Journal articles on the topic 'Bodily ideal'
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1
Wienke, Chris. "Negotiating the Male Body: Men, Masculinity, and Cultural Ideals." Journal of Men’s Studies 6, no. 3 (June 1998): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106082659800600301.
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In an attempt to understand the relationship between the body and masculinity, this paper explores the extent to which body image has significance in men's lives. I begin by considering the cultural ideal of the male body as conceived within the context of popular culture. Citing both cultural examples and empirical evidence, I argue that the muscular body type represents the dominant cultural ideal. I then explain how the present paper builds on prior research on the male body image. My argument here is that prior research has neglected to study the meaning of body image from the perspective of men's everyday lives and therefore provides an incomplete assessment of men's views of body image. In response, this paper draws from interview data compiled from a larger study, illustrating the different ways men relate to cultural ideals of male bodies, how men adjust to the demands of ideals, and how men normalize their own bodily condition. This paper suggests that men develop a number of complex strategies to negotiate the meaning of their bodies in view of cultural ideals of male physiques.
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Baulch, Emma, and Alila Pramiyanti. "Hijabers on Instagram: Using Visual Social Media to Construct the Ideal Muslim Woman." Social Media + Society 4, no. 4 (October 2018): 205630511880030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305118800308.
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This article studies uses of Instagram by members of Indonesia’s Hijabers’ Community. It shows how hijabers employ Instagram as a stage for performing middle-classness, but also for dakwah (“the call, invitation or challenge to Islam”), which they consider one of their primary tasks as Muslims. By enfolding the taking and sharing of images of Muslimah bodies on Instagram into this Quranic imperative, the hijabers shape an Islamic-themed bodily esthetic for middle class women, and at the same time present this bodily esthetic as a form of Islamic knowledge. The article extends work on influencer culture on Instagram, which has considered how and whether women exert control over their bodies in post-feminist performances of female entrepreneurship and consumer choice on social media. In it, we argue that examining the “enframement” of hijaberness on Instagram show it to be both a Muslim variant of post-feminist performances on social media, and a female variant of electronically-mediated Muslim preaching. That is, hijabers’ performances of veiled femininity structure and are structured by two distinct fields - a dynamic global digital culture and a changing field of Islamic communication – and point to a “composite habitus,” similar to that identified by Waltorp.
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Holmes, Sarah. "Bodily Text and the Written Word of Pilates:." Nordic Journal of Dance 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njd-2018-0008.
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Abstract Pilates instructors, educators, and students while well intentioned, may not understand the troubling rhetoric they unintentionally perpetuate when working with clients. This article suggests that the myth of the ideal body, and the stereotypical gender norms therein, is perpetuated by the Pilates due in part because of its close relationship to the culture of ballet. Pilates contributes to the pursuit and inevitable failure of an unobtainable body. Pilates «(re)produces» the myth of the ideal body through the universal aspect of its “healthy” rhetoric. As a consequence, this article suggests, the exercise practice perpetuates a culture of inadequacy; since many times, abled and differentlyabled women who practice Pilates are healthy. This article reveals that the seemingly benign practice of Pilates simultaneously promotes rhetoric of privilege and coercion. It concludes that the teaching practice inadvertently values and perpetuates stereotypical, unrealistic, and unobtainable ideologies of health and well-being.
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Maggini, Golfo. "Bodily Presence, Absence, and their Ethical Challenges." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 17, no. 3 (2013): 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne20141297.
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In this paper I deal with Hubert Dreyfus’s phenomenological ethics regarding information technologies and the use of the Internet. From the 1990s on, Dreyfus elaborates a multi-faceted model of ethical expertise which may find a paradigmatic field of application in the ways in which information technologies transform our sense of personal identity, as well as our view of ethical integrity and commitment. In his 2001 On the Internet, Dreyfus investigates further several of the ideas already present in his groundbreaking 1997 Disclosing New Worlds. A phenomenological ethics of the virtual aims at going beyond both the objectivist ideal of moral universalism, which departs from the dominant Cartesianism both in epistemology and in ethics, as well as from the postmodernist, Nietzsche-inspired moral relativism. By referring back to existentialism, especially to Kierkegaard, and to phenomenology, especially to Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology, Dreyfus sketches a model of ethical expertise which can be particularly useful for internet users and researchers, as it combines a phenomenological anthropology of the virtual with a theory of cultural innovation and change. In my view, Dreyfus’s model may help overcome the strict either determinist or relativist accounts of the ethical challenges posed by information technologies. By endorsing a strongly anti-intellectualist view of information technologies, Dreyfus poses the necessity of identity and ethical integrity not only as abstract principles that require rational justification, but also as context-bound everyday practices that are in conformity with the “style” of a culture and several disclosive activities within it.
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te Hennepe, Mieneke. "‘To Preserve the Skin in Health’: Drainage, Bodily Control and the Visual Definition of Healthy Skin 1835–1900." Medical History 58, no. 3 (June 19, 2014): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.30.
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AbstractThe concept of a healthy skin penetrated the lives of many people in late-nineteenth-century Britain. Popular writings on skin and soap advertisements are significant for pointing to the notions of the skin as a symbolic surface: a visual moral ideal. Popular health publications reveal how much contemporary understanding of skin defined and connected ideas of cleanliness and the visual ideals of the healthy body in Victorian Britain. Characterised as a ‘sanitary commissioner’ of the body, skin represented the organ of drainage for bodyandsociety. The importance of keeping the skin clean and purging it of waste materials such as sweat and dirt resonated in a Britain that embraced city sanitation developments, female beauty practices, racial identities and moral reform. By focusing on the popular work by British surgeon and dermatologist Erasmus Wilson (1809–84), this article offers a history of skin through the lens of the sanitary movement and developments in the struggle for control over healthy skin still in place today.
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Bekircan, S. "Ideal Characteristics of a Variable Ratio Belt Drive." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 1 (January 1988): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_154_02.
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A fundamental theory concerning the theoretical power-torque envelopes over the speed ratio range of a general variable ratio belt drive is presented, to the best of the author's knowledge, for the first time. This theory applies to both V and flat belt drives, and is independent of the detailed designs. The analysis is based on two limiting factors, namely the maximum tension and the tendency of the belt to slip bodily on one or both pulleys assuming that the centre distance and the belt length are constant. These above factors determine the power and torque envelopes. The most suitable envelopes for the design purpose of the variable ratio belt drive are those of compact size, maximum belt tension and relatively high transmitted power.
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da Silva, Carolina Fernandes, Bruna Letícia de Borba, Cassiano Suhre da Rosa, Luiz Felipe Guarise Katcipis, Juliana Pizani, and Janice Zarpellon Mazo. "Bodily Practices and Healthy Bodies: Representations of Gymnastics in a Brazilian Women’s Magazine (1940–1950)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 15800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315800.
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This research aims to understand the influence of bodily practices, especially gymnastics, in the construction of representations of a healthy body conveyed in a Brazilian women’s magazine in the 1940s and 1950s. We use records from the Jornal das Moças magazine for the analysis based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of cultural history. The results show that gymnastics for women was linked to body maintenance and used as a tool for establishing a body standard, thus disciplining and shapingthe construction of women’s health concepts, determined by the aesthetic bias of that period: a slim body as an ideal standard of beauty and health.
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Alkadhimi, Aslam. "Does the exposure to 'ideal' facial images on Instagram influence facial and bodily satisfaction?" Evidence-Based Dentistry 22, no. 1 (January 2021): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41432-021-0154-6.
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Blumenfeld-Jones, Donald. "Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence and Dance Education: Critique, Revision, and Potentials for the Democratic Ideal." Journal of Aesthetic Education 43, no. 1 (2009): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jae.0.0029.
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Blumenfeld-Jones, Donald. "Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence and Dance Education: Critique, Revision, and Potentials for the Democratic Ideal." Journal of Aesthetic Education 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40263705.
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Wnuk, Ewelina, and Yuma Ito. "The heart’s downward path to happiness: cross-cultural diversity in spatial metaphors of affect." Cognitive Linguistics 32, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2020-0068.
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Abstract Spatial metaphors of affect display remarkable consistencies across languages in mapping sensorimotor experiences onto emotional states, reflecting a great degree of similarity in how our bodies register affect. At the same time, however, affect is complex and there is more than a single possible mapping from vertical spatial concepts to affective states. Here we consider a previously unreported case of spatial metaphors mapping down onto desirable, and up undesirable emotional experiences in Mlabri, an Austroasiatic language of Thailand and Laos, making a novel contribution to the study of metaphor and Cognitive Linguistics. Using first-hand corpus and elicitation data, we examine the metaphorical expressions: klol jur ‘heart going down’ and klol khɯn ‘heart going up’/klol kɔbɔ jur ‘heart not going down’. Though reflecting a metaphorical mapping opposite to the commonly reported happy is up metaphor, which is said to link to universal bodily correlates of emotion, the Mlabri metaphors are far from idiosyncratic. Rather, they are grounded in the bodily experience of positive low-arousal states, and in that reflect an emic view of ideal affect centered on contentment and tranquility. This underscores the complexity of bodily experience of affect, demonstrating that cultures draw on the available sensorimotor correlates of emotion in distinct ways.
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Jou, Chin. "The Progressive Era Body Project: Calorie-Counting and “Disciplining the Stomach” in 1920s America." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000348.
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Although the scientific origins of the calorie date back to the 1820s, calorie counting for weight loss only became popular in the late 1910s and 1920s. Placing this development in the broader context of the Progressive Era, this article considers how calorie counting and the reconstitution of food as calories reflected the period's fixation with science, rationalization, and quantification. This article also situates calorie counting within shifting bodily ideals among white women in the 1920s, and the ways in which class and race informed the promotion of the slender body as the feminine ideal. The second half of this article focuses on exchanges between Lulu Hunt Peters, a syndicated newspaper columnist and the author of a best-selling calorie-counting guide, and advice-seeking readers of her column. While Peters presented calorie counting as empowering for dieters and a way for them to seize control over their weight, her calorie-restriction program facilitated a new form of bodily discipline and self-regulation during a period that saw enhanced forms of surveillance in other areas of life.
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Jain, Andrea R. "The Dual-Ideal of the Ascetic and Healthy Body." Nova Religio 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2012): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2012.15.3.29.
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This article addresses institutional innovations in the Jain Śvetāmbara Terāpanth as it has adapted to a new socio-historical and cultural context. It investigates the intersections between the Terāpanth and the context of late-capitalism, particularly in India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and discusses shifts in orientations toward the body as acts of adaptation to late capitalism. Historically, the Terāpanth held an ascetic ideal that required social withdrawal and bodily purification for the sake of spiritual release from the world. Beginning in the late twentieth century, however, the Terāpanth prescribed a form of modern yoga for enhancing the body and life in the world. I argue that this shift signifies a practical change in the everyday body maintenance regime of the practitioner. It does not, however, signify a soteriological shift for the advanced spiritual adept. Rather, a body-negating asceticism maintains its central role in the construction of the soteriological path.
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Ivanova, Tatyana A. "THE PROBLEM OF ANDROGYNOUS IDEAL OF A HUMAN BEING IN V.V. ROZANOV’S PHILOSOPHY OF SEX." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 1 (2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2021-1-55-62.
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The purpose of this article is a philosophical and anthropological analysis of the ideal of androgyne in V.V. Rozanov’s metaphysics of sex. The main focus is on the comparison of the destructive and constructive forms of the androgyne in his philosophy. According to the philosopher, destructive forms include people of «moonlight» or «third sex», who are considered the founders of New Testament Christianity, denying the life of the flesh. Constructive forms are the natural androgyny of a child and the androgyny of a married couple, which reveals itself in love, dynamics, mutual complementarity of a man and a woman. The paper draws parallels between N.A. Berdyaev’s and V.V. Rozanov’s concepts of androgyne, which are antipodal in terms of direction of thought but have common meanings. It is concluded that thesimilarity between the concepts lies in the understanding of gender as a dynamic and metaphysical principle that penetrates through not only the bodily but also the spiritual life of a person, and therefore cannot be rejected. The concepts are also similar in that they draw a boundary between the androgyne and the hermaphrodite, of which the former is the ideal of the human wholeness, while the latter is an unsuccessful attempt to achieve it. The differences between these philosophers consist in the priority of spiritual love in Berdyaev’s system and worldly, bodily love in Rozanov’s, as well as in a different understanding of the process of an androgyne being generated in a person, which, in Berdyaev’s conception, is individual and arises in each of the persons who are in love with each other, while, according to Rozanov, it is exclusively achievable in couples. The paper also pays attention to Rozanov’s own theology, which renews the Old Testament family ideals, offering the concept of God as a «sexual» being and proposing to consider the act of love within marriage as a sacred mystery that unites a person with God in co-creation. The study allows us to rethink the modern problems of gender self-determination of a person, returning to the metaphysical foundations of the Russian philosophy of gender, the main task of which was the synthesis of the spiritual and bodily principles in a person.
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Douglas, Rachel A., and Anne Barrett. "AGING BODIES IN PARADISE? AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF FANTASY FEST IN KEY WEST, FLORIDA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1715.
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Abstract Dominant cultural constructions of aging bodies, particularly those of women, as unattractive and asexual may be challenged within politically and socially progressive leisure environments, like Key West, Florida, that promote out-group acceptance, collectivity, and cultural diversity. However, this possibility receives limited scholarly attention. Addressing this gap, our study employs observational and interview data (n=60) collected in 2017 and 2018 at Key West’s Fantasy Fest – an annual event marketed as a “10-day party in paradise for grown-ups.” The festival, drawing as many as 100,000 people, cultivates a relaxed atmosphere permissive of nudity and theatrical body adornment, including body paint and costume. This feature makes it an ideal site for examining the effect of inequalities, including age and gender, on body displays and social reactions to them. Data analysis revealed four themes centering on aging bodies – Judging Bodies, Limiting Body Displays, Displaying Bodily Difference, and Liberating Bodies. Age and gender inequality strongly influenced judgments of attractiveness and sexual appeal, contributing to older participants’ more limited body displays. Nevertheless, both young and old participants collectively contributed to creating a liberating environment that celebrates bodily difference and encourages cross-age interaction. While limited to one site with a unique political and social climate, our study suggests the potential of progressive leisure environments to broaden notions of aging bodies and encourage cross-age connections.
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Chudoba, Ewa. "What Controls and What is Controlled?" Contemporary Pragmatism 14, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-01401005.
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Shusterman cites Dewey as a preeminent influence, but also endeavors to differentiate himself from his philosophical predecessor. Thus while both emphasize embodiment, Dewey stresses that the body is coupled to the world, and Shusterman sees it as more internally complete, almost setting this up as an ideal to be pursued. Consequently Dewey regards bodily action and resultant experience as co-determined by the world, whereas Shusterman believes the body and experience is more under the control of the individual. This article contrasts Dewey and Shusterman’s approaches. It specifically ponders the Deweyan concepts of pervasive and unifying quality, and concludes that these ideas cast doubt on some of Shusterman’s views, specifically his emphasis on internal control.
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Durbach, Nadja. "Comforts, Clubs, and the Casino: Food and the Perpetuation of the British Class System in First World War Civilian Internment Camps." Journal of Social History 53, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shy065.
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Abstract Internment in camps for enemy aliens during the First World War might have led to a commonality of experience given that all civilian prisoners of war (POWs) were theoretically enduring the same material conditions. However, the privileges associated with social rank and with wealth led to profoundly different bodily regimes within these camps. The British class system was in fact perpetuated within the civilian internment camps established in the United Kingdom and among British subjects interned by the enemy, particularly in relation to the consumption of additional and superior food and drink that arrived in parcels from home and was provided at camp facilities for the privileged. These class distinctions had tangible material consequences for the interned, as not all bodies were equally subjected to the privations of the camp regime. That some POWs had access to more and better food throughout much of the First World War underscores the British state’s lack of commitment to the ideal of equality of bodily sacrifice. Instead the British government was complicit in perpetuating class inequalities both among its own subjects and those it had interned, even during a moment of international crisis when the social order was clearly being upended.
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Chu, Chao Chao, and Chao Luo. "Research on Urban Feminine Public Space." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.362.
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There have made great progress in urban space research which based on the individual bodily difference in the context of postmodernism. Feminine space also has been focused in the Architecture. In China, women often are regarded as one unit of sub-groups, whose living condition and living space had undergone great changes. Based on the bodily difference, from the view of functional requirements, behavior needs, physical needs and psychological requirements of women, the paper discusses the major existing problems in four aspects, which concluding function layout, transport supply, service facilities and space identify. Combined architecture and geography, sociology, urban planning, the paper uses the method of cognitive map and preference method to explore feminine cognitive pattern and behavior model, thus construct the ideal paradigm of urban feminine public space.
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Akun, Akun. "Surga dalam Mimesis: Representasi Surga dalam Cerpen ‘Sang Pendeta dan Kekasihnya’ Karya Yukio Mishima." Humaniora 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2010): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v1i2.2882.
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Mimesis is the representation of reality. This writing focuses on the analysis of three different representations of heaven in a short story The Preacher and His Lover by Yukio Mishima. The first representation is from the narrator’s interpretation, stressing on the existence of an ideal heaven in common people’s point of view, employing this worldly measurement in describing the ideal heaven. The second representation comes from Great Preacher with his view that the represented heaven is a place where he can enjoy the earthly and bodily enjoyment that he avoids in this world. And lastly, the representation from the Great Concubine who puts forward a contradictory (especially with the Great Preacher) point of view that the dreamed heaven is not at all the enjoyment that people experience in this world.
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Manning, Robert. "The Later Heidegger and the Later Levinas in the Time of Coronavirus." Gatherings: The Heidegger Circle Annual 10 (2020): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gatherings2020103.
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This article addresses the many ways the philosophies of the later Heidegger and the later Levinas speak to us in the time of the coronavirus pandemic. I argue that the pause in the world’s busy industrial life provides an ideal opportunity for what Heidegger called meditative thinking. The pandemic is also a time both of extreme bodily vulnerability and of extraordinary ethical responsibility for others, and so causes us to hear Levinas’ extreme language in Otherwise than Being about anarchic ethical responsibility and the self as a hostage in a very different way.
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MATEOS, ANA. "‘Aren’t we mothers all the same?’: Personhood and patria in Eva Canel’s La mulata." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 99, no. 8 (September 1, 2022): 721–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2022.44.
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Eva Canel’s play La mulata (Barcelona 1891, premiered in Havana in 1893) places its protagonist, Patria, at the intersection of feminist, anti-racist and anti-colonial agendas. In particular, I argue that it is through an original adaptation of the sentimental ideal of motherhood that the play grounds Patria’s rights as a mother and as an Afro-descendant woman, as well as the standing of a soon to be independent Cuba. In this way, the play invites reflection on the problematic relationship between discourses of disembodied personhood and bodily discrimination.
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Beaver, Rachel. "Image of Corruptible Man." Theologia in Loco 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55935/thilo.v4i1.228.
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This article offers a reading of Life of Anthony through the lens of gender performance theory and masculinity studies to uncover one fourth-century construction of the ideal Christian man. Through the use of literature contemporary to Athanasius, I argue that Athanasius combined bodily self-presentation with literary and intellectual self-presentation to construct the ideal Christian man and secure his own masculinity in the public eye. One way he achieved this was by creating a hagiographical version of Anthony on whom he could project his own ideological preferences concerning asceticism and masculinity. Athanasius' construction of the Arian as a cunning and feminine figure in his other writings and Anthony as a masculine figure who denounces Arianism effectively typifies fidelity to Nicene orthodoxy as a masculine trait and deviation from Nicene orthodoxy as feminine. This established Anthony as a beacon of masculine orthodoxy for others to emulate.
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Ntelia, Renata Elizabetta. "How Damsels Love: The Transgressive Pleasure of Romance." New Horizons in English Studies 6 (October 10, 2021): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/nh.2021.6.146-159.
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In this article, I look at contemporary romances as a source of transgressive pleasure that may inspire its audience to reject patriarchy. I focus solely on romances between a man and a woman with emphasis on the psychological dimension of the female character upon her trajectory from an object of desire to the man’s ideal partner. I argue that the pleasure of romance is, indeed, a means towards the dismissal of patriarchy. Drawing on feminist theory, I contend that romance constitutes a nucleus of a feminine ideal that women may use as a comparative reference point for their real-life relationships, revealing any problematic and inadequate behavior of real-life partners. Even though romance pertains to the prescripts of patriarchy, I argue that it can be seen as an intertext: a product of the interlanguage used to translate the male discourse to the female bodily experience. In producing and consuming the romance, women can contrast this experience of the feminine ideal with the lack of pleasure patriarchy entails for them. In this respect, the romance possesses a transgressive power that may facilitate women’s realization of their dissatisfaction and the refusal of their role as emotional labor.
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Yokota-Murakami, Takayuki. "The Historically Changing Notion of (Female Bodily) Proportion and Its Relevance to Literature." Perichoresis 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2020-0008.
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AbstractFutabatei Shimei (1864-1909) was an early modern Japanese novelist, translator, and critic. He wrote what is now generally conceived of as the first Japanese ‘modern’ novel, Drifting Clouds (1887-89). He translated works by Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Garshin, Gorky, and others. He also published a number of critical essays, treatises on literary theory, political papers, and so forth. His early translation of Turgenev’s short stories: Aibiki (Rendevous, 1888) and Meguriai (Three Trysts, 1889) were extremely influential on the contemporary literati, who were amazed at the fresh, poetic prose used in stark contrast to the traditional Japanese fiction in the pre-Reformation period. These translations, seen in the light of the present-day readers, were unique in what we might term today ‘foreignizing translation’. Lawrence Venuti in Invisibility of the Translator argues that the ideal of (English) translation has been to conceal itself as a translation, i.e. to present itself as an original text (chap I and passim). In that sense, Futabatei’s translations, scandalously presenting itself as a translation, that is to say, as an alien text, is extremely ‘foreignizing’.
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Correia-Caeiro, Catia, Kun Guo, and Daniel Mills. "Bodily emotional expressions are a primary source of information for dogs, but not for humans." Animal Cognition 24, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-021-01471-x.
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AbstractDogs have remarkable abilities to synergise their behaviour with that of people, but how dogs read facial and bodily emotional cues in comparison to humans remains unclear. Both species share the same ecological niche, are highly social and expressive, making them an ideal comparative model for intra- and inter-species emotion perception. We compared eye-tracking data from unrestrained humans and dogs when viewing dynamic and naturalistic emotional expressions in humans and dogs. Dogs attended more to the body than the head of human and dog figures, unlike humans who focused more on the head of both species. Dogs and humans also showed a clear age effect that reduced head gaze. Our results indicate a species-specific evolutionary adaptation for emotion perception, which is only partly modified for heterospecific cues. These results have important implications for managing the risk associated with human–dog interactions, where expressive and perceptual differences are crucial.
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Sergeeva, Valentina. "“Robin Hood Of Schools”: From “Penny Dreadful” To “Tales For Boys” (2nd Half Of The 19th c. — Beginning Of the 20th с.)." Children's Readings: Studies in Children's Literature 20, no. 2 (2021): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2304-5817-2021-2-20-57-76.
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In the second half of the 19th century Robin Hood, who formerly had been a character of historical novels a la Walter Scott and the low-grade criminal and adventurous literature (“penny dreadful”), came into the field of books addressed to young children and teenagers of a relatively high status. These stories were largely designed both to amuse and to teach; they served as the voice of pedagogical ideas and carried the public school ethos. The focus was shifted from Robin Hood’s outlawry towards the very features that could serve didactic purposes. The legendary archer stands before boy readers as an epitome of cardinal virtues of an ideal English schoolboy (patriotism, justice, bodily development, love for sport’s competitions, the skill of fair play, socialization as the supreme value). Robin Hood as the hero of school stories was especially invented for readers to identify with him on the points that were crucial in the public school ethos. For the young readers he became at least a good example, both cautionary and thrilling, of fulfillment of social expectations, if not a real role model.
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Belova, Olga V. "“EXTRA” BODY PARTS IN SLAVIC LEGENDS AND BELIEFS." Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion, no. 1 (2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-4158-2022-1-141-154.
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The publication considers the plots and motives of Slavic legends, as well as beliefs about different parts of the human body. Particular attention is paid to those parts of the body that were added or, conversely, rejected in the process of human creation. In Slavic cosmogonic and etiological legends, there is a clear idea that the human body should correspond to the ideal conceived by the demiurge, that is why the cornea or body hair, tail are superfluous; genitals added to the original body are recognized as necessary. The main criterion for evaluating the human body is the norm, and bodily redundancy or insufficiency characterizes demonic beings
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Widmann, Irena. "The Way as the Goal." Bible and the Contemporary World 1, no. 1 (August 10, 2019): 19–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/bcw.v1i1.1866.
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With the ever-growing net of cultural-touristic holiday routes in Switzerland, people are becoming more and more tired of impersonal travel and aimless wandering. While some are still satisfied with the commonplace phrase “the way as a goal,” others look for more meaning in their favorite activity. Here comes pilgrimage as an ideal combination of bodily and spiritual search. But is a leap from “tourist” to “pilgrim” realistic and how can it help to replenish one’s Christian faith? A project of two Swiss missional organizations was set exactly for this purpose: to animate the life of faith of the post-modern seekers of truth.
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Sjödin, Alfred. ""En fullkomlig man"." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 51, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v51i1-2.1738.
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“The Complete Man”: Body and Society in Viktor Rydberg The article treats the place of the body in the cultural criticism of Viktor Rydberg, not only as a central theme but also as an image with the potential to figuratively describe societal and even cosmic relationships. Rydberg’s ideal of the symmetrical and athletic body is seen in the perspective of his dependence on German neo-humanism and the gymnastic movement. The ideal of bodily symmetry figures as an image of universal man who defies the division of labor, while the deformed body inversely figures as an image of the lack of wholeness in a stratified bourgeois society. This is further elucidated by an analysis of Rydberg’s view of Darwinism and his fear of degeneration. In the final section, special attention is given to Rydberg’s broodings on the “Future of the White Race”. In this text, the body is a figure of the collectivity (the body politic) and its diseases signify political and moral crisis, while the remedy for this state of affairs lies in recognizing the unity of the living, the dead and the unborn in the body of Christ.
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Carbone, Paola. "Fashion in India: Coercion or a Flag for Freedom?" Pólemos 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2016-0005.
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Abstract The essay examines how fashion mediates our knowledge of human relationships in Indian English literature from an anthropological perspective of the value of clothing in Indian culture. The first part of the essay analyses the importance that Gandhi’s khadi had for the independence of India and the role it plays in Mulk Raj Anand’s novel Untouchable (1935). The second part illustrates how sari and salwaar kameez shape Indian femininity and women’s dignity. Dress is viewed as a situated bodily practice which makes social and cultural values visually intelligible. In the study, I do not refer to clothing as “fashion”, but rather as dignity, human rights, discrimination, and justice. The purpose is to underline how a piece of garment can be highly identitarian of a single individual and highly identitarian of a political ideal.
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Johansen, May-Lill, Knut Arne Holtedahl, Annette Sofie Davidsen, and Carl Edvard Rudebeck. "‘I deal with the small things’: The doctor–patient relationship and professional identity in GPs’ stories of cancer care." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 16, no. 6 (March 7, 2012): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459312438565.
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An important part of GPs’ work consists of attending to the everyday and existential conditions of human being. In these life world aspects, biomedicine is often not the relevant theory to guide the GP; nevertheless they are a part of GPs’ professional domain. In cancer care, previous studies have shown that GPs with a biomedical perspective on medicine could feel subordinate to specialists, and that doctors with a curative focus could see disease progression as a personal failure. The aim of this study was to explore in depth the experiences of being a GP for people with advanced cancer. Fourteen Norwegian GPs were interviewed about accompanying patients through a cancer illness. Their stories were analysed using a narrative approach. The GPs expressed a strong commitment to these patients, a loyalty which in some cases could be weakened due to judgements of distant specialists. In view of the GPs’ close knowledge of their patients’ background and history this subordination was a paradox, mirroring a hierarchy of medical knowledge. The GPs had an ideal of honesty and openness about death, which they sometimes failed. To reach the ideal of honesty, clinicians would have to abandon the biomedical ideal of mastering human nature through interventions and acknowledge the fundamental uncertainty and finiteness of human life. GPs may learn from being with their patients that bodily and existential suffering are connected, and thus learn implicitly to overlook the body–mind dualism. This practical wisdom lacks a theoretical anchoring, which is a problem not only for general practice.
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Davies, Genna, Oski Singh, Juergen Prattes, Martin Hoenigl, Paul W. Sheppard, and Christopher R. Thornton. "Aspergillus fumigatus and Its Allergenic Ribotoxin Asp f I: Old Enemies but New Opportunities for Urine-Based Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Using Lateral-Flow Technology." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010019.
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Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus is a life-threatening lung disease of immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis currently relies on non-specific chest CT, culture of the fungus from invasive lung biopsy, and detection of the cell wall carbohydrate galactomannan (GM) in serum or in BAL fluids recovered during invasive bronchoscopy. Urine provides an ideal bodily fluid for the non-invasive detection of pathogen biomarkers, with current urine-based immunodiagnostics for IPA focused on GM. Surrogate protein biomarkers might serve to improve disease detection. Here, we report the development of a monoclonal antibody (mAb), PD7, which is specific to A. fumigatus and related species in the section Fumigati, and which binds to its 18 kDa ribotoxin Asp f I. Using PD7, we show that the protein is secreted during hyphal development, and so represents an ideal candidate for detecting invasive growth. We have developed a lateral-flow device (Afu-LFD®) incorporating the mAb which has a limit of detection of ~15 ng Asp f I/mL urine. Preliminary evidence of the test’s diagnostic potential is demonstrated with urine from a patient with acute lymphoid leukaemia with probable IPA. The Afu-LFD® therefore provides a potential novel opportunity for non-invasive urine-based detection of IPA caused by A. fumigatus.
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Kyriakopoulos, Leandros. "Performing euphoric cosmopolitanism: The aesthetics of life and public space in psytrance phantasmagoria." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc.5.1.69_1.
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How can we conceive the cosmopolitan ideal of travelling and experiencing exotic difference, so much embraced by ‘countercultural’ practices, once it is aestheticized into phantasmagorical dream-worlds? How can we think of people getting wasted due to drug-fuelled, long-lasting dancing without resorting to idealisms of ‘alternate experiences’ and romanticisms about ideal ways of belonging? This article explores psytrance festivals ‐ a cultural product of the Electronic Dance Music (EDM) carnivalesque celebrations, drug consumption (for the most part LSD and MDMA) and euphoric travelling of the 1960s ‐ with an emphasis on cosmopolitanism, aesthetic intimacy and the care of the self. By examining the mobility of Greek aficionados in EDM festivals in Europe, which have gained great popularity since the first decade of the twenty-first century, I discuss the enactment of the chemical celebration in accordance with the sensorial formations, desiring-images and narratives that weave the imagination of psytrance music culture. In contrast with most of the academic literature that views EDM events as a ‘heterotopic’ set-up that facilitates ‘liminal experiences’ ‐ supposedly evidence of the possibility of an out-of-the-ordinary lifestyle as opposed to everyday normativity ‐ I propose to investigate the excesses of consumption and bodily expenditure within metaphors that support psytrance technoaesthetics.
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Hamilton, Jonnette Watson. "Metaphors of Lawyers' Professionalism." Alberta Law Review 33, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1121.
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This article examines three common metaphors in several professional codes of legal conduct and supporting documents. The metaphors are the "metaphoric networks" based on the military, gentility and Christianity. Numerous examples of all three metaphoric networks are given. Metaphors are non-arbitrary. The three metaphoric networks examined here are consistent with one of the most common orientation metaphors in the English language, the metaphor expressing relationships in bodily terms of "up" and "down." These metaphoric networks evoke a hierarchy of society based on a strictly male, ethnocentric British-Canadian world. The lawyer reading the codes of conduct that contain these metaphors would see the image of the lawyer created according to the lawyer's own inclusion within or exclusion from that ideal. Also, this social elitism may contribute to the public's lack of respect for the legal profession.
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Basson, Alec. "Just Skin and Bones: The Longing for Wholeness of the Body in the Book of Job." Vetus Testamentum 58, no. 3 (2008): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853308x301980.
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AbstractThe book of Job recounts the story of an individual who grapples with the enigma of suffering. In addition to his personal loss, the supplicant's body also comes under attack. Furthermore, the physical distress experienced by Job is exacerbated by the attitude of his kinsmen. His disintegrated body has lead to severed social relations. Given the fact that the body mediates the plaintiff's involvement in society and represented social unity in ancient Israel, Job longs for a whole body as the ideal body image. The ancient Israelites only regarded the whole body as pure, real and acceptable. This contribution argues that to appreciate fully the allusions to bodily degeneration in the book of Job, the importance of wholeness of the physical body in ancient Israel and the impact it had on the socio-religious structure should be taken into account.
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Robb, Hamish. "Marie Jaëll: Pioneer of Musical Embodiment Studies." 19th-Century Music 45, no. 3 (2022): 220–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2022.45.3.220.
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Although hardly mentioned in English-language music scholarship today, the French musician Marie (Trautmann) Jaëll (1846–1925) was a pioneer of musical embodiment studies. Jaëll’s conception of both performing and listening unites body and mind: she shows musical expression and meaning to be inextricably connected to thought, inner hearing, movement, tension, and touch. Her theory—which is supported by recent research in music theory, pedagogy, and psychology—is the most comprehensive early model of musical embodiment. Jaëll’s theoretical framework rests on a concept of an elastic, dynamic consciousness. How we think and move around the piano—and how we think and move through “musical space”—greatly affects not just the actual sound produced but also the sound we believe we hear. Particular bodily attitudes, and the thinking that underlies them, encourage particular ways of hearing for both performer and listener. Thoughts and movements nurture an inner music more ideal than either the notes on the score or the real sound made by the instrument. Despite suffering greatly from the gender bias of her time, Jaëll presents a theory that forces us to accord her a pivotal place in the history of embodiment studies. Her theory demonstrates music to be a dynamic act that we understand through our own bodies and senses.
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Moran, Dominique, Judith Pallot, and Laura Piacentini. "Lipstick, Lace, and Longing: Constructions of Femininity inside a Russian Prison." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 700–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d7808.
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This paper examines the construction of femininity within Russian women's prisons. On the basis of fieldwork carried out in three women's prisons in the secure and restricted penal zone within Mordovia, Russian Federation, we present unique and original qualitative data, as well as a critical engagement with contemporary Russian press sources. Starting from the assumption that the (free) female body is a particular target of Foucauldian disciplinary power, in that gender is a discipline which produces bodies and identities and operates as an effective form of social control, we examine the ways in which this disciplinary power of gender is compounded by bodily imprisonment. Criminal women are often considered not only to have broken the law but also to have offended against their culturally specific gender role expectations, and punishment applied to women prisoners is grounded not on what women are like, but on how women ‘ought’ to behave in a particular cultural context, with interventions coercing or persuading women to reintegrate into a recognisably ‘feminine’ form. We uncover Russia's exceptional and exclusionary geography of women's imprisonment, and rehabilitative and educational processes, including a beauty pageant, which seek to rescript criminal women toward a predetermined ‘ideal’ of Russian womanhood, and also explore the ways in which women seek to resist.
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El Arja, Sami, Titus Jayarathna, Ganesh Naik, Paul Breen, and Gaetano Gargiulo. "Characterisation of Morphic Sensors for Body Volume and Shape Applications." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010090.
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Stretchable conductive materials are originally conceived as radio frequency (RF) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, and, under stretch, they generally function as distributed strain-gauges. These commercially available conductive elastomers have found their space in low power health monitoring systems, for example, to monitor respiratory and cardiac functions. Conductive elastomers do not behave linearly due to material constraints; hence, when used as a sensor, a full characterisation to identify ideal operating ranges are required. In this paper, we studied how the continuous stretch cycles affected the material electrical and physical properties in different embodiment impressed by bodily volume change. We simulated the stretch associated with breathing using a bespoke stress rig to ensure reproducibility of results. The stretch rig is capable of providing constant sinusoidal waves in the physiological ranges of extension and frequency. The material performances is evaluated assessing the total harmonic distortion (THD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), correlation coefficient, peak to peak (P-P) amplitude, accuracy, repeatability, hysteresis, delay, and washability. The results showed that, among the three controlled variables, stretch length, stretch frequency and fabric width, the most significant factor to the signal quality is the stretch length. The ideal working region is within 2% of the original length. The material cut in strips of >3 mm show more reliable to handle a variety of stretch parameter without losing its internal characteristics and electrical properties.
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Koronas, Vasilios, and Maria Tsigelidou. "Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Body Type of Young Tennis Players." GYMNASIUM XIX, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/gsjesh.2018.19.2.09.
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Many coaches and doctors tend to identify an “ideal body type” that the athletes must maintain in order for them to excel in each sport. In most cases, the athletes are compared in terms of height, weight, height-weight ratios and posture and many are discouraged to do a particular type of sports based on their anthropometric characteristics. However, in reality, not all people have the same body types of bodily composition and, for the most part, weight, body fat and posture can be improved through the years by exercise and practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the anthropometric characteristics of tennis players that are still adolescents For the purpose of the survey, real data were used, with the researcher measuring the body fat of the athletes, the bone structure, the height and weight as well as estimating the Body Mass Index of the teens.
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Genta, Sarah. "Endorsing the Self: Embodied Improvisation in Prison Arts Programs." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2014 (2014): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2014.11.
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Michel Foucault, in Discipline and Punish, outlines a historical shift from punishment as public spectacle to punishment as “the most hidden part of the penal process.” Examining the resultant changes, he recognizes the quieter, psychological control and bodily supervision that have replaced public torture in our system.I observe this control of incarcerated individuals and then correlate it with terms that Danielle Goldman uses to describe dance improvisation: continued confrontation with constraint(s). She advocates that the practice of freedom, through improvisation, is a “mode of making oneself ready for a range of ... situations,” and so is politically and socially powerful.Citing multiple prison arts programs, I conclude that embodied improvisation both theoretically and practically addresses forces of oppression and confinement within the prison system by offering moments of creative self-direction and non-hierarchal interaction. I render this unique application an ideal artistic and actionable response to the framework of captivity.
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Hancock, Ralph C. "Religion and the Limits of Limited Government." Review of Politics 50, no. 4 (1988): 682–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500042005.
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A reflection on the meaning of limited government illuminates both its theoretical limits or boundaries and its practical limitations. The full rationality of the Lockean argument for narrowing the scope of politics to bodily self-interest may be questioned from two apparently opposite standpoints: because of its aggressive materialism or because it seems to rest upon a distinctly Christian dichotomy between spiritual and secular concerns. This paradox is further represented in the religious liberalism of the American Revolution, and a consideration of Calvin's theology suggests that this spiritual secularism is not simply an eighteenth-century confusion, but may derive from a radicalization of the Christian idea of transcendence. Thus both religious and secular sources of the ideal of limited government rest on unlimited claims for the unity of private self-preservation and universal Truth. This faith does not, however, exhaust the meaning of the Founding.
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Swanepoel, Annie, Daniela F. Sieff, Graham Music, John Launer, Michael Reiss, and Bernadette Wren. "How evolution can help us understand child development and behaviour." BJPsych Advances 22, no. 1 (January 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.114.014043.
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SummaryThe traditional disease model, still dominant in psychiatry, is less than ideal for making sense of psychological issues such as the effects of early childhood experiences on development. We argue that a model based on evolutionary thinking can deepen understanding and aid clinical practice by showing how behaviours, bodily responses and psychological beliefs tend to develop for ‘adaptive’ reasons, even when these ways of being might on first appearance seem pathological. Such understanding has implications for treatment. It also challenges the genetic determinist model, by showing that developmental pathways have evolved to be responsive to the physical and social environment in which the individual matures. Thought can now be given to how biological or psychological treatments – and changing a child's environment – can foster well-being. Evolutionary thinking has major implications for how we think about psychopathology and for targeting the optimum sites, levels and timings for interventions.
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Provenzano, Luca, Giuseppina Porciello, Sofia Ciccarone, Bigna Lenggenhager, Gaetano Tieri, Matteo Marucci, Federico Dazzi, Camillo Loriedo, and Ilaria Bufalari. "Characterizing Body Image Distortion and Bodily Self-Plasticity in Anorexia Nervosa via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Virtual Reality." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010098.
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We combined virtual reality and multisensory bodily illusion with the aim to characterize and reduce the perceptual (body overestimation) and the cognitive-emotional (body dissatisfaction) components of body image distortion (BID) in anorexia nervosa (AN). For each participant (20 anorexics, 20 healthy controls) we built personalized avatars that reproduced their own body size, shape, and verisimilar increases and losses of their original weight. Body overestimation and dissatisfaction were measured by asking participants to choose the avatar that best resembled their real and ideal body. Results show higher body dissatisfaction in AN, caused by the desire of a thinner body, and no body-size overestimation. Interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) was then applied on the avatar reproducing participant’s perceived body, and on the two avatars which reproduced increases and losses of 15% of it, all presented with a first-person perspective (1PP). Embodiment was stronger after synchronous IMS in both groups, but did not reduce BID in participants with AN. Interestingly, anorexics reported more negative emotions after embodying the fattest avatar, which scaled with symptoms severity. Overall, our findings suggest that the cognitive-emotional, more than the perceptual component of BID is severely altered in AN and that perspective (1PP vs. 3PP) from which a body is evaluated may play a crucial role. Future research and clinical trials might take advantage of virtual reality to reduce the emotional distress related to body dissatisfaction.
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Yidana, Mumuni Baba, Francis Arthur, and Bethel Tawiah Ababio. "Teachers’ Application of Multiple Intelligences Approach in Teaching Economics." Education Research International 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2875555.
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The use of Gardner’s multiple intelligences (MI) theory is touted as one of the ideal ways of teaching students with diverse intelligences. However, there appears to be paucity of research in this area of knowledge. This study, therefore, explored the application of multiple intelligences approach in the teaching of Economics. The study was a quantitative research that adopted the descriptive cross-sectional survey design. In total, 100 senior high school teachers were selected for the study. Data were collected by the use of a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, ranging from “never” to “very frequently.” Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (MANOVA) were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that Economics teachers frequently used interpersonal intelligences in teaching Economics. Additionally, it was found out that there was a statistically significant difference in the application of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence approach in the teaching of Economics based on Economics teachers’ teaching experience. However, the findings of the study showed no statistically significant difference in the Economics teachers’ application of MI approach in the teaching of Economics based on their gender. It was, thus, recommended that Ghana Education Service, Ministry of Education, and Non-Governmental Organisations should organise seminars and conferences for teachers to deepen their understanding of the application of the MI approach in the teaching of Economics. In addition, heads of senior high schools should organise professional development programmes and conferences to enable teachers acquire information on the following domains of MI: logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, and naturalistic intelligences.
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Constantine Bell, Nikki Melina. "Regulating Transfer and Use of Fetal Tissue in Transplantation Procedures: The Ethical Dimensions." American Journal of Law & Medicine 20, no. 3 (1994): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007188.
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For twenty years scientists have worked to find an effective treatment to ease the quivering, the stiffness, and the difficulty in controlling bodily movements which are the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The disease can be treated with L-dopa, a drug that mimics the dopamine that coordinates neural transmission in the human brain, which Parkinson's sufferers have ceased to produce in sufficient quantities. The L-dopa, however, produces damaging side-effects and sometimes proves ineffectual. Researchers discovered in animal experiments that the effects of a laboratory-developed disease simulating Parkinson's disease could be mitigated using fetal brain tissue transplants, which produced the natural dopamine the animals’ cells failed to produce adequately.These experiments were replicated with human subjects, and fetal tissue transplants have shown great potential as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Fetal tissue is ideal for transplantation because it is in a stage of primitive development in which it adjusts easily to a new environment.
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Hahusseau, Stéphanie, Bruno Baracat, Thierry Lebey, Lionel Laudebat, Zarel Valdez, and Arnaud Delorme. "Heart rate variability biofeedback intero-nociceptive emotion exposure therapy for adverse childhood experiences." F1000Research 9 (April 19, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20776.2.
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Background: Psychiatric patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) tend to have dysfunctions in the interoceptive part of their emotional experience. The integration of interoceptive emotional activity in the insular and cingulate cortices is linked to the regulation of sympathovagal balance. This makes heart rate variability (HRV) an ideal measure for providing feedback on emotion regulation in real-time. Methods: A sample of one hundred (n=100) outpatients was evaluated. Participants underwent eight 30-minutes ACE exposure sessions during which patients were guided to experience bodily sensations related to ACE while their HRV was monitored using a commercial biofeedback device. Results: Comparing the results of the first to last therapeutic session, a significant decrease in heart rate and an increase in HRV at the onset of the session were observed. Conclusions: This study suggests a physiological impact of therapeutic interventions on autonomic balance and underlines the interest in HRV biofeedback as clinical practice.
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Vaccari, Andrés. "Dissolving Nature." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 16, no. 2 (2012): 138–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201216213.
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This paper is an enquiry into the philosophical fault-line that leads from mechanicism to posthumanism. I focus on a central aspect of posthumanism: the erosion of the distinction between organism and machine, nature and art, and the biological and engineering sciences. I claim that this shift can be placed in the seventeenth century, in Descartes’s biology. The Cartesian fusion of the natural and technological opened the door to distinctly posthuman understandings of the living body, its relation to technological extensions, and the possibility of its drastic alteration. Descartes’s mechanicism demanded a reconceptualization of bodily boundaries, organismic unity, natural finality, causation, and bio/technological instrumentality; all of which Descartes boldly theorized in terms of the wondrous technologies of his day. This radical proposal obscured the possibility of thinking the human as ontologically unique, or as having an ideal unity. This paper will examine the posthuman ramifications of these aspects of Descartes’s philosophy.
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Hahusseau, Stéphanie, Bruno Baracat, Thierry Lebey, Lionel Laudebat, Zarel Valdez, and Arnaud Delorme. "Heart rate variability biofeedback intero-nociceptive emotion exposure therapy for adverse childhood experiences." F1000Research 9 (May 4, 2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20776.1.
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Background: Psychiatric patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) tend to be dysfunctional in the interoceptive part of their emotional experience. The integration of interoceptive emotional activity in the insular and cingulate cortices is linked to the regulation of sympathovagal balance. This makes heart rate variability (HRV) an ideal measure for providing feedback on emotion regulation in real time. Methods: A sample of one hundred (n=100) outpatients was evaluated. Participants underwent eight 30-minutes ACE exposure sessions during which patients were guided to experience bodily sensations related to ACE while their HRV was monitored using a commercial biofeedback device. Results: Comparing the results of first to last therapeutic session, a significant decrease in heart rate and an increase in HRV at the onset of the session were observed. Conclusions: This study suggests physiological impact of therapeutic interventions on the autonomic balance and underlines the interest of HRV biofeedback as a clinical practice.
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Moyer, Valerie. "Leaky Bodies and the Stickiness of Testosterone in Women's Athletics." Somatechnics 11, no. 2 (August 2021): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2021.0352.
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This article argues for a critical re-evaluation of anti-doping testing practices in international athletics, performed by The International Olympic Committee and World Athletics, as overseen by the World Anti-Doping Agency. By carefully analysing anti-doping testing procedures and data taking, the conceptions of the body, with its multiplicity and sticky properties of testosterone become evident, revealing obscured connections between anti-doping and sex testing practices. Using a biopolitical framework, I trace the ways anxieties over gender, athletic ability, and race shape molecular level testing mechanisms, constructing and de-constructing the body in the process. This article draws on New Materialist theories and Feminist Science and Technology Studies scholarship, including: Anne Fausto-Sterling’s history of hormones; Sara Ahmed’s concept of ‘sticking’; Annemarie Mol’s ‘the body multiple’; Rebecca Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis’s work on testosterone; and Margrit Shildrick’s theory of ‘leaky bodies’ to argue that the racialised and gendered history of testosterone continue to linger on in the ways this hormone is tested and regulated in women’s athletics. This biopolitical system of surveillance in international sports is founded on an ideal of the body as autonomous, whole, and classifiable within a sexed binary. Yet, there is a distinct tension between this understanding of the body and the ways testing is executed, which relies on leaks, extractions, dissections, and manipulations of the athlete’s bodily substances to in order to discipline it into normalising categories of sex.
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Kandic, Aleksandar. "Mathematical model of explanation of the world’s structure in Plato’s Timaeus." Theoria, Beograd 62, no. 2 (2019): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1902163k.
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Plato?s cosmological dialogue The Timaeus initiates, among other things, the question of the status of mathematical entities: do they exist completely independently of the physical world whose structure they supposedly explain, are they present in a certain sense within the physical world, or are they, perhaps, exclusively psychological in nature. The author of the paper critically examines Johansen?s interpretation according to which the inherent structure of the human psyche, in the case of Plato?s Timaeus, is already mathematically ideal. Although Johansen?s interpretation is pervasive and well-grounded, the relationship between mathematical and sensory entities is considered mainly in the context of astronomy, disregarding Plato?s theory of micro-structures (the so-called geometric atomism). Thus, the author confronts Johansen?s interpretation with the opinions of other influential researchers of ancient philosophy, such as Cornford, Vlastos, Popper, Lloyd, Brisson, as well as the philosophers of the ancient era, Proclus, Aristotle, and others, in an effort to develop an interpretation that is as close as possible to the whole of Plato?s text. It seems that, when it comes to Plato?s Timaeus, one cannot discuss about the psychological origin of the mathematical model of explanation of natural phenomena without realizing that, in a quite complicated way, such mathematical model possesses a physical aspect as well. Plato himself, at the end of The Timaeus, claims that psychological disorders are caused by disruptions of the mathematically ideal proportions of bodily parts of the human organism (86b), which is only one of his claims that points to the psychophysical nature of mathematical entities.