Journal articles on the topic 'Boards'
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1
Farrell, Michael L. "The Effect of State Medical Board Action on ABMS Specialty Board Certification." Journal of Medical Regulation 105, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-105.2.33.
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ABSTRACT State medical board action that is deemed a restriction by an ABMS specialty board can result in a loss of board certification, impacting a physician's ability to practice, and frustrating a medical board's efforts to rehabilitate the physician and improve the quality of care provided to patients. State medical boards have difficulty predicting what types of actions constitute a restriction by a specialty board and imposing appropriate discipline because specialty boards use varying criteria to evaluate state medical board action. ABMS specialty boards experience frustration of their own when attempting to interpret actions from 70 separate state medical boards, each governed by its own laws and using its own nomenclature. This article summarizes the inconsistency of both specialty boards and state medical boards, describes the efforts to resolve this issue, and proposes a series of steps that will bring a higher degree of predictability to this process and meet the needs of all stakeholders.
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Cindrić, Lana. "Supervisory Board’s Contribution to Corporate Strategy: Evidence from Croatian Companies." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0004.
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Abstract The main objective of this paper is to expand understanding of how supervisory boards contribute to corporate strategy. Using a sample of supervisory boards of Croatian listed companies, in this paper we investigate: (1) the overall level of supervisory boards involvement in corporate strategy, and (2) how are supervisory board’s structural attributes related to the intensity of strategic involvement. Our results indicate that supervisory boards indeed have an active role in shaping and supporting the corporate strategy. Strategic activities that supervisory boards most often execute are authorizing strategic decisions proposed by the management board and crisis management activities.
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Paul, Donna L. "Board Composition and Corrective Action: Evidence from Corporate Responses to Bad Acquisition Bids." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 42, no. 3 (September 2007): 759–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000004178.
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AbstractThis study investigates the role of corporate boards following large declines in share value surrounding acquisition announcements. The results indicate that firms with independent boards are less likely to complete these value-decreasing bids, suggesting that boards influence corporate responses to information in stock prices. Board independence is also associated with unusually high frequencies of asset restructuring for bids that are completed, suggesting that independent boards promote restructuring in mergers the market believes are difficult to integrate. These results complement existing evidence on the board's exante role in averting bad outcomes by showing that independent boards intervene following value-decreasing events.
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Eulerich, Marc, and Markus Stiglbauer. "Supervisory boards and their new role as a strategic business coach: opening the German black box of upper echelons." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 3 (2012): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3c3art1.
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The board’s work is one of the most often discussed corporate governance mechanisms. Nevertheless, the board’s work often is considered a black box or a closed circle, too. The traditional view on German supervisory boards’ tasks within the two-tier system is the one as as a past-oriented supervisor of the management board. In light of the current financial crisis, the call for a general role transfer of German supervisory boards to pro-active, future-oriented/strategic business coaching is getting louder. An empirical study opening the German black box of upper echelons investigates if or/and how such a role transfer has already was carried out. Findings reveal that supervisory boards now actively advice the management board to build up and monitor strategic goals and react immediately case of evidence of a crisis. Moreover, supervisory boards do not longer exclusively consider financial key data but also qualitative data on human resources (e.g. skills/know-how) and sustainability issues (e.g. stakeholder integration) when evaluating strategies.
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Mlay, Lilian, Sylvia Temu, and Lucas Mataba. "Influence of Board Attributes on Board Roles Performance in Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOS) in Tanzania." Business Management Review 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/bmrj.v25i1.6.
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This paper reports the findings of a study that had evaluated the influence of board attributes size, gender diversity, skills and meetings on board’s role performance in terms of strategic, resource provision and monitoring roles in SACCOS, Tanzania. Data on the boards’ roles were collected using a questionnaire survey administered to 198 SACCOS boards’ chairpersons. Data for board’s attributes were obtained from annual audited financial reports. Data were then subjected to factor analysis and linear regression models. The results show that board meetings have a positive and significant influence on the boards’ ability to perform strategic, resource provision and monitoring roles. The study further shows that board financial skills have positive and significant effect on strategic and monitoring roles. Impliedly, having a financial skill director on board parallel with board meetings help to stimulate active participation of board members in executing their roles. No evidence, however, was found on the effect of board size and board gender diversity on the board roles’ performance. Thus, the study suggests that financial skills of members needs high prioritization in the election of board members to boost efficiency in performing their board roles. Also, regular board meetings for worthy strategies settings, advice and effective monitoring of the SACCOS.
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Bettinelli, Cristina. "Boards of Directors in Family Firms: An Exploratory Study of Structure and Group Process." Family Business Review 24, no. 2 (May 10, 2011): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486511402196.
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Offering an integrated approach, this study examines the relationship between board composition and board processes in Italian family businesses. The potential beneficial effects of outside board members on board processes such as effort norms, cohesiveness, and use of knowledge and skills are highlighted. Using a sample of 90 family business directors, it was found that boards with outside directors are perceived as more committed to the board’s tasks (i.e., higher effort norms) and more cohesive. Boards of older companies with outside directors are percevied as more capable of using knowledge and skills.
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Sandra Alves. "Accounting Conservatism and Board Characteristics: Portuguese Evidence." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 1346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.4305.2021.
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For a sample of 26 non-financial listed Portuguese firms-year from 2002 to 2016, this study extends previous research by empirically examining how board structure affects the magnitude of accounting conservatism for companies listed in Portugal. Mainly, we focus on the main characteristics of the board structure that are highlighted by the Portuguese Securities Market Supervisory Authority’s recommendations: board size, board composition, board’s monitoring committees and number of board meeting. This study predicts and finds a non-linear relationship between board size and conservatism. Specifically, we find that as board size increases up to 8 members, the sample firms employ more conservatism, consistent with the idea that smaller boards can be more effective than larger boards in monitoring managerial behaviour. When board size reaches beyond 8 members, a negative relationship between board size and conservatism accounting occurs. We also find that both boards comprised of more non-executive members and high board meetings frequency lead firms to report more conservatively.
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Brown, Jill A., Ann Buchholtz, Marcus M. Butts, and Andrew J. Ward. "Board Socio-Cognitive Decision-Making and Task Performance Under Heightened Expectations of Accountability." Business & Society 58, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 574–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650316675597.
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This study examines how heightened expectations of board responsibility and accountability affect the socio-cognitive decision-making of boards and their collective task performance. Using data from the directors of 60 boards who served before and after the enactment of Sarbanes–Oxley, this study provides insight into the potential negative impact that this tightened accountability environment can have on a board’s task performance. Examining several socio-cognitive elements of board decision-making, board authority is found to have a positive main effect on board task performance, while relative CEO power and affective conflict have curvilinear relationships with board task performance. Cohesiveness also moderates the relationship between a board’s perceived uncertainty and affective conflict with board task performance. In sum, the model shows how a new era of director accountability can affect the social cognitions of board decision-making that underlie board task performance.
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Wahab, Razak, Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat, Hashim W. Samsi, Mohd Tamizi Mustafa, and Siti Marlia Mohd Don. "Assessing the Suitability of Agro-Waste from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Quality Eco-Composite Boards." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n8p237.
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The properties of eco-composite boards from agro-waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches were studied. The oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) obtained from a private oil palm plantation. By using fibre cutter and particle crusher, these EFB refined. Hardeners and wax added at 1% and 3% during the mixing process. Boards with densities of 500, 600 and 700 kg/m3 produced using resin urea formaldehyde as the bonding agent at 10, 12 and 14%. The boards conditioned in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2 °C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. The EN Standards specifications applied in the preparation of test samples and testing. Results showed the highest modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) achieved in this study were 22.91 N/mm2 and 2059.56 N/mm2. The internal bonding was found to be at 0.98 N/mm2, and 467.47 N/mm2 and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively for the edge and face screw withdrawal. Boards with 700 kg/m3 density and 14% resin content met the requirement of standard specifications. Scanning electron microscopy machine used to study the resin-fibre bonding property. Resin and fibre in the board inspected carefully, and voids appeared at the cross-section of the board with density 500 kg/m3 at 10% resin suggesting moisture penetrated into the board via the open spaces and weakened the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have low properties. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates maximum rate of decomposition for the EFB boards occurred at 380.83 °C. This study shows that the board’s density and resin content applied influence on the board’s overall properties with boards produced at 700 kg/m3 density with 14% resin content showed excellent overall properties with good dimensional stability.
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Bismark, Marie M., Simon J. Walter, and David M. Studdert. "The role of boards in clinical governance: activities and attitudes among members of public health service boards in Victoria." Australian Health Review 37, no. 5 (2013): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13125.
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Objectives To determine the nature and extent of governance activities by health service boards in relation to quality and safety of care and to gauge the expertise and perspectives of board members in this area. Methods This study used an online and postal survey of the Board Chair, Quality Committee Chair and two randomly selected members from the boards of all 85 health services in Victoria. Seventy percent (233/332) of members surveyed responded and 96% (82/85) of boards had at least one member respond. Results Most boards had quality performance as a standing item on meeting agendas (79%) and reviewed data on medication errors and hospital-acquired infections at least quarterly (77%). Fewer boards benchmarked their service’s quality performance against external comparators (50%) or offered board members formal training on quality (53%). Eighty-two percent of board members identified quality as a top priority for board oversight, yet members generally considered their boards to be a relatively minor force in shaping the quality of care. There was a positive correlation between the size of health services (total budget, inpatient separations) and their board’s level of engagement in quality-related activities. Ninety percent of board members indicated that additional training in quality and safety would be ‘moderately useful’ or ‘very useful’. Almost every respondent believed the overall quality of care their service delivered was as good as, or better than, the typical Victorian health service. Conclusions Collectively, health service boards are engaged in an impressive range of clinical governance activities. However, the extent of engagement is uneven across boards, certain knowledge deficits are evident and there was wide agreement among board members that further training in quality-related issues would be useful. What is known about the topic? There is an emerging international consensus that effective board leadership is a vital element of high-quality healthcare. In Australia, new National Health Standards require all public health service boards to have a ‘system of governance that actively manages patient safety and quality risks’. What does this paper add? Our survey of all public health service Boards in Victoria found that, overall, boards are engaged in an impressive range of clinical governance activities. However, tensions are evident. First, whereas some boards are strongly engaged in clinical governance, others report relatively little activity. Second, despite 8 in 10 members rating quality as a top board priority, few members regarded boards as influential players in determining it. Third, although members regarded their boards as having strong expertise in quality, there were signs of knowledge limitations, including: near consensus that (additional) training would be useful; unfamiliarity with key national quality documents; and overly optimistic beliefs about quality performance. What are the implications for practitioners? There is scope to improve board expertise in clinical governance through tailored training programs. Better board reporting would help to address the concern of some board members that they are drowning in data yet thirsty for meaningful information. Finally, standardised frameworks for benchmarking internal quality data against external measures would help boards to assess the performance of their own health service and identify opportunities for improvement.
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Zink, Sheldon, Laura Kimberly, and Stacey Wertlieb. "The Institutional Review Board and Protecting Human Subjects: 10 Frequently Asked Questions." Progress in Transplantation 15, no. 3 (September 2005): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480501500315.
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It is essential that anyone involved in research involving human subjects be familiar with the purpose and role of institutional review boards. Institutional review boards are designed, first and foremost, to protect human research subjects by overseeing the implementation of federal regulations regarding protection of human subjects. The federal government requires institutional review board approval for any human subject research that receives federal funding, and many scholarly journals require proof of institutional review board approval of the research before publication. In this article, the answers to 10 frequently asked questions about the role of institutional review boards highlight the important contributions made by institutional review boards to the conduct of ethically sound research. The aim is to generate a working knowledge of the institutional review board's function that can be used by every researcher contemplating working with human research subjects. This is the first in a series of 3 articles examining common issues in research ethics.
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Cullinan, Charles P., Lois Mahoney, and Pamela B. Roush. "Entrenchment vs long-term benefits: classified boards and CSR." Journal of Global Responsibility 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-11-2018-0063.
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PurposeAlthough most corporate directors face reelection by shareholders each year, directors of companies with classified boards are elected for multiple-year terms. Classified boards may engender managerial entrenchment, which may make directors less responsive to shareholders’ interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Alternatively, classified boards may engender a longer-term focus, which could make the board more willing to engage in projects with longer-term benefits, such as CSR. This study aims to assess whether larger boards, with potentially more diverse voices, may be positively related to CSR, and a larger board may change the classified boards/CSR relationship.Design/method/approachThe authors examine the relationship between board type (companies with and without classified boards), board size and CSR for 4,489 firm-years (1,540 with classified boards and 2,949 without classified boards) from 2013 through 2015.FindingsThe authors find no difference in CSR strengths between companies with and without classified boards, but the authors do find that companies with classified boards have more CSR concerns than companies without classified boards. For all types of boards, a larger board size is associated with more CSR strengths and reduces the negative impact of having a classified board on CSR concerns.Practical implicationsClassified boards may be less responsive to shareholders’ preference for reduced company CSR concerns, but an increase in board size can mitigate this effect.Social implicationsClassified boards may weaken a company’s CSR performance.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to consider the relationship between classified board and CSR.
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Maity, Suman Kalyan, Anshit Chaudhary, and Animesh Mukherjee. "“Woman-Metal-White vs Man-Dress-Shorts”:Combining Social, Temporal and Image Signals to Understand Popularity of Pinterest Fashion Boards." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 13 (July 6, 2019): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v13i01.3235.
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Pinterest is a popular photo sharing website. Fashion is one the most popular and content generating category on this platform. Most of the popular fashion brands and designers use boards on Pinterest for showcasing their products. However, the characteristics of popular fashion boards are not well-known. These characteristics can be used for predicting popularity of a nascent board. Further, newly formed boards can organize their content in a way similar to the popular fashion boards to garner enhanced popularity. What properties on these fashion boards determine their popularity? Can these properties be systematically quantified? In this paper, we show how social, temporal and image signals can together help in characterizing the popular fashion boards. In particular, we study the sharing/borrowing behavior of pins and the image content characteristics of the fashion boards. We analyze the sharing behavior using social and temporal signals, and propose six novel yet simple metrics: originality score, retention coefficients, production coefficients, inter-copying time, duration of sharing and speed coefficients. We further study the image based content properties by extracting fashion, color and gender terms embedded in the pin images. We observe significant differences across the popular (highly followed or highly ranked by the experts) and the unpopular (less followed) boards. We then use these characteristic features to early predict the popularity of a board and achieve a high correlation of 0.874 with low RMSE value. Our key observation is that likes and repin retention coefficients are the most discriminatory factors of a board’s popularity apart from the usage of various color, gender and fashion terms.
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Rathlesberger, JH. "Role of state licensing boards." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 86, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-86-8-383.
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Some leaders of the profession and its educational components have voiced concern about changes under way in California and questioned whether the state board of podiatric medicine is acting appropriately. The author attempts to clarify the role of state licensing boards, developments in California, and the board's alignment with those calling for state licensing agencies to help lead reform of medical education.
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Heemskerk, Klaas. "The multidimensionality of conflict in supervisory boards in education in the Netherlands." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 48, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 549–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143219827302.
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This article aims to clarify the effects of conflicts on the task performance of supervisory boards in education. Management studies on conflicts on corporate boards sometimes find a positive effect and sometimes a negative effect on the performance of boards. These mixed findings are considered a result of the triggering of harmful personal conflicts through disagreements about process and content within boards. In order to gain more insight into the complex ways in which conflicts influence the effectiveness of supervisory boards in education, a multidimensional operationalisation of conflict has been designed, in which three different types of conflict – task, process and relationship conflict – are distinguished. Chairs of the executive boards of schools in the Netherlands (N = 300) were questioned via a survey on various conflict dimensions and their supervisory board’s task performance. The results of hierarchical regression analyses underscore the need for a multidimensional approach to conflicts on supervisory boards in education. Task conflict has a positive effect and relationship conflict a negative effect, while process conflict seems to have no significant effect on supervisory board effectiveness. Furthermore, task conflicts have a mitigating, rather than a triggering, effect on relationship conflicts. Supervisory boards in education should therefore not avoid substantive discussions on the differences of opinion among their members to be more effective.
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Sridach, Waranyou, Kevin T. Hodgson, and Mousa M. Nazhad. "Biodegradation and recycling potential of barrier coated paperboards." BioResources 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2007): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.2.179-192.
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Four commercial barrier coated boards (i.e., internally-sized uncoated board, one-side polyethylene coated board, double-side polyethylene coated board, and multilayer laminated board) were examined for biodegradation using a soil burial approach on a laboratory scale. It was observed that the base-boards were fully biodegradable in a matter of weeks or months, and the degradation process could be accelerated either by sample size modification or enrichment of the soil microbial population. Freezing pretreatment of boards or the fiber directionality of boards had no influence on the rate of degradation. The boards were also found to be recyclable following a simple procedure of re-slushing and screening. The base-boards became almost fully separated from the polyethylene coated material without any special pretreatment.
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Sherony, Bruce C. "The entrepreneurial director." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-10-02-2007-b005.
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The argument that the board of directors can be a helpful tool for entrepreneurships and small businesses derives from the rationale for using boards from both a macro and a micro perspective.Society depends on boards to provide overall checks and balances in the running of businesses.This could not be more evident from the role of the board in Enron’s collapse (U.S. Senate 2002). The boardʼs value to the entrepreneur is found in the application of the micro perspective.Two sets of recommendations are developed to formulate an improved model of directorship actions and behaviors. First, duties and responsibilities of the board of directors are expanded to help guide entrepreneurs.Second, five unique behavior patterns are then proposed that can be particularly helpful in carrying out the duties and activities of the board for guiding entrepreneurial success.
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Coletta, Carolina, and Roberto Arruda de Souza Lima. "Board of directors, performance and firm value in Brazilian listed state-owned enterprises." Brazilian Review of Finance 18, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v18n2.2020.80898.
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<p>This paper investigates the relationship between the board of directors' structure and firm performance and the value of Brazilian listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs), from 2002 to 2017, totaling 327 observations using an unbalanced panel data with fixed and random effects regressions. The evolution of corporate governance practices adopted by the boards is presented for this period, using a Board Structure Index (BSI). The results indicate a significant positive relation between the board's structure and firm performance, measured by ROE and ROA, and firm value, measured by Tobin's <em>q</em>. These findings are consistent with corporate governance literature, in the sense that the board's role of monitoring management reduces agency conflicts. The results also show an improvement in adopting corporate governance practice on Brazilian SOEs' boards over the last decade.</p>
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Degnan, Daniel D., John B. Hertig, Michael J. Peters, and James G. Stevenson. "Board of Pharmacy Practices Related to Medication Errors and Their Potential Impact on Patient Safety." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 31, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190017715562.
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State boards of pharmacy are generally responsible for the governance of the practice of pharmacy. While the regulatory process and methods for accomplishing this task may vary by state, all boards of pharmacy must address medication errors committed by pharmacists. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) has recommended that state boards of pharmacy implement best practices and enforcement actions that are aimed to promote patient safety and reduce medication errors. The current study was designed to identify and compare current corrective action practices among boards of pharmacy in response to medication errors. An electronic survey regarding board policies and anticipated board actions in response to hypothetical medication error scenarios was sent to boards of pharmacy for completion. Approximately 45% of pharmacy boards responded. Survey responses demonstrated that corrective actions and consequences were levied against pharmacists inconsistently among state boards. Corrective action plans and process improvement components were lacking in a majority of state board of pharmacy practices. Medication safety education for pharmacists and for members on boards of pharmacy was insufficient in many states. Responses to hypothetical error scenarios indicated that most board actions are educational and punitive in nature, rather than focusing on systems improvement.
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Wulandari, Febriana Tri, Kornelia Webliana B., Diah Permata Sari, Rima Vera Ningsih, and Raehanayati Raehanayati. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PAPAN LAMINASI BAMBU DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PRODUK KERAJINAN CUTTING BOARD DI DESA GONDANG KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA." SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i4.11267.
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ABSTRAKBambu sebagai produk papan laminasi saat ini pemanfaatannya masih terbatas sementara potensi bambu di Nusa Tenggara Barat cukup tinggi dimana bambu juga merupakan salah satu HHBK unggulan di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, papan laminasi bambu diaplikasikan menjadi bentuk kerajinan yang memberikan nilai ekonomis bagi masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk kerajinan yang diajarkan bagi kelompok tani adalah pembuatan cutting board dari papan laminasi bambu. Diharapkan dengan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan papan laminasi bambu dan aplikasinya sebagai cutting board akan memberikan lapangan kerja baru bagi masyarakat dan meningkatkan nilai jual bambu. Sasaran kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan papan laminasi dan aplikasinya sebagai cutting board adalah (1). Memberikan wawasan kepada masyarakat tentang teknik sederhana pembuatan papan laminasi bambu sebagai pengganti kayu, (2). Memberikan wawasan peluang usaha baru pada masyarakat, (3). Memberikan pembelajaran pembuatan cutting board dari papan laminasi bambu sebagai salah satu aplikasi papan laminasi. Kata kunci: papan laminasi; bambu; cutting board; kerajinan ABSTRACTCurrently, the utilization of bamboo as a laminated board product is still limited, while the potential of bamboo in West Nusa Tenggara is quite high where bamboo is also one of the leading NTFPs in West Nusa Tenggara. Based on the research that has been done, bamboo laminated boards are applied to form crafts that provide economic value for the community. One form of craft that is taught to farmer groups is the manufacture of cutting boards from bamboo laminated boards. It is hoped that by providing training on making bamboo laminated boards and their application as cutting boards, it will provide new jobs for the community and increase the selling value of bamboo. The targets of the training activities for the manufacture of laminated boards and their application as cutting boards are (1). Providing insight to the community about the simple technique of making bamboo laminated boards as a substitute for wood, (2). Providing insight into new business opportunities to the community, (3). Provide learning to make cutting boards from bamboo laminated boards as one of the applications of laminated boards Keywords: laminated boards; bamboo; cutting board; craft
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Serretta, Hyram, Mike Bendixen, and Margie Sutherland. "Core corporate governance dilemmas facing boards: a South African perspective." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 2 (August 22, 2011): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i2.276.
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Directors and boards face many challenges in terms of managing complexity. A key factor of success in practicing good corporate governance is the board’s ability to cope with paradox. The purpose of this research has been to explore the core corporate governance dilemmas facing boards. The investigation was qualitative in nature using the Delphi technique. Six core corporate governance dilemmas facing board members were identified one of which is not mentioned in the international literature. The findings should provide directors with an ability to identify the nature of the paradoxes they need to respond to.
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De Masi, Sara, Agnieszka Słomka-Gołębiowska, and Andrea Paci. "Women on boards and monitoring tasks: an empirical application of Kanter's theory." Management Decision 59, no. 13 (January 25, 2021): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2019-1450.
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PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between women on boards and board monitoring tasks depending on group categories identified in the Kanter's theory.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of the largest listed companies in Spain, Italy and France during the period 2007–2017, this study tests the effect of women's presence based on the following board categories: (1) skewed boards with a percentage of women that is less than 20%; (2) tilted boards with a percentage of women that ranges from 20% to 33%; (3) tilted boards with a percentage of women that is more than 33%; and (4) balanced boards with an equal or quasi-equal gender distribution. The authors use the case of the gender board quota regulation in different European Union countries.FindingsThe results suggest that tilted boards engage in stronger firm monitoring and that the effect of women on board monitoring tasks is positive and statistically significant when the percentage of female directors reaches the threshold of 33%.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of this study help policymakers identify the minimum threshold that quota regulations should mandate in order for boards to be effective.Originality/valueThis paper moves forward the ongoing debate about the effect of women on corporate boards, shifting the focus from the ratio or presence of female directors to the size of the group they form within the board. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to test Kanter's theory by investigating the relationship between women on boards and board monitoring.
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Baldenius, Tim, Xiaojing Meng, and Lin Qiu. "Biased Boards." Accounting Review 94, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52210.
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ABSTRACT We study a corporate board tasked with monitoring a firm's CEO and providing incrementally decision-relevant information. The board has both compensation and non-pecuniary incentives—we label the latter board bias. Friendly boards have muted information gathering incentives, but can more effectively engage in cheap talk communication with management. As a result, the direction of the optimal board bias is determined by the CEO's initial information advantage: the board should be weakly friendly if the CEO is endowed with precise information, and weakly antagonistic (to the CEO) otherwise. Aside from assembling a friendly board, another way for shareholders to foster CEO/board communication is by granting the CEO more equity. In general, we find board friendliness and CEO equity grants to be positively associated, in equilibrium. This provides an optimal contracting rationale for an empirical regularity often interpreted as friendly boards facilitating rent extraction.
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Bubeník, Jan, and Jiří Zach. "Hygrothermal Behaviour of Inorganic Binder-Based Board Materials." Solid State Phenomena 321 (July 26, 2021): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.321.157.
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Currently, the use of board materials as a material intended for the dry construction of building structure cladding in the building industry has become widespread. The most common types of board materials include wood-based boards (particle, fibre, laminated / plywood, oriented strand boards [OSB]), cement-bonded particleboards and gypsum plasterboards or gypsum fibre boards. In the case of board materials based on inorganic binders, these are most often represented by boards in which the fillers used are bonded by plaster or cement. Wood can then be used as filler, which is predominantly an assortment of inferior-quality trees or comes from a short rotation coppice, treated by various technological processes. Microstructure and material composition have the greatest influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The use of the boards in the internal or external environment is determined by their individual properties. Another indicator for the possible use of boards is the form of moisture with which the board comes into contact after installation into the structure. For the external environment, the boards have to withstand mainly liquid moisture; in contrast, in an internal environment, the boards come into contact mainly with air humidity. The diffusion properties of the individual products are also crucial for the overall design and use of the boards for structure cladding.
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GOROSHKO, Andrii, Igor KOVTUN, and Maryna ZEMBYTSKA. "IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF THE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ON-BOARD ELECTRONICS PRINTED BOARDS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 313, no. 5 (October 27, 2022): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-313-5-301-306.
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Electronic equipment of aircraft during operation is exposed to vibrations with a frequency of 20-2000 Hz and a vibration acceleration of up to 20g. Almost half of all failures of on-board equipment are caused by the negative impact of vibration. For effective vibration protection of the equipment during its design, a vibration analysis is carried out, recognizing resonance modes. The difficulty of modeling vibration processes in printed circuit boards lies in the deviation of calculated values of critical frequencies and values obtained experimentally with the help of shakers. The main reasons for this in the known analytical methods are the impossibility of fully accurate consideration of the concentrated masses and elastic-damping characteristics of individual electronic components of the board, its fasteners and device cases, which, in turn, leads to the appearance of coupled oscillations. The paper presents the results of vibration analysis by well-known analytical methods, numerical and experimental methods. It is shown that the accuracy of determining the natural frequencies and forms of board oscillations is significantly influenced by the geometric, inertial, and elastic-damping characteristics of the board components. The effectiveness of numerical modeling methods is demonstrated. When arranging massive components at the stage of designing the board, it is necessary to take into account that the natural frequency of the board depends on the position of its center of gravity and increases sharply when approaching the edge of the board. Boards with a small number of components have a lower critical frequency than their corresponding empty boards due to the increase in mass. Instead, boards densely filled with components have a higher natural frequency than empty boards due to increased stiffness. In order to increase the accuracy of the vibration analysis, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary analysis of the elastic and damping parameters of attaching the board to the case and the case itself.
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Bronzetti, Giovanni, Romilda Mazzotta, and Graziella Sicoli. "Governance, board diversity and firm value: The case of the Italian publicly listed firms." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 1 (2010): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i1c6p5.
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This paper investigates the relations firm on board diversity and firm value on a sample of Italian Publicly listed firm. Specifically, we look at the composition of boards (as defined board size, Majority of independent directors, leadership structure) and at his diversity (defined as the percentage of women and directors of other, average age of the board, other board’s member appointment). We provide evidence that board diversity positively affect performance.
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Nowland, John. "Measuring Board of Director Performance: An Overview and Future Research Opportunities1." Asian Journal of Accounting Research 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajar-2016-01-02-b001.
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This article provides a brief overview of the literature on board of director performance, highlighting the difficulties in attempting to directly measure the performance of boards of directors and how various studies have tackled this challenge. As an illustration, I show that two current measures of board of director performance, board meeting activity and director attendance, suggest that the boards of Asian firms do not compare favorably to the boards of firms from developed markets. Suggestions for future research on the performance of corporate boards are provided, as well as implications for board of director practices in Asia.
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Sorensen, Glorian, Jean Hsieh, Mary K. Hunt, Diane H. Morris, Donald R. Harris, and Gordon Fitzgerald. "Employee Advisory Boards as a Vehicle for Organizing Worksite Health Promotion Programs." American Journal of Health Promotion 6, no. 6 (July 1992): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-6.6.443.
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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe the “employee advisory board model” applied in the Treatwell program, a worksite nutrition intervention program. Design. The employee advisory boards of five of the seven intervention worksites participating in the Treatwell program were surveyed. Results were compared with results of employee surveys conducted in these five worksites. Setting. The five worksites included in this study are among 16 participating worksites from Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Subjects. Of the 95 board members represented in the five worksites, 88% responded to the survey. This article also presents results from the 698 respondents of the five intervention worksites where the board surveys were conducted. Intervention. The boards in each worksite participated in planning, promoting, and implementing this program in each worksite. Measures. Respondents to the board survey were asked about their participation on and satisfaction with the board and factors they thought contributed to its effectiveness. A survey of all employees included information on demographics and program participation. Results. Board members reported that they were highly satisfied with the board's functioning. Board member hours spent on Treatwell activities were directly related to the proportion of employees aware of the program. (r = .82). The boards' effectiveness was limited by conflicting priorities between the job and board responsibilities. Conclusion. The employee advisory board model povides promise for increasing worker awareness of worksite health promotion programs through enhanced worker ownership.
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Prior Jonson, Elizabeth, Linda McGuire, Sharif Rasel, and Brian Cooper. "Older boards are better boards, so beware of diversity targets." Journal of Management & Organization 26, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.81.
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AbstractThis study examined 130 Australian companies from the ASX 500 All Ordinaries between 2011 and 2015. We performed regression analysis on the effects of age of the board (mean age and age diversity) upon financial performance (measured by ROA and Tobin's Q). Controlling for board size, firm size and industry sector, we found that the average age of board members is positively associated with firm performance as measured by ROA. Boards with an older average age of directors perform better than boards with a younger average age. There was no significant relationship between age diversity as measured by the within-board standard deviation on the two performance measures. The primary focus of our study was age. However, an interesting concomitant finding is that the focus on increasing female representation on boards will lower the average age of a board (as female directors tend to be significantly younger than their male counterparts) and this may have an adverse impact on financial performance.
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Sanchez-Famoso, Valeriano, Jorge-Humberto Mejia-Morelos, and Luis Cisneros. "New Insights into Non-Listed Family SMEs in Spain: Board Social Capital, Board Effectiveness, and Sustainable Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030814.
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This study proposes an original structural model that analyzes the relationship between sustainable firm performance, and a board of directors’ external and internal social capital. Data collected in 232 non-listed and family-run small and medium-sized enterprises in Spain suggest that the effects of boards’ internal and external social capital on sustainable firm performance were partially transmitted through board effectiveness. However, external social capital influences board effectiveness and sustainable firm performance more than internal social capital. Moreover, interlocks only reinforce the relationship between a board’s external social capital and its effectiveness. Our research offers the following main contributions: (1) A proposed structural theoretical model, (2) a focus on both internal and external social capital, unlike previous literature that emphasized only one perspective, and (3) empirical evidence that supports literature on the interlocking interaction between a boards’ internal and external social capital.
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OBENG, KOFI, and ISAIAH O. UGBORO. "A Study of the Activities and Roles of Public Transit Boards." Transportation Journal 44, no. 3 (2005): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20713606.
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Abstract This study examines public transit boards of directors' role performance, prescribed activities that facilitate role performance, relationships between the roles and prescribed activities, and characteristics of boards and their members that affect members' involvement in board activities. It surveys public transit boards and analyzes the resulting data, using factor analysis, structural, and stepwise regression equations. The study finds that transit boards' role performance is enhanced by board members' involvement in contextual, analytical, strategic, interpersonal, and political activities, but not by involvement in board educational activities. Additionally, it finds positive relationships between many of the board member characteristics examined and most of the prescribed board activities. Exceptions to these positive relationships are also revealed. Negative relationships exist between the level of formal education of board members and such activities as setting aside time to learn about the organization and discussing future directions of the organization with other board members. Appointment of board members by state governments exerts a negative effect on board members' attentiveness to decision-making processes, and the use of long-range plan priorities in making strategic decisions. Service on other boards negatively affects members' involvement in transit board-related interpersonal activities.
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OBENG, KOFI, and ISAIAH O. UGBORO. "A Study of the Activities and Roles of Public Transit Boards." Transportation Journal 44, no. 3 (2005): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.44.3.0051.
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Abstract This study examines public transit boards of directors' role performance, prescribed activities that facilitate role performance, relationships between the roles and prescribed activities, and characteristics of boards and their members that affect members' involvement in board activities. It surveys public transit boards and analyzes the resulting data, using factor analysis, structural, and stepwise regression equations. The study finds that transit boards' role performance is enhanced by board members' involvement in contextual, analytical, strategic, interpersonal, and political activities, but not by involvement in board educational activities. Additionally, it finds positive relationships between many of the board member characteristics examined and most of the prescribed board activities. Exceptions to these positive relationships are also revealed. Negative relationships exist between the level of formal education of board members and such activities as setting aside time to learn about the organization and discussing future directions of the organization with other board members. Appointment of board members by state governments exerts a negative effect on board members' attentiveness to decision-making processes, and the use of long-range plan priorities in making strategic decisions. Service on other boards negatively affects members' involvement in transit board-related interpersonal activities.
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Amihud, Yakov, Markus Schmid, and Steven Davidoff Solomon. "Do Staggered Boards Matter for Firm Value?" Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 30, no. 4 (December 2018): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jacf.12317.
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The authors address, and attempt to settle, the heated debate over the effect of staggered boards on corporate performance. Critics of staggered boards claim they enable the entrenchment of inefficient managements and boards; and by working in tandem with poison pills to discourage hostile takeovers of underperforming companies, such boards end up generally reducing corporate values. Consistent with this theory, some institutional investors and shareholder rights advocates have urged companies to eliminate their staggered boards, while the most extreme critics have gone so far as to call for a regulatory ban. By contrast, supporters of staggered boards argue that they help increase corporate values by allowing managements and boards to focus on long‐term goals, and by providing board members a degree of independence from corporate executives who might want them replaced. The most extreme proponents of staggered boards have proposed that such boards be not only permitted, but indeed mandated.Both sides of the debate claim to be backed by empirical studies whose findings provide sharply conflicting pictures of the consequences of staggered boards. Whereas the earlier studies found that companies with staggered boards have significantly lower values, more recent studies have concluded that staggered boards lead to higher corporate values.The authors show that neither side of the debate has convincing empirical support. The earlier studies failed to account or control for important variables and corporate characteristics that explain corporate decisions to stagger their boards, or for changes in the companies' characteristics over time. For example, to the extent that a company's poor performance drives its decision to adopt or retain a staggered board provision—presumably to give it more freedom to restructure and improve its operations—the association of staggered boards with poor performance ends up confusing cause and effect.When the authors control for variables that affect both corporate values and the choice of staggered boards in a sample of close to 3,000 U.S. companies from 1990 to 2013, they find that the effect of a staggered board on firm value becomes generally insignificant. As the authors put it, “The effect of a staggered board is idiosyncratic; for some firms it increases value, while for other firms it is value destroying.” On the basis of such findings, the authors caution against legal solutions advocating either wholesale adoption or repeal of staggered boards, urging managements and boards to determine the value‐maximizing approach that reflects their own companies' opportunities and circumstances.
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Shaviv, Ary. "Board games, random boards and long boards." Discrete Mathematics 346, no. 1 (January 2023): 113111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2022.113111.
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Van der Walt, N., C. Ingley, G. S. Shergill, and A. Townsend. "Board configuration: are diverse boards better boards?" Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society 6, no. 2 (March 2006): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14720700610655141.
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Chittoria, Ravi Kumar. "An Refinement of the Conventional Skin Board." Journal of Orthopedic Practice 1, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54289/jop2100103.
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Skin boards are a pair of wooden boards used for harvesting skin. It is used to flatten the surface and ease the skin knife to pass underneath the surface. The skin board is used to stretch the skin by pressing the board against the skin and then pulling the two boards apart therefore creating a tension on the skin and flattening the surface. For the easy movement of the knife a lubricant is used on the skin (example- Vaseline). The conventional skin boards scrape away most of this lubricant. A refinement has been made to the conventional skin boards by adding small channels on the surface of the board which allow the lubricant to pass through the board and thus the lubricant remains on the skin. This modification does not reduce the capacity of the skin board to stretch the skin and provides a flat smooth surface for the skin knife to pass.
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Kim, Daehyun, and Laura T. Starks. "Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards: Do Women Contribute Unique Skills?" American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161032.
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We show that gender diversity in corporate boards could improve firm value because of the contributions that women make to the board. Prior studies examine valuation effects of gender-diverse boards and reach mixed conclusions. To help resolve this conundrum, we consider how gender diversity could affect firm value, that is, what mechanisms could explain how female directors benefit corporate board performance. We hypothesize and provide evidence that women directors contribute to boards by offering specific functional expertise, often missing from corporate boards. The additional expertise increases board heterogeneity which Kim and Starks (2015) show can increase firm value.
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Balasso, Michelle, Mark Hunt, Andrew Jacobs, and Julianne O’Reilly-Wapstra. "Development of Non-Destructive-Testing Based Selection and Grading Strategies for Plantation Eucalyptus nitens Sawn Boards." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030343.
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Stiffness is considered one of the most important structural properties for sawn timber used in buildings and laminated structures including mass timber elements. There is great potential to use plantation Eucalyptus timber for structural applications, and the successful development of a plantation timber supply chain for structural products will depend on the accurate selection and grading of the resource. In this study we aimed to investigate the suitability of non-destructive testing (NDT) to improve selection and grading of sawn boards sourced from a young E. nitens plantation. We studied 268 sawn boards traced from the tree through to final processing stages. We found high and positive correlations between stiffness (measured as dynamic modulus of elasticity) tested at each board processing stage through acoustic wave velocity (AWV) and the static board modulus of elasticity measured through mechanical testing on dressed boards. Position of the board in the stem and sawn board processing treatment significantly impacted board modulus of elasticity, indicating that early selection of logs would allow larger yield of stiffer boards. We investigated the grading of boards through the traditional Australian Standards using a visual-grading system and through AWV, finding a classification error of 82.5% and 45.2%, respectively. We developed a linear model which was used to re-classify the boards, obtaining a smaller classification error, including fewer boards being over-graded. Our results demonstrate that AWV can be used as an early selection method for structural boards and can also be employed to satisfactorily grade E. nitens plantation boards to be used in building structures and as elements of mass timber.
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Dhanani, Alpa, and Michael John Jones. "Editorial boards of accounting journals: gender diversity and internationalisation." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 5 (June 19, 2017): 1008–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2014-1785.
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Purpose Editorial boards of academic journals represent a key institutional mechanism in the governance and functioning of the academic community. Board members play an important role in knowledge production and development of the discipline. The purpose of this paper is to enquire into the diversity characteristics of boards of accounting journals. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a diversity framework that distinguishes between societal diversity and value of diversity, the paper examines two board characteristics: gender diversity and internationalisation. Moreover, it examines the influence of three journal and two editor characteristics on board diversity and analyses trends over time. Findings On gender, overall board trends are consistent with societal diversity and value of diversity: boards reflect the gender profile of senior academics. Further, female representation on boards is broadly consistent across the different journal nationalities; has improved over time; has experienced a convergence in “gender sensitive” sub-disciplines; and is influenced by female editorship. However, inequities appear to be present at the highest level: women appear to be less well represented than men as editors and women also have a lower representation on boards of higher ranked journals than on those of lower ranked journals. On internationalisation, once again, overall trends broadly reflect societal diversity and value at diversity. However, international scholars are less well represented on 4* boards than on 2* and 3* boards and on US boards than on Australian and UK boards. Further, there are signs of weakening US dominance in non-US journals. Originality/value Drawing on the diversity framework, this is the first study to comprehensively examine gender diversity and internationalisation of accounting boards.
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Liu, Yuexi. "A Machine Learning Approach for Selecting Directors of Chinese Listed Company." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 5 (February 16, 2023): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5109.
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Contemporarily, the directors sever as a vital role in companies strategy decisions and daily operation. On this basis, it is crucial to select a suitable and appropriate directors of listed companies to fulfill the requirements and criteria of shareholders (at least most of them). In this case, this paper discusses a financial big data-based machine learning approach for board selection of Chinese listed companies. This approach achieves effective feature extraction through big data related to changes in boards of directors and successfully identifies the outstanding features of excellent boards. The empirical results show that machine learning models have a significant advantage over traditional methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, for board selection by Chinese companies. According to the analysis, the model can extract important features of an excellent board of directors from big data related to the board’s features, such as academic, research and development (R&D), and politician backgrounds. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of board selection in China.
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Setiawan, Doddy, Rayenda Khresna Brahmana, Andi Asrihapsari, and Siti Maisaroh. "Does a Foreign Board Improve Corporate Social Responsibility?" Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 11473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011473.
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This study examines the effect of foreign boards on corporate social responsibility, exploring the issues of two-tier board systems (boards of directors and boards of commissioners). Using data for manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the sample period of 2017–2019, the results suggest that a foreign board engages more in corporate social responsibility activities. Our key finding remains robust with respect to all foreign board measures (foreign ownership, foreign board members, foreign directors, foreign commissioners, foreign CEO, and foreign chairperson) and to alternative estimation methods, and pass a series of endogeneity checks. We established the causal effect from foreign boards to CSR, supporting institutional theory and contesting agency theory.
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Schmitt, Kai-Uwe, Markus H. Muser, Hansjuerg Thueler, and Othmar Bruegger. "Crash-test dummy and pendulum impact tests of ice hockey boards: greater displacement does not reduce impact." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097735.
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BackgroundOne injury mechanism in ice hockey is impact with the boards. We investigated whether more flexible hockey boards would provide less biomechanical loading on impact than did existing (reference) boards.MethodsWe conducted impact tests with a dynamic pendulum (mass 60 kg) and with crash test dummies (ES-2 dummy, 4.76 m/s impact speed). Outcomes were biomechanical loading experienced by a player in terms of head acceleration, impact force to the shoulder, spine, abdomen and pelvis as well as compression of the thorax.ResultsThe more flexible board designs featured substantial displacement at impact. Some so-called flexible boards were displaced four times more than the reference board. The new boards possessed less stiffness and up to 90 kg less effective mass, reducing the portion of the board mass a player experienced on impact, compared with boards with a conventional design. Flexible boards resulted in a similar or reduced loading for all body regions, apart from the shoulder. The displacement of a board system did not correlate directly with the biomechanical loading.ConclusionsFlexible board systems can reduce the loading of a player on impact. However, we found no correlation between the displacement and the biomechanical loading; accordingly, displacement alone was insufficient to characterise the overall loading of a player and thus the risk of injury associated with board impact. Ideally, the performance of boards is assessed on the basis of parameters that show a good correlation to injury risk.
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Ben Rejeb, Wajdi, Sarra Berraies, and Dorra Talbi. "The contribution of board of directors’ roles to ambidextrous innovation." European Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 40–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-06-2018-0110.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the link between board of directors’ roles namely strategy, service and control roles and ambidextrous innovation. This study also aims to determine whether the independence and gender diversity of boards have mediating effects in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of a quantitative approach, the authors conducted a survey on all Tunisian-listed firms. A partial least square method was used to analyze the quantitative data. The authors also conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of boards’ members of the surveyed firms followed by a thematic analysis of the discourses to discuss the results.FindingsResults revealed that ambidextrous innovation is negatively linked to board’s control role. The outcomes of this research show also that ambidextrous innovation is positively associated with board’s service role and that the gender diversity moderates positively this link. Findings do not indicate a significant relationship between board’s strategy role and ambidextrous innovation but show evidence that the relationship is negatively moderated by independent directors, while positively moderated by gender diversity.Originality/valueThis research sheds light on the effects of Boards’ roles on ambidextrous innovation and the moderating effect of board’s gender diversity and independence as well. This paper addresses the gap in the literature as this thematic has not been studied, offering key insights with regard to corporate governance of companies looking to achieve ambidextrous innovation.
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Alfred, Kelly C., Timothy Turner, and Aaron Young. "State Medical Board Exposure to Threats of Violence." Journal of Medical Regulation 99, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-99.3.11.
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ABSTRACT Between 2010 and 2012, the Federation of State Medical Boards Research and Education Foundation (FSMB Foundation) conducted a survey of state medical boards in an effort to ascertain the extent to which state medical board members and staff have experienced threats of violence and the actions taken by state boards in response to such threats. The survey also assessed current and anticipated levels of security being provided by state boards. Of the 70 boards queried, 37 responded, with 73% (n=27) of these boards reporting that their board members and/or staff had experienced either explicit or implied threats of violence. These threats targeted board members (85%), board staff (78%) and others (15%). Many of the threats directed at board members occurred after board meetings and/or hearings and were made by either a physician or a family member of a physician. Most of the threats directed at board members, staff and others were verbal, including threats of death. Most boards provide a security presence at board meetings, ranging from local law enforcement agencies to private security firms, but less than half of the respondents in the survey expressed satisfaction with their present security level. The results of the survey suggest that the state medical board community should be aware of the potential for violence against board members and staff, and should formulate prevention and threat-assessment policies as a precaution. Educational and training resources may be needed at the state board level. This could include the development of educational modules to train state public officials in conflict management, the prevention and handling of acts of violence, and how to identify and assess the seriousness of a potentially violent or stressful situation.
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Pastore, Patrizia, and Silvia Tommaso. "Women on corporate boards. The case of ’gender quotas’ in Italy." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 4 (2016): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4p13.
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This paper investigates whether gender quotas have had success so far in their primary goal of reducing gender disparities in Italian corporate boards. Debate about gender equality on boards gained momentum and global prominence over the last years attracting attention of both researchers and practitioners worldwide. Despite a remarkable progress in education and their participation in the labor market, women still face large barriers to advance into upper management and boardrooms and gaps remain. Women are still under-represented in senior executive and board positions worldwide even if there is wide variation across countries. The present is a qualitative study that aims to contribute to the ongoing international debate about gender diversity on corporate boards (or lack thereof), providing current evidence from Italy, four years after the entry into force of Law 120/2011, establishing legislated quotas in order to ensure gender-balanced corporate boards. Using the samples of Italian listed companies and government-controlled companies tracked by Consob and Cerved respectively, findings show a substantial progress of female representation in Italian corporate boards (including governing and auditing boards) over the period 2008-2015 and reflect the extent to which women are shattering the glass ceiling, right before and after the implementation of the new (although controversial) gender quotas regulation. However, even though the number of women who sit on corporate boards has increased, it is necessary to ensure that the appointment of women is a board’s genuine intention to become gender diverse and more effectiveness rather than evidence of a result driven by tokenism, designed to enhance corporate reputation and image.
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Zivkovic, Sanja. "Sustainability Leadership and Boards: A Conceptual Framework." European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance 18, no. 1 (November 4, 2022): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecmlg.18.1.587.
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Sustainability demands boards to be intrinsically motivated. Translating the sustainability agenda into measurable social and environmental outcomes implies a behavioral transformation on the individual, group, and organizational levels. Focusing only on regulatory requirements, ESG metrics, and corporate reputation does not lead to the genuine commitment of board members to enhance the organization’s sustainability. Embedding sustainability into the organization’s business model and strategy calls for the board’s commitment and impactful actions. Therefore, this study attempts to provide new insights on how boards could enhance their sustainability engagement and performance by developing and demonstrating specific leadership behaviors. For this purpose, a literature review has been conducted. To draw on the premises of stakeholder theory and selected leadership constructs, the method of theory synthesis was used. This study builds on and extends the existing leadership and corporate governance literature by providing a conceptual framework that links sustainability leadership and board dimensions: purpose and authenticity, power and responsibility, and process and transformation. It proposes the initial assessment questions for each dimension. The proposed conceptual and assessment frameworks offer practical implications for various stakeholders. Board members can use them as self-assessment and development tools that can enhance their sustainability engagement and leadership behaviors. Based on these frameworks, human resources management could define sustainability competencies to be considered in board recruitment, assessment, development, and succession. Leadership and organizational development specialists could also use these guidelines to design and implement sustainability leadership development programs. By offering a novel perspective that links sustainability efforts and leadership behaviors of boards, these research contributions could inspire organizations to move beyond compliance-oriented sustainability toward genuine sustainability. Future research could be directed at validating the proposed conceptual framework by conducting qualitative and quantitative studies to explore the board members’ perceptions and views on specific leadership behaviors in the context of the sustainability agenda.
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Honingh, Marlies, Marieke van Genugten, Sandra van Thiel, and Rutger Blom. "Do boards matter? Studying the relation between school boards and educational quality." Public Policy and Administration 35, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076718789739.
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Boards are expected to contribute to an organization's performance. In the case of schools, this means that the board should contribute to educational quality. However, there is no scientific proof that this expectation is valid. The (growing) literature on boards suggests that the effects of school boards depend on variables, such as board behaviour and corporate governance. In this study, we present the results of a secondary analysis drawing on representative existing datasets on Dutch secondary schools. This is unique as previous research usually dealt with non-representative cases or samples. Our merged dataset includes measurements of board characteristics, board behaviour and pupils' achievements. Through Structural Equation Modelling, we show that there is ample evidence that board characteristics and board behaviour affect pupils' achievements. The only variable affecting pupil's achievements is counter vailing power perceived by the executives in the school board. The model also hints at more complex patterns of interacting variables at the board level. To get more insight into how these variables interact, a different research approach is necessary, such as case studies on board behaviour, and on the effects thereof within the school.
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Voveris, Donatas, Julija Savicke, and Greta Drūteikienė. "Characteristics of the boards of directors at firms listed on Nasdaq Baltic." Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(3).2023.56.
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The board of directors plays a pivotal role in firm governance, endorsing strategic choices, coordinating operations, ensuring regulatory compliance, and furnishing organizational support. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of the boards of directors and the guidelines for board composition in publicly listed firms in the Baltic countries. The analysis consists of two stages. The first is a quantitative investigation of the attributes of boards (board size, CEO duality, gender diversity, foreign directors, board committees, board independence, and directors’ occupational background) targeting 35 firms and 187 directors. The second is a qualitative analysis of guidelines for board composition of Nasdaq Baltic-listed firms in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The results reveal that the attributes of boards of directors do not raise concerns. Despite their relatively smaller scale in contrast to the United States or Europe, the boards of Nasdaq Baltic companies align effectively with their respective firm sizes. Notably, CEO duality is absent in Estonian and Latvian listed firms, while it is only partially evident in Lithuania. Moreover, directors’ heterogeneous professional backgrounds distinctly contribute to these boards’ overall enhancement. While the existence of board committees is strongly recommended, they are primarily implemented as a tool for controlling.
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Seo, Hoontaek, Sangho Yi, Qing Yang, and William McCumber. "The Relation between CEO-Friendly Boards and the Value of Cash Holdings." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 3 (March 11, 2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17030113.
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Our study investigates how CEO-friendly boards influence the value and utilization of cash resources. In this paper, we analyze two conflicting views on CEO-friendly boards and their impact on corporate cash holdings: one view posits that such boards might be too lenient, fostering managerial moral hazard problem, while the other contends that they encourage CEOs to share information, despite CEOs knowing that better-informed boards could enforce stricter oversight. By measuring board friendliness through CEO-board social ties, we find that firms with a friendly board tend to maintain lower cash reserves but their excess cash is valued higher by the market compared to firms without such a board. Moreover, these boards deploy excess cash in ways that significantly enhance firm value. The results remain robust even after controlling for various governance variables and CEO characteristics. Our findings offer crucial insights for corporate practitioners and policymakers, highlighting the importance of appointing and retaining CEO-friendly directors to foster effective information exchange, especially in firms with substantial CEO-board information asymmetry in capital budgeting.
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Banerjee, Suvro K., and Achraf Seyam. "Not For Profit Board of Directors and Governance." International Journal of Accounting and Finance Studies 1, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ijafs.v1n2p154.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>Anon-profit </em><em>(</em><em>NFP entity’s Board of Directors</em><em>)</em><em> bears ultimate responsibility for its governance. It ensures the non-profit functions in accordance with all applicable laws, regulations, and the entity’s internal guidelines and mission statement. We examine these Boards’ role in overseeing the functioning of non-profit entities and their management. We begin by reviewing the purpose of a Board of Directors and a commonly adopted structure for them including who may serve on such Boards; and how these Boards differ from those in the for-profit world. We then review the formal responsibilities that NFP Boards have for the entities they govern as well as some unspoken requirements for Board members. We examine specific activities in which these Boards typically engage and some activities which violate good governance practices. We provide examples of both well-functioning boards and some which serve as cautionary tales for entities. We discuss how a Board can deal with Board members who violate an entity’s rules and/or laws and how such members might be removed from their respective office as well as other regulatory and legal issues related to the conduct of Board members. We discuss the government entities both state and federal which regulate the function of non-profit Boards.</em><em></em></p>