Journal articles: 'Blurriness'

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Ye, Wei, and Kai-Kuang Ma. "Blurriness-Guided Unsharp Masking." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 27, no. 9 (September 2018): 4465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2018.2838660.

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Sorensen, Roy A. "Vagueness, measurement, and blurriness." Synthese 75, no. 1 (April 1988): 45–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00873274.

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Burek, Henry. "Blur equivalence – precision in blurriness." Optician 2017, no. 8 (August 2017): 160003–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2017.8.160003.

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Khan, Aamir, Weidong Jin, Amir Haider, MuhibUr Rahman, and Desheng Wang. "Adversarial Gaussian Denoiser for Multiple-Level Image Denoising." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092998.

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Image denoising is a challenging task that is essential in numerous computer vision and image processing problems. This study proposes and applies a generative adversarial network-based image denoising training architecture to multiple-level Gaussian image denoising tasks. Convolutional neural network-based denoising approaches come across a blurriness issue that produces denoised images blurry on texture details. To resolve the blurriness issue, we first performed a theoretical study of the cause of the problem. Subsequently, we proposed an adversarial Gaussian denoiser network, which uses the generative adversarial network-based adversarial learning process for image denoising tasks. This framework resolves the blurriness problem by encouraging the denoiser network to find the distribution of sharp noise-free images instead of blurry images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively resolve the blurriness problem and achieve significant denoising efficiency than the state-of-the-art denoising methods.

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Yang, Zhuorui, and Aura Ganz. "Egocentric Landmark-Based Indoor Guidance System for the Visually Impaired." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 8, no. 3 (July 2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2017070104.

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In this paper, we introduce an egocentric landmark-based guidance system that enables visually impaired users to interact with indoor environments. The user who wears Google Glasses will capture his surroundings within his field of view. Using this information, we provide the user an accurate landmark-based description of the environment including his relative distance and orientation to each landmark. To achieve this functionality, we developed a near real time accurate vision based localization algorithm. Since the users are visually impaired our algorithm accounts for captured images using Google Glasses that have severe blurriness, motion blurriness, low illumination intensity and crowd obstruction. We tested the algorithm performance in a 12,000 ft2 open indoor environment. When we have mint query images our algorithm obtains mean location accuracy within 5ft., mean orientation accuracy less than 2 degrees and reliability above 88%. After applying deformation effects to the query images such blurriness, motion blurriness and illumination changes, we observe that the reliability is above 75%.

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Zhang, Haopeng, Bo Yuan, Bo Dong, and Zhiguo Jiang. "No-Reference Blurred Image Quality Assessment by Structural Similarity Index." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8102003.

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No-reference (NR) image quality assessment (IQA) objectively measures the image quality consistently with subjective evaluations by using only the distorted image. In this paper, we focus on the problem of NR IQA for blurred images and propose a new no-reference structural similarity (NSSIM) metric based on re-blur theory and structural similarity index (SSIM). We extract blurriness features and define image blurriness by grayscale distribution. NSSIM scores an image quality by calculating image luminance, contrast, structure and blurriness. The proposed NSSIM metric can evaluate image quality immediately without prior training or learning. Experimental results on four popular datasets show that the proposed metric outperforms SSIM and well-matched to state-of-the-art NR IQA models. Furthermore, we apply NSSIM with known IQA approaches to blurred image restoration and demonstrate that NSSIM is statistically superior to peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), SSIM and consistent with the state-of-the-art NR IQA models.

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Krzysztof - Świderska, Agnieszka Małgorzata. "Histrionical Blurriness. A God Image Without Features." Horyzonty Wychowania 21, no. 59 (September 29, 2022): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/hw.2022.2159.12.

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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Exploring the specificity of God Image in histrionic personality organization. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research question is: God Image in histrionic subtype of Personality Organization is similar or different from the God Image in Borderline Personality Organization? Methodological strategy of Qualitative Secondary Analysis with the use of CAQDAS of material gathered in a project concerning God Image in Borderline personality organization (Krzysztof-Świderska, 2017) was performed. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The influence of the pre-oedipal roots of histrionic personality organization on the development of the specific God Image was argued. RESEARCH RESULTS: Outcomes shed light on certain characteristics of the histrionic God image: idealization and blurriness. The main conclusion is that characteristics of God Image in histrionical patients correspond with Bollas’s theoretical approach. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: From a methodological point of view in future research, it is recommended to standardize groups in terms of the phase of therapy. It is also indicated that acting out experienced problems in a religious space could be potentially dangerous to those patients.

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Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, and Hamid Hassanpour. "Model-based full reference image blurriness assessment." Multimedia Tools and Applications 76, no. 2 (January 21, 2016): 2733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3149-5.

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Yang, Chang-Mo, Dong-Hyeok Lee, Kyoung-Soo Park, Young-Tae Kim, and Choon-Woo Kim. "Comparison of Measures of Blurriness in Transparent Displays." Electronic Imaging 2017, no. 18 (January 29, 2017): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.18.color-038.

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Ibrar-ul-Haque, Muhammad, Muhammad Tahir Qadri, Najeeb Siddiqui, and Talat Altaf. "Combined Blockiness, Blurriness and White Noise Distortion Meter." Wireless Personal Communications 103, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 1927–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5888-x.

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Lindquist, Sara. "Hen och jag: Olika nivåer av intimitet." lambda nordica 23, no. 3-4 (March 27, 2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34041/ln.v23.554.

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Photographic project with focus on queer/lesbian kinship beyond the boundaries on biology. Exploring photographic norms with sharpness and blurriness within the images and what meaning that gives the images.

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Yue, Guanghui, Chunping Hou, Ke Gu, and Nam Ling. "No reference image blurriness assessment with local binary patterns." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 49 (November 2017): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2017.09.011.

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Dardi, Francesca, Leonardo Abate, Jeroen Stessen, and Giovanni Ramponi. "Causes and subjective evaluation of blurriness in video frames." Signal Processing: Image Communication 28, no. 3 (March 2013): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2012.12.007.

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SU, YUTING, JING ZHANG, YU HAN, JING CHEN, and QINGZHONG LIU. "EXPOSING DIGITAL VIDEO LOGO-REMOVAL FORGERY BY INCONSISTENCY OF BLUR." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 07 (November 2010): 1027–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410008317.

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A novel approach for detecting video logo-removal forgery is proposed by measuring inconsistency of blur. Our approach is based on the assumption that if a digital video undergoes logo-removal forgery; the blurriness of the forged region is expected to be different as compared to the nontampered parts of the video. Blurriness is first estimated by analyzing the spatial and temporal statistical property of logo areas, and suspicious areas are roughly located; then features are extracted and a fine classification is implemented by applying support vector machine (SVM) to extract features. If the suspicious areas and the reference areas are classified into different classes, the video is judged as a forged video. Experimental results show that our method is robust to video lossy compression for logo-removal forgery detection with the advantages of high classification accuracy and low computation cost.

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Fil, А. А., Е. L. Sorokin, and О. V. Kolenko. "Experience in using the capabilities of laser speckle flowgraphy in macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusions (preliminary report)." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2022-3-264-269.

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Purpose. To evaluate the features of blood flow in the optic nerve disc (OND) in patients with macular edema on the background of retinal vein occlusions (RVO). Material and methods. The study included 30 patients (30 eyes) with macular edema on the background of acute respiratory viral infections. Their age ranged from 38 to 84 years (on average 60 ± 10.5 years). There were 11 men and 19 women among them. The control group included 15 somatically healthy patients with no vascular pathology of the eye (30 eyes). In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, all patients underwent a study of the state of retinal blood flow by laser speckle-fluorography. To assess the blood circulation of the vessels around the optic nerve disc, a circular marker was installed, after which the software allowed to evaluate the following parameters: the average value of the blurriness of the image of the blood vessel area (MV); the average value of the blurriness of the image of the tissue area (MT); the average value of the blurriness of the image of the entire measured area (MA); the average value of the blurriness of the image of the area of blood vessels, reduced by the same indicator related to the area of tissue – this indicator reflects the blood flow in the retinal vessels (MV–MT). Results. In the course of the study, a significant decrease in the velocity parameters of the blood flow of the optic disc region was revealed in patients of the main group relative to the control group. The parameters MV–MT, MV, MT decreased by 20, 22, 26 % in the main group relative to the control group (p < 0.001). The most pronounced decrease was revealed for the MA indicator. This parameter decreased by 32 % in patients with retinal vein occlusions (p < 0.001). Conclusion. In our pilot study, a statistically significant decrease in the average blur speed was revealed in patients with macular edema on the background of ORV, which indicates a violation of blood flow and indicates the prospects of using the method in clinical practice. Keywords: laser speckle-fluorography, average blurring rate, retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, chorioretinal blood flow.

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Peng, Yan-Tsung, and Pamela C. Cosman. "Underwater Image Restoration Based on Image Blurriness and Light Absorption." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 26, no. 4 (April 2017): 1579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2017.2663846.

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Hong, Yuzhen, Guoqiang Ren, and Enhai Liu. "A no-reference image blurriness metric in the spatial domain." Optik 127, no. 14 (July 2016): 5568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.03.077.

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Dardi, Francesca, Leonardo Abate, and Giovanni Ramponi. "No-reference measurement of perceptually significant blurriness in video frames." Signal, Image and Video Processing 5, no. 3 (January 20, 2011): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-010-0198-0.

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Ibrar-ul-Haque, Muhammad, Muhammad Tahir Qadri, and Najeeb Siddiqui. "Reduced reference blockiness and blurriness meter for image quality assessment." Imaging Science Journal 63, no. 5 (May 4, 2015): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743131x15y.0000000011.

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DOĞANTEKİN, Cankat, Havva Hilal AYVAZ ÇELİK, İjlal ERTURAN, Gamze ERKILINÇ, Selma KORKMAZ, and Mehmet YILDIRIM. "DRESS Sendromu: Bir Olgu Sunumu." Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 1, no. 3 (December 2020): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51261/yiu.2020.00020.

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DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) syndrome is a rare, life-threatening drug reaction characterized by acute onset of fever, skin rash, and multisystemic involvement. Although the pathophysiology is not exactly known, slow detoxification of arene oxide bioactive metabolites of drugs and viral coinfections are blamed in people with genetic predisposition. A 17-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a rash covering his entire body for 5 days. The patient, who stated that he had been using carbamazepine for 4 months due to epilepsy, had fever reaching 38.5°C at the time of admission, impaired liver function tests, high CRP, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia. The patient, who was hospitalized, developed sudden vision blurriness and the cranial MRI result was reported as normal. It was thought that the blurriness in the vision could be caused by drug-induced eosinophil infiltration. This case is presented as a rare case of DRESS syndrome with blurred vision. Keywords: drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, anticonvulsant treatment, blurred vision

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Song, Yue Hong, Peng Fei Wang, and Yan Fang Xu. "Line Output Quality Assessment of Digital Printers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.152.

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This paper mainly focuses on the quality assessment of line output of digital printers. Line patterns with various color, width and of two direction(Horizontal and Vertical) have been carefully designed to constitute a test chart. And then printed with a typical color inkjet printer (Epson 1390)and color laser printer(HP4700) separately. The substrates including common print paper and glossy photo paper. Based on the ISO13660 standard, a measurement software was programmed in Matlab, and was used to test the line characteristics. Through analyzing the test results, some conclusion can be drawn: The outputted lines are generally wider than the designed line width. Raggedness of horizontal lines and vertical lines show significant differences, this has a great deal to do with the imaging mechanism of the printer. The ink and surface of the substrate have great influences on blurriness of the line edge, for example, the coating of a glossy paper usually help the pigments spreading on the substrates, but this will aggravate the blurriness of the line edge.

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Bayuelo, Jaishir, Javier Sanjuan, Julián Yepes-Martinez, Wilson Tovar, Fabio Zapata, and Giselle Peñaloza. "An Overlapping and Integral Blurry Evaluation Method to Optimize Tissues Scanning from Microscope." MATEC Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818601006.

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Virtual microscopes are devices that employ an automated XYZ mechanism to scan a sample, leading to the obtention of a series of small pictures that, when merged, compose a high-quality representation of the specimen. Due to the assembly tolerances, these devices may suffer from zones out of focus, reducing the quality of the final image. To solve this problem, researchers employ evaluation methods to calculate the blurriness of the image, and when an out of focus picture is located, performs the process of autofocus. Because of the variation on the types of samples, especially in pathology, the existing evaluation methods may fail to deliver a proper blur detection. This article proposes an optimized algorithm for the detection of the blurriness while conducting the sample scan in real time, ensuring that every scanned picture will be in focus. For this purpose, the algorithm relies on two functions, the comparison of the overlapping zones of two consecutive images, and the multivariate linear regression of a series of focus functions. The algorithm proved to be a reliable tool when applied in different pathology samples.

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Power, Kerry. "Ethical problems in virtual research: Enmeshing the blurriness with Twitter data." E-Learning and Digital Media 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2019): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042753019834954.

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When conceptualising knowledge gained from tapping into an internet data pool, one may question many things which can include the role of the researcher and the researched, privacy and ethics, intention, authenticity and the vastness of scope. The researcher, regardless of research intention including moral or ethical positions, must acknowledge that there are billions of nuances affecting online user participation. Ethical boundaries surrounding available data deemed ‘public’ in a program like Twitter, for example, are not easily wrapped in a terms of service agreement. Ethical problems in virtual research are expansive, and it is necessary to frame how and why researchers should address them. In the following paper, I outline some significant ethical issues in virtual research and address perceived pluralities as enmeshment. Drawing on Barad's ( 2007 , 2010 , 2014 ) theoretical model of diffraction, I poke holes through ethical blurriness and think through ethical possibilities for researchers, including online presence, data collection practices and participant agency.

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Wang, Hui, Xiaojuan Hu, Hui Xu, Shiyin Li, and Zhaolin Lu. "No-Reference Quality Assessment Method for Blurriness of SEM Micrographs with Multiple Texture." Scanning 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4271761.

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plays an important role in the intuitive understanding of microstructures because it can provide ultrahigh magnification. Tens or hundreds of images are regularly generated and saved during a typical microscopy imaging process. Given the subjectivity of a microscopist’s focusing operation, blurriness is an important distortion that debases the quality of micrographs. The selection of high-quality micrographs using subjective methods is expensive and time-consuming. This study proposes a new no-reference quality assessment method for evaluating the blurriness of SEM micrographs. The human visual system is more sensitive to the distortions of cartoon components than to those of redundant textured components according to the Gestalt perception psychology and the entropy masking property. Micrographs are initially decomposed into cartoon and textured components. Then, the spectral and spatial sharpness maps of the cartoon components are extracted. One metric is calculated by combining the spatial and spectral sharpness maps of the cartoon components. The other metric is calculated on the basis of the edge of the maximum local variation map of the cartoon components. Finally, the two metrics are combined as the final metric. The objective scores generated using this method exhibit high correlation and consistency with the subjective scores.

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Xiong, Li, Huiqi Li, and Liang Xu. "An Approach to Evaluate Blurriness in Retinal Images with Vitreous Opacity for Cataract Diagnosis." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5645498.

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Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world’s population. A method to evaluate blurriness for cataract diagnosis in retinal images with vitreous opacity is proposed in this paper. Three types of features are extracted, which include pixel number of visible structures, mean contrast between vessels and background, and local standard deviation. To avoid the wrong detection of vitreous opacity as retinal structures, a morphological method is proposed to detect and remove such lesions from retinal visible structure segmentation. Based on the extracted features, a decision tree is trained to classify retinal images into five grades of blurriness. The proposed approach was tested using 1355 clinical retinal images, and the accuracies of two-class classification and five-grade grading compared with that of manual grading are 92.8% and 81.1%, respectively. The kappa value between automatic grading and manual grading is 0.74 in five-grade grading, in which both variance and P value are less than 0.001. Experimental results show that the grading difference between automatic grading and manual grading is all within 1 grade, which is much improvement compared with that of other available methods. The proposed grading method provides a universal measure of cataract severity and can facilitate the decision of cataract surgery.

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Honda, Kosuke, Masaki Kurematsu, Hamido Fujita, and Ali Selamat. "Multi-Task Learning for Scene Text Image Super-Resolution with Multiple Transformers." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223813.

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Scene text image super-resolution aims to improve readability by recovering text shapes from low-resolution degraded text images. Although recent developments in deep learning have greatly improved super-resolution (SR) techniques, recovering text images with irregular shapes, heavy noise, and blurriness is still challenging. This is because networks with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based backbones cannot sufficiently capture the global long-range correlations of text images or detailed sequential information about the text structure. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a Multi-task learning-based Text Super-resolution (MTSR) Network to approach this problem. MTSR is a multi-task architecture for image reconstruction and SR. It uses transformer-based modules to transfer complementary features of the reconstruction model, such as noise removal capability and text structure information, to the SR model. In addition, another transformer-based module using 2D positional encoding is used to handle irregular deformations of the text. The feature maps generated from these two transformer-based modules are fused to attempt improvement of the visual quality of images with heavy noise, blurriness, and irregular deformations. Experimental results on the TextZoom dataset and several scene text recognition benchmarks show that our MTSR significantly improves the accuracy of existing text recognizers.

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Zhang, Zheng, Yu Liu, Zhihui Xiong, Jing Li, and Maojun Zhang. "Focus and Blurriness Measure Using Reorganized DCT Coefficients for an Autofocus Application." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 28, no. 1 (January 2018): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2016.2602308.

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Mohamed, Sheerin Sitara Noor, and Kavitha Srinivasan. "A Hybrid Image Enhancement Algorithm for Effective Concrete Surface Crack Classification." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (September 29, 2021): 1283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09659.

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Huge number of images are acquired and analysed every day for a range of applications in civil infrastructure. One such application is the identification of cracks in concrete surface images, which is a challenge owing to their low contrast and resolution, blurriness, noise and information loss. Existing image enhancement algorithms improve either contrast or resolution to a rather limited extent. This paper proposes a Hybrid Image Enhancement (HIE) algorithm to improve both the contrast and resolution of concrete surface images using the Wavelet transform and Singular Value Decomposition (SVM). The enhanced concrete surface crack images are classified into specific crack types. The classification comprises preprocessing, crack detection, feature extraction and crack classification. The images are initially preprocessed using the Wiener filter to remove blurriness, following which cracks are detected using morphological operations and discontinuities in the segmented crack regions eliminated using the K-Dimensional Tree algorithm. Features are extracted from the segmented regions using statistical and geometric features. The image is classified thereafter into specific crack types using algorithms from three different neural network, kernel and tree based categories. The proposed HIE algorithm is validated using quantitative metrics and the results obtained are compared with those from State-of-the-Art methods and datasets. The results have shown that the HIE algorithm offers significantly improved accuracy of between 6% and 10% in the classification of concrete surface images.

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Scheunpflug, Annette, and Martin Affolderbach. "Zur Funktion unscharfer Begriffe." Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Pädagogik 95, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890581-09501017.

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Abstract On the Function of Fuzzy Terms. A Plea for a Reflexive Look at Explications Concepts are commonly used to describe words which are, beyond a singular object, connected with an idea. This paper argues that concepts should not only be understood by a precise definition, but also with a reflexive view of their implications. Thus, the blurriness of terms fulfils important functions, including the role of communicative connectivity. This observation is discussed in regard to its meaning for educational research.

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Ying, Qianwen, Jiahao Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, Max Yan, and Zhichao Ruan. "Highly stable measurement for nanoparticle extinction cross section by analyzing aperture-edge blurriness." Optics Express 29, no. 11 (May 12, 2021): 16323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.426163.

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Silva, Alexandre Fieno da, and Mylène C. Q. Farias;. "Perceptual Strengths of Video Impairments that Combine Blockiness, Blurriness, and Packet-Loss Artifacts." Electronic Imaging 2018, no. 12 (January 28, 2018): 234–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2018.12.iqsp-234.

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Askari Javaran, Taiebeh, Hamid Hassanpour, and Vahid Abolghasemi. "A noise-immune no-reference metric for estimating blurriness value of an image." Signal Processing: Image Communication 47 (September 2016): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2016.06.009.

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Peng Wang, Jiyin Sun, Linlin Li, and Yong Chen. "Performance Influence of Blurriness on Automatic Target Building Detection in Forward-looking Infrared Images." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 4, no. 21 (November 30, 2012): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol4.issue21.71.

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Yuan, Jieyu, Zhanchuan Cai, and Wei Cao. "TEBCF: Real-World Underwater Image Texture Enhancement Model Based on Blurriness and Color Fusion." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 60 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3110575.

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Deng, Chenwei, Shuigen Wang, Zhen Li, Guang-Bin Huang, and Weisi Lin. "Content-Insensitive Blind Image Blurriness Assessment Using Weibull Statistics and Sparse Extreme Learning Machine." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 49, no. 3 (March 2019): 516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2017.2718180.

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Yatchenko, V. "On the role of social factors in the formation of ancient Ukrainian mythology." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 21 (December 18, 2001): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2002.21.1213.

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The postulate of the decisive role of social factors in the formation of a way of life, the creation of a spiritual climate and the general semantic field of culture has long and firmly entered in our literature as universally recognized. At the same time it is worth noting the fact that the prevalence of the use of this category in research works oftencombined with its meaningful blurriness, indistinctness. The point is that the category of "social factors" or "social factors" is a commonplace, abstraction, which in different cultural systems and in different historical situations, present themselves very different from each other phenomena

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Li, Chao Feng, Yi Wen Ju, and Quan Lin Hou. "A Novel No-Reference Perceptual Blur Metric." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.716.

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In this paper, we present a novel no-reference blur metric for images. The blur metric is based on analyzing image features include the mean value of phase congruency image, the entropy of phase congruency image and the distorted image, and the gradient of the distorted image. The new index does NOT need any information from reference image, and image quality estimation is accomplished by simple functional relationship between those features. Our experimental results show that the new index outperforms existing popular no-reference blurriness metric and full reference PSNR on LIVE Gaussian blurred database and IVC blurring images.

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Allebach, Jan P. "Nearest-neighbor and bilinear resampling factor estimation to detect blockiness or blurriness of an image." Journal of Electronic Imaging 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 023005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2912053.

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Durovic, Mateja, and Marco Montanaro. "Data Protection and Data Commerce: Friends or Foes?" European Review of Contract Law 17, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2021-0001.

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Abstract This paper explores the relation between the European rules on data protection and the commercialization of data. After contextualising the ongoing data revolution, it is argued that the practice of commercializing data may raise problematic issues under data protection law in two fundamental respects. First, it is often unclear whether data protection law should apply to begin with (‘the “if” problem’). Secondly, when and if data protection law applies, it is frequently hard to determine how it should apply (‘the “how” problem’). As we will observe, both the irreducibly dynamic nature of data and the conceptual blurriness of our legal discourse risk setting data protection law and trade in data on a baleful collision course.

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Rickel, A. M. "Generation as a social-psychological research object: playing at home or an away match?" Social Psychology and Society 10, no. 2 (2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100202.

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The article examines the methodological difficulties associated with studying of the generation category in social psychology. The history of studying the problems of generations and intergenerational conflicts in psychology and humanitarian disciplines is briefly analyzed, the conclusion is drawn about the vastness of both the theoretical concept and the blurriness of the methods of the empirical operationalization of the generation. Theoretically close constructs are given, allowing one to consider generational problems within the framework of other conceptual frameworks. Existing models and theories of generations, including popular science, are considered, their critical analysis is carried out. Some theoretical decisions are proposed that allow one to reduce the problems associated with the operationalization and study of the generation in social psychology.

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Tye, Michael. "Filling In and the Nature of Visual Experience." Harvard Review of Philosophy 27 (2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview202092533.

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This essay begins with a discussion of the phenomenon of filling in. It is argued that filling in is naturally accounted for by taking visual experiences to be importantly like drawn pictures of the world outside. An alternative proposal is then considered, one that models visual experiences on incomplete descriptions. It is shown that introspection does not favor the pictorial view. It is also shown that the phenomenon of blurriness in visual experience does not provide a good reason for favoring the pictorial view either. Why, then, be a pictorialist? It is argued that visual experiences conform to what have been called “the laws of appearance” and that their conformity to these laws gives us an excellent reason for preferring the pictorial account.

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Xu, Yan Fang, Lin Nan, and Gui Ping Jiang. "Study on a Model for Perceived Text Definition of Multi-Stroke Chinese Character." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1802.

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IS0-13660 has defined line attributes in digital prints. In order to investigate the effect of these attributers on perceived text definition (PTD), the correlation model between the two was developed in this study. The test target with a multi-stroke Black Type Chinese character in two sizes of 6.5 and 10.5 points, as well as some single lines, was designed and printed, coming into being 16 test samples with different qualities. The objective line attribute measurements and subjective definition evaluations were carried out, and linear correlation model was built between the two. The experimental results indicate that the PTD could be relevant to line’s contrast, raggedness, blurriness and width, and is always positively relevant to the contrast and negatively relevant to the later three attributes.

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Dehdashti, Amir R. "Ophthalmic artery aneurysm treated by surgical clipping and balloon-assisted temporary carotid occlusion." Neurosurgical Focus 39, videosuppl1 (July 2015): V3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.7.focusvid.14570.

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A 29-year-old woman is diagnosed with a large broad-base right ophthalmic artery aneurysm. Despite an intact visual field, she complained of mild right visual blurriness. Between endovascular and surgical treatments, surgery was favored due to her young age. It was decided to perform the surgery with simultaneous endovascular temporary carotid balloon occlusion. A right pterional craniotomy and intradural anterior clinoidectomy were performed, the balloon was positioned in the petrous carotid, and the distal durai ring was opened exposing the proximal neck. Under temporary proximal carotid balloon occlusion and distal carotid clip occlusion, the aneurysm was fully dissected and clipped. Intraoperative angiogram confirmed complete aneurysm occlusion and patency of the ophthalmic artery. The patient's neurological exam remained unchanged.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/BIQKTl9bDqA.

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Xu, Yifeng, Huigang Wang, Garth Douglas Cooper, Shaowei Rong, and Weitao Sun. "Learning-Based Dark and Blurred Underwater Image Restoration." Complexity 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6549410.

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Underwater image processing is a difficult subtopic in the field of computer vision due to the complex underwater environment. Since the light is absorbed and scattered, underwater images have many distortions such as underexposure, blurriness, and color cast. The poor quality hinders subsequent processing such as image classification, object detection, or segmentation. In this paper, we propose a method to collect underwater image pairs by placing two tanks in front of the camera. Due to the high-quality training data, the proposed restoration algorithm based on deep learning achieves inspiring results for underwater images taken in a low-light environment. The proposed method solves two of the most challenging problems for underwater image: darkness and fuzziness. The experimental results show that the proposed method surpasses most other methods.

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Oikkonen, Venla. "Conceptualizing histories of multispecies entanglements: Ancient pathogen genomics and the case of Borrelia recurrentis." Journal of Social Archaeology 21, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605321993942.

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This article explores the conceptual and cultural implications of using pathogen ancient DNA (aDNA) collected in archaeological contexts to understand the past. More specifically, it examines ancient pathogen genomics as a way of conceptualizing multispecies entanglements. The analysis focuses on the 2018 sequencing of Borrelia recurrentis bacteria retrieved from a medieval graveyard in Oslo, Norway. B. recurrentis is associated with louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), known to have killed several million people in Europe during the past millennium, and it is still encountered in parts of East Africa. The article demonstrates that while aDNA research often foregrounds multispecies entanglements, its epistemic tools cannot easily address the ontological blurriness of pathogens and their embeddedness in vibrant material processes. The article draws on feminist posthumanities work on microbes and materiality to highlight conceptual openings that a theorization of ancient pathogens could engender.

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Cui, Xiao Meng, Guang Xue Chen, and Huan Mei Wang. "Survey and Analyze the Line Output Characteristics in Inkjet Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2603.

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Inkjet characters and graphics quality are impacted by rough and wavy exterior appearing along the line edge caused by feather and penetration phenomena. In order to deliberate whether only positive line attributes measurement was adequate to detect the output characteristic of an inkjet printing system, negative line quality survey was involved in. The attributes such as line width, contrast and blurriness etc. of negative lines in vertical and horizon direction together with positive lines were measured and analyzed though comparison according to ISO 13660 standard. Output characteristics of all kinds of lines were further summarized and detected in terms of attribute correlations of positive lines presented in existing study. Results show that when negative and positive lines are considered altogether the correlations among lines in different direction turn complex, which are distinguished with the simple correlativity in positive line quality detection.

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Cui, Xiao Meng, Guang Xue Chen, Huan Mei Wang, and Lin Lin Chen. "Micro Line Quality Measurement Based on Normally Scanned Digital Image." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.839.

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In this study we present a new framework to assess line micro quality of multicolor prints adapted to a low-cost image quality analysis system based on common flatbed scanner. The contribution elements including quality metrics, measurement principle, applying methods and detection instrument, which were complemented and sorted in terms of ISO 13660 standard, were described and a case experiment was conducted to survey the output performance of both inkjet printer and xerographic printer, two most popular digital printing technologies. Their qualities were compared in details rendering angle such as width and straightness of line, raggedness and blurriness in line edges, as well as darkness and contrast in color. The results verify the efficiency and shortcomings of the framework. Meanwhile, the metric values let us take an investigation in the character of each digital printing technology in micron size.

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Kaushal, Sandeep, Bambam Kumar, and Dharmendra Singh. "An autofocusing method for imaging the targets for TWI radar systems with correction of thickness and dielectric constant of wall." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001356.

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AbstractIn through the wall imaging systems, wall parameters like its thickness and dielectric constant play an important role in the true and correct image formation of an object behind the wall made of various materials like brick cement, wood, plastic, etc. Incorrect estimation of these parameters leads to dislocation of the object and smearing or blurriness of the image too. A new autofocusing technique for a stepped frequency continuous wave -based radar at the frequency of 1–3 Ghz has been developed that corrects the wall's parameters like its thickness and dielectric constant and provides a better focused image of the target. For this purpose, a peak signal to noise ratio -based autofocusing technique has been developed by using curve fitting and the genetic algorithm. It is observed that the proposed technique has capability to focus the image up to good extent.

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Eren, Murat Tuğrul, Hakan Özveri, Murat Kolay, Neslihan Yıldırım Saral, and Mustafa Serteser. "Ex vivo study: is it possible to overcome the blurriness caused by holmium laser fragmentation of kidney stones?" Urolithiasis 50, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00240-021-01285-z.

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Siritanawan, Prarinya, Kazunori Kotani, and Fan Chen. "Cumulative Differential Gabor Features for Facial Expression Classification." International Journal of Semantic Computing 09, no. 02 (June 2015): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x15400036.

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Emotions are written all over our faces. Facial expressions of emotions can be possibly read by computer vision and machine learning system. Regarding the evidence in cognitive science, the perception of facial dynamics is necessary for understanding the facial expression of human emotions. Our previous study proposed a temporal feature to model the levels of facial muscle activation. However, the quality of the feature suffers from various types of interference such as translation, scaling, noise, blurriness, and varying illumination. To cope with such problems, we derive a novel feature descriptor by expanding 2D Gabor features for a time series data. This feature is called Cumulative Differential Gabor feature (CDG). Then, we use a discriminative subspace for estimating an emotion class. As a result, our method gains the advantages of using both spatial and frequency components. The experimental results show the performance and the robustness to the underlying conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blurriness'

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