Relevant bibliographies by topics / Boards of trade – History

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Boards of trade – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Boards of trade – History"

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Bloomfield, Elizabeth. "Boards of Trade and Canadian Urban Development." Research Notes 12, no. 2 (October 23, 2013): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018959ar.

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Boards of trade or chambers of commerce were formed in over 600 Canadian communities between the 1840s and 1950. The key role of these associations of businessmen has been demonstrated or suggested in many studies of particular urban centres. This paper offers a more general overview, summarizing the federal legislation and the patterns of incorporation across Canada and outlining the significance of boards of trade as city-building agencies.
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Seltzer, Andrew J., and Jeff Borland. "The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia." Journal of Economic History 78, no. 3 (September 2018): 785–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050718000359.

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This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.
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Blackburn, Sheila. "Ideology and Social Policy: the Origins of the Trade Boards Act." Historical Journal 34, no. 1 (March 1991): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013923.

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The issue of sweated labour formed one of the most intractable social problems of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Numerous remedies to solve sweating, such as the restriction of female and child labour, the abolition of domestic workshops, consumers' leagues, and co-operative production were variously advanced but subsequently found to be wanting. Eventually, and bowing to the inevitable, Edwardians finally sanctioned one cautious measure which they thought would curb sweating at its root – that is the legal control of low pay in the form of the 1909 Trade Boards Act. Initially, the act applied to domestic chain-making, ready-made and wholesale bespoke tailoring, paper-box making, and the machine-made lace and finishing trade. In these four industries in which wages were deemed unduly low, boards were established consisting of equal numbers of employers' and workers' representatives, plus independent members nominated by the state. In effect, the boards were thus a form of compulsory arbitration on pay.
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Coates, Chris. "Union History Online: Digitization Projects in the Trades Union Congress Library Collections." International Labor and Working-Class History 76, no. 1 (2009): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790999007x.

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Since its foundation as a central body for British trade unions in 1868, the Trades Union Congress (TUC) has been involved in the creation of the welfare state and public health, education and social services. It has helped to ensure legal rights in employment and an end to discrimination. The Labour Party was established by the TUC so that working people could have their own representatives in Parliament. The TUC has played an important role in international affairs, and union representatives have sat on public bodies and government advisory boards at national and international level.
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Gomez, Pierre-Yves, and Peter Wirtz. "Successfully mobilizing for employee board representation." Journal of Management History 24, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-08-2017-0039.

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PurposeThe equal representation of employees on codetermined supervisory boards is one of the distinctive features of the German corporate governance system. This study aims to examine the relevance of the frequent assumption according to which this system is rooted in a typically “German culture”.Design/methodology/approachThis research applies Davis and Thompson’s (1994) mobilization theory as an interpretive grid to historical sources to reveal the determinants of the institutionalization of equal board representation in post-war Germany.FindingsThe present contribution reveals that the supposedly “German tradition” of board representation is a myth. The specific regime of codetermined supervisory boards is instead the outcome of the dramatic political and institutional circumstances of the late 1940s, which saw fierce struggles and the mobilization of various actors ranging from politicians and industrialists to trade unionists.Originality/valueThe German Catholic Church is shown to have played a significant, albeit seldom recognized, role in this search for institutional consensus. It acted as a broad-based “supporting institution”, positively influencing mobilization efforts in favor of board codetermination and ultimately enabling an agreement to be reached.
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Lupanova, Ye M. "FORMATION OF THE MARKET FOR SAW BOARDS IN RUSSIA XVIII CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 01, no. 05 (March 25, 2021): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-01-90-101.

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The article is devoted to the history of sawn timber dispensing in Russia. The new kind of material appeared for the satisfaction of needs, which had not existed earlier. Then other ways of usage were performed. At last the outlet was partly affectedly formed to encourage the new technology. The usage of sawn timber from one side was determined, from the other side determined the development of Russian trade, water- and land-transport, house-building and everyday life.
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TOMLINSON, JIM. "CHURCHILL'S DEFEAT IN DUNDEE, 1922, AND THE DECLINE OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY." Historical Journal 63, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 980–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000475.

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AbstractThis article uses Churchill's defeat in Dundee in 1922 to examine the challenges to liberal political economy in Britain posed by the First World War. In particular, the focus is on the impact of the war on reshaping the global division of labour and the difficulties in responding to the domestic consequences of this reshaping. Dundee provides an ideal basis for examining the links between local politics and global economic changes in this period because of the traumatic effects of the war on the city. Dundee depended to an extraordinary extent on one, extremely ‘globalized’, industry – jute – for its employment. All raw jute brought to Dundee came from Bengal, and the markets for its product were scattered all over the world. Moreover, the main competitive threat to the industry came from a much poorer economy (India), so that jute manufacturing was the first major British industry to be significantly affected by low-wage competition. Before 1914, the Liberals combined advocacy of free trade with a significant set of interventions in the labour market and in social welfare, including trade boards. The Dundee case allows us to examine in detail the responses to post-war challenges to these Liberal orthodoxies.
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Blackburn, Sheila. "Working-Class Attitudes to Social Reform: Black Country Chainmakers and Anti-Sweating Legislation, 1880–1930." International Review of Social History 33, no. 1 (April 1988): 42–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000008634.

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SummaryHistorians have recently paid serious attention to the roles of working-class groups in the creation of British social policy, but have largely ignored involvement by sweated workers. This article reveals among chainmakers long-run campaigns against sweating – successively demanding state action to abolish domestic workshops, regulate hours, restrict female work, fix rates for the job, and institute co-operative production. Failure in these campaigns led, with major initiatives from female workers, to advocacy of a statutory minimum wage. The Trade Boards Act (1909) reflected such pressures for state aid, though the form the legislation took brought only limited benefits.
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McVay, Pamela. "Private Trade and Elite Privilege. The Trial of Nicolaas Schaghen, Director of Bengal." Itinerario 20, no. 3 (November 1996): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300003971.

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It is common wisdom among the historians of the Dutch East Indies that everyone in the Dutch East India Company engaged in private trade. That is, ‘everyone’ traded in goods supposedly monopolized by the Company and ‘everyone’ abused his or her position to squeeze graft from the Company's trade. It was, supposedly, to get their hands on the private trade and graft that people joined the Dutch East India Company (VOC: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) in the first place. But back in the Netherlands the VOC's Board of Directors (the Heeren XVII) objected vociferously to private trade, which drained Company profits and shareholder revenue. To appease the Heeren XVII back at home, the various Governors-General and Councillors of the Indies (Raad van Indië), who represented the Heeren XVII in Asia, issued annual placards forbidding private trade while the High Court (Raad van Justitie) carried out infrequent desultory trials for private trade. But these prosecutions were inevitably doomed to failure, so the story goes, because everyone engaged in private trade would ‘cover’ for everyone else.
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Ludvigsen, Peter. "History of the Workers' Museum in Denmark." International Labor and Working-Class History 76, no. 1 (2009): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547909990068.

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The Workers' Museum in Copenhagen was formally inaugurated on April 12, 1982, at a meeting held at the historic Workers' Assembly Hall at Rømersgade in Copenhagen, the prime location near the Royal Gardens and Rosenborg Palace where the museum is located. At that time the museum had a governing board with representatives of The National Museum, The Museum of Copenhagen, The Library and Archives of the Danish Labour Movement, The University of Copenhagen, the National College of the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions (LO), the Friends of the Workers' Museum, and the General Council of the Federation of Trade Unions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boards of trade – History"

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Roberts, Richard Gareth. "The Board of Trade, 1925-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305232.

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Hong, Robert G. "An agency for the common weal, the Newfoundland Board of Trade, 1909-1915." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/MQ34187.pdf.

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Johansen, Mary Carroll. "The Relationship between the Board of Trade and Plantations and the Colonial Government of Virginia, 1696-1775." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625765.

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Browne, Brendan Mark. "Trade Boards in Northern Ireland, 1909-45." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335981.

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Kasecamp, Emily Hager PhD. "COMPANY, COLONY, AND CROWN: THE OHIO COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, EMPIRE BUILDING, AND THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR, 1747-1763." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574777293217054.

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Albers, Thilo Nils Hendrik. "Trade frictions, trade policies, and the interwar business cycle." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3840/.

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This dissertation is composed of six chapters. Based on a comparison with other recessions throughout history, the first chapter motivates studying the Great Depression from a trade perspective. The second chapter sets the stage for such an endeavour. It introduces a new macroeconomic dataset for the interwar period and investigates the prelude and global impact of the Great Depression. Highlighting the variation of its severity along two dimensions, depth and duration, within and across countries, it conjectures that trade must have played an important role for the global extent of the crisis. The third chapter tests this conjecture by resurrecting the concept of the trade multiplier. Based on a causal estimate of the multiplier and auxiliary data, it demonstrates that the trade channel can explain significant proportions of the initial depth of the Depression in small open economies. If the fall of trade was important for propagating the Depression, analysing trade frictions is imperative. The fourth chapter thus turns to the analysis of retaliatory trade policies in response to currency devaluations. It shows that tariff retaliation was an important feature of interwar protectionism. Its effects on trade were large, which casts doubts on the unqualified favourable assessment of unilateral currency depreciations. Relating to the literature on the post-war distance puzzle, the fifth chapter assesses the relative importance of tariffs and transport costs during the interwar period. Not only were tariffs the dominant trade friction during this period, but their increase rendered distancerelated trade costs relatively less important. Finally, the sixth chapter draws implications for the academic and political discourse.
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Moore, Pete Watson. "Doing business with the state : explaining business lobbying in the Arab world." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0024/NQ50224.pdf.

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Hou, Liyan. "Explaining trade flows and determinants of bilaterial trade." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/719/.

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This thesis provides the empirical analyses for international trade flows and the determinants of bilateral trade. The main modelling framework used in this thesis is gravity model, so firstly, a detailed literature review for the gravity trade model is given. The three empirical studies analyze the role of main determinants of international trade flows in details, including cultural similarities, geographical factors and trade costs. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, the gravity model works well with aggregate data as well as disaggregated data. The core gravity factors and the cultural similarities are the major determinants of China’s bilateral trade. Moreover, China has great export potential with its neighbour countries in Asia, and considerable import potential with most of its trade partners. On the other hand, China’s export potential is still in the labour and resource intensive, low- and middle-level skill-intensive product groups. Second, we combine log-linear and non-linear estimation techniques, including Tobit estimation to analyze the role of geographical distance on trade. The findings indicate that the absolute value of the distance coefficient decreases over time, which give a reasonable explanation for “missing globalization puzzle”. Finally, by estimating a modified gravity equation of panel data for China, Japan and Korea over 16 years, we find that transport costs have a significant influence on regional trade flows in Northeast Asia.
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McLeish, Martyn. "Trade disputes, trade unions and the law : the legal politics of industrial relations in Britain, 1906-1927." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336259.

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Zwoinska, Martyna K. "Age-specific trade-offs in life-history evolution." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329035.

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Trade-offs prevent selection from driving all fitness-enhancing traits towards values that would maximize fitness. Life-history trade-offs, such as the one between survival and reproduction are well-studied, yet trade-offs can also involve behavioural or cognitive traits. Because males and females have different routes to successful reproduction, the optimal resolution of life-history trade-offs can differ between the sexes. However, shared genome can constrain the evolution of sex-specific adaptations. In this thesis, I explore the links between sex-specific life histories, cognition and behaviour. I start by linking sex differences in life histories to sex differences in learning performance in the outcrossing nematode Caenorhabditis remanei (Paper I). I report that age-related learning differs between the sexes and that it corresponds to sexual dimorphism in life history. Then, I use experimental evolution to select for learning performance to study the patterns of genetic correlations between learning and life-history traits in both sexes (Paper II). The results demonstrate the correlated evolution of sexual dimorphism in life history indicating sex-specific fitness costs and benefits of learning. In Paper III I use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to ask about the extent to which cognitive and demographic aging are independent. The results reveal that selection for late-life reproduction alone bears no effect on late-life learning and that joint selection on late-life learning and reproduction does not yield lifespan benefits. The selection might have affected, however, female age-specific reproductive effort. Motivated by the questions on aging I proceed to ask why a potent lifespan extending drug – rapamycin affects sexes differently (Paper IV). I take a closer look at the trade-off between growth, lifespan and reproduction and propose that the sex experiencing a stronger relationship between size and fitness pays a higher cost of lifespan extension. Finally, I focus on another sex-specific trait – dispersal (Paper V). I conduct experimental evolution to uncover a negative genetic correlation between dispersal and reproduction and show sex-specific genetic variation for dispersal. In summary, my thesis unravels the complex pattern of interdependence between life-history, behavioural and cognitive traits, where sex emerges as an important factor that can maintain genetic variation for trade-offs.
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Books on the topic "Boards of trade – History"

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Elfenbein, Jessica I. Civics, commerce, and community: The history of the Greater Washington Board of Trade, 1889-1989. [Washington, D.C.]: Center for Washington Area Studies of the George Washington University, 1989.

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Stewart, McLeod. Fifty years reminiscences of the Ottawa Board of Trade. [Ottawa?: s.n., 1995.

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Eckhard, Behr, and Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft der Industrie- und Handelskammern in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Neubrandenburg, Rostock, Schwerin., eds. Zum mercklichen Vortheil des Publici--: Aus der Geschichte der Industrie- und Handelskammern Neubrandenburg, Rostock und Schwerin. [Rostock]: Redieck & Schade, 2003.

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Türkiye'de ticaret ve sanayi odaları, 1880-1952. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Denizler Kitabevi, 2002.

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Taʼrīkh ghurfat tijārat al-Ḥillah (ghurfat tijārat Bābil): 1949-2008 M. 2nd ed. [Bābil]: Ghurfat Tijārat Bābil, 2008.

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Pilgrim, Markus. Developing chambers of commerce: A primer on the organization and role of chamber systems. Washington, D.C: Center for International Private Enterprise, 1995.

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Fedotov, V. I. Torgovo-promyshlennye palaty. Saratov: Izd-vo Saratovskogo un-ta, 2000.

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Faulwetter, Stephan. Von der Zunft zur Handelskammer: Zur Entwicklung des Gewerberechts in thüringischen Staaten. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2011.

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Faulwetter, Stephan. Von der Zunft zur Handelskammer: Zur Entwicklung des Gewerberechts in thüringischen Staaten. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2011.

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Applegate, Marilyn Nagele. Lock, stock, and boards: The Harris Pine Mills story. Hagerstown: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Boards of trade – History"

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Ghosh, Atish, Anne-Marie Gulde, and Holger Wolf. "Currency Boards." In Handbook of the History of Money and Currency, 687–715. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0596-2_38.

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Ghosh, Atish, Anne-Marie Gulde, and Holger Wolf. "Currency Boards." In Handbook of the History of Money and Currency, 1–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0622-7_38-1.

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Van den Berghe, Lutgart, and Abigail Levrau. "An Effective Board Makes the Necessary Trade-Offs." In How to Make Boards Work, 187–210. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137275707_8.

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Officer, Lawrence H. "Terms of Trade." In Essays in Economic History, 157–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95925-8_9.

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Eichhorn, Niels. "Trade Relations." In Atlantic History in the Nineteenth Century, 35–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27640-9_3.

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Hopkins, A. G. "External trade." In An Economic History of West Africa, 125–72. 2nd edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429400582-4.

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Ingram, Anders. "Trade, Diplomacy, and History." In Writing the Ottomans, 85–117. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137401533_5.

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Knight, Melvin M., Harry Elmer Barnes, and Felix Flügel. "Industrial and Trade Associations." In Economic History of Europe, 643–71. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003354727-20.

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de Bromhead, Alan. "Globalisation and Trade." In An Economist’s Guide to Economic History, 71–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96568-0_9.

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Vaquero Piñeiro, Manuel, Paolo Tedeschi, and Luciano Maffi. "Production, Trade, and Consumption." In A History of Italian Wine, 135–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06097-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Boards of trade – History"

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Szmitkowska, Agata. "FROM THE LUFTWAFFE HEADQUARTERS TO A SANATORIUM”. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HOLIDAY RESORT OF THE WARSAW EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE TRADE UNION OF THE BOOK, PRESS AND RADIO EMPLOYEES IN GOŁDAP, MASURIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/26.

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This article presents the architecture, origin and the vicissitudes of the holiday resort which was dedicated to employees of the state media institutions of that time and which is representative of Polish holiday centres in Poland in the 1970s. It was developed near a town called Gołdap in northern Poland in the area of the Masurian Lake District which constituted a part of German East Prussia before 1945. The centre was planned in the land which operated as the Main Headquarters of the General Command of Luftwaffe during II World War. One of the key principles assumed by the designer of the holiday resort was not only the use of the natural advantages of the place but also the maximum adaptation of the preserved facilities, the foundations of the buildings and the infrastructure of the former military complex. The unusual architecture, attractive location and the scale of the constructed complex bespoke of the investors’ considerable wealth. The history of the centre entwined closely with important events in general history and the political and economic changes which occurred in Poland after 1989 determined the decision to introduce a new function of a sanatorium to the facility. The complex was then partially reconstructed and developed. This article was based on a number of researches. A detailed analysis was made of the related archival materials and scientific publications. A comparative analysis was conducted of the architecture of the centre and other facilities used for the same purpose which had been built in the 1960s and 1970s in Poland. The required field studies and photographic documentation of all the premises were performed simultaneously.
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Chen, Jinling, and Zhongyi Bao. "History of Russia China Foreign Trade Relations." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.015.

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Wang, Yu. "CHINESE TEA TRADE HISTORY FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT." In Chinese Studies in the 21st Century. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-1678-9-2021-1-70-79.

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В данной статье описана история становления и развития чайной торговли в Древнем и Средневековом Китае. Автор последовательно рассматривает чай как сельскохозяйственную культуру, как элемент товарно-денежных отношений, важный источник пополнения государственного бюджета и часть финансовой системы страны, а также как инструмент внешнеполитического давления на сопредельные кочевые народы. На протяжении всей истории Китая чай играл важную роль в культурной и хозяйственной жизни страны. Так, в Древнем Китае чай использовался в основном как подношение императору и способ поощрения императором высшей знати, а во времена династии Тан, после постройки Великого ка-нала, от чайной торговли уже напрямую зависело экономическое благосостояние империи и ее внешнеполитическая стабильность, так как чай был меновым товаром для пополнения армии лошадьми, а зависимость кочевников от потребления чая превратилась в инструмент контроля над кочевниками императорским правительством.
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Sesegma, Zhambalova. "MATERIALS OF THE OLHONIAN STEPPE DUMA ABOUT TRADE, INDUSTRY COVERAGE, COTTON AND CORRESPONDENCE IN BURYAT XIX V." In Archives in history. History in archives. Ottisk, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32363/978-5-6041443-5-0-2018-28-36.

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Markelov, Konstantin, Pavel Karabushenko, Rafik Usmanov, and Vyacheslav Golovin. "The international north-south transport corridor: history, modernity, prospects." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.eaxq2094.

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Since ancient times, the trade route "from the Varangians to the Persians" and on to India was used by caravans of merchants from all over the multifaceted Eurasia. This route also served as a means of cultural and religious exchange, spreading knowledge and everyday habits. The history of this issue shows that the political and economic elites who initiated diplomatic and trade missions were primarily interested in developing and optimizing trade. The current drive to revive this route in the form of the International North-South Transport Corridor (ITC) is designed to bring integration processes to a higher geopolitical and geo-economic level. The paper analyzes the current status of the project, contains proposals for its optimization and expresses confidence that its implementation will enhance the integration of the Eurasian continent and increase its security.
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Konovalova, Irina. "Cumania in the System of Trade Routes of Eastern Europe in the 12th Century." In 7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2019.53.137-147.

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Mu’jizah, Mu’jizah, Mamlahatun Buduroh, and Dina Susamto. "Spices Trade and Social-Political Conflict at Molucca in the Literature." In 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.105.

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Moore, Patricia J. "Transcriptomic analysis of variation in a life history trade-off in response to diet." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93926.

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Amert, Tanya, Ming Yang, Saujas Nandi, Thanh Vu, James H. Anderson, and F. Donelson Smith. "The Price of Schedulability in Multi-Object Tracking: The History-vs.-Accuracy Trade-Off." In 2020 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isorc49007.2020.00026.

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Hirohata, Kenji, Katsumi Hisano, Yousuke Hisakuni, Takahiro Omori, and Minoru Mukai. "Health Monitoring Method for Load Assessment and Cooling Performance Degradation of Printed Circuit Boards." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37988.

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Health monitoring technologies, which can evaluate the performance degradation, load history and degree of fatigue, have the potential to improve the maintenance, the reliability design method and the availability in improper use conditions of electronic equipment. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the cooling performance degradation and load history of printed circuit boards in electronic equipment by use of a hierarchical Bayes model based on CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) results of thermal stress simulation and experiment data from actual measurements. We applied this method to a notebook PC that can monitor the device load factor and revolution number of cooling fan. It is shown that this method can estimate the temperature and deformation distribution of the printed circuit board from monitoring variables through latent variables such as thermal dissipation of the device and thermal boundary condition by use of the hierarchical Bayes model. And it is confirmed that the statistical load assessment concerning thermal cyclic load and the maximum load distribution can be conducted using the estimated temperature and deformation data. We verified that the cooling performance degradation can be assessed, if the temperature difference per unit thermal value between two suitable points on the printed circuit board can be obtained. Furthermore, we attempted the estimation method based on the hierarchical Bayes model to dynamic load assessment such as cyclic drop impact for PCB. The assessment method for the strain range distribution of the solder joints on the PCB was conducted to lead to the conservative results for reliability design. It is concluded that the proposed method can be effective to assess the field load history and cooling performance degradation.
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Reports on the topic "Boards of trade – History"

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Daunton, Martin, Patricia Clavin, Madeleine Dungy, David Thackeray, and Stephen Woolcock. Trade Policy History. The British Academy, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bapolhist/9780856726552.001.

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Eichengreen, Barry, and Douglas Irwin. The Role of History in Bilateral Trade Flows. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5565.

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Collins, William, Kevin O'Rourke, and Jeffrey Williamson. Were Trade and Factor Mobility Substitutes in History? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6059.

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Taylor, Alan. Globalization, Trade, and Development: Some Lessons From History. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9326.

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Backus, David. The Japanese Trade Balance: Recent History and Future Prospects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4553.

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Mitchener, Kris James, and Se Yan. Globalization, Trade & Wages: What Does History tell us about China? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15679.

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Park, Haelim, and Gary Richardson. Retail Trade by Federal Reserve District, 1919 to 1939: A Statistical History. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16617.

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Henderson, J. Vernon, Tim Squires, Adam Storeygard, and David Weil. The Global Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity: Nature, History, and the Role of Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22145.

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May, Julian, Imogen Bellwood-Howard, Lídia Cabral, Dominic Glover, Claudia Job Schmitt, Márcio Mattos de Mendonça, and Sérgio Sauer. Connecting Food Inequities Through Relational Territories. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.087.

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This paper explores how food inequities manifest at a territorial level, and how food territories are experienced, understood, and navigated by stakeholders to address those inequities. We interpret ‘food territory’ as a relational and transcalar concept, connected through geography, culture, history, and governance. We develop our exploration through four empirical cases: (i) the Cerrado, a disputed Brazilian territory that has been framed and reframed as a place for industrial production of global commodities, to the detriment of local communities and nature; (ii) urban agroecology networks seeking space and recognition to enable food production in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (iii) informal food networks forming a complex web of intersecting local and global supply chains in Worcester, a secondary South African city; and (iv) periodic food markets in Ghana that synchronise trade systems across space and time to provide limited profit-making opportunities, but nonetheless accessible livelihood options, for poorer people. Examining these four cases, we identify commonalities and differences between them, in terms of the nature of their inequities and how different territories are connected on wider scales. We discuss how territories are perceived and experienced differently by different people and groups. We argue that a territorial perspective offers more than a useful lens to map how food inequities are experienced and interconnected; it also offers a tool for action.
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Plant Protection and Quarantine: Recognizing Program Successes in 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207239.aphis.

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In many ways, 2015 was extraordinary for plant health protection. We had more new pest detections and saw higher numbers of pest outbreaks than in previous years, including the first-ever detection of old world bollworm in the continental United States and a record-setting 12 fruit fly outbreaks. The year 2015 was also an impressive year for agricultural trade. The value of U.S. agricultural exports exceeded the value of imports again, making the last 7 years the strongest period for American agricultural exports in the history of our country.
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