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Journal articles on the topic 'BoDEx'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ávila-Valencia, Juan Carlos, Beatriz Elena Muñoz-Erazo, Viviana Sarria, Vicente Benavides Cordoba, and Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña. "Cambios En El Bode-Bodex De Pacientes Con Epoc Al Culminar Un Programa De Rehabilitación Pulmonar." Revista Colombiana de Rehabilitación 15, no. 1 (2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30788/revcolreh.v15.n1.2016.7.

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La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en todo el mundo. Representa un alto nivel de discapacidad afectando al individuo en todas sus áreas y determinando el deterioro funcional en sus actividades básicas cotidianas y en la relación con su entorno. El propósito fue determinar los cambios en el BODE-BODEX de pacientes con EPOC que culminaron un programa de Rehabilitación Pulmonar (RP) en la ciudad de Cali Colombia. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en 28 pacientes con diagnóstico de EPOC mayormente mujeres quienes ingresaron a un programa de RP entre enero de 2013 y julio de 2015. Se tuvo en cuenta la espirometría, el test de caminata de 6 minutos (6MWT), la valoración de la disnea y el índice de masa corporal. El grupo se clasificó principalmente en EPOC moderada. Con respecto a los valores pre y post RP, hubo cambios significativos en Disnea medida con la escala mMRC y la tolerancia al esfuerzo valorada con el 6MWT. No se encontraron variaciones respecto al IMC. La rehabilitación pulmonar generó cambios con significancia clínica y estadística en la tolerancia al esfuerzo reflejado en la distancia recorrida en el 6MWT, así como en la disnea según la mMRC y la fatiga de miembros inferiores, esta situación también generó cambios multidimensionales en la puntuación de los índices BODE-BODEX.

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Castañ-Abad, Maria T., Josep Montserrat-Capdevila, Pere Godoy, et al. "Diabetes as a risk factor for severe exacerbation and death in patients with COPD: a prospective cohort study." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 4 (2020): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz219.

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Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes comorbidity is common in patients with COPD. One of the most frequent causes of hospital admission in patients with COPD are exacerbations. Methods Prospective cohort study, which included 512 patients with COPD recruited in a primary care centre in Mollerussa (Lleida, Spain). Inclusion criteria were: patients &gt;40 years of age with COPD according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Variables collected were as follows: age, gender, civil status, education level, smoking habit, severity (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), comorbidities (Charlson), history of severe exacerbations, dyspnoea (mMRC), BODEx, EuroQol 5 D and depression (HAD). Logistic regression was used to determine the association of diabetes with risk of hospital admission and death. Results Prevalence of diabetes was 25.8%. During the second year of follow up, 18.2% of patients with COPD and diabetes were admitted for exacerbation, in comparison with 8.9% non-diabetic COPD patients. The variables associated with hospital admission were diabetes (ORa=1.54); gender (men, ORa=1.93); age (ORa=1.02); number of hospital admissions during the previous year: 1 (ORa=2.83) or more than one admission (ORa=4.08); EuroQol 5 D (ORa=0.76) and BODEx (ORa=1.24). With the exclusion of BODEx, all these variables were associated with a higher risk of death. Conclusion Prevalence of diabetes is high in patients suffering from COPD. COPD patients with diabetes are at higher risk of severe exacerbation and death. The suggested predictive model could identify patients at higher risk so that adequate preventive and therapeutic measures can be implemented.

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Tegen, I., B. Heinold, M. Todd, J. Helmert, R. Washington, and O. Dubovik. "Modelling soil dust aerosol in the Bodélé depression during the BoDEx campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 4345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4345-2006.

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Abstract. We present regional model simulations of the dust emission events during the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx) that was carried out in February and March 2005 in Chad. A box model version of the dust emission model is used to test different input parameters for the emission model, and to compare the dust emissions computed with observed wind speeds to those calculated with wind speeds from the regional model simulation. While field observations indicate that dust production occurs via self-abrasion of saltating diatomite flakes in the Bodélé, the emission model based on the assumption of dust production by saltation and using observed surface wind speeds as input parameters reproduces observed dust optical thicknesses well. Although the peak wind speeds in the regional model underestimate the highest wind speeds occurring on 10–12 March 2005, the spatio-temporal evolution of the dust cloud can be reasonably well reproduced by this model. Dust aerosol interacts with solar and thermal radiation in the regional model; it is responsible for a decrease in maximum daytime temperatures by about 5 K at the beginning the dust storm on 10 March 2005. This direct radiative effect of dust aerosol accounts for about half of the measured temperature decrease compared to conditions on 8 March. Results from a global dust model suggest that the dust from the Bodélé is an important contributor to dust crossing the African Savannah region towards the Gulf of Guinea and the equatorial Atlantic, where it can contribute up to 40% to the dust optical thickness.

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Tegen, I., B. Heinold, M. Todd, J. Helmert, R. Washington, and O. Dubovik. "Modelling soil dust aerosol in the Bodélé depression during the BoDEx campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 3 (2006): 4171–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-4171-2006.

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Abstract. We present regional model simulations of the dust emission events during the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx) that was carried out in February and March 2005 in Chad. A box model version of the dust emission model is used to test different input parameters for the emission model, and to compare the dust emissions computed with observed wind speeds to those calculated with wind speeds from the regional model simulation. While field observations indicate that dust production occurs via self-abrasion of saltating diatomite flakes in the Bodélé, the emission model based on the assumption of dust production by saltation and using observed surface wind speeds as input parameters reproduces observed dust optical thicknesses well. Although the peak wind speeds in the regional model underestimate the highest wind speeds occurring on 10–12 March 2005, the spatio-temporal evolution of the dust cloud can be reasonably well reproduced by this model. Dust aerosol interacts with solar and thermal radiation in the regional model; it is responsible for a decrease in maximum daytime temperatures by about 5 K at the beginning the dust storm on 10 March 2005. This direct radiative effect of dust aerosol accounts for about half of the measured temperature decrease compared to conditions on 8 March. Results from a global dust model suggest that the dust from the Bodélé is an important contributor to dust crossing the African Savannah region towards the Gulf of Guinea and the equatorial Atlantic, where it can contribute up to 40% to the dust optical thickness.

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Haustein, K., C. Pérez, J. M. Baldasano, et al. "Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model – Part 2: Experimental campaigns in Northern Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 6 (2012): 2933–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2933-2012.

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Abstract. The new NMMB/BSC-Dust model is intended to provide short to medium-range weather and dust forecasts from regional to global scales. It is an online model in which the dust aerosol dynamics and physics are solved at each model time step. The companion paper (Pérez et al., 2011) develops the dust model parameterizations and provides daily to annual evaluations of the model for its global and regional configurations. Modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) was evaluated against AERONET Sun photometers over Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe with correlations around 0.6–0.7 on average without dust data assimilation. In this paper we analyze in detail the behavior of the model using data from the Saharan Mineral dUst experiment (SAMUM-1) in 2006 and the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx) in 2005. AOD from satellites and Sun photometers, vertically resolved extinction coefficients from lidars and particle size distributions at the ground and in the troposphere are used, complemented by wind profile data and surface meteorological measurements. All simulations were performed at the regional scale for the Northern African domain at the expected operational horizontal resolution of 25 km. Model results for SAMUM-1 generally show good agreement with satellite data over the most active Saharan dust sources. The model reproduces the AOD from Sun photometers close to sources and after long-range transport, and the dust size spectra at different height levels. At this resolution, the model is not able to reproduce a large haboob that occurred during the campaign. Some deficiencies are found concerning the vertical dust distribution related to the representation of the mixing height in the atmospheric part of the model. For the BoDEx episode, we found the diurnal temperature cycle to be strongly dependant on the soil moisture, which is underestimated in the NCEP analysis used for model initialization. The low level jet (LLJ) and the dust AOD over the Bodélé are well reproduced. The remaining negative AOD bias (due to underestimated surface wind speeds) can be substantially reduced by decreasing the threshold friction velocity in the model.

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Haustein, K., C. Pérez, J. M. Baldasano, et al. "Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model – Part 2: Experimental campaigns in Northern Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 11 (2011): 30273–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-30273-2011.

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Abstract. The new online NMMB/BSC-Dust model is intended to provide short to medium-range weather and dust forecasts from regional to global scales. The companion paper Pérez et al., 2011 develops the dust model parameterizations and provides daily to annual evaluations of the model for its global and regional configurations. Modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) was evaluated against AERONET Sun photometers over Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe with correlations around 0.6–0.7 on average without dust data assimilation. In this paper we analyze in detail the behavior of the model using data from the Saharan Mineral dUst experiment (SAMUM-1) in 2006 and the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx) in 2005. AOD from satellites and Sun photometers, vertically resolved extinction coefficients from lidars and particle size distributions at the ground and in the troposphere are used, complemented by wind profile data and surface meteorological measurements. All simulations were performed at the regional scale for the Northern African domain at the expected operational resolution of 25 km. Model results for SAMUM-1 generally show good agreement with satellite data over the most active Saharan dust sources. The model reproduces the AOD from Sun photometers close to sources and after long-range transport, and the dust size spectra at different height levels. At this resolution, the model is not able to reproduce a large haboob occurred during the campaign. Some deficiencies are found concerning the vertical distribution. The mixing height is underestimated which may be attributed to poor soil initial conditions. For the BoDEx period, particular attention is paid to understand the dust model behavior in relation with the low level jet (LLJ) in the Bodélé. The diurnal temperature cycle depends strongly on the soil moisture, which is underestimated in the NCEP analysis used for model initialization. The daily maximum surface wind speeds are underestimated up to 50% in some days even when using a more accurate soil moisture initialization. The dust plume over the Bodélé is well reproduced by the model and the reductions in the threshold friction velocity substantially reduce the negative AOD bias in the model due to wind speed underestimation. The LLJ is also well reproduced, which is remarkable given the rather poor model initialization with NCEP-FNL data.

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Todd, Martin C., Richard Washington, Srivatsan Raghavan, Gil Lizcano, and Peter Knippertz. "Regional Model Simulations of the Bodélé Low-Level Jet of Northern Chad during the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx 2005)." Journal of Climate 21, no. 5 (2008): 995–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1766.1.

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Abstract The low-level jet (LLJ) over the Bodélé depression in northern Chad is a newly identified feature. Strong LLJ events are responsible for the emission of large quantities of mineral dust from the depression, the world’s largest single dust source, and its subsequent transport to West Africa, the tropical Atlantic, and beyond. Accurate simulation of this key dust-generating atmospheric feature is, therefore, an important requirement for dust models. The objectives of the present study are (i) to evaluate the ability of regional climate models (RCMs) and global analyses/reanalyses to represent this feature, and (ii) to determine the driving mechanisms of the LLJ and its strong diurnal cycle. Observational data obtained during the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx 2005) are utilized for comparison. When suitably configured, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) RCM can represent very accurately many of the key features of the jet including the structure, diurnal cycle, and day-to-day variability. Surface winds are also well reproduced, including the peak winds, which activate dust emission. Model fidelity is, however, strongly dependent on the boundary layer parameterization scheme, surface roughness, and vertical resolution in the lowest layers. A model horizontal resolution of a few tens of kilometers is sufficient to resolve most of the key features of the LLJ, while in global analyses/reanalyses many features of the LLJ are not adequately represented. Idealized RCM simulations indicate that under strong synoptic forcing the surrounding orography of the Tibesti and Ennedi Mountains acts to focus the LLJ onto the Bodélé and to accelerate the jet by ∼40%. From the RCM experiments it is diagnosed that the pronounced diurnal cycle of the Bodélé LLJ is largely a result of varying eddy viscosity, with elevated heating/cooling over the Tibesti Mountains to the north as a second-order contribution.

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Hlapčić, Iva, Andrea Hulina-Tomašković, Marija Grdić Rajković, Sanja Popović-Grle, Andrea Vukić Dugac, and Lada Rumora. "Association of Plasma Heat Shock Protein 70 with Disease Severity, Smoking and Lung Function of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (2020): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103097.

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Extracellular heat shock protein 70 (eHsp70) might modulate immune responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the study was to explore eHsp70 concentration in stable COPD, its association with disease severity and smoking status as well as its diagnostic performance in COPD assessment. Plasma samples were collected from 137 COPD patients and 95 healthy individuals, and concentration of eHsp70 was assessed by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Enzo Life Science, Farmingdale, NY, USA). COPD patients were subdivided regarding airflow obstruction severity and symptoms severity according to the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) guidelines. eHsp70 concentration increased in COPD patients when compared to controls and increased with the severity of airflow limitation as well as symptoms burden and exacerbation history. eHsp70 concentration did not differ among COPD patients based on smoking status, yet it increased in healthy smokers compared to healthy nonsmokers. In addition, eHsp70 negatively correlated with lung function parameters forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC), and positively with COPD multicomponent indices BODCAT (BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, CAT score), BODEx (BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, previous exacerbations), CODEx (Charlson’s comorbidity index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, previous exacerbations) and DOSE (dyspnea, airflow obstruction, smoking status, previous exacerbations) With great predictive value (OR = 7.63) obtained from univariate logistic regression, eHsp70 correctly classified 76% of cases. eHsp70 is associated with COPD prediction and disease severity and might have the potential for becoming an additional biomarker in COPD assessment.

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Frota Neto, Eduardo Hugo, and Ana Maria Rudge. "Da perversão à expiação: uma mudança de perspectiva." Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental 12, no. 1 (2009): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47142009000100003.

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Neste trabalho é analisada a influência que a Medicina Legal teve na delimitação do conceito de perversão, e esboçada outra abordagem, que identifica o perverso com uma entidade do imaginário social cuja função é promover a coesão da coletividade em torno de e contra si - um bode expiatório. Busca-se deslocar a pesquisa em direção aos mecanismos e necessidades psíquicas e sociais que fomentam a psicodinâmica da expiação, ou o engendramento de bodes expiatórios.

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De Abajo Larriba, Ana Beatriz, Enrique Méndez Rodríguez, Javier González-Gallego, et al. "Estimación de la prevalencia de los fenotipos en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Estudio ADEPOCLE." Nutrición Hospitalaria 34, no. 1 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.995.

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Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de los fenotipos de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en la provincia de León.Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, transversal, multicéntrico (30 centros de salud de la provincia de León). Incluyó pacientes mayores de 35 años diagnosticados y tratados de EPOC. Variables a estudio: edad, sexo, hábitat, datos antropométricos, tabaquismo, espirometría posbroncodilatadora, disnea (mMRC), reagudizaciones, gravedad (índice Bodex), hospitalizaciones, tratamiento, seguimiento y caracterización del fenotipo (GesEOPC 2014). Los resultados se expresan con sus IC al 95,5%.Resultados: se incluyeron 833 pacientes, el 85,8% varones, edad media: 64,69 (53,66-75,61) años y 20,65 (4,47-36,8) años de evolución de la EPOC. El 86,67% (80,30-93,30) habían fumado. Prevalencia de fenotipos: 58,8% (55,2-61,9) no agudizador, 13,6% (11,3-16,3) FMEA, 10,8% (8,8-13,3) agudizador con enfisema y 16,7% (14,2-19,3) agudizador con bronquitis crónica, p < 0,05. En el fenotipo no reagudizador predominan las formas leves y son controlados por médicos de familia. En los agudizadores predominan las formas graves y el seguimiento es compartido por médicos de familia y neumólogos. Las reagudizaciones son más frecuentes en los fenotipos agudizadores con bronquitis crónica (40%), con enfisema (27%) y FMEA (23%), p = 0,004. Los fenotipos agudizadores con bronquitis crónica tienen una media de 6 reagudizaciones, 4 ingresos y 4 fármacos prescritos/año. Los fenotipos agudizadores con enfisema 5,7 reagudizaciones, 2,8 ingresos y 3,1 fármacos prescritos/año. Los FMEA 5 reagudizaciones, 1 ingreso y 2,6 fármacos prescritos/año, p < 0,001.Conclusiones: los fenotipos clínicos se postulan como dianas terapéuticas y pronósticas. Conocer su prevalencia permitirá una planificación terapéutica personalizada y mejor reasignación de recursos para el control y seguimiento de la EPOC.

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Soe, A. K., S. N. Avdeev, G. S. Nuralieva, V. V. Gaynitdinova, and A. G. Chuchalin. "Predictors of poor outcomes in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Russian Pulmonology 28, no. 4 (2018): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-4-446-452.

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The aimof this study was to identify predictors of poor outcomes in patients hospitalized for severe acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).Methods. This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted in Pulmonology Department of a city hospital in 2015 – 2016 and involved patients hospitalized for severe AECOPD. Patients were divided according to outcomes. Poor outcomes included at least one of the followings: the need in invasive (IMV) or non-invasive (NIV) ventilation, admission to ICU, in-hospital death and COPD- related readmission during 2 months. Demographic, clinical, laboratory parameters, pulmonary function tests and blood gas analysis were analyzed; different multidimensional prognostic scores were also evaluated and compared.Results. Of 121 patients included, a poor outcome had occurred in 45 patients (37%). Among them, NIV was required in 21 (17%), IMV in 8 (6%), and admission to ICU in 16 patients (13%); death was registered in 6 patients (5%) and readmission in 27 (22%) of the patients. Patients with poor outcomes were admitted more frequently by ambulance (62% vs 40%; p = 0.003), more often were admitted to a hospital for AECOPD in the previous year (69% vs 45%; p = 0.0006), and had lower pH (p = 0.001), lower PaO2 (p = 0.001), higher PaCO2 (p = 0.001), and a worse score on several prognostic scales such as APACHE II (13.9 ± 5.4 vs 7.8 ± 3.6; p = 0.001), DECAF (2.4 ± 0.6 vs 1.5 ± 0.6; p = 0.001), BODEx (5.6 ± 1.8 vs 3.9 ± 1.1; p = 0.001), DOSE (2.9 ± 1.5 vs 2.2 ± 1.2; p = 0.029), and ADO (4.9 ± 1.5 vs 4.3 ± 1.3; p = 0.015) at admission. They more frequently received O2 therapy (87% vs 46%; p = 0.001) and had longer hospital stay (19.2 ± 6.2 days vs 12.5 ± 1.8 days; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Hypercapnia, hypoxemia and worse prognostic scores on admission predicted poor outcome in patients hospitalized for AECOPD during the previous year.

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Pimenta Filho, Edgard Cavalcanti, José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento, and Maria Norma Ribeiro. "Efeitos genéticos e ambientais que afetam a produção de leite e duração da lactação de cabras mestiças no estado da Paraíba." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 33, no. 6 (2004): 1426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982004000600009.

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Utilizaram-se dados de 689 lactações de 225 cabras Pardo Alpina x Gurguéia filhas de 18 bodes, controladas de 1988 a 1996, criadas na Fazenda Carnaúba, Taperoá-PB, com os objetivos de estudar os efeitos ambientais e estimar parâmetros genéticos para as características produção de leite (PL) e duração da lactação (DL). Os efeitos ambientais foram estimados por meio de um modelo estatístico que incluiu o efeito aleatório de bode, os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo, tipo de parto e idade da cabra ao parto e duração da lactação, para PL, como covariáveis. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por intermédio do programa MTDFREML, sob modelo animal, contendo os efeitos fixos e covariáveis utilizados no modelo anterior. As características foram influenciadas pelo efeito fixo de grupo contemporâneo. A idade da cabra influenciou apenas a característica PL. As médias obtidas para PL e DL foram 257,71 ± 54,73 kg e 185,56 ± 46,87 dias, respectivamente, equivalendo à produção média diária de 1,38 kg de leite/dia. As estimativas de herdabilidade e repetibilidade foram, respectivamente, de 0,23 e 0,35 para PL e 0,20 e 0,24 para DL. A correlação genética estimada entre as características foi de 0,96. Em razão de as herdabilidades das características serem de média magnitude e limitadas ao sexo, sugere-se o teste de progênie como método de seleção mais eficaz para os bodes.

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Meruje, Márcio, and José Maria Silva Rosa. "Sacrifício, rivalidade mimética e “bode expiatório” em R. Girard." Griot : Revista de Filosofia 8, no. 2 (2013): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v8i2.562.

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Tendo como ponto de partida a obra de René Girard, o presente artigo pretende apresentar a dimensão antropológica presente na obra deste autor, destacando a sua originalidade e novidade ao pensar o homem como animal socialmente desejante. A teoria mimética, como Girard a formula, pretende ser uma teoria que, colocando no centro da sua reflexão o desejo e a imitação, permita compreender como se estruturam as sociedades arcaicas e actuais, partindo de mecanismos marcadamente antropológicos, para afirmar que as sociedades se estruturam a partir do desejo, do sacrifício e da necessidade de existência de «bodes expiatórios». A partir deste pressuposto, o sacrifício é a primeira instituição humana, com a capacidade farmacológica de preservar a sociedade e de permitir a sua subsistência no tempo. A cultura, por seu lado, emerge a partir do desejo mimético; e o mecanismo do bode expiatório, mecanismo vitimário por excelência, regula a sociedade ao solucionar as suas tensões internas. Considerando estes três conceitos – sacrifício, desejo mimético e mecanismo do bode expiatório – este artigo expõe o modo como se relacionam estes conceitos. Apesar de constatar a sua presença e eficácia na história, Girard não os legitima de jure, desvelando o segredo da sua eficácia – a ignorância inocente das vítimas – que, paradoxalmente, persiste mesmo depois de denunciada nas suas escusas razões. Posto isto, perguntemo-nos: como proteger o homem da sua própria violência?

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Rocha, Abdruschin Schaeffer, and Claudete Beise Ulrich. "A dessacralização da violência contra as mulheres no altar do patriarcado: reflexões a partir dos conceitos desejo mimético e bode expiatório em René Girard." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 12, no. 19 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v12i19.718.

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O presente texto reflete sobre a dessacralização da violência contra as mulheres no altar do patriarcado a partir dos conceitos desejo mimético e bode expiatório, expressos no pensamento de René Girard, na relação entre religião e violência. Ele não tratou, especificamente, em seus textos sobre a violência de gênero. No entanto, os conceitos por ele refletidos sobre desejo mimético e bode expiatório podem ser referenciais para entender a sacralização da violência contra as mulheres na sociedade patriarcal e machista brasileira. Uma forma de superar a perspectiva de bode expiatório, a partir do cristianismo, pode ser a releitura bíblica a partir das vítimas, das mulheres violentadas, buscando desconstruir o sistema religioso, machista e patriarcal. Neste sentido, a educação teológica, com referenciais analíticos de gênero na interseção com etnia/raça, classe social, geração e perspectiva feminista, torna-se fundamental no processo de desconstrução de leituras, discursos, práticas religiosas patriarcais, machistas violentas que promovem o desejo concorrente e a criação de bodes expiatórios.The present text reflects on the unsacralization of violence against women on the altar of patriarchy, based on the concepts mimetic desire and scapegoat, expressed in the thought of René Girard, in the relationship between religion and violence. He did not specifically address his writings on gender violence. However, the concepts he reflects on mimetic desire and scapegoat may be benchmarks for understanding the sacralization of violence against women in Brazilian patriarchal and macho society. One way to overcome the scapegoat perspective, starting with Christianity, may be to read the Bible from the victims perspective, from women who have been violated, seeking to deconstruct the religious, macho and patriarchal system. In this sense, theological education, with analytical gender references at the intersection with ethnicity/race, social class, generation and feminist perspective, becomes fundamental in the process of deconstruction of readings, discourses, patriarchal religious practices, violent sexists that promote desire competitor and the creation of scapegoats.

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Semmel, Arno. "Ein Lößprofil bei Lisieux (Normandie) und seine stratigraphische Parallelisierung mit Würmlössen in Hessen." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 45, no. 1 (1995): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.45.1.06.

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Abstract. Im Lößprofil der Ziegelei Glos bei Lisieux ist eine Abfolge fossiler Boden aufgeschlossen, die sich gut mit der hessischen Lößstratigraphie verbinden läßt. Über dem letztinterglazialen Boden liegen nach einer Diskordanz der Lohner Boden, der E1-, der E2- und der E4-Naß-boden. Letzterer wird häufig als Äquivalent des „Sol de Kesselt" angesehen. Somit zeigt sich auch für dieses Gebiet, daß dieser Boden stratigraphisch nicht dem Lohner Boden entsprechen kann.

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Wiegand, Karl Wilhelm, Jochen Meinke, Erich Scheibler, and Michael Thiemann. "Eine neue Boden-zu-Boden-Berechnungsmethode." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 62, no. 11 (1990): 952–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330621122.

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Günzel, Stephan. "„Geschichtlicher Boden"." Phänomenologische Forschungen 2002, no. 1 (2002): 50–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000107862.

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van der Voort, Hans. "Dubbele bodem." Huisarts en wetenschap 53, no. 9 (2010): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03089266.

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Alder, Martin. "Edward Boden." Veterinary Record 189, no. 3 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.812.

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Aurand, Ute. "Bolexwerkstatt/Bolex-Workshop at the Berlin Film School." Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ) 9, no. 2 (2020): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/miraj_00041_1.

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In 2015 after I gave a two-week 16-mm Bolex Seminar at the Berlin Film School (dffb) an enthusiastic woman film student wanted to continue to work with the Bolex. So I proposed a Bolex-Workshop for all interested film students, no matter if they study directing, camera, production, editing or scriptwriting. They would work by themselves without a team, without actors, without scriptwriting and without technical devises, only with the silent Bolex camera. Simple and alone. The administration agreed to my idea and twenty students attended the first meeting in March 2015.

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Nüske, St, A. M. Scholz, M. Förster, and P. V. Kremer. "Elastischer Boden für Kühe im Laufstall – Auswirkungen auf Klauengesundheit und Milchleistung im Vergleich zu Betonspaltenboden." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 36, no. 06 (2008): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623862.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Über den gesamten Laktationsverlauf sollte der Einfluss elastischen Bodens im Laufstall auf Klauengesundheit und Milchleistung von Kühen überprüft werden. Material und Methoden: 49 F1-Kreuzungskühe der Rassen Deutsche Holsteins und Deutsches Fleckvieh wurden in 53 Laktationen beobachtet. Die Untersuchung begann individuell 21 d a. p. (M1) und endete 305 d p. p. (M3). Bei M1, am Tag 150 p. p. (M2) und bei M3 wurden die Klauen der Tiere vermessen, gepflegt und Befunde erfasst. Die Milchmengen- und Aktivitätsmessung erfolgte über ein automatisches Melksystem. Ergebnisse: Die Messungen am Hornschuh ergaben bei M2 und M3 eine signifikante Verlängerung der Klaue, Zuspitzung des Klauenspitzenwinkels und Vergrößerung des Ballenwinkels bei Tieren auf elastischem Boden im Vergleich zu Kühen auf Betonboden. Zudem wiesen auf elastischem Boden gehaltene Tiere bei M2 eine deutlich höhere Inzidenz von Sohlengeschwüren auf. Die Milchmengenmessung zeigte keine Leistungsunterschiede, die tägliche Aktivität der Tiere war auf elastischem Boden signifikant höher. Schlussfolgerungen: Elastischer Boden im Laufstall reduziert den Hornabrieb der Klaue. Die erhöhte Aktivität spricht für ein höheres Maß an Kuhkomfort auf elastischem Boden, eine Leistungssteigerung durch den Boden ist nicht zu erwarten. Klinische Relevanz: Elastische Bodenbeläge erhöhen den Kuhkomfort. Um einer Verschlechterung des Klauenstatus einer Herde vorzubeugen, sollten die Klauen mindestens alle 6 Monate geschnitten werden.

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22

Chouraqui, Frank. "Merleau-Ponty and the Order of the Earth." Research in Phenomenology 46, no. 1 (2016): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691640-12341328.

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In this essay, I reconstruct Merleau-Ponty’s implicit critique of Husserl in his lectures on Husserl’s concept of the earth as Boden or ground. Against Husserl, Merleau-Ponty regards the earth seen as pure Boden as an idealization. He emphasizes the ontological necessity for the earth as Boden to always hypostasize itself into the Copernican concept of earth as object. In turn, Merleau-Ponty builds this necessity into an essential feature of being, allowing himself to retrieve ontology itself from its status as external to being, and to make room for it within the structure of being: ontology is one of the ways in which experiences (such as that of the earth as Boden) become objectified, thereby allowing being to achieve its essential movement of hypostatization.

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23

Santos, Anselmo Domingos Ferreira, Ciro Alexandre Alves Torres, Jeferson Ferreira da Fonseca, et al. "Parâmetros reprodutivos de bodes submetidos ao manejo de fotoperíodo artificial." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35, no. 5 (2006): 1926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982006000700007.

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Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar parâmetros reprodutivos (comportamento sexual, perímetro escrotal e aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos do sêmen) de bodes (jovens e adultos) das raças Alpina e Saanen submetidos ao manejo de fotoperíodo artificial (16 horas de luz e 8 horas de escuro durante dois meses). Os animais jovens demonstraram maior libido que os adultos, considerando-se o menor tempo de reação. Houve variação na freqüência de manifestação das características comportamentais, tanto entre raças quanto entre idades, e, em todas essas características, foi verificada maior intensidade para os animais adultos. Bodes Alpinos apresentaram menor perímetro escrotal que os bodes Saanen na mesma idade. O perímetro escrotal aumentou de 30,53 cm no período 1 (primeiros 15 dias após o final do manejo com fotoperíodo artificial) para 31,53 cm no período 2 (restante do experimento). Bodes Alpinos produziram sêmen de melhor qualidade que os Saanen de mesmo grupo de idade. Bodes das raças Alpina e Saanen criados nas condições deste experimento são sensíveis (sensibilidade mais pronunciada em animais adultos). Quanto aos parâmetros reprodutivos avaliados, às variações sazonais ao longo do ano.

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24

Marcus, August. "Boden und Baumwolle." Bodenkunde und Pflanzenernährung 29, no. 1 (2007): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19430290110.

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25

Timothy, Dallen J., and Richard W. Butler. "Cross-boder shopping." Annals of Tourism Research 22, no. 1 (1995): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00052-t.

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26

Nielsen, Philipp. "„Blut und Boden“." Geschichte und Gesellschaft 39, no. 1 (2013): 35–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/gege.2013.39.1.35.

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27

Thalmayr, Maria. "An Boden gewinnen." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 20, no. 04 (2015): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1577703.

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Der ideale elastische Bodenbelag gibt keine Giftstoffe an die Raumluft ab, ist hygienisch und leicht zu reinigen, robust, rutschsicher und angenehm zu begehen. Er dämmt Trittschall, ist schön anzusehen, dabei auch noch wirtschaftlich und am besten kompostierbar. Noch gibt es diesen Boden nicht. Aber es gibt bessere und schlechtere.

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28

Kloetzel, C. Z. "Fünf Dunam Boden." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 15, sup2 (1995): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439689508604561.

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29

Wildner, Manfred. "Wasser, Boden, Luft." Das Gesundheitswesen 81, no. 05 (2019): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0893-5140.

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Schon das Hippokratische Gesamtwerk beschäftigt sich mit „Luft, Wasser und Ortslage/Boden“ als Determinanten der Gesundheit 1. Eine Einteilung, welche die Jahrhunderte überdauert hat, z. B. als die von Johann Peter Frank geforderten „Medizinischen Topographien“, Vorläufer der heutigen Gesundheitsberichte 2. Die 1923 so (um)benannte Preußische Landesanstalt für „Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene“ („WaBoLu“) trug diesen Dreiklang nach Eingliederung als Institut in das Bundesgesundheitsamt weiter im Namen. Erst nach Eingliederung in das Umweltbundesamt (UBA) verlor sich dieser Dreiklang – nominal, nicht inhaltlich. Dort ist die Aufbauorganisation inzwischen unter Aspekten wie Nachhaltigkeit u. a. (öko)systemisch neu geordnet.

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30

Lucks, U. J. "Boden- und Grundwasserkontamination." Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 3, no. 2 (1991): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02940385.

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31

Römbke, Jörg, Christa Bauer, and Annette Marschner. "Chemikalien im Boden." Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 8, no. 3 (1996): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02939301.

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32

Mohr, M. "Hochleistungsmedizin am Boden." Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 10, no. 3 (2007): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10049-007-0907-6.

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33

Schlüter, Rolf. "An Boden verloren." Versicherungsmagazin 57, no. 12 (2010): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03245750.

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34

Kalmbach, S. "Luftverunreinigungen und Boden." Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 105, no. 1 (1986): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02741694.

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35

Löhr, Dirk, Norbert Olah, and Thomas Huth. "Boden, der vergessene Produktionsfaktor." Wirtschaftsdienst 101, no. 3 (2021): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-021-2877-6.

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ZusammenfassungIn der seit 2009 andauernden Niedrigzinsphase ging der Anteil der Kapitaleinkommen am Volkseinkommen zurück. Da sich der Anteil des Faktors Arbeit nicht wesentlich veränderte, gewann der Produktionsfaktor Boden an Bedeutung. In der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung spiegelt sich dies jedoch nicht wider, da der Boden dort nicht gesondert ausgewiesen wird. Mithilfe des Henry-George-Theorems wird versucht, eine Methode zu entwickeln, die den Anteil des Faktors Boden quantifiziert. Der explizite Ausweis des Bodeneinkommens in der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung könnte dazu beitragen, die Rolle dieses vernachlässigten Faktors zu korrigieren.

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36

Finger, Wilfried, and Horst Klamberg. "Wechselwirkungen zwischen Boden-Huminstoffen und Metall-Ionen III. Komplexbildung von Boden-Huminsäuren und Boden-Fulvosäuren mit Metall-Ionen." Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 156, no. 1 (1993): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19931560104.

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37

Da Silva, Juliana Roberto Gomes, Thiago Brasileiro De Vasconcelos, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena, et al. "Análise do índice BODE em pacientes com DPOC severa submetidos a um programa de reabilitação pulmonar." Journal of Health & Biological Sciences 1, no. 3 (2013): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v1i3.30.p108.2013.

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Introdução: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é classificada atualmente como importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo e está associada a importantes manifestações sistêmicas. O body mass index airway obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity (BODE) é um índice prognóstico de mortalidade mais utilizado atualmente, pois avalia as manifestações respiratórias e sistêmicas da DPOC. Objetivo: Analisar, através do índice de BODE, os pacientes com DPOC severa participantes de um Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar. Metodologia: Estudo documental, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Analisou-se o índice BODE e suas relações com outras variáveis fisiológicas. A amostra foi composta por 29 prontuários do Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar, e investigaram-se os seguintes registros: idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal, VEF1, índice de dispneia modificada, Teste de caminhada de seis minutos, SF-36 e do índice BODE. Resultados: Dos pacientes analisados, 48,3% (n = 14) eram do sexo feminino e 51,7% (n = 15) masculino; idade 66 ± 8,8 anos; IMC 25,1 ± 4,4 kg/m². Verificaram-se as seguintes diferenças VEF1 0,98 ± 0,4 e 0,95 ± 0,3 (p = 0,26); MRC 2,40 ± 1,0 e 1,76 ± 0,6 (p = 0,005); BODE 4,0 ± 1,7 e 3,29 ± 1,1 (p = 0,009); TC 6min 404,58 ± 110,4 e 439,96 ± 97,3 (p = 0,02) antes e após o Programa de Reabilitação respectivamente. A correlação entre o índice BODE e o TC6’ foi r = -0,51 e do índice BODE e VEF1 foi r = -0,81. Conclusão: Pode-se inferir que o Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar modificou, de forma significativa, o índice de BODE influenciando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

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38

Zakosek, Heinrich, and Harald Zepp. "Wasser- und Stoffbewegung in Boden und Untergrund." Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins 70 (April 5, 1988): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/70/1988/335.

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39

Hachicha, Tarek, Bettina Smykatz-Kloss, and Werner Smykatz-Kloss. "Experiments on the cryodynamics of loose sediments and soils." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 48, no. 3 (2004): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/48/2004/343.

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40

Supriyana, Isep, Faisal Yunus, Budhi Antariksa, and Aria Kekalih. "Longitudinal Study Of BODE Index As Predictive Factor of COPD In Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta." Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 39, no. 4 (2019): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v39i4.75.

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Background: The BODE index is generally used for predicting mortality risk of COPD patients. The BODE index included the body mass index, degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1), dyspnea (MMRC questionnaire), and exercise capacity (6-minute walk test). Exacerbation of COPD associated with decreased health related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL has become an important outcome in respiratory patients as proved by St.George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). This study aim to find the correlation between BODE index with exacerbation and quality of life of COPD patients. We hypothesized that the higher BODE index score, the more frequent exacerbation occurrence and HRQoL decreased. Methods: Prospective cohort study of COPD patients was conducted in Persahabatan Hospital in November 2010 till June 2011. This study assessed the BODE index (at baseline) and followed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Patient were also examined with SGRQ at baseline and followed at 6 and 12 months. We monitored the occurrence of exacerbation every month by telephone, observed their medical record, or visited the COPD’s clinic and emergency departement. Results: Eighty-five patients were examined at baseline with mean of BODE index 4.29 and SGRQ total score 41.42%. After one year follow up 52 patients have completed examination, 29 patients have not complete examination and 4 patients died. Using t-test analysis the correlation of BODE index between single and frequent exacerbation was significant (P

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41

Otto, Kristin. "Beyond Compare: Art from Africa in the Bode Museum." Museum Anthropology Review 13, no. 1 (2019): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/mar.v13i1.26579.

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42

Buijs, Frank, Froukje Demant, and Atef Hamdy. "Strijders van eigen bodem." AGORA Magazine 23, no. 1 (2007): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v23i1.9997.

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43

Stiefelhagen, Peter. "Handwerk hat goldenen Boden." Pneumo News 11, no. 2 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15033-019-1161-6.

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44

Stellbrink-Kesy, Barbara. "Familiengeschichte mit doppeltem Boden." Psychiatrische Pflege 3, no. 4 (2018): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/2297-6965/a000191.

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45

Ross, IG. "Alexander Boden 1913-1993." Historical Records of Australian Science 11, no. 4 (1996): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr9971140523.

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46

Yang, U. K., and A. Bodek. "Yang and Bodek Reply:." Physical Review Letters 84, no. 23 (2000): 5456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.5456.

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47

Häberli, R. "Boden, ein kostbares Gut?" Geographica Helvetica 46, no. 2 (1991): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-46-82-1991.

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48

Xylander, Willi, Ricarda Lehmitz, Karin Hohberg, Birgit Lang, and David J. Russell. "Boden - ein unterschätzter Lebensraum." Biologie in unserer Zeit 45, no. 6 (2015): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201510580.

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49

Beck, Erwin. "In Grund und Boden." Biologie in unserer Zeit 45, no. 6 (2015): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201590091.

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50

Nöltner, Thomas, and Kay Rahtkens. "Der Boden im Wirkungskataster." Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 8, no. 1 (1996): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02937573.

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