Journal articles on the topic 'Boarding school students Victoria Case studies'

This research aims to know the process of social aspects influenced the importance of accountability in an organization of Islamic religious education that is don't give priority to profits in its operational activities, in Indonesia is often referred to as boarding schools. In order to further deepen the social accountability of the process, then the researchers used a qualitative research method with approach case studies boarding school Sidogiri Pasuruan. As for the analysis tools used are interactive analysis. As noted, there are more and more accountability role played in ancient civilizations and pre-modern societies. Therefore, at this time, the case for tracing the genealogy of accountability as a follow up said is best seen as a presumption that requires further examination. One of them is about the accountability of boarding schools which is rich in religious values and culture as a form of the spread of Islam. The dynamic life of boarding schools has been proven with the involvement of active participation in providing service to the community and many aspects of life that always accompany it. Interestingly, in terms of financial resources, the pesantren depends not only on the parents of the students, but also other sources of funding. The existence of this mandate, then boarding schools are definitely required to conduct financial accountability. These principles are very in line with the principles of Islamic law. It is closely related to surat Al-Baqarah verse 282 and 283 goals for the benefit of the people, i.e. If there is a transaction then write so that measurements obtained in a fair manner, not preferential treatment and is not reduced (ash-Syu'ara v. 181-184). Can be said to forbid these forms of transactions contrary to the Shariah.

Many impacts of cultural globalization have occurred, one of which is moral degradation that has spread to various groups, especially teenagers. Such as behavior that is difficult to control, drunkenness, stubbornness, frequent fights, drinking parties, hedonist lifestyle, and deviant behavior. This can be prevented by efforts to foster morals in Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this study is to describe how the efforts to develop the morals of students at the Mathlabul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in everyday life are to foster, educate and direct, so that the students can be better at having noble morals. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation and documentation related to the research focus. The results of the study show that the efforts to develop the Ahklak Santri in the Era of Globalization, especially the Mathlabul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, are: 1) Getting used to greeting teachers and greeting students when they meet within the Islamic boarding school and outside the Islamic boarding school, 2) Familiarizing students with activities such as reading and memorizing Al- qur`an, 3) Often hold intensive study activities on Islam which are carried out once a week, Friday to be precise, 4) Conduct studies on classic books at the Mathlabul Ulum Islamic Boarding School which are carried out every night under the leadership Kyai and Ustadz take turns. The impact of Efforts to Foster Santri Morals at the Mathlabul Ulum Islamic Boarding School are: 1) Being able to instill moral values into the souls of students so that students are accustomed to being careful in behaving and communicating, 2) Increasing the discipline of students in carrying out Islamic boarding school activities, 3) Santri also more enthusiastic and passionate and obedient in participating in activities in Islamic boarding schools.

This study aims to acknowledge the growth of quality management of Islamic boarding school education in the input, process, output, and results of students toward the quality management of pesantren education. The research method used is a qualitative approach and a case study method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations and documentation studies. The results of the study are (1) quality planning for Islamic boarding schools is based on the development of educational strategies (education development strategies) and total quality management (TQM) in quality management. Mitahul Huda Manonjaya Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya with its salafiyah system based on the mu'adah curriculum, Suryalaya Islamic Boarding School with its hifdutthariqoh development (Tareqat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah) and Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School with its agribusiness development, (2) implementation of the quality of education through the development of institutional quality management based on the leadership of Kyai who have the spirit of taffaquh fi addin, human resources by maximizing the productivity of the management of experts, competent and highly dedicated to Islamic boarding schools, (3) evaluation of education quality management in the three Islamic boarding schools is carried out systematically, effectively and efficiently by developing a follow-up plan (RTL) along with its achievement indicators, (4) education quality management problems faced by the three Islamic boarding schools are not yet evenly distributed in the competence and qualifications of educators and education, limited infrastructure, supervision systems and technology, and (5) efforts to improve education quality management in the three Islamic boarding schools by developing competitive and competitive quality management the potential resources of each Islamic boarding school.

The failure of community empowerment often forgets the ethics of change-makers as an essential instrument in program implementation. This assumption is existed because of weak human development resources in an educational institution in terms of shaping character. Pesantren or Islamic Boarding School offers another alternative to transforming santri or student ethics effectively when taking action in society. This article aims to explore the strategy of developing student ethics in the process of social transformation. The research data was generated through observation method at Al-Falah Islamic boarding school in Gorontalo, in-depth interviews with caregivers, teacher councils, students, and documentation related to development to shape students' character. Al-Falah Islamic boarding school has responded to modernity issues and implemented them into learning practices. This pesantren chooses three strategies (sentimental, rational, and takziyah) to develop the ethical quality of students. The fundamental Islamic values or ahklakul karimah (ethical values) is chosen because it can be primary guidelines for change-makers in developing community empowerment activities. In line with this, this research suggests that this strategy can be implemented in pesantren and in different contexts elsewhere. However, because limitation of the research, the ethical values are impossible to test in various aspects, so it is necessary to consider updated survey studies to prove the suitability of ethics and the achievement of community empowerment programs.

The ro'an (community service) tradition in the Al-qomar Wahid boarding school plays a role in shaping the character of the students. Tradition is a habit that has been taught from generation to generation and is still being carried out, one of which is the ro'an (community service) activity that has been carried out in the Al-qomar Wahid Islamic boarding school since it was first established. Ro'an (community service) is an activity that students cannot let go of, because it has become something that must be done and ro'an (community service) itself is an activity concerning cleanliness. If the environment is clean, the students will also feel comfortable regardless of the circumstances. This research uses qualitative research with the type of case studies, the data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study were data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. Data validity checks using credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The conclusions of the results of this study are first, that the ro'an (community service) tradition in the Al-qomar Wahid Islamic boarding school is very important, in order to form the social character of the students. Second, the character of students at the Al-qomar Wahid Islamic boarding school before carrying out ro'an (community service) activities is still individualistic, but the social character is awakened when the students finish doing ro'an (community service) activities which are carried out every week and even every day. with togetherness between friends. Third, the role of the ro'an tradition (community service) in enhancing the social character of the students at the Al-qomar Wahid Islamic boarding school is able to improve the social character of the students, such as the attitude of help, cooperation, tolerance, respect and respect for others and to have a sense of care or solidarity with others.

The study concentrates on the importance of circulating the school visions and its management message in terms of achieving its goals and strategies. This study scope was limited to the orphan’s Islamic school as a population under this study, which is school that is considered one of the well-known boarding schools in the northern Palestine and mainly in Jerusalem, the school is monitored by the Palestinian Ministry of AL-Awqaf and Religious Affairs. As aforementioned above the study was developed to focus on the reality and life experienced by the boarding students in this school, whom joined the school for different reasons in which among them there are orphans, whether father or mother or both parents together, and officially registered in the Palestinian civil registry, and some of them are registered as a social status, which face many different family issues and social problems such as but not limited to: divorce, abandonment by parents. These students are officially registered in the Palestinian Ministry of Community Affairs, and some of them for other reasons of family poverty and others. Total number of internal students reached (35) students in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022, in the period expanding from February until the period of preparing this research. in addition to the body supervising them to sustain their life. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers adopted the qualitative research methodology "case study”. Detailed description of the case (boarding students in the Dar Al-Aytam Islamic Industrial School) through the use of approved data collection tools such as type of studies, which are interviews (students, internal supervisors, administrative and teaching staff), context-based observations and analysis of permitted official documents, such as recordings Audio and video, official school publications and official records. This study attempted to answer the questions. The main points from the point of view of its participants are: 1- What does your presence in Dar Al-Aytam Islamic Industrial School offer you? 2- How did your presence in this school affect your social, educational and professional life? 3- What are the challenges and problems that you face in the Dar Al-Aytam Islamic Industrial School? In addition to the sub-questions that arose during the interviews and related to the societal and family context, where a representative number of boarding students of various age, social and family groups, supervisors, administrative staff and educational counselors were interviewed. According to the case study methodology, the names of those participants in the interviews will not be disclosed, and we will suffice to give the codes to the names. It is worth noting that this study came to further emphasize the role of this Institutions to stand by this category of society, especially in our Palestinian society. Keywords: The Islamic Industrial Orphanage Institution, Challenges and Problems

Uncertainty is often associated with risk, in Islamic economics the concept of uncertainty becomes one of the important pillars in the Islamic risk management process. Nothing in this life is free from risks and facts in every organization and its activities. The purpose of this research is to reveal and explain in depth the implementation of Islamic boarding school risk management.The paradigm used is post-positivistic. This type of research uses case studies. The key informant is the manager of the pesantren. Data analysis was carried out by an interactive analysis of the model from Miles and Huberman. The application of risk management at the Manba'ul Ulum Islamic boarding school in Banyuwangi Regency from the results of the study stated that it was very beneficial/positive, as evidenced by the increase in the number of students studying at the pesantren after experiencing the pandemic period from 2019. Islamic values ​​frame Islamic boarding school risk management activities as a source of inspiration and aspirations. Has been applied by the predecessors and is a character that shapes the santri so that they are not shaken under any conditions, besides that it is also sourced from the Islamic values ​​​​of the Qur'an and hadith as principles, then the educational curriculum is sourced from the book of ridhotun nashihin or akhlaq.

This research is motivated by the thought of developing character education, especially in the world of education as a strategic step for the sustainability and excellence of the nation in the future. The world of education is a world that is expected to shape the character of the young generation of the Indonesian nation, considering that character education is the main priority in the educational goals of the current government. In accordance with the reference to President Joko Widodo's vision, namely carrying out a "Mental Revolution" through the policies contained in the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 87 of 2017 concerning Strengthening Character Education. However, some student phenomena are found, for example not doing homework, cheating, skipping school without permission, or being indifferent to cleanliness in the school environment, fights between students, bullying, brawl and lazy to study. It is hoped that with character education programs in madrasas based on Islamic boarding schools, students can participate in character education planting activities, one of which is activities in Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to determine and analyze: (1) Planning, (2) Organizing, (3) Implementation, (4) Evaluation, (5) Character education results, (6) Barriers and carrying capacity, (7) Solutions to overcome obstacles. There are three foundations in this research, covering theological, philosophical and six value systems. The theory that underlies this research is management theory and quality theory. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected by using triangulation techniques using interviews, document studies, and field observations. With the research subject, the head of the boarding school, the head of the madrasa, teachers and students. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. As for the conclusions of the research results, in general, the management of character education in the development of noble character, students of the Boarding School program at Madrasas at Al-Jawahir Islamic Boarding School and Al-Ihsan Islamic Boarding School, are oriented to the vision, mission and goals that must be realized at a certain time through analysis. resources owned by the school, both human resources and other resources, so that the achievement of school goals can be realized.

The purpose of the study which became the focal point was the management of work practice training based on digital literacy in the boarding school environment. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method of data collection is done by triangulation techniques using interviews, document studies, and field observations. With the object of research at the community work Training Center (BLKK) vocational Information Technology and Al-Mizan Islamic boarding school, Jatiwangi District, Majalengka Regency, West Java province. The results showed that: 1) the planning of training programs in BLKK Al-Mizan that focuses on identifying training needs has been carried out in accordance with SOP or rules, regulations of the Ministry of manpower. 2) the development of training programs in BLKK Al-Mizan which focuses on internal training cooperation still occurs in the dichotomy of departments and sectoral egos and external cooperation with less developed companies and even tiered apprenticeship program cooperation no longer exists. 3) the implementation of the training Program at BLKK Al-Mizan focusing on the implementation of competency-based training (CBT) has not been fully implemented. 4) evaluation of training at BLKK Al-Mizan showed that the assessment of training services has been carried out but the results are limited to the basis for recognition of students and the Al-Mizan Islamic boarding school environment. 5) support the function and use of training management at BLKK Al-Mizan to the function of improving digital literacy in the Al-Mizan Islamic boarding school. The researcher concluded that the management of digital literacy-based work practice training in the boarding school environment runs effectively and equips students to be technologically literate, this is also reflected in the students themselves in the use of digital-based books.

Abstract The quality of an educational institution, one of which is a boarding school, is influenced by the quality of the main program at the pesantren. A main program will determine the output of the pesantren. This study aims to explore and identify the superior main management of the Al-Madani Islamic Boarding School Cikalong, Majalengka. Management studies emphasize the planning, implementation, and evaluation of flagship programs. This research uses a qualitative research approach with the type of case study research. Collecting data in this study using in-depth interviews and literature study. The results of this study include: (1) the flagship program of the Al-Madani Islamic Boarding School, namely the Tahfizul Qur'an program, (2) the implementation of the Tahfizul Qur'an program has been carried out intensely since the 3rd grade of junior high school, (3) the evaluation of this program is carried out with the parents of students . Keywords: Management, Featured Program, Tahfizul Qur'an, Islamic Boarding School Abstrak Kualitas sebuah lembaga pendidikan, salah satunya pondok pesantren dipengaruhi oleh kualitas program unggulan di pesantren tersebut. Sebuah program unggulan akan menentukan output dari pesantren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplor dan mengidentifikasi manajemen program unggulan dari Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani Cikalong, Majalengka. Kajian manajemen ditekankan pada perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi program unggulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini diantaranya: (1) program unggulan Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani yaitu program Tahfizul Qur'an, (2) pelaksanaan program Tahfizul Qur'an dilaksanakan secara intens sejak kelas 3 SMP, (3) Evaluasi program ini dilaksanakan bersama orangtua santri. Kata Kunci: Manajemen, Program Unggulan, Tahfizul Qur'an, Pesantren Abstract The quality of an educational institution, one of which is a boarding school, is influenced by the quality of the main program at the pesantren. A main program will determine the output of the pesantren. This study aims to explore and identify the superior main management of the Al-Madani Islamic Boarding School Cikalong, Majalengka. Management studies emphasize the planning, implementation, and evaluation of flagship programs. This research uses a qualitative research approach with the type of case study research. Collecting data in this study using in-depth interviews and literature study. The results of this study include: (1) the flagship program of the Al-Madani Islamic Boarding School, namely the Tahfizul Qur'an program, (2) the implementation of the Tahfizul Qur'an program has been carried out intensely since the 3rd grade of junior high school, (3) the evaluation of this program is carried out with the parents of students . Keywords: Management, Featured Program, Tahfizul Qur'an, Islamic Boarding School

Communication skills in building an interactional atmosphere or interactional competence are future research in improving learning quality. The learning process in pesantren was usually one-way from the teacher to the students. This study aims to elaborate on applying ten principles for future research on interactional communication skills in the learning process at Mahad Assalam Qur'anic Boarding School. The analysis used qualitative methods. The data collection techniques were document studies, interviews, and observations. The results indicated that Mahad Assalam Qur'anic Boarding School had not fully implemented the ten interactional skills. The weakness was the management's lack of transparency regarding standard operating procedures, causing this research to be unable to confirm between interview data and the written documents. Non-disclosure regarding formal operating procedures documents can cause obstacles in applying the same standards and replicating learning methods. Interactional communication between teachers and students in the learning process and interpersonal relationships have been established. This finding allowed the continuation of the implementation of interactional communication skills after the learning process.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the role of Islamic boarding schools in shaping the character of their students. In this study, the author uses data collection techniques through case studies with purposive interview methods and field observations, thus this research is in the form of qualitative which is supported by books, magazines, and other sources as references that are used in order to solve the problem. The results of the study can be concluded that the role of the Miftahul Huda Islamic Boarding School with all aspects, elements and activities carried out routinely and continuously with supervision carried out 24 hours is very large and significant in shaping the character of students.

This research stems from the anxiety that Islamic boarding schools seen as Islamic educational institutions have different understandings in interpreting religious teachings, so their actualization in society is also different. Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School is more moderate, thus it is highlighted as an Islamic educational institution used as a breeding ground for terrorism. This research aims to determine the concept and the implications of education and religious understanding at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Muayyad Surakarta in the community. The type of this research applied descriptive qualitative method of field studies. The data collection used observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, the analysis employed the interpretation of cohesion with the verstehen method. This method means an interpretation attempted to explain the observed sociological phenomena in accordance with the meaning given by the object being observed. The results indicate that the Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School as a traditional Islamic educational institution aims to understand and practice Islamic teachings by emphasizing moral values. The concept of Islamic education implemented by Al-Muayyad Islamic Boarding School is in the process of creating integrated values and students’ personalities. First, the commitment of Islamic education to tafaqquh fi al-din. Second, long term education. Third, the concept of integrative education. Fourth, to display the concept of Islamic education as a whole. Al-Muayyad as a salafiyah Islamic Education places Islam as a manhaj al-fikr, building an Islamic character that is tawasuth and inclusive. Aswaja as manhaj al-fikr provides a frame in the creation of Islam respecting tradition, pluralism, tolerance, democracy and other humanistic values in accordance with the concept of maqashid al-syariah which includes five basic human rights. The concept of jihad is comprehended as a form of attitude and response to existing human values, in addition to Al-Muayyad as a sub-culture of society.

Student self-efficacy is related to the belief of individuals doing daily activities in boarding schools. This study aims to describe the positive behavior performed by Kiai and Nyai to improve student self-efficacy. Research Methods use qualitative methods with case studies. Data is obtained by interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis uses content analysis. The results showed that Kiai and Nyai's positive behavior could improve students' self-efficacy. Examples of Kiai and Nyai's behavior include giving positive values such as honesty, patience, gratitude, self-acceptance, and self-assessment. The increase in student self-efficacy can start with oneself solving problems encountered in school. Kiai and Nyai as role models and behaviors of Islamic values can be applied by counselors to change students in a better direction to be happy. The implication is that counselors need to set an example, strengthening students' positive values so as to increase self-efficacy

This study aims to determine the implementation of the kitab kuning learning as an effort to form the religious character of the tarbiyatul akhlaq Islamic boarding school students, using a qualitative approach with the type of case study. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis by means of data collection, data reduction, display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study explain the implementation of the yellow book learning in the Tarbiyatul Akhlaq Islamic Boarding School by paying attention to three important things, namely the learning system which consists of ma'hadiyah education, madrasiyah education, and moral education. Second, pay attention to the studied yellow book material which consists of nahwu science, sorof, fiqih, kaidah fiqh, hadith, hadith science, tafsir, science of tafsir, tauhid, tasawuf, knowledge of morality, date and balaghah, science of faroid. The book An-nashaih Ad-diniyah and the book Ayyuhal walad which are the main studies in the tarbiyatul akhlaq Islamic boarding school in order to improve the religious attitudes of students, especially in the moral aspect, which contains wise advice in moral and spiritual education accompanied by examples and experiences of people former role model. Third, pay attention to the learning method which consists of lecture, question and answer method, story, discussion, assignment, memorization, and application of reward and punishment.

The study aims to reveal the existence of the traditional pesantren education system (salaf) in shaping the morals of students in the midst of modernizing education. Traditional Islamic boarding schools are currently till a reference for the community, even thousands of people who participate in activities held by traditional pesantren, such as recitation and istighosah. The method used in this study was a case study using a qualitative research approach. This research had the subject of the kyai, teacher, male student, and female student at the Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School, OKU, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. This study was analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s data analysis techniques : data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion and verification. This study found that the resilience of the pesantren education system in shaping the morals of students in the era of globalization had strong endurance and continuity because it has four system functions. First, the system of adaptation to the pesantren education environment is carried out with a twenty-four-hour education pattern to shape the students' morals. Second, Islamic boarding schools have educational goals to shape the personality of students who have noble characters. Third, the integration of pesantren has integrated both the institutional system and the curriculum. Fourth, there is the maintenance of the cultural pattern (latency) of the value system in the pesantren.

The purpose of this study was to find and analyze informal language environment based on multiple intelligences theory, and to find the achievements of Darul Muttaqien Islamic Boarding School Bogor in learning Arabic, both academic and non-academic achievements.This research was field research conducted at Tarbiyatul Mu'allimin wal Mu’allimât al-Islâmiyyah (TMI) class II and class V which is equivalent to the level of Madrasah Tsanawiyah class II and Madrasah Aliyah class II Darul Muttaqien Islamic Boarding School Bogor since July 2017 up to August 2018. This research was qualitative, using case study methods with steps: a) Analysis of findings continuously in the field, b) Grouping and organizing data, c) Making systematic notes and reading literature about other studies about relevant issues to obtain a framework that fits the findings in the field, and d) Evaluate each of the steps taken to avoid mistakes or sharpen the focus of the ongoing research. Data collection methods were in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions, and documentation. There were two types of data in this study: First, primary data was obtained from interviews, observation results, Focus Group Discussion results, and Lessson Plan/RPP/I'dâd Tadrîs, informal language environments, and learning evaluation. Second, secondary data is obtained from books, research journals, magazines, print and electronic media. This study proved that learning Arabic with Howard Gardner’s Multiple intelligences theory approach has a positive effect and very effective in improving students' language skills. Islamic boarding school with integrated, integrative and comprehensive education system has applied this theory in the process of learning Arabic, both in class and in the Islamic boarding school environment with the support of kyai, teachers, and representative facilities.

The presence of the era of society 5.0 has a positive impact on every individual, one of which is the creation of the widest possible employment opportunities to improve the welfare of society, including women. However, in reality, until now, there are still many women who have not been absorbed in every moment of recruitment in various institutions, both public and private institutions. This paper seeks to reveal the praxis and model of equality in education in Islamic boarding schools in gender responsiveness. This research method has a multi-site study design, namely a qualitative research design involving more than one site that has the same principles as a single case study. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and document studies. Then analyzed through data reduction, display verification data. The results showed that the implementation of education at the Al-Kautsar Lawangan Daya Pamekasan Islamic Boarding School both provided the widest opportunity for all students, including female students, to complete their education to college wherever they wanted, and not infrequently alumnus female students Islamic boarding schools who continue abroad. Gender responsiveness is implied by giving equal portions between male and female students to explore their respective live skills in the form of policies and structured learning.

The trend of information and communication technology (ICT) in education has become something that is very much needed for the development of education and learning in Indonesia. The integration of ICT in the learning process in Islamic boarding schools is still not optimal. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors that influence ICT integration in the learning process in Islamic boarding schools in the East Lombok. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using several case studies. The data sources on the research were 32 Islamic Boarding School in east Lombok. While the technique of collecting data used survey, interview, and focus group discussion The results of this study revealed two main themes, barriers and support. Barriers are classified into two groups: teacher factors and institutional support factors (Islamic Boarding school). Teachers include lack of time, lack of qualified human resources and the complexity of ICT integration. At the same time, the factors are limited infrastructure, lack of training, lack of access, and lack of technical support. The use of ICT can increase students' creativity. As for the carrying capacity that they believe ICT use during teaching practice can improve their performance, leadership support is also a key factor determining the integration of ICT during the learning process.

Development of pesantren role in empowering the community is one of the important efforts to strengthen the role of people in development because the government still faces a variety of cultural and structural problems, as well as the private sector tends to deviate to gain unilateral advantages. In exercising their development, empowerment is an approach that is relevant to strengthen the role of the community (civil society). The research objective was to analyze (1) the values instilled in the process of establishing the independence of the students through economy civic, (2) conceptual model and praxis of strengthening economy civic in establishing the independence of students as a form of good governance, (3) the factors strengthening economy civic in establish independence of students as a form of good governance. This study used a qualitative approach with case study method. Data collected through interviews, observation, documentation studies and literature studies. Subjects of research include builder boarding schools, boarding schools administrators, and students. Qualitative data analysis consists of three activities, namely data reduction, a data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results showed some things (1) the values of self-reliance of students of pesantren Al-Ittifaq is highlight the work ethic, high discipline, and ready for hard work, (2) conceptual model in establishing the independence of students with learning system AKOSA (naturally, pointed out, though, and apply). Praxis in forming the independence of the students through the formation of the core committee of agribusiness, doing practical training, forming Agribusiness Incubator Center (PIA), cooperation / partnership, and formed working groups agribusiness. As a manifestation of good governance pesantren Al-Ittifaq role as the private sector to foster public economic activities around the village of Natural Endah through cooperative Al-Ittifaq, while as civil society has been able to interact actively with various activities such as religious, economic, educational, social, and political. (3) The internal factors strengthening economic civic been producing products ranging from production (vegetables and livestock), packing, and marketing and external factors natural conditions Desa Alam Endah fertile, has been establishment of cooperation with farmers' groups, government agencies (Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, and the Ministry of Social Affairs), educational institutions, businesses (Yogya Group, Toserba Banjaran, Kopo Mall).

Abstract— Education and the body are closely related. School as a means of education does not only transfer knowledge to students, but also hones awareness of their bodies. However, in the field, it shows that Madurese female students who study in Madura do not realize that their bodies are the objects of power relations that operate through a hidden curriculum. This research tries to explain the cause. In order to obtain data about it, a case study approach, as a cluster of qualitative methods, was used in this field work. The data, which were mostly obtained from unstructured interviews, were then explained using social body studies. The results of this study indicate that the body as an object of power relations appears in the regulation of the use of the headscarf (“Jilbab”)for Madurese female students, especially those who attend SMPN 1 Labang, Bangkalan. Thus, the public schools there seem to discipline Madurese female students as if they are undergoing a regular Islamic boarding school or madrasah education almost everyday life. Keywords—: Social Body Studies; Education; MadureseFemale Students.

<p>Nationalism is a form of expression of the love of citizens in the country's homeland. Today many young generations start to fade the soul of its nationalism so researchers want to know how the institution of boarding schools implanted nationalism to the students. This research took location in Sunan Gunungjati Ba’alawy Boarding School, Gunungpati, Semarang. The theory used in this study was the action theory put forward by Max Weber. This type of research is case studies, data is taken with in-depth interview techniques, observations, and documentation. Researcher use purposive sampling techniques and to ensure the validity of the used data triangulation source. From the results of the study can be concluded that the strategi of Sunan Gunung Jati Ba’alawy Boarding School in instilling nationalism is done with daily activities conducted by students, such as when living in the hut, to do something inside the hut. Through the activities of the week and every month, such as Roan, grave pilgrimage, study, Khitobah, and so forth. And also annual activities, such as activities on Islamic holidays, the Prophet's mawlid days, to the agenda activities of the country. Some factors that support among them are the concern of the surrounding community, teachers who can always be an example, the enthusiasm of students, and also good relations with the TNI and Police. But there are some things that become barriers, such as natural condition, students who had less sensitive to the surrounding. The implementation of this research will be expected to be a good example of other formal and non-formal education in cultivating nationalism to the younger generation.</p><p> </p>

Al-Islam Tsanawiya boarding and junior high school are the educational institution that prepare its students to enroll higher education. It needs integrity and good educational environment for student to develop their creativity in involving social live, possessing ability to compete and becoming good citizenship for the nation’s future. Therefore, it is the requirements for teacher to have professional attitude and creativity as educator in improving school environment in general and teaching and learning process at classroom environment. For it is from the creative teacher having sense to seek and to find out new information the creative students will be raised. The role of school principal as motivator, supervisor and facilitator gives an enormous effect in supporting and developing the ability of the teacher to improve their services in learning and teaching process to develop learning achievement. This research uncovers the development of Islamic studies teacher in improving students’ learning discipline as the effort to improve students achievement reflected by the development of professional ability of the teacher. The purpose of this research is to grab the picture of how the development of MTs and SMP students’ discipline is carried out by the Islamic studies teacher in Bandung. This research employs case study approach; the objects of the research are viewed as a single unit. The data are collected by observation, interviews, documentary studies and purposive sample. The finding shows that the principle roles, the Islamic studies teacher as trainer, facilitator, motivator, supervisor in implementing curriculum through creativity development have the enormous effect in developing students’ achievements. It can be realistically noticed that the implementation of Islamic studies teacher development in developing students’ learning discipline in Tsanawiya boarding and junior high school in Bandung shows the improvement in teaching services through facilities and infrastructures improvement, and the quantity of prospective students improvement. The enhancement of welfare likely affects the improvement of the qualities of graduation and the acceptance of the input and outcome. The benefit of this research is this; to develop students’ achievement, it is needed the optimum development of teacher professionals in programmed and integrated way by educational stakeholder, principal, and professional organization. The writer recommends the study of technical instructions, teacher group of the same subject cluster in intensive way to produce professionals that can provide the optimum learning and teaching process for students

Pesantren Arafah Kota Sungai Penuh is a boarding school attached to Islamization, where every student is required to be able to perform the prayer properly and correctly. With the current teaching-learning process, while teacher still using gestures or still using whiteboards and markers as a medium of learning, so students tend to get bored and difficult to understand, memorize and learn that is taught by the teacher. This research was conducted to make the application related to the obligatory multimedia-based prayer guidance, so that students are easier to remember, understand and study the prayer guidance. The methods used in making this application include; analyze the problem, make designing, make the application program using Macomedia flash 8 software ends by testing. This app consists of three most important parts. First, the input contains the data required in this application. Second, the file that serves as a liaison between the flash and then the data will be displayed into the flash. And third, is making the application on flash as the end of this application. From the results of application testing mandatory prayer-based multimedia can be obtained that by using this application students learn more easily to understand a material. With the construction of multimedia-based applications is expected to increase student motivation in learning and can be easy to memorize, understand and study the mandatory prayer guidance.

Curriculum is an important instrument for success in education, because without an appropriate curriculum it will be difficult to achieve educational goals. Many students have difficulty in learning foreign languages such as learning Arabic, of all of them, Mu'allimin Mu'allimat boarding school uses Different curriculum, after researchers conducted interviews with teachers who teach there, the real aim of students is clever in writing, reading Arabic writing, and memorizing Arabic rules of learning. As for the other characteristics in Arabic language learning materials there using the books of Turkish.Researchers here use a qualitative approach and analytic descriptive case studies which reveal the characteristics and strengths of schools that are different from the others, while the data collection methods used by researchers are observation, interviews and documents. In the validity of the data the researcher uses 4 steps: checking the accuracy of the data, conclusions of the data, usefulness of the data and confirming the data.As for the results of this study, the Arabic language teaching curriculum at the school is 1) The purpose of the school is that students can be clever in writing, reading and memorizing Arabic language rules. 2) the material used in this school is Arabic language learning based on Islamic boarding school curriculum. 3) the method used is the audiolingual method, the qoidah and tarjamah or bandongan method, the memorization method, the singing method, the imla method 'and the reading method. The memorization method and the bandongan method are characteristics of the pesantren curriculum. 4) The evaluation used is using the pesantren curriculum evaluation with 3 methods, namely written test, Arabic book reading test, and memorization test. But in this school there are additional special oral tests on Nahwu subjects.

Financial inclusion refers to the use of financial services such as electronic money. Digital money receives tremendous attention globally, from buyers to sellers, as an alternative form of payment. The passions on this technology enormous and infectious, therefore attracting more followers from large merchant to smaller one including the cooperative. School cooperative serves as a center of economic with a wide range of activities, such as mini market, canteen, to serve the needs of students, teachers, and people in the surrounding area. One of the programs launched by the Central Bank of Indonesia is a financial inclusion to increase the financial literacy of people living in the remote area. In this case, Islamic conventional boarding school cooperative can become influencers in most of the surrounding community to attract people’s interest to adopt the technology. The purpose of this inquiry is to find out factors influencing the adoption of mobile payment and user’s intention and decision to adopt m-payment. Authors proposed an innovative research model based on the theory of technology acceptance model with the innovation characteristics of the diffusion of innovations, perceived security and intention to recommend the technology. The research model has empirically tested at 205 employees Islamic boarding schools across four regions. The independent variables under study include perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived credibility, subjective norms, and trust while the dependent variables are mobile payment adoption and intention to recommend the technology. The study uses structural equation modeling as a tool for analysis. The result indicated that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms have a significant influence on the adoption of mobile payment. The study also confirmed the relevance of users’ intention to recommend mobile payment technology. Thus, future research needs to include social media campaigns and technology adoption studies. For researchers, the result of this study act as a basis for further refinement of personal technology acceptance model. For practitioners, understanding the key constructs is crucial to design, refine, and implement mobile payment services, applications, and products that achieve high consumer acceptance, value, and high rates of positive recommendations in social networks.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which the mobility of indigenous people in Victoria during the 1960s enabled them to resist the policy of assimilation as evident in the structures of schooling. It argues that the ideology of assimilation was pervasive in the Education Department’s approach to Aboriginal education and inherent in the curriculum it produced for use in state schools. This is central to the construction of the state of Victoria as being devoid of Aboriginal people, which contributes to a particularly Victorian perspective of Australia’s national identity in relation to indigenous people and culture. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilises the state school records of the Victorian Department of Education, as well as the curriculum documentation and resources the department produced. It also examines the records of the Aborigines Welfare Board. Findings The Victorian Education Department’s curriculum constructed a narrative of learning and schools which denied the presence of Aboriginal children in classrooms, and in the state of Victoria itself. These representations reflect the Department and the Victorian Government’s determination to deny the presence of Aboriginal children, a view more salient in Victoria than elsewhere in the nation due to the particularities of how Aboriginality was understood. Yet the mobility of Aboriginal students – illustrated in this paper through a case study – challenged both the representations of Aboriginal Victorians, and the school system itself. Originality/value This paper is inspired by the growing scholarship on Indigenous mobility in settler-colonial studies and offers a new perspective on assimilation in Victoria. It interrogates how curriculum intersected with the position of Aboriginal students in Victorian state schools, and how their position – which was often highly mobile – was influenced by the practices of assimilation, and by Aboriginal resistance and responses to assimilationist practices in their lives. This paper contributes to histories of assimilation, Aboriginal history and education in Victoria.

The purpose of national education in Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System chapter II article 3 emphasizes the aspect of faith and devotion, the second aspect is noble character. However, the practice of education in Indonesia is still not in accordance with the functions and objectives of national education. Pesantren is an appropriate model of education in fostering noble character because students are fully trained and accustomed to filling their sight, hearing and heart with content that is beneficial for their lives. The tahfidz approach is the right approach in fostering noble character because the series of processes in tahfidz activities are able to bring students closer to the Qur'an and Allah. The problem of students' morals is caused by several things including an inappropriate approach, an atmosphere or culture that is not yet supportive, teacher competence, and the lack of adequate human resources for tahfidz teachers. The approach used in this study is a qualitative interactive mode of inquiry approach. The method used is descriptive analytical method with a variety of case studies. While the data collection techniques are observation/observation, participation, interviews, and literature study. The conclusion is that the Pesantren Leader and the team that was formed made a context analysis document as a study in planning. The planning of Islamic religious education in order to foster noble character in the two Islamic boarding schools, namely the Tahfidz Misbahunnur Islamic Boarding School in Cimahi City and the Darul Arqom Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School in Garut Regency, is stated in the pesantren curriculum document. The implementation of Islamic religious education management is carried out through the tahfidz approach. The two pesantren set a number of indicators of the success of the Islamic religious education management process in fostering noble character through the tahfidz approach, namely: obedience to Allah and His Messenger, enthusiasm, tolerance, carefulness, thoroughness, compassion, patience and honesty.

This paper aims to identify and synthesise research related to industry perspectives of industry school partnerships (ISPs) with primary and secondary students globally. A systematic review of ISP studies published between 2001 and 2021 that included industry perspectives was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. This focused systematically ordered review of industry perspectives of ISPs elicited four key findings: Limited research specifically focusing on industry participants’ perceptions of career and knowledge sharing ISPs exist. The most common reasons for participation included promoting careers and/or their industry, and enhancing community goodwill. The most common barriers or challenges in participating included time, budget and process constraints, and understanding the partnership’s impact. Communication, trust, relationships, and setting clear goals are often important features highlighted for successful partnerships. The recommendations from this review will be used to design, deliver and evaluate ISPs which aim to benefit agricultural industry participants. Future research will apply the findings from this review to a rural case site in Victoria, Australia, focused on agricultural ISPs aimed at increasing students’ aspirations for a career in the sector. This is vital as agriculture is an important industry in this region, yet many students are unaware of the range of career opportunities available to them.

This research is based on the problem that the social conditions that occur in the community greatly affect life at school, either directly or indirectly, not only in high-level schools. The problems include violations of the norms prevailing in society. The problems that are often encountered are the presence of students who lack respect for the teacher, brawls, violence between other students, fornography and so on. Another thing that is considered to be an influence on student development is the progress of technology and information today, especially the use of social media, infiltration because the maturity and mental readiness of students has not been balanced. Therefore, the implementation of moral development is starting to become a necessity in educational institutions, in finding solutions. This research aims to identify and analyze: (1) Planning, (2) Organizing, (3) Implementation, (4) Supervision, (5) Obstacles in implementation and (6) Solutions to the problem of implementing the Sufism approach in fostering the noble character of junior high school students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected by using triangulation techniques using interviews, document studies, and field observations. The research location is SMP Plus Darussurur and SMP Raodlotul U'lum Bandung. The research subjects were the principal, the head of the plus program and the head of the boarding school and teachers. Analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Four important foundations used in this research include theological, philosophical, 6 (six) value systems and theoretical foundations. Then the theory underlying this research is the theory of management, noble character and the theory of tawasuf. The conclusion from this research is that the management approach of Sufism habituation in fostering noble character has been well programmed and shows that there is a common perception from the foundation leadership, school principals, and teachers and students, but in its implementation it has not been effective because it is still found that student behavior is not appropriate. with the demands of the noble character of students.

The purpose of this paper is to find out how the Foster Mother owns the role to assist and become a leader to cultivate English in the Foreign Language Development Institution, so that the English-language culture of students can take part in this era by preaching religious knowledge in English. With its role, Foster Mother as a determinant of success of institutional students run with management functions which include: Planning, organizing, movement, control and evaluation. As well as foster mothers also play with their role, such as using a democratic style, providing motivation and giving awards to students so that students can carry out an English-language culture within the Foreign Language Development Institution. And in the English-speaking environment Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School has the characteristic which always be use English for about 24 hours in a day, conducting intensive studies, and speaking English with Islamic values. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collection conducted by researchers is interview techniques. The object of research is the English-language culture which in this case is the leadership role of the Guardian Asuh.

In the context of the teaching of the Malay Language, the success in implementing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is highly dependant upon the ability of the teachers to immerse the skills while teaching the language under typical classroom settings. The mastery of aspects of any given language, like vocabulary, spelling, structure, proficiency, variety, level, and articulation, enables students to form ideas in very clear and precise ways that later get translated into writings that are succinct and lucid. Teachers are therefore responsible in emphasizing and ensuring that students understand a given language well while learning in class, and particularly when they write essays. The purpose of this study is to get a holistic insight into how the processes of teaching and learning are carried out based on HOTS in argumentative essay writing. This study employs a qualitative case study design with voluntary participation from two participants. The research was conducted at a boarding school in Selangor. Three data collection techniques were used in this study, namely, in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis of the argumentative essays written by the students. Research findings revealed that the teachers have adopted a teaching and learning method using figuratives, proverbs, and words of wisdom as one of the strategies to help students develop their higer order thinking skills in argumentative essay writing.

Focus of this research is how the exemplary method of the teacher (uswatun hasanah) in character education for students of MA Nurul Huda Pakandangan Barat Bluto Sumenep? and how is the implementation of the exemplary teacher method (uswatun hasanah) in character education for MA Nurul Huda Pakandangan Barat students Bluto Sumenep? The approach used by researchers in this study is a qualitative-field approach. Case studies are thorough and in-depth. It is called comprehensive, because what is important is the integrity of the knowledge about the case under study which is a special event in itself, and is called in-depth because case studies are not used to test the truth of a hypothesis, but to explore the truth. The data from this study are the results of interviews with all teachers of the Islamic Boarding School Nurul Huda Pakandangan Barat, Bluto District, Sumenep Regency. The data collection procedure used in this study was an observation interview and documentation. The stages of data analysis in this study include data reduction, including checking and organizing data, displaying data or presenting data and conclusions or verification. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors can draw conclusions from this research that the exemplary method of the teacher (Uswatun Hasanah) in character education for students of MA Nurul Huda Pakandangan Barat Bluto Sumenep includes gentleness, compassion, habituation, quranic stories and sanctions. Meanwhile, the implementation of the exemplary teacher method (Uswatun Hasanah) in character education for MA Nurul Huda Pakandangan Barat students Bluto Sumenep Sumenep includes courtesy, helping attitude, discipline, honesty and religiousness

<p>The success of a learning process is very closely related to the process of interaction. In Islamic boarding schools, a religious teacher besides becoming a teacher must become uswah / example in instilling religious values and moral values. In addition, the interaction between the religious teacher and students is expected to provide understanding to students including the ability of cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of religious teacher and student interaction, the process of interaction between religious teacher and students, and the impact of interaction between religious teacher and students in the cottage. boarding school Mambaul Hisan Blitar. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case studies, using data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis in this study uses data condensation, data display, and verification. The results of this study indicate that 1) the interaction between the cleric and the santri consists of three forms, namely one-way interaction, two-way interaction and multi-way interaction. 2) The process of educational interactions occurs in two kinds, namely outside and inside the teaching-learning process. 3) The impact of the interaction that was built between the cleric and the santri was to add insight into the religious scholarship of the santri, making the santri always prioritize aspects of the morality of the mercy, words in kromo, good manners and good social ethics, santri were more responsible and disciplined in carrying out their obligations</p><p><em><strong>Keywords: interaction pattern; learning process</strong></em></p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

Purpose Recently with increased legislative support and evidence-based studies on the importance of education for children with disabilities in China, special education programs and intervention and rehabilitation services have received more and more attention. There are limited studies on special education programs for children with disabilities located in China’s rural areas. This paper aims to select one special education program in China’s northeast rural area with a special focus on its curriculum design, accommodative services and teacher qualifications. Recommendations were provided on how to modify the curriculum to meet each child’s special needs, increase social interaction among children, increase teacher qualifications and improve teacher family collaboration. Design/methodology/approach The participating program serves orphans and children with disabilities between 6 and 18 years old and provides them 9-year free education, along with free textbooks, uniforms, food and boarding. Currently, there are approximately 100 students and 40 teachers, one director and one nurse. The teacher/staff and student ratio is 1:3. Data were collected through classroom observation and interviews. Afterward, the interview data were transcribed. Data were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step approach. The researcher reviewed the collected data, then coded the data and reviewed, refined and revised the codes, and finally themes and sub-themes were identified with quotations that support each theme/sub-theme. Findings The identified themes are accommodations, education plan and curriculum and teacher qualifications. Accommodations include, but are not limited to, visual and hearing aids. National unity textbooks were adopted, along with national syllabus objectives, as a guideline for instruction and evaluation of child progress. Teachers also adjust curriculum-based students’ individual needs. All teachers hold an associate degree in special education, and those who teach specials hold a higher degree in the specialty area. Given that there is no speech language pathologist, physical therapist, or occupational therapist, teachers with rich working experiences in the related field serve as special professionals. Research limitations/implications The current research reports the program design, accommodations for children with disabilities, curriculum and syllabus, parent/guardian role and teacher qualifications in the selected school. Given that the current study focuses on only one school located in the rural area of China’s northeast, it may represent special education programs in rural China, but it is hard to be generalized to provide a big picture of China’s special education programs in more developed, metropolitan areas. Practical implications The selected school offers accommodative services to students with disabilities; adjusts its curriculum to make it developmentally appropriate; and offers educational, medical and rehabilitation services to promote student development to the maximum. The selected school should improve teacher quality, increase social interaction between children with and without disabilities, modify the curriculum to cater to individuals with different severities of disabilities and increase family professional collaboration. Originality/value There is limited study on special education programs for young children with disabilities in China’s rural area. The current study fills this gap and studies a special education school that offers services to children as young as six years old located in a small town in the northeast of China. The special focus of the study includes program curriculum, accommodations, rehabilitation and intervention services and teacher qualifications in this program.

Scabies is one of the most common itchy dermatoses, mainly in vulnerable age groups such as young children and the elderly. Although rarely fatal, it can lead to several severe complications. Its occurrence has been attributed to low-income countries, low socioeconomic level, lack of knowledge of scabies and preventive health behaviors, overcrowding, and poor sanitation. This review aims to determine the risk factors for scabies in children. Materials and methods. The search was performed in 4 main databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, World of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The target population was school children (community/boarding/primary school) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The case studies articles, narrative articles, review papers, and articles focusing on general skin outcomes were excluded from this review. Results. A total of 11 studies were included in this review after systematic assessment and appraisal. Scabies infection is significantly higher in children living in the urban areas with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 6.9 times compared to rural areas. Scabies occurrence in children is significantly higher in illiterate parents (aOR = 3.49), low annual household income (aOR = 2.13), inaccessibility and poor utilization of water (aOR = 1.64), and large families (family size >4) (aOR = 1.82). School factors that are significant risk factors for scabies include the level of education (aOR = 1.67), number of students per dormitory ≤ 10 (aOR = 6.99), and no access to the school infirmary (aOR = 1.62). Individual factors such as poor personal hygiene (aOR = 1.69) and environmental factors such as high temperature and low humidity (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.37) also significantly contribute to scabies infection. Conclusion. Risk factors for scabies are multifactorial, including sociodemographic factors, parent socioeconomic status, housing, family, school, individual and environmental factors. Hence, public health interventions should address all the factors to ensure effective prevention and control of scabies among children. Key words: scabies, systematic review, children, risk factors

The research revealed and explained the main contradictions in the impact of learning environment on the formation of interpsychological supports that allow a graduate with intellectual disabilities (ID) to make an independent professional choice and successfully find a job in the future. The study involved graduates of general education schools and special boarding schools with ID (N=742) living in Russia, Ukraine and Poland. The study consistently proved that the psychological mechanisms that determine the ability of a student with ID to perform actions according to a known algorithm, to manifest independence, to accept workplace discipline, formed by the learning environment of a correctional school, do not work in case of any change in conditions, methods of activity and multitasking present in the open labour market. The level of development of logical operations in a homogeneous environment does not lead the student to the search for a new solution to the problem; quite the reverse, it leads to the wrong solution or to the refusal of activity. The experiment indicated that the learning environment that develops the social competence in students with ID, triggers the mechanisms of group interaction in a heterogeneous environment to expand the boundaries of their social experience and transfer skills to new conditions of activity is the key leverage that activates the thinking and search activity.

Speak Wisely in Social Media: Workshop on Application of Literacy in Social Media at Nafidatunnajah Islamic Boarding School, a theme that deserves to be brought up considering the fact that misuse of social media can violate the ITE Law and Indonesian netizens are ranked worst in Southeast Asia. The need for social media is unavoidable. Hate speech and bullying through social media often lead to criminal acts, meanwhile the use of social media among students cannot be avoided. Therefore, through our PKM activities, we provide enlightenment, discussion and dialogue regarding how they are the students of the Nafidatunnajah pesantren. Through a persuasive approach, we provide an overview of the facts of positive and negative use in real life. By using case studies and SWOT analysis in developing planning strategies by considering internal and external factors by looking at strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Through interactive games, all students / students are invited to solve several problems and solutions that must be taken to get input and brainstorming. Furthermore, PKM Team provides directions and solutions on how to use language in social media. By identifying facts and input through dialogue in the field, we conclude that enlightenment and literacy in the use of social media must continue to be carried out so that students realize that in addition to the great benefits that social media offers, there are negative things that can be detrimental.

Abstract. In this article, I work toward producing understandings of learning as liminal and as located in a liminal space. Framed as learning through the in-between, I engage with the concept of liminality as a way of unravelling the complexity of the practice of learning at the museum. Deploying data from video-based case studies of 40 school students' engagements with learning over the course of a visit to Museum Victoria, Australia, and utilising an analytic of assemblage, I map the spatial dynamics of learning in action. From analyses undertaken, it is argued that liminal spaces of learning open up in museum education and have a special salience. They have the potential to jump start the learner out of a comfortable state of mind and into a state of productive uncertainty. They also serve as a location for potential critique. More broadly, these analyses direct attention to the centrality of material practice and agency to liminality and liminal learning.

However, along with the times, pesantren have not only opened religious-based schools, but also public schools that provide general knowledge (natural, social, and language) to their students. Educational formalities in pesantren were also proposed so that pesantren alumni could continue their education to public schools. There are three main problems in this paper by reconstructing the pesantren education system, as follows; (1) the relationship between pesantren and the outside world, (2) the relationship between pesantren and science and technology, and (3) the epistemology of Islamic Science in Pesantren Sains (Trensains).�The qualitative�descriptive method is the choice in this study. This research is a qualitative field study with case studies. In order to obtain comprehensive data and pay attention to the relationship between the data and the focus and objectives of the research, data collection in this study used three techniques, namely (1) interviews, (2) participant observation: (3) research documentation. Research activities in data analysis include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. From this research, it can be found that the interaction of science and technology with science cannot be denied. So pesantren must be prepared to deal with it. There are several Islamic boarding schools that have interacted with science and technology, both of which have greatly influenced the style of education, one of which is the Tebuireng Science Boarding School (Trensains). Santri are invited to study religion (Qur'an) as well as to study the verses of Kauniyah contained in it.Keywords: Interaction, Pesantren, Science, Technology

The problem of learning foreign languages has always been a barrier in the process of learning interaction that makes foreign languages a scourge for students. This also creates certain difficulties for teachers in carrying out the process of teaching foreign languages, not to mention talking about the egoism of teachers who fail to see and develop students' language interests. Previous research studies indicate that the problem of learning foreign languages is a psychological problem.This research is a mixed-method study that combines quantitative-qualitative approaches to explain the influence of language interest on students’ learning outcomes at Al-Abroor Modern Islamic Boarding School in South Tapanuli Regency. The data collection methods in this study used interview and questionnaires to determine language interest and students’ learning outcomes by carrying out written test.The sample in this study were 141 students from a population of 380 people. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive statistics to find out students' language interest and learning outcomes both in Arabic and English. The findings of this study indicate that students’ language interest is greater in Arabicwith thelanguage interest percentage at 80.60% and learning outcomes at 63.54%. Meanwhile, the English language interest is at 71.48% with learning outcomes at 28.36%. This finding, thus, shows that the difference in students' language interest in Arabic and English is 9.12% with a difference in learning outcomes of 34.87. This research also shows that language interest grows naturally and internally within students which is then strengthened by other supporting factors. In this case, the Arabic language interest in students grew stronger because of the use of Arabic in other subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that developing language interest can be a factor that supports the successful implementation of language learning.

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia changed learning patterns from offline to online using technology as media. Hence, Arabic language learning must be well designed but still contains elements of 21st century life skills. This study aims to explore the design of 21st century skills-based Arabic learning which was held during the Covid-19 pandemic at Thursina International Islamic Boarding School Malang, Indonesia. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document studies. The data collected were analyzed using the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely reducing, presenting, and verifying. Furthermore, the data is validated using data triangulation and data sources. This research shows that the implementation of 21st century skills can be done online during the Covid-19 pandemic; achievement indicators refer to the content of elements in 21st century skills known as 4C (critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity & inovation) terminology; while the challenges of implementing 21st century skills stem from the skills of teachers in operating technology when presenting subject matter to students. The findings of this study describe that 21st century skills encourage students to become globally competitive human resources. The researcher recommends the next research to test the effectiveness of internalizing 21st century skills with online learning models. Keywords: Arabic Learning Design, Learning Design, Learning Arabic

Digital money receives tremendous attention globally, from buyers to sellers, as an alternative form of payment. The passions on this technology enormous and infectious, therefore attracting more followers from large merchant to smaller one including the cooperative. School cooperative serves as a center of economic with a wide range of activities, such as mini market, canteen, to serve the needs of students, teachers, and people in the surrounding area. One of the programs launched by the Central Bank of Indonesia is a financial inclusion to increase the financial literacy of people living in the remote area. In this case, Islamic conventional boarding school cooperative can become influencers in most of the surrounding community to attract people’s interest to adopt the technology. The purpose of this inquiry is to find out factors influencing the adoption of mobile payment and user’s intention and decision to adopt m-payment. Authors proposed an innovative research model based on the theory of technology acceptance model with the innovation characteristics of the diffusion of innovations, perceived security and intention to recommend the technology. The research model has empirically tested at 205 employees Islamic boarding schools across four regions. The independent variables under study include perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived credibility, subjective norms, and trust while the dependent variables are mobile payment adoption and intention to recommend the technology. The study uses structural equation modeling as a tool for analysis. The result indicated that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms have a significant influence on the adoption of mobile payment. The study also confirmed the relevance of users’ intention to recommend mobile payment technology. Thus, future research needs to include social media campaigns and technology adoption studies. For researchers, the result of this study act as a basis for further refinement of personal technology acceptance model. For practitioners, understanding the key constructs is crucial to design, refine, and implement mobile payment services, applications, and products that achieve high consumer acceptance, value, and high rates of positive recommendations in social networks.

The morality / character of the nation's students has collapsed. This is marked by the rise of bullying, child anarchism, mass contests, free sex and so on. Seeing the importance of the role of etiquette in human life, the education world should think more seriously about the concept of planting etiquette in its students, so that the introduction and cultivation of etiquette must begin at an early age. Rasulullah SAW has taught that the example is the main factor of success in educating children. Exemplary is also the best method in children's education, especially in the early childhood period. On this basis the research formulated the formulation of the problem namely (1) How is the concept of Adab in SDI Ar-Roudloh Miru? (2) How is the Implementation of Adab Based Education in SDI Ar-Roudloh Miru-Sekaran-Lamongan? This study uses qualitative research and case studies as its research design. Research subjects in this study were students at SDI Ar-Roudloh. Data collection techniques used were observation, semistructural interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data checking technique uses triangulation techniques. The results of this study include: (1) the formation of students' character at SDI Ar Roudloh is with the Applicative Religious concept. This is evidenced by the existence of Boarding School since students go up to fourth grade. This is expected to be more intensive in applying civilized values ​​that are prioritized by the institution. The etiquette values ​​emphasized and prioritized at SDI Ar Roudloh in this case are divided into three aspects namely; Judging from the pattern of attitudes and behavior to God, patterns of behavior to fellow human beings, patterns of behavior to nature. (2) in implementing civilized education for the formation of students' character by applying the religious concept with the details of the sub-chapters above, there are several stages in order to obtain maximum results, before implementing and informing the values ​​of civilized education to students. In this case the researcher classifies into three stages; first; Socialization, second; Implementation and third; Evaluation.

<p>This article aims to examine the role of <em>pesantren</em> (Indonesian Islamic boarding schools) in West Sumatra in countering religious radicalism. The two <em>pesantren</em> used as case studies are the Pesantren Sumatera Thawalib Parabek Banuhampu and the Perguruan Islam Darul Muwahhidin Panyalaian West Sumatra. This issue is critical to reveal because radicalism targets adults and Islamic boarding school students who are in the process of deepening and understanding religious knowledge. The existence of <em>pesantren</em> in educating students and instilling friendly Islamic values has become a little disturbed by the issue of radicalism which has spread to <em>pesantren</em>. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a historical approach. The reality that occurs in the <em>pesantren</em> is revealed along with the history and background of the establishment of the <em>pesantren</em>. The results of this study indicate that the learning system in <em>pesantren</em> can counteract radicalism through several things, including strengthening the capacity of students, reviewing the curriculum, enlightening teachers and employees regarding radicalism, and having a friendly and tolerant environment for students.</p><p><em>Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran pesantren di Sumatra Barat dalam menangkal paham radikalisme agama. Dua pesantren yang dijadikan studi kasus adalah Pondok Pesantren Sumatra Thawalib Parabek Banuhampu dan Perguruan Islam Darul Muwahhidin Panyalaian Sumatra Barat. Isu ini penting diungkap karena radikalisme ternyata tidak hanya menyasar orang dewasa namun juga santri pesantren yang sedang berproses dalam mendalami dan memahami ilmu agama. Keberadaan pesantren dalam mendidik santri dan menanamkan nilai-nilai Islam yang ramah menjadi sedikit terganggu dengan adanya isu radikalisme telah menjalar ke pesantren. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan historis, realitas yang terjadi di pesantren diungkap bersamaan dengan histori dan latar belakang berdirinya pesantren. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pembelajaran di pesantren dapat menangkal radikalisme melalui beberapa hal, di antaranya: penguatan kapasitas santri, peninjauan kurikulum, pencerahan bagi guru dan pegawai terkait radikalisme dan adanya lingkungan yang ramah dan toleran bagi santri.</em></p>

Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) has been contributing to build moderate character for Muslims in Indonesia towards globalization. However, amid peaceful Islam disseminated in the country, nowadays, radical Muslim movement challenges this character. This study aims to describe the construction of turats (traditional Muslim virtues), which has been taught in pesantren as an orthodox teachings legacy, to create young Muslim with moderate attitude through character education. It will also highlight about how and why character education with Islamic orthodoxy content is necessary to be inculcated in pesantren to produce moderate Muslim. Qualitative research was employed in this study, with a case study approach. In doing so, data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documents analysis techniques. The results demonstrated that the moderate character building based on the modernization of turats is derived from the renowned dogma of the ushul fiqh (traditional Islamic Jurisprudence); al muhafadhatu 'ala al-qadim as-sholih wal akhdu bi al-jadid al-ashlah (maintaining good tradition and employing the new-better one). It also revealed that within 24 hours pesantren learning activities, this jargon is disseminated to the students through the concept of Islamic guidance. In this concept, moderate character values infused to the student’s activities are rooted to the Qur'an (Muslim holy book) and Hadits (Prophet’s wisdom) as the religious foundation, the founding fathers’ vision (historical foundation), the pesantren mission (institutional foundation), and the contextual experience (empirical foundation) as well as the dynamic challenges of the globalization. The entire character education process paves a pivotal way to the moderate Muslim generation creation.

Learning outcomes This trio of cases is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate classes or for postgraduate programs in non-profit management, leadership and community development, international development, global studies, women’s and gender studies and social entrepreneurship. It allows the instructors and students to engage with classical leadership tenets and emerging social entrepreneurship literature. Upon completion of the case study discussion and assignments, students will be able to: identify diverse obstacles that African women face in starting social enterprises; understand the ways that African women leaders build a social dimension to their enterprise; and identify characteristics of women’s leadership and critique the value of women’s leadership for establishing sustainable social enterprises. Case overview/synopsis The case stories of the three African social enterprises portray how female leaders have fostered sustainable organisations through prioritising social, over economic and governance investments. Martha Letsoalo, a former domestic worker, founded the Heartfelt Project in South Africa, which now employs fifteen women, ships products all around the world and enriches the community of Makapanstad with its workshop, training and education centre. Victoria Nalongo Namusisi, daughter of a fisherman in rural Uganda, founded Bright Kids Uganda, a thriving care facility, school and community centre that educates vulnerable children, empowers victims of gender-based violence and distributes micro-loans to female entrepreneurs. Gertrude, abandoned in Lusaka, Zambia, founded Chikumbuso, a home of resilience and remembrance to educate children and offer women employment in a cooperative business. Each case documents the founding years of the social enterprise and outlines some of the shared women’s leadership approaches. The case dilemma focuses on why and how women start social enterprises in socially and economically difficult contexts. Complexity academic level This trio of cases is appropriate for undergraduate or graduate-level programs in non-profit management, leadership and community development, international development, global studies and social entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only.

In 1983, Andrea Dworkin addressed the Midwest Men’s Conference in Minneapolis. She discussed the rape culture in which we live, noted the similarities between rape and war, and, following the title of her talk, asked for a “24-hour truce in which there is no rape.” And she asked why men and boys are so slow to understand that women and girls “are human to precisely the degree and quality that [they] are” (n.p.). Every sexual assault begins with the dehumanization of the victim. And sometimes, after the violation, after the pain and the fear, comes the institutional dehumanization visited upon the victim who seeks medical or legal help. Two recent memoirs bring to the surface rape culture, evident in the young men who raped these girls and the systemic dehumanization they suffered when they sought justice. Chanel Miller’s Know My Name (2019) describes the aftermath of being sexually assaulted, when she was just out of college and still living at home, by someone she met at a fraternity party. Although the case against her rapist was as strong as possible–there were eyewitnesses and physical evidence was collected immediately–he was sentenced to only six months in the county jail, and she was repeatedly shamed, her humanity denied by the judicial system. Lacy Crawford’s Notes on a Silencing (2020) describes the aftermath of being sexually assaulted, when she was 15, by two boys, students at her New England boarding school, including an account of how school officials refused to do anything other than label her promiscuous and protect the boys. The ways in which she was silenced by St. Paul’s, which disregarded her health and future, and denied her humanity because she was only a girl, were profound. In both cases, the promising future of the perpetrators was prioritized over the humanity of the girls by many institutions, including the judiciary and the press. Crawford was raped just seven years after Dworkin made her plea to that men’s conference, but Miller was assaulted twenty-five years after, making perfectly clear that rape culture has become only more entrenched.

Education in Oceania continues to reflect the embedded implicit and explicit colonial practices and processes from the past. This paper conceptualises a cultural approach to education and leadership appropriate and relevant to the Republic of the Marshall Islands. As elementary school leaders, we highlight Kanne Lobal, a traditional Marshallese navigation practice based on indigenous language, values and practices. We conceptualise and develop Kanne Lobal in this paper as a framework for understanding the usefulness of our indigenous knowledge in leadership and educational practices within formal education. Through bwebwenato, a method of talk story, our key learnings and reflexivities were captured. We argue that realising the value of Marshallese indigenous knowledge and practices for school leaders requires purposeful training of the ways in which our knowledge can be made useful in our professional educational responsibilities. Drawing from our Marshallese knowledge is an intentional effort to inspire, empower and express what education and leadership partnership means for Marshallese people, as articulated by Marshallese themselves. Introduction As noted in the call for papers within the Waikato Journal of Education (WJE) for this special issue, bodies of knowledge and histories in Oceania have long sustained generations across geographic boundaries to ensure cultural survival. For Marshallese people, we cannot really know ourselves “until we know how we came to be where we are today” (Walsh, Heine, Bigler & Stege, 2012). Jitdam Kapeel is a popular Marshallese concept and ideal associated with inquiring into relationships within the family and community. In a similar way, the practice of relating is about connecting the present and future to the past. Education and leadership partnerships are linked and we look back to the past, our history, to make sense and feel inspired to transform practices that will benefit our people. In this paper and in light of our next generation, we reconnect with our navigation stories to inspire and empower education and leadership. Kanne lobal is part of our navigation stories, a conceptual framework centred on cultural practices, values, and concepts that embrace collective partnerships. Our link to this talanoa vā with others in the special issue is to attempt to make sense of connections given the global COVID-19 context by providing a Marshallese approach to address the physical and relational “distance” between education and leadership partnerships in Oceania. Like the majority of developing small island nations in Oceania, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) has had its share of educational challenges through colonial legacies of the past which continues to drive education systems in the region (Heine, 2002). The historical administration and education in the RMI is one of colonisation. Successive administrations by the Spanish, German, Japanese, and now the US, has resulted in education and learning that privileges western knowledge and forms of learning. This paper foregrounds understandings of education and learning as told by the voices of elementary school leaders from the RMI. The move to re-think education and leadership from Marshallese perspectives is an act of shifting the focus of bwebwenato or conversations that centres on Marshallese language and worldviews. The concept of jelalokjen was conceptualised as traditional education framed mainly within the community context. In the past, jelalokjen was practiced and transmitted to the younger generation for cultural continuity. During the arrival of colonial administrations into the RMI, jelalokjen was likened to the western notions of education and schooling (Kupferman, 2004). Today, the primary function of jelalokjen, as traditional and formal education, it is for “survival in a hostile [and challenging] environment” (Kupferman, 2004, p. 43). Because western approaches to learning in the RMI have not always resulted in positive outcomes for those engaged within the education system, as school leaders who value our cultural knowledge and practices, and aspire to maintain our language with the next generation, we turn to Kanne Lobal, a practice embedded in our navigation stories, collective aspirations, and leadership. The significance in the development of Kanne Lobal, as an appropriate framework for education and leadership, resulted in us coming together and working together. Not only were we able to share our leadership concerns, however, the engagement strengthened our connections with each other as school leaders, our communities, and the Public Schooling System (PSS). Prior to that, many of us were in competition for resources. Educational Leadership: IQBE and GCSL Leadership is a valued practice in the RMI. Before the IQBE programme started in 2018, the majority of the school leaders on the main island of Majuro had not engaged in collaborative partnerships with each other before. Our main educational purpose was to achieve accreditation from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), an accreditation commission for schools in the United States. The WASC accreditation dictated our work and relationships and many school leaders on Majuro felt the pressure of competition against each other. We, the authors in this paper, share our collective bwebwenato, highlighting our school leadership experiences and how we gained strength from our own ancestral knowledge to empower “us”, to collaborate with each other, our teachers, communities, as well as with PSS; a collaborative partnership we had not realised in the past. The paucity of literature that captures Kajin Majol (Marshallese language) and education in general in the RMI is what we intend to fill by sharing our reflections and experiences. To move our educational practices forward we highlight Kanne Lobal, a cultural approach that focuses on our strengths, collective social responsibilities and wellbeing. For a long time, there was no formal training in place for elementary school leaders. School principals and vice principals were appointed primarily on their academic merit through having an undergraduate qualification. As part of the first cohort of fifteen school leaders, we engaged in the professional training programme, the Graduate Certificate in School Leadership (GCSL), refitted to our context after its initial development in the Solomon Islands. GCSL was coordinated by the Institute of Education (IOE) at the University of the South Pacific (USP). GCSL was seen as a relevant and appropriate training programme for school leaders in the RMI as part of an Asia Development Bank (ADB) funded programme which aimed at “Improving Quality Basic Education” (IQBE) in parts of the northern Pacific. GCSL was managed on Majuro, RMI’s main island, by the director at the time Dr Irene Taafaki, coordinator Yolanda McKay, and administrators at the University of the South Pacific’s (USP) RMI campus. Through the provision of GCSL, as school leaders we were encouraged to re-think and draw-from our own cultural repository and connect to our ancestral knowledge that have always provided strength for us. This kind of thinking and practice was encouraged by our educational leaders (Heine, 2002). We argue that a culturally-affirming and culturally-contextual framework that reflects the lived experiences of Marshallese people is much needed and enables the disruption of inherent colonial processes left behind by Western and Eastern administrations which have influenced our education system in the RMI (Heine, 2002). Kanne Lobal, an approach utilising a traditional navigation has warranted its need to provide solutions for today’s educational challenges for us in the RMI. Education in the Pacific Education in the Pacific cannot be understood without contextualising it in its history and culture. It is the same for us in the RMI (Heine, 2002; Walsh et al., 2012). The RMI is located in the Pacific Ocean and is part of Micronesia. It was named after a British captain, John Marshall in the 1700s. The atolls in the RMI were explored by the Spanish in the 16th century. Germany unsuccessfully attempted to colonize the islands in 1885. Japan took control in 1914, but after several battles during World War II, the US seized the RMI from them. In 1947, the United Nations made the island group, along with the Mariana and Caroline archipelagos, a U.S. trust territory (Walsh et al, 2012). Education in the RMI reflects the colonial administrations of Germany, Japan, and now the US. Before the turn of the century, formal education in the Pacific reflected western values, practices, and standards. Prior to that, education was informal and not binded to formal learning institutions (Thaman, 1997) and oral traditions was used as the medium for transmitting learning about customs and practices living with parents, grandparents, great grandparents. As alluded to by Jiba B. Kabua (2004), any “discussion about education is necessarily a discussion of culture, and any policy on education is also a policy of culture” (p. 181). It is impossible to promote one without the other, and it is not logical to understand one without the other. Re-thinking how education should look like, the pedagogical strategies that are relevant in our classrooms, the ways to engage with our parents and communities - such re-thinking sits within our cultural approaches and frameworks. Our collective attempts to provide a cultural framework that is relevant and appropriate for education in our context, sits within the political endeavour to decolonize. This means that what we are providing will not only be useful, but it can be used as a tool to question and identify whether things in place restrict and prevent our culture or whether they promote and foreground cultural ideas and concepts, a significant discussion of culture linked to education (Kabua, 2004). Donor funded development aid programmes were provided to support the challenges within education systems. Concerned with the persistent low educational outcomes of Pacific students, despite the prevalence of aid programmes in the region, in 2000 Pacific educators and leaders with support from New Zealand Aid (NZ Aid) decided to intervene (Heine, 2002; Taufe’ulungaki, 2014). In April 2001, a group of Pacific educators and leaders across the region were invited to a colloquium funded by the New Zealand Overseas Development Agency held in Suva Fiji at the University of the South Pacific. The main purpose of the colloquium was to enable “Pacific educators to re-think the values, assumptions and beliefs underlying [formal] schooling in Oceania” (Benson, 2002). Leadership, in general, is a valued practice in the RMI (Heine, 2002). Despite education leadership being identified as a significant factor in school improvement (Sanga & Chu, 2009), the limited formal training opportunities of school principals in the region was a persistent concern. As part of an Asia Development Bank (ADB) funded project, the Improve Quality Basic Education (IQBE) intervention was developed and implemented in the RMI in 2017. Mentoring is a process associated with the continuity and sustainability of leadership knowledge and practices (Sanga & Chu, 2009). It is a key aspect of building capacity and capabilities within human resources in education (ibid). Indigenous knowledges and education research According to Hilda Heine, the relationship between education and leadership is about understanding Marshallese history and culture (cited in Walsh et al., 2012). It is about sharing indigenous knowledge and histories that “details for future generations a story of survival and resilience and the pride we possess as a people” (Heine, cited in Walsh et al., 2012, p. v). This paper is fuelled by postcolonial aspirations yet is grounded in Pacific indigenous research. This means that our intentions are driven by postcolonial pursuits and discourses linked to challenging the colonial systems and schooling in the Pacific region that privileges western knowledge and learning and marginalises the education practices and processes of local people (Thiong’o, 1986). A point of difference and orientation from postcolonialism is a desire to foreground indigenous Pacific language, specifically Majin Majol, through Marshallese concepts. Our collective bwebwenato and conversation honours and values kautiej (respect), jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity), and jouj (kindness) (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). Pacific leaders developed the Rethinking Pacific Education Initiative for and by Pacific People (RPEIPP) in 2002 to take control of the ways in which education research was conducted by donor funded organisations (Taufe’ulungaki, 2014). Our former president, Dr Hilda Heine was part of the group of leaders who sought to counter the ways in which our educational and leadership stories were controlled and told by non-Marshallese (Heine, 2002). As a former minister of education in the RMI, Hilda Heine continues to inspire and encourage the next generation of educators, school leaders, and researchers to re-think and de-construct the way learning and education is conceptualised for Marshallese people. The conceptualisation of Kanne Lobal acknowledges its origin, grounded in Marshallese navigation knowledge and practice. Our decision to unpack and deconstruct Kanne Lobal within the context of formal education and leadership responds to the need to not only draw from indigenous Marshallese ideas and practice but to consider that the next generation will continue to be educated using western processes and initiatives particularly from the US where we get a lot of our funding from. According to indigenous researchers Dawn Bessarab and Bridget Ng’andu (2010), doing research that considers “culturally appropriate processes to engage with indigenous groups and individuals is particularly pertinent in today’s research environment” (p. 37). Pacific indigenous educators and researchers have turned to their own ancestral knowledge and practices for inspiration and empowerment. Within western research contexts, the often stringent ideals and processes are not always encouraging of indigenous methods and practices. However, many were able to ground and articulate their use of indigenous methods as being relevant and appropriate to capturing the realities of their communities (Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Fulu-Aiolupotea, 2014; Thaman, 1997). At the same time, utilising Pacific indigenous methods and approaches enabled research engagement with their communities that honoured and respected them and their communities. For example, Tongan, Samoan, and Fijian researchers used the talanoa method as a way to capture the stories, lived realities, and worldviews of their communities within education in the diaspora (Fa’avae, Jones, & Manu’atu, 2016; Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Aiolupotea, 2014; Vaioleti, 2005). Tok stori was used by Solomon Islander educators and school leaders to highlight the unique circles of conversational practice and storytelling that leads to more positive engagement with their community members, capturing rich and meaningful narratives as a result (Sanga & Houma, 2004). The Indigenous Aborigine in Australia utilise yarning as a “relaxed discussion through which both the researcher and participant journey together visiting places and topics of interest relevant” (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010, p. 38). Despite the diverse forms of discussions and storytelling by indigenous peoples, of significance are the cultural protocols, ethics, and language for conducting and guiding the engagement (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010; Nabobo-Baba, 2008; Sualii-Sauni & Aiolupotea, 2014). Through the ethics, values, protocols, and language, these are what makes indigenous methods or frameworks unique compared to western methods like in-depth interviews or semi-structured interviews. This is why it is important for us as Marshallese educators to frame, ground, and articulate how our own methods and frameworks of learning could be realised in western education (Heine, 2002; Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014). In this paper, we utilise bwebwenato as an appropriate method linked to “talk story”, capturing our collective stories and experiences during GCSL and how we sought to build partnerships and collaboration with each other, our communities, and the PSS. Bwebwenato and drawing from Kajin Majel Legends and stories that reflect Marshallese society and its cultural values have survived through our oral traditions. The practice of weaving also holds knowledge about our “valuable and earliest sources of knowledge” (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019, p. 2). The skilful navigation of Marshallese wayfarers on the walap (large canoes) in the ocean is testament of their leadership and the value they place on ensuring the survival and continuity of Marshallese people (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019; Walsh et al., 2012). During her graduate study in 2014, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner conceptualised bwebwenato as being the most “well-known form of Marshallese orality” (p. 38). The Marshallese-English dictionary defined bwebwenato as talk, conversation, story, history, article, episode, lore, myth, or tale (cited in Jetnil Kijiner, 2014). Three years later in 2017, bwebwenato was utilised in a doctoral project by Natalie Nimmer as a research method to gather “talk stories” about the experiences of 10 Marshallese experts in knowledge and skills ranging from sewing to linguistics, canoe-making and business. Our collective bwebwenato in this paper centres on Marshallese ideas and language. The philosophy of Marshallese knowledge is rooted in our “Kajin Majel”, or Marshallese language and is shared and transmitted through our oral traditions. For instance, through our historical stories and myths. Marshallese philosophy, that is, the knowledge systems inherent in our beliefs, values, customs, and practices are shared. They are inherently relational, meaning that knowledge systems and philosophies within our world are connected, in mind, body, and spirit (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014; Nimmer, 2017). Although some Marshallese believe that our knowledge is disappearing as more and more elders pass away, it is therefore important work together, and learn from each other about the knowledges shared not only by the living but through their lamentations and stories of those who are no longer with us (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014). As a Marshallese practice, weaving has been passed-down from generation to generation. Although the art of weaving is no longer as common as it used to be, the artefacts such as the “jaki-ed” (clothing mats) continue to embody significant Marshallese values and traditions. For our weavers, the jouj (check spelling) is the centre of the mat and it is where the weaving starts. When the jouj is correct and weaved well, the remainder and every other part of the mat will be right. The jouj is symbolic of the “heart” and if the heart is prepared well, trained well, then life or all other parts of the body will be well (Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). In that light, we have applied the same to this paper. Conceptualising and drawing from cultural practices that are close and dear to our hearts embodies a significant ontological attempt to prioritize our own knowledge and language, a sense of endearment to who we are and what we believe education to be like for us and the next generation. The application of the phrase “Majolizing '' was used by the Ministry of Education when Hilda Heine was minister, to weave cultural ideas and language into the way that teachers understand the curriculum, develop lesson plans and execute them in the classroom. Despite this, there were still concerns with the embedded colonized practices where teachers defaulted to eurocentric methods of doing things, like the strategies provided in the textbooks given to us. In some ways, our education was slow to adjust to the “Majolizing '' intention by our former minister. In this paper, we provide Kanne Lobal as a way to contribute to the “Majolizing intention” and perhaps speed up yet still be collectively responsible to all involved in education. Kajin Wa and Kanne Lobal “Wa” is the Marshallese concept for canoe. Kajin wa, as in canoe language, has a lot of symbolic meaning linked to deeply-held Marshallese values and practices. The canoe was the foundational practice that supported the livelihood of harsh atoll island living which reflects the Marshallese social world. The experts of Kajin wa often refer to “wa” as being the vessel of life, a means and source of sustaining life (Kelen, 2009, cited in Miller, 2010). “Jouj” means kindness and is the lower part of the main hull of the canoe. It is often referred to by some canoe builders in the RMI as the heart of the canoe and is linked to love. The jouj is one of the first parts of the canoe that is built and is “used to do all other measurements, and then the rest of the canoe is built on top of it” (Miller, 2010, p. 67). The significance of the jouj is that when the canoe is in the water, the jouj is the part of the hull that is underwater and ensures that all the cargo and passengers are safe. For Marshallese, jouj or kindness is what living is about and is associated with selflessly carrying the responsibility of keeping the family and community safe. The parts of the canoe reflect Marshallese culture, legend, family, lineage, and kinship. They embody social responsibilities that guide, direct, and sustain Marshallese families’ wellbeing, from atoll to atoll. For example, the rojak (boom), rojak maan (upper boom), rojak kōrā (lower boom), and they support the edges of the ujelā/ujele (sail) (see figure 1). The literal meaning of rojak maan is male boom and rojak kōrā means female boom which together strengthens the sail and ensures the canoe propels forward in a strong yet safe way. Figuratively, the rojak maan and rojak kōrā symbolise the mother and father relationship which when strong, through the jouj (kindness and love), it can strengthen families and sustain them into the future. Figure 1. Parts of the canoe Source: https://www.canoesmarshallislands.com/2014/09/names-of-canoe-parts/ From a socio-cultural, communal, and leadership view, the canoe (wa) provides understanding of the relationships required to inspire and sustain Marshallese peoples’ education and learning. We draw from Kajin wa because they provide cultural ideas and practices that enable understanding of education and leadership necessary for sustaining Marshallese people and realities in Oceania. When building a canoe, the women are tasked with the weaving of the ujelā/ujele (sail) and to ensure that it is strong enough to withstand long journeys and the fierce winds and waters of the ocean. The Kanne Lobal relates to the front part of the ujelā/ujele (sail) where the rojak maan and rojak kōrā meet and connect (see the red lines in figure 1). Kanne Lobal is linked to the strategic use of the ujelā/ujele by navigators, when there is no wind north wind to propel them forward, to find ways to capture the winds so that their journey can continue. As a proverbial saying, Kanne Lobal is used to ignite thinking and inspire and transform practice particularly when the journey is rough and tough. In this paper we draw from Kanne Lobal to ignite, inspire, and transform our educational and leadership practices, a move to explore what has always been meaningful to Marshallese people when we are faced with challenges. The Kanne Lobal utilises our language, and cultural practices and values by sourcing from the concepts of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity). A key Marshallese proverb, “Enra bwe jen lale rara”, is the cultural practice where families enact compassion through the sharing of food in all occurrences. The term “enra” is a small basket weaved from the coconut leaves, and often used by Marshallese as a plate to share and distribute food amongst each other. Bwe-jen-lale-rara is about noticing and providing for the needs of others, and “enra” the basket will help support and provide for all that are in need. “Enra-bwe-jen-lale-rara” is symbolic of cultural exchange and reciprocity and the cultural values associated with building and maintaining relationships, and constantly honouring each other. As a Marshallese practice, in this article we share our understanding and knowledge about the challenges as well as possible solutions for education concerns in our nation. In addition, we highlight another proverb, “wa kuk wa jimor”, which relates to having one canoe, and despite its capacity to feed and provide for the individual, but within the canoe all people can benefit from what it can provide. In the same way, we provide in this paper a cultural framework that will enable all educators to benefit from. It is a framework that is far-reaching and relevant to the lived realities of Marshallese people today. Kumit relates to people united to build strength, all co-operating and working together, living in peace, harmony, and good health. Kanne Lobal: conceptual framework for education and leadership An education framework is a conceptual structure that can be used to capture ideas and thinking related to aspects of learning. Kanne Lobal is conceptualised and framed in this paper as an educational framework. Kanne Lobal highlights the significance of education as a collective partnership whereby leadership is an important aspect. Kanne Lobal draws-from indigenous Marshallese concepts like kautiej (respect), jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity), and jouj (kindness, heart). The role of a leader, including an education leader, is to prioritise collective learning and partnerships that benefits Marshallese people and the continuity and survival of the next generation (Heine, 2002; Thaman, 1995). As described by Ejnar Aerōk, an expert canoe builder in the RMI, he stated: “jerbal ippān doon bwe en maron maan wa e” (cited in Miller, 2010, p. 69). His description emphasises the significance of partnerships and working together when navigating and journeying together in order to move the canoe forward. The kubaak, the outrigger of the wa (canoe) is about “partnerships”. For us as elementary school leaders on Majuro, kubaak encourages us to value collaborative partnerships with each other as well as our communities, PSS, and other stakeholders. Partnerships is an important part of the Kanne Lobal education and leadership framework. It requires ongoing bwebwenato – the inspiring as well as confronting and challenging conversations that should be mediated and negotiated if we and our education stakeholders are to journey together to ensure that the educational services we provide benefits our next generation of young people in the RMI. Navigating ahead the partnerships, mediation, and negotiation are the core values of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity). As an organic conceptual framework grounded in indigenous values, inspired through our lived experiences, Kanne Lobal provides ideas and concepts for re-thinking education and leadership practices that are conducive to learning and teaching in the schooling context in the RMI. By no means does it provide the solution to the education ills in our nation. However, we argue that Kanne Lobal is a more relevant approach which is much needed for the negatively stigmatised system as a consequence of the various colonial administrations that have and continue to shape and reframe our ideas about what education should be like for us in the RMI. Moreover, Kannel Lobal is our attempt to decolonize the framing of education and leadership, moving our bwebwenato to re-framing conversations of teaching and learning so that our cultural knowledge and values are foregrounded, appreciated, and realised within our education system. Bwebwenato: sharing our stories In this section, we use bwebwenato as a method of gathering and capturing our stories as data. Below we capture our stories and ongoing conversations about the richness in Marshallese cultural knowledge in the outer islands and on Majuro and the potentialities in Kanne Lobal. Danny Jim When I was in third grade (9-10 years of age), during my grandfather’s speech in Arno, an atoll near Majuro, during a time when a wa (canoe) was being blessed and ready to put the canoe into the ocean. My grandfather told me the canoe was a blessing for the family. “Without a canoe, a family cannot provide for them”, he said. The canoe allows for travelling between places to gather food and other sources to provide for the family. My grandfather’s stories about people’s roles within the canoe reminded me that everyone within the family has a responsibility to each other. Our women, mothers and daughters too have a significant responsibility in the journey, in fact, they hold us, care for us, and given strength to their husbands, brothers, and sons. The wise man or elder sits in the middle of the canoe, directing the young man who help to steer. The young man, he does all the work, directed by the older man. They take advice and seek the wisdom of the elder. In front of the canoe, a young boy is placed there and because of his strong and youthful vision, he is able to help the elder as well as the young man on the canoe. The story can be linked to the roles that school leaders, teachers, and students have in schooling. Without each person knowing intricately their role and responsibility, the sight and vision ahead for the collective aspirations of the school and the community is difficult to comprehend. For me, the canoe is symbolic of our educational journey within our education system. As the school leader, a central, trusted, and respected figure in the school, they provide support for teachers who are at the helm, pedagogically striving to provide for their students. For without strong direction from the school leaders and teachers at the helm, the students, like the young boy, cannot foresee their futures, or envisage how education can benefit them. This is why Kanne Lobal is a significant framework for us in the Marshall Islands because within the practice we are able to take heed and empower each other so that all benefit from the process. Kanne Lobal is linked to our culture, an essential part of who we are. We must rely on our own local approaches, rather than relying on others that are not relevant to what we know and how we live in today’s society. One of the things I can tell is that in Majuro, compared to the outer islands, it’s different. In the outer islands, parents bring children together and tell them legends and stories. The elders tell them about the legends and stories – the bwebwenato. Children from outer islands know a lot more about Marshallese legends compared to children from the Majuro atoll. They usually stay close to their parents, observe how to prepare food and all types of Marshallese skills. Loretta Joseph Case There is little Western influence in the outer islands. They grow up learning their own culture with their parents, not having tv. They are closely knit, making their own food, learning to weave. They use fire for cooking food. They are more connected because there are few of them, doing their own culture. For example, if they’re building a house, the ladies will come together and make food to take to the males that are building the house, encouraging them to keep on working - “jemjem maal” (sharpening tools i.e. axe, like encouraging workers to empower them). It’s when they bring food and entertainment. Rubon Rubon Togetherness, work together, sharing of food, these are important practices as a school leader. Jemjem maal – the whole village works together, men working and the women encourage them with food and entertainment. All the young children are involved in all of the cultural practices, cultural transmission is consistently part of their everyday life. These are stronger in the outer islands. Kanne Lobal has the potential to provide solutions using our own knowledge and practices. Connie Joel When new teachers become a teacher, they learn more about their culture in teaching. Teaching raises the question, who are we? A popular saying amongst our people, “Aelon kein ad ej aelon in manit”, means that “Our islands are cultural islands”. Therefore, when we are teaching, and managing the school, we must do this culturally. When we live and breathe, we must do this culturally. There is more socialising with family and extended family. Respect the elderly. When they’re doing things the ladies all get together, in groups and do it. Cut the breadfruit, and preserve the breadfruit and pandanus. They come together and do it. Same as fishing, building houses, building canoes. They use and speak the language often spoken by the older people. There are words that people in the outer islands use and understand language regularly applied by the elderly. Respect elderly and leaders more i.e., chiefs (iroj), commoners (alap), and the workers on the land (ri-jerbal) (social layer under the commoners). All the kids, they gather with their families, and go and visit the chiefs and alap, and take gifts from their land, first produce/food from the plantation (eojōk). Tommy Almet The people are more connected to the culture in the outer islands because they help one another. They don’t have to always buy things by themselves, everyone contributes to the occasion. For instance, for birthdays, boys go fishing, others contribute and all share with everyone. Kanne Lobal is a practice that can bring people together – leaders, teachers, stakeholders. We want our colleagues to keep strong and work together to fix problems like students and teachers’ absenteeism which is a big problem for us in schools. Demetria Malachi The culture in the outer islands are more accessible and exposed to children. In Majuro, there is a mixedness of cultures and knowledges, influenced by Western thinking and practices. Kanne Lobal is an idea that can enhance quality educational purposes for the RMI. We, the school leaders who did GCSL, we want to merge and use this idea because it will help benefit students’ learning and teachers’ teaching. Kanne Lobal will help students to learn and teachers to teach though traditional skills and knowledge. We want to revitalize our ways of life through teaching because it is slowly fading away. Also, we want to have our own Marshallese learning process because it is in our own language making it easier to use and understand. Essentially, we want to proudly use our own ways of teaching from our ancestors showing the appreciation and blessings given to us. Way Forward To think of ways forward is about reflecting on the past and current learnings. Instead of a traditional discussion within a research publication, we have opted to continue our bwebwenato by sharing what we have learnt through the Graduate Certificate in School Leadership (GCSL) programme. Our bwebwenato does not end in this article and this opportunity to collaborate and partner together in this piece of writing has been a meaningful experience to conceptualise and unpack the Kanne Lobal framework. Our collaborative bwebwenato has enabled us to dig deep into our own wise knowledges for guidance through mediating and negotiating the challenges in education and leadership (Sanga & Houma, 2004). For example, bwe-jen-lale-rara reminds us to inquire, pay attention, and focus on supporting the needs of others. Through enra-bwe-jen-lale-rara, it reminds us to value cultural exchange and reciprocity which will strengthen the development and maintaining of relationships based on ways we continue to honour each other (Nimmer, 2017). We not only continue to support each other, but also help mentor the next generation of school leaders within our education system (Heine, 2002). Education and leadership are all about collaborative partnerships (Sanga & Chu, 2009; Thaman, 1997). Developing partnerships through the GCSL was useful learning for us. It encouraged us to work together, share knowledge, respect each other, and be kind. The values of jouj (kindness, love), kautiej (respect), and jouj eo mour eo (reciprocity) are meaningful in being and becoming and educational leader in the RMI (Jetnil-Kijiner, 2014; Miller, 2010; Nimmer, 2017). These values are meaningful for us practice particularly given the drive by PSS for schools to become accredited. The workshops and meetings delivered during the GCSL in the RMI from 2018 to 2019 about Kanne Lobal has given us strength to share our stories and experiences from the meeting with the stakeholders. But before we met with the stakeholders, we were encouraged to share and speak in our language within our courses: EDP05 (Professional Development and Learning), EDP06 (School Leadership), EDP07 (School Management), EDP08 (Teaching and Learning), and EDP09 (Community Partnerships). In groups, we shared our presentations with our peers, the 15 school leaders in the GCSL programme. We also invited USP RMI staff. They liked the way we presented Kannel Lobal. They provided us with feedback, for example: how the use of the sail on the canoe, the parts and their functions can be conceptualised in education and how they are related to the way that we teach our own young people. Engaging stakeholders in the conceptualisation and design stages of Kanne Lobal strengthened our understanding of leadership and collaborative partnerships. Based on various meetings with the RMI Pacific Resources for Education and Learning (PREL) team, PSS general assembly, teachers from the outer islands, and the PSS executive committee, we were able to share and receive feedback on the Kanne Lobal framework. The coordinators of the PREL programme in the RMI were excited by the possibilities around using Kanne Lobal, as a way to teach culture in an inspirational way to Marshallese students. Our Marshallese knowledge, particularly through the proverbial meaning of Kanne Lobal provided so much inspiration and insight for the groups during the presentation which gave us hope and confidence to develop the framework. Kanne Lobal is an organic and indigenous approach, grounded in Marshallese ways of doing things (Heine, 2002; Taafaki & Fowler, 2019). Given the persistent presence of colonial processes within the education system and the constant reference to practices and initiatives from the US, Kanne Lobal for us provides a refreshing yet fulfilling experience and makes us feel warm inside because it is something that belongs to all Marshallese people. Conclusion Marshallese indigenous knowledge and practices provide meaningful educational and leadership understanding and learnings. They ignite, inspire, and transform thinking and practice. The Kanne Lobal conceptual framework emphasises key concepts and values necessary for collaborative partnerships within education and leadership practices in the RMI. The bwebwenato or talk stories have been insightful and have highlighted the strengths and benefits that our Marshallese ideas and practices possess when looking for appropriate and relevant ways to understand education and leadership. 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ABSTRAK Penurunan profit bisnis kecil akibat implikasi ekonomi pasca pandemi COVID-19. Persoalan struktur permodalan menjadi kendala dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan usahanya secara terus menerus seiring kerubahan zaman. Koperasi Syariah sebagai salah satu lembaga keuangan Islam yang keislaman lebih dekat secara eksistensi maupun teritorial dengan masyarakat tingkat bawah sehingga menjadi alternatif pengembangan usaha masyarakat secara syariah sesuai persyaratan yang diberikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan syariah dalam sikap, pengaruh sosial dan self-efficacy terhadap perilaku pemanfaatan produk koperasi syariah di Indonesia. Studi kuantitatif survey online dengan melibatkan 280 calon anggota koperasi syariah yang membutuhkan pembiayaan dan merupakan pemilik UMKM dijalankan dengan teknik analisis SEM PLS. Hasil studi menunjukkan pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap sikap, pengaruh sosial dan self-efficacy lalu dilanjutkan arah jalur dukungan hipotesis terhadap niat untuk memilih Koperasi Syariah sebagai solusi kebutuhan finansial UMKM ditemukan. Strategi manajerial khususnya pemasaran dikembangkan dengan mempertimbangkan efek sikap positif, pengaruh sosial dan efikasi diri calon anggota sebagai pemilik bisnis atau produk keuangan syariah yang akan mereka tawarkan kepada pelanggan mereka akan berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan sektor UMKM khususnya UMKM Generasi Millenial dan UMKM Hijau di Indonesia melalui upaya promosi dan kerjasama. Kata Kunci: ASE Model, Ekonomi Islam, Koperasi Syariah, Pemberdayaan, UMKM. ABSTRACT The decline in small business profits due to the post-COVID-19 pandemic economy. The issue of capital structure is an obstacle in maintaining and increasing development continuously in line with the changing times. Sharia cooperatives as one of the Islamic financial institutions are closer in existence and territorially to the lower level of society so that they become an alternative for community business development in accordance with the requirements given. This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic financial literacy on attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy on the application of Islamic cooperative products in Indonesia. Quantitative study of online surveys involving 280 prospective members of Islamic cooperatives who need financing and are MSME owners carried out with the PLS SEM analysis technique. The results of the study show the effect of financial literacy on attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy, then choosing the direction of hypothesis support for the intention to find Islamic Cooperatives as a solution to the financial needs of MSMEs. 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