the strongly correlated matters with local density approximation and local Hubbard U interaction(LDA+U). We are particularly interested in the interface states in the heterojunction systems of two different perovskite oxides. What we found is that the interface states can be engineered to appear in certain transitional metal oxide layers by controlling the number of positive and negative charged layers, leading to the formation of quantum wells in two dimension. This type of systems ignite the hope to search for broken symmetry states in the interface which can be tunable with chemical doping or electric field doping. Even room temperature superconducting state may or may not exist in the interface is still an intriguing issue.text
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Rhee, Brian Kanghee. "Enhancement of mass transfer coefficient in three-phase magnetically stabilized fluidized bed." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33757.
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Hong, Zheng Hao, and 洪政豪. "Tribological performance study and mathematical models establishment of line contact body in considering of surface roughness." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47297169372532279554.
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