Academic literature on the topic 'Boarding platform'
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Journal articles on the topic "Boarding platform"
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Seriani, Sebastián, Gonzalo de Ana Rodríguez, and Catherine Holloway. "Combined Effect of Platform Edge Doors and Level Access on Boarding and Alighting Process in London Underground." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2648, no. 1 (January 2017): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2648-07.
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Platform edge doors (PEDs) are used in metro stations to improve passenger safety and comfort, while step-free access with a minimum gap between the train and the platform is desirable on the grounds of accessibility. There is little research on the effect of PEDs on boarding and alighting time (BAT) and passenger behavior patterns. Many authors, however, have examined the impact of vertical and horizontal gaps in passengers’ boarding and alighting. On the London Underground, there is always step-free access between the train and the platform when there are PEDs; but even at some platforms without PEDs, level access may be provided by platform humps. This study examined the combined effect of PEDs and level access on the boarding and alighting process. Two London Underground platforms, both with level access, one with PEDs and one without PEDs, were compared by analyzing bespoke video footage. The results showed that PEDs on their own had no overall negative impact on BAT and that, in most situations, they encouraged passengers to wait beside the doors. It was also found that demand (number of boarders, alighters, and passengers on the train) was a more important influence on BAT and passenger behaviors than was the presence of PEDs.
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Tang, Tie-Qiao, Yi-Xiao Shao, Liang Chen, and Hua-Yan Shang. "Modeling Passengers’ Boarding Behavior at the Platform of High Speed Railway Station." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4073583.
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Modeling passengers’ motion at high speed railway (HSR) station has been a hot topic in the field of pedestrian flow theory. However, little effort has been made to explore the passengers’ boarding behaviors at the platform of HSR station. This study proposes a cellular automaton (CA) model to study the passengers’ boarding behavior at the platform of HSR station. Some numerical tests are conducted to explore the passengers’ movements and the complex traffic phenomena (e.g., each passenger’s trajectory, congestion, and travel time) which occur during the boarding process. The numerical results illustrate that the passengers’ inflow rate and entrance choice behavior have significant impacts on the boarding efficiency. These results can help managers to understand the passengers’ boarding behavior and to improve the boarding efficiency.
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Dell’Asin, Giulia, and Johannes Hool. "Pedestrian Patterns at Railway Platforms during Boarding: Evidence from a Case Study in Switzerland." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (November 13, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4079230.
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The boarding/alighting process at railway platforms is an important determinant of the railway system performance and depends on the characteristics of passengers, the layout of the platform, and the rolling stock. This research aims to increase the understanding of the process, providing a methodological approach to model the passengers’ behaviour when boarding at railway platforms. Adequate criteria were selected to define the so called “boarding cluster” and an easy mechanism was developed to select the boarding clusters. Passenger flow data collected at Bern railway station in Switzerland was used to test the proposed approach. The results show that (a) the clusters near the doors grow in the longitudinal direction with a rate of 6:1 between the length and width of clusters, and that (b) the growth curves rise quickly when clusters are still small, i.e., at the beginning of the boarding/alighting activity. Further research is needed to extend the validation of the model, considering other variables, such as critical pedestrian densities which occur at specific hot spots near obstacles at platforms.
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Leurent, Fabien, and Xiaoyan Xie. "On Individual Repositioning Distance along Platform during Train Waiting." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4264528.
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Out of waiting times spent in rail stations on boarding platforms, some part can be reinvested by the trip-makers to optimize their positions of boarding and save on travel time for the rest of their trips. This paper provides a stochastic model, in which user’s journey is decomposed into phases of, successively, walking in the access station, platform positioning, waiting for boarding, train riding, and walking in the egress station. Walking speed and target position are modeled as individual factors, and in-station distances as random variables. Service timetable is exogenous. This makes egress times and exit instants random variables that are characterized by distribution and mass probability functions under closed-forms, for both single and distributed walking speeds. Specific statistical distributions are shown to ease computation. The resulting PDF formulae make likelihood functions of the model parameters. Maximum likelihood estimation is proposed and applied to a case study of commuter rail line in Paris: journeys between stations Vincennes and La Défense along line A of the Regional Express Railways. Based on data from Automated Fare Collection and Automatic Vehicle Location systems and pertaining to an individual user, satisfactory results were obtained.
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Seriani, Sebastian, Rodrigo Fernandez, Nattanon Luangboriboon, and Taku Fujiyama. "Exploring the Effect of Boarding and Alighting Ratio on Passengers’ Behaviour at Metro Stations by Laboratory Experiments." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6530897.
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The objective of this work was to study the effect of the ratio between passengers boarding and alighting on the passengers’ behaviour at metro stations. A mock-up of a vehicle and the relevant portion of the platform was built to run a series of simulation experiments at University College London’s Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory (PAMELA). Different scenarios were tested based on the next generation London Underground trains. The scenarios were classified according to different load conditions. Four types of behaviour are described. In most cases boarding is first, and passengers compete for space to enter the train. In the case of alighting, first passengers are faster than the rest of alighters due to the space available on the platform as boarding passengers give way to those who are getting off the train. In addition, alighters form lanes of flow depending on the number of passengers waiting to board the train on the platform. With respect to the train, if the density inside the train is higher than 4 passengers per square metre, then the flow at the doors starts to decrease. More experiments are needed to study the relationship between platform density and boarding and alighting time.
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Štembírek, Petr, Jaroslav Matuška, and Martin Vojtek. "Construction Layout of Stations and its Impact to Train Delays." Transport technic and technology 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2021-0004.
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Abstract The paper focuses on construction layout of railway stations, mainly platforms for boarding passenger trains. Platform layout has significant impact to the operation of trains, because passengers cross some tracks horizontally, when the train boarding is necessary. Horizontal track crossings cause possible dangerous situations from passengers’ point of view as well as operational problems from dispatcher point of view, because other trains have to slow or stop their ride. It may cause delays and it negatively influences timetable planning too. The problem is deeply analysed and described in a case study of Opatov railway station.
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de Ana Rodríguez, Gonzalo, Sebastián Seriani, and Catherine Holloway. "Impact of Platform Edge Doors on Passengers’ Boarding and Alighting Time and Platform Behavior." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2540, no. 1 (January 2016): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2540-12.
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Rahmayuda, Tio, and Denny Kurniadi. "PERANCANGAN APLIKASI MOBILE SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI TEMPAT KOST DAN FASISILTAS PENDUKUNG BERBASIS ANDROID." Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/voteteknika.v7i2.104013.
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Boarding houses has its own problems in finding. The problems are boarding house location, price, facilities, surrounding environment and time to gather about boarding houses information. Landlords of boarding house also have its own problems, like disseminate information about the boarding houses is limited. Mobile application of boarding houses and support facilities is built to solve the problem in finding suitable boarding houses and also to inform the others about the boarding houses. The method used is the client-server based waterfall model. Application server side’s use the PHP programming language (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor) and web services Json and MYSQL for Database Management Systems (DBMS). Application client side’s use the java programming language and java script that can run on the android platform. The design application of boarding houses and support facilities is based android to generate three applications which are one server and two application client. The first client application has function to search information of boarding houses. The second client application is used by landlord in marketing their boarding houses.Keywords: Android, Json, Client-server,MYSQL, Boarding Houses.
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Darmansyah, Darmansyah, Popi Parpati, and Rahmat Gunawan. "Perancangan Aplikasi Mobile E-Marketplace Rumah Kost (Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Karawang)." Jurnal Interkom: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 15, no. 4 (May 4, 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35969/interkom.v15i4.124.
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Karawang Regency is one of the industrial estates in West Java Province In addition,there are also many universities in Karawang Regency. The number of nomands in Karawang Regency until 2018 recorded 1.7 milion inhabitans. The nomands wo live in Karawang need a temporary residence or boarding house. During this time migrants in search of boarding house information by asking friends, asking the surrounding community and visiting one by one the location of boarding houses. This method is consiidered ineffective because it takes a lot of time to get the approciate boarding house information. In this study the authors made a mobile application E-Marketpalce boarding house in Karawang Regency. The system design method in this thesis research uses the Software Deplopment Life Cycle (SDLC) method with the waterfall model. This E-Marketplace mobile application was created using a bootstrap web platform, a programming language using PHP with a Codeigniter framework, Database Management System (DBMS) using MySQL and object-oriented modeling namely Unified Modeling Language (UML). The result of this study can be conclded that by making a mobile application E-Marketplace boarding house in Karawang regency that can help to facilitate boarding owners in marketing their boarding house.
Keywords: E-Marketplace, Boarding House, Codeigniter.
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Nelson, David O., Eloy Martinez, and Stephen Bonina. "Commuter Rail." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2275, no. 1 (January 2012): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2275-14.
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Federal regulators and passenger railways are both concerned about passengers with mobility impairments that limit their ability to use stairways. Federal policy and railway practice strongly encourage development of services that allow for level boarding and alighting from commuter rail trains. In addition to benefiting individuals who have trouble using stairs, level boarding can lead to significant improvements in service delivery for the rest of the public by reducing unproductive station dwell times, improving safety, and creating opportunities to improve crew efficiency. One obstacle to level boarding has been concerns presented by the freight railroads that operate over (and often own) trackage shared with the commuter trains. The freight operators wish to maintain a full horizontal clearance envelope allowing unrestricted operations. These concerns often limit the close door–platform interface necessary for level boarding. This paper summarizes current Federal Transit Administration policy on level boarding, discusses the benefits of level boarding, reviews the tension between freight clearance concerns and level boarding, and reviews the state of the practice in serving passengers with mobility impairments. On the basis of an industry review, it highlights three innovations that have been implemented or considered to expand the scope of level boarding among North American commuter railroads. Finally, it provides recommendations for further research.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boarding platform"
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Pettersson, Pierre. "Passenger waiting strategies on railway platforms - Effects of information and platform facilities - : Case study Sweden and Japan." Thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33550.
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Abstract The Swedish railway has during many years received low customer satisfaction scores. Reasons for this are reliability, service and information concerns. The focus of this master thesis lies on the railway platform. The platform is an important part to the factors above as its information and facilities, which constitute a part of the service before the trip, could contribute in causing delays and reliability issues. This study investigates the behaviour of passengers on railway platforms and the effect that information, seats and entrances along the platform has on that behaviour. The goal is to find advantages and disadvantages and propose improvements in a Swedish setting. Platforms and trains that have been studied are in Stockholm, Sweden and Tokyo, Japan. Platform distributions and individual behaviour on the platforms are recorded with three different and relatively easy methods. Results of the Swedish study show aggregate trends where passengers tend to cluster around entrances and seats. Many Swedish passengers do not believe themselves to have enough information to know where their car will stop. These passengers do mostly not know that information exist and on average stand much further away from their closest door, when the train arrives, compared to passengers that believe themselves to know where their car will stop along the platform. The results of the Japanese study show that almost all passengers stand close to their door. From the findings in not only this, but also other studies, four aggregate properties in order to get better railway platforms are finally presented. These properties are reliability, clarity and availability of information and good location of seats and other facilities. Suggestions for tangible improvements for the Swedish railway platforms are finally given. Among these improvements are new information screens and standardized information and stopping position of trains.
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Vasquez, Bustamante Jose Luis, Ochoa Chavez Raphael Marcelo, Manuel Silvera, and Fernando Castro. "Optimization of passengers boarding in the BRT system based on the security protocols established by the Covid-19 pandemic." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656570.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.According to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), the city of Lima has more than 9,485,405 inhabitants. This causes problems of pedestrian crowding in public places. The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system called Metropolitano transports 650,000 passengers a day, of which 81,800 of them use the boarding platform of the Naranjal station located in one of the most populated districts of Lima. In this station are concentrated 12.6% users of the entire transportation system. This research proposes a pedestrian microsimulation model with the objective of optimizing the pedestrian area of one of the most demanded platforms in Lima, considering the security protocols established by the Covid-19 Pandemic. To obtain results, the parameters of pedestrian density, bus frequency and queuing time were considered. The effectiveness of the proposed design is validated using a model made with the software Vissim. The results showed that the maximum number of pedestrians that can occupy the Naranjal station following the Covid-19 security protocols are 4166 persons, considering a 180 second bus frequency on lines with the highest demand and a maximum queuing time of 764.51 seconds.
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Mir, Felix, and Fredrik Rahm. "Passenger Influence on Dwell Time : A Case Study on the Light Rail Transit Line Tvärbanan in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275713.
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This thesis conducts research on the light rail transit (LRT)-line Tvärbanan in Stockholm regarding punctuality of dwell time (DT), focusing on the influence passengers have on the mean and the variance of DT. The eight major stops during rush-hours are analyzed through a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. DT is proved to be affected by many factors in a complex setting, with vast differences between stops and between train types, proving that the infrastructure, the platform design, and the train design is important factors. The overall core problem is the non-uniformity of passengers, which is caused mainly by (1) the platform layout, especially the locations of entrances/exits, (2) placement of the train doors in relation to platform obstacles, (3) connections to other means of public transportation, and (4) the overall placement of the entrances/exits at other stops in the same direction. Stop-specific measures and suggestions of overall improvements are proposed in order to reduce the mean and the variation of DT.Detta examensarbete undersöker hur uppehållstid påverkas av passagerare på light rail-linjen Tvärbanan i Stockholm, vilket har haft en historia av höga och oförutsägbara uppehållstider. De åtta största hållplatserna under rusningstid är analyserade genom en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Uppehållstiden beror på många faktorer i en complex miljö, där stora skillnader finns mellan de olika hållplatserna och de olika tågtyperna, vilket är ett bevis att infrastrukturen, plattformsdesignen och tågdesignen är viktiga faktorer. Grundproblemet är att passagerare är ojämnt fördelade på plattformarna, vilket är orsakat av (1) plattformsdesignen, speciellt vart ingångar/utgångar är placerade, (2) vart tågdörrarna stannar i relation till objekt på plattformen, (3) förbindelser till annan kollektivtrafik och (4) hur ingångar/utgångar är placerade över hela linjen i samma riktning. Övergripande och hållplatsspecifika åtgärder för att minimera uppehållstiden presenteras i rapporten.
Book chapters on the topic "Boarding platform"
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Dey, Sounak, and Avik Ghose. "An Interactive Social Boarding System Using Home Infotainment Platform." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 332–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24704-0_42.
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Li, Yang, and Yanhui Wang. "Urban Rail Transit Platform Passenger Alighting and Boarding Movement and Experiment Research." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 889–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7986-3_90.
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Dellyana, Dina, and Oktofa Yudha Sudrajad. "Capturing the Velocity of Sharia Economy Through an Islamic Boarding School's (Pesantren) B2B E-Commerce." In Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN, 457–84. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4984-1.ch023.
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Indonesia is the largest Muslim majority country in the world, representing 13% of the global Muslim population. The high number of Islamic boarding schools, or pesantren, in Indonesia and the value of conventional transactions that occur among them present a big economic opportunity. However, this opportunity is not well-documented, captured, or maintained. The need to digitalize transaction processes between pesantren is of high importance. The government, which in this case is represented by the Central Bank, has tried to form an e-commerce platform for pesantren markets through one particular pesantren considered the most mature and prepared to coordinate and manage such a platform. However, the characteristics of users from pesantren are very unique with a strong culture among them. Thus, the building of an e-commerce platform for this specific market needs to be carried out carefully. By using qualitative and quantitative methods, this research attempts to design the most appropiate e-commerce platform for this Islamic market.
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"Boarding the Technology Platforms." In Navigating ASEANnovation, 61–84. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814518734_0005.
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Agrawal, Ravi. "Hello Macaulay: Fixing Education." In India Connected. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190858650.003.0006.
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“My business is simple,” said Abdul Wahid. “I . . . I . . . P.” He paused. I waited. “Is . . . It . . . Possible.” As he said the words, Abdul Wahid drew in the air a grand billboard for his tutoring company. He paused once again for effect. “Is what possible?” I asked, finally. “Anything. Everything.” And then he added: “It is a cun-sept.” Abdul Wahid was very fond of concepts. Abdul—as he insisted I call him—was the son of a small dhaba owner in Kolkata. Ambitious, he didn’t want to run a loss-making, hole-in-the-wall restaurant like his father, dishing out dal-roti-sabzi to customers who were rude and never tipped. He didn’t want to do the same things every single day. Abdul wanted more. He wanted to be his own man. An entrepreneur. He had dreams that went beyond his father’s street. With the help of his smartphone, Abdul had turned himself into an English-speaking teacher-CEO. And now, with his tutoring company IIP, he wanted to transform education in India. Still, it was clear to me that the past clung to Abdul. He was only twenty-five, but he dressed like a much older man, in a crisply starched white shirt and pleated dark khakis. His eyes were almost comically enlarged by his old-fashioned rimless spectacles. When he moved, he gave off a faint aroma of cardamom; he carried pods in his trouser pocket, just as his father and his grandfather before him. Abdul had a vision for tutoring in India. “I want to make education like a gaming platform. Indian teachers think in 2-D. I want to make it like a planetarium experience. I want kids to see and feel projectile motion. Is it possible? Yes, it is.” Money was scarce in Abdul’s childhood. Back then, his dreams were dull, black-and-white, 2-D, standard definition 4-by-3. His father sent him away to a boarding school in a town in neighboring Bihar. Abdul found the system of rote learning a bore; his teachers were disinterested, playing truant more than he did.
Conference papers on the topic "Boarding platform"
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Sarunac, Radovan, Terry B. Soesbee, and Shin-Ichiro Ohta. "Multi Level Boarding Bi-Level Commuter Car for North American Market." In ASME/IEEE 2004 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2004-66019.
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A multilevel boarding version (low and high level platform boarding) of the bi-level commuter car for the North American market has been developed. The major challenge of the bi-level carbody design with the high and lower boarding access, i.e., passenger doors, is the side sill interruption at the lower level. The side sill is the main structural member (beside the center sill) that transmits the longitudinal load from the one end of the car to the other end. Since the side sill is interrupted by placing lower level passenger doors the alternative load path had to be designed. Originally, a solution similar to the one used on the California bi-level car was considered. However, due to major differences in the equipment arrangement and seating plan, an alternative design was developed. Consequently, the LIRR carbody type was chosen, with the exception that the lower body section between bolsters, “fish belly” was similar to the MARC III section. The specific goal and the first step were to study and confirm the feasibility of the concept. As a good engineering practice, prior to the initiation of any major carbody design, a preliminary structural analysis was provided. The worst-case structural scenarios regarding door and window locations were considered. Preliminary structural analysis included linear, static, finite element carbody analysis for various loads and loads requirements defined. This study summarizes the results of the analyses for each load case. The study also comprises the investigation and applicability of the relevant laws and requirements for Tier-I passenger equipment with specific emphasis to the Bi-level car. The applicability of the Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR, Transportation, Parts 200 to 399 and American Public Transit Association (APTA) Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices for Rail Passenger Equipment was investigated in detail. Relevant laws, standards, and requirements for Tier-I passenger equipment were identified, categorized and prioritized. Based on the relevant standards, feasibility analysis was performed for the most demanding design. Stress contour and deflection plots from the finite element analyses are provided only for the worst-case direction for a given loading scenario. Floor and seating plans accommodating the multilevel boarding options were developed.
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Mori, Kyosuke, and Wataru Wakita. "Boarding Sensation Presentation of the Biped Walking Robot with a Low-cost Two-axis Motion Platform." In 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vrw52623.2021.00255.
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Okamoto, Shun, Toru Eshima, Toshiaki Kanemoto, and Toshihiko Umekage. "Floating Type Ocean Wave Power Station (Wells Type Runner Work Submerged in Seawater)." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65997.
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The authors have invented the unique ocean wave power station, which is composed of the floating type platform with a pair of floats lining up at the interval of one wave pitch and the counter-rotating type wave power unit boarding on the middle position of the platform. Such profiles may make the flow velocity at the runner twice faster than that of the traditional fixed type (OWC). The counter-rotating type wave power unit is composed of the tandem runners submerged in the seawater and the peculiar generator with double rotational armatures. The tandem runners counter-rotate in keeping each rotational direction constant, even at the oscillating flow, where the relative rotational speed is also twice faster than that in the single runner/armature type. It can be expected to make the runner size larger, namely the output higher because the torques are counter balanced in the unit and never act on the platform. At preliminary research, the single stage Wells type runner was boarded on the above platform, while the behavior of the platform and the performance of the power unit were investigated experimentally. The runner works fruitfully in response to the oscillating platform.
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Shi, Shan, Charlie Mao, Jenny Yang, and Nishu Kurup. "New Design Configuration of Steel Catenary Risers With Pull-Tube for Spars." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50303.
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In previous Spar designs where pull tubes were used to board the risers (either export or flowline risers), the pull-tube extended a considerable distance beyond the keel and used a tapered design to form a bend restrictor that supported the riser throughout the riser/hull interface. In a current Spar design, the pull-tube is terminated at the hull keel and the bending loads are carried by a double sided stress-joint in the riser that pivots on a centralizer located near the bottom of the pull-tube. Essentially, this is an adaptation of the double-sided stress joint used for top tensioned risers exiting the bottom of their buoyancy can stems to the similar condition of an SCR exiting a pull tube terminating at the Spar’s keel. This new pull-tube and SCR configuration can be applied for both Truss and Classic Spars. SCRs boarding Spars through pull tubes have several advantages over stress joints or flex-joints anchored in porches, notably, eliminating both the need for divers to make large piping connections at 500′ to 600′ water depths and the possibility of those connections leaking over time. Moving the bend restrictor function from the pull tube to the riser provides the additional advantage of adding flexibility for the Spar to accommodate future risers whose size and weight are not known at the time the pull tubes are designed and the platform is installed. With the stress joint as part of the riser, the bend restrictor can be custom designed for each riser since the pull tube works the same for all risers. The SCR and stress joint, pull-in and in-place analyses have been performed by using the finite element program ABAQUS. The nonlinear capabilities of ABAQUS including the hybrid, gap and contact element formulations are utilized in the analysis of the pull-in process. The nonlinear contact elements with finite sliding capability are modeled with an exponential over-closure relationship.
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Nemeth, David, and Troy I. Walda. "The Pipe Inspection Lifecycle." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33594.
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Energy Transfer has implemented a new, comprehensive field-inspection system for the pipe inspection lifecycle that encompasses aerial observations, pipe exposures, foreign line crossings, in-line inspections, anomaly remediation, pipe inspection, and integrity sheet generation. In order to ensure the integrity of the pipe inspection program, the field inspection solution required full audit-trail capabilities, front-side data validation, and full integration with the corporate-wide GIS and Engineering Data Management System. Additionally, to ensure the success of the new inspection program, the inspection solution required a highly intuitive and field user-friendly interface, the ability to work equally well in both connected and disconnected environments, interactive mapping functionality, very high reliability, and a process-driven architecture. Energy Transfer owns and operates approximately 43,000 miles of natural gas, natural gas liquids, refined products, and crude oil pipelines. Due to the size and diversity of Energy Transfer’s assets, the corporate GIS system must be distributed across seven independent instances consisting of server pools and large-scale relational database management systems (RDBMS). Although each system must be functionally independent, the field inspection system and the inspection process must interact with each server and RDBMS instance with equal functionality and be able to report on all pipe inspection activities across the enterprise. The inspection system is used by over 1,200 Energy Transfer employees and contractors, and approximately 15,000 inspections are performed annually. The system supports a variety of devices, such as: laptops, tablet computers, iOS devices (i.e., iPads, iPhones), and Android devices. Whether on foot, in vehicles or aircraft, users can enter information from the platform that best meets the needs of their individual environment. Information collected on any device is available for continuance of the pipe inspection lifecycle on any other device and is available in real time at the corporate offices via a Web portal. The Web portal provides visualization tools for both business and engineering analysis such as progress tracking and remediation planning. These functions are supported through the portal’s integrated mapping, dash boarding, and a reporting functionality that includes advanced search capabilities for both comparative and predictive analysis. In addition to utilization for the pipe inspection lifecycle, the inspection system is being used for a variety of other inspection and regulatory compliance-related activities, including: cathodic protection, incident reporting, corrosion assessment, DOT structure location, MAOP-MOP establishment, shallow cover, unmetered gas loss, and many more right-of-way related activities.
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Dunn-Norman, S., K. T. Erickson, E. K. Stanek, and Ann Miller. "Offshore Pipeline Leak Detection With PSLs." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37462.
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Pressure safety low alarms (PSLs) have been required as a means of pipeline leak detection. PSLs are typically located on the export riser and on each boarding riser of intermediate platforms. The PSL is intended to shut in the production in the event of a pipeline leak. Historical production and leak event data suggest that PSL alarms may not function as expected in all operating situations. The US Minerals Management Service (MMS) commissioned a study to determine PSL operation as a function of produced fluids, line characteristics and other factors. This paper summarizes the findings of this study. The results of this study demonstrate situations in which PSLs can function as prescribed and situations in which PSLs may prove unreliable. The results of this study are significant because offshore pipelines are typically the greatest source of offshore pollution.