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Journal articles on the topic 'Bluff bodies'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Thompson, Mark C., Thomas Leweke, and Kerry Hourigan. "Bluff Bodies and Wake–Wall Interactions." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 53, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-072220-123637.

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This review surveys the dramatic variations in wake structures and flow transitions, in addition to body forces, that appear as the motion of bluff bodies through a fluid occurs increasingly closer to a solid wall. In particular, we discuss the two cases of bluff bodies translating parallel to solid walls at varying heights and bluff bodies impacting on solid walls. In the former case, we highlight the changes to the wake structures as the flow varies from that of an isolated body to that of a body on or very close to the wall, including the effects when the body is rotating. For the latter case of an impacting body, we review the flow structures following impact and their transition to three-dimensionality. We discuss the issue of whether there is solid–solid contact between the bluff body and a wall and its importance to body motion.

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2

Sarioglu, Mustafa, and Tahir Yavuz. "Subcritical Flow Around Bluff Bodies." AIAA Journal 40, no. 7 (July 2002): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1792.

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3

Abdullah, Makola M., Kenneth K. Walsh, Shannon Grady, and G. Dale Wesson. "Modeling Flow around Bluff Bodies." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (January 2005): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2005)19:1(104).

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4

Matsumoto, Masaru, Yoshiyuki Daito, Fumitaka Yoshizumi, Yasuo Ichikawa, and Tadahiro Yabutani. "Torsional flutter of bluff bodies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 69-71 (July 1997): 871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(97)00213-4.

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5

Sarioglu, M., and T. Yavuz. "Subcritical flow around bluff bodies." AIAA Journal 40 (January 2002): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.15221.

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6

Teimourian, Amir, and Hanifa Teimourian. "Vortex Shedding Suppression: A Review on Modified Bluff Bodies." Eng 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2030021.

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Vortex shedding phenomenon behind bluff bodies and its destructive unsteady wake can be controlled by employing active and passive flow control methods. In this quest, researchers employed experimental fluid dynamics (EFD), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an analytical approach to investigate such phenomena to reach a desired outcome. This study reviews the available literature on the flow control of vortex shedding behind bluff bodies and its destructive wake through the modification of the geometry of the bluff body. Various modifications on the bluff body geometries namely perforated bluff bodies, permeable and porous mesh, corner modification and wavy cylinder have been reviewed. The effectiveness of these methods has been discussed in terms of drag variation, wake structure modifications and Strouhal number alteration.

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7

Mat Ali, Mohamed Sukri, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Mohamad Hafz Ismail, Sallehuddin Muhamad, and Muhammad Iyas Mahzan. "Aeolian Tones Radiated from Flow Over Bluff Bodies." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01307010048.

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Bluff body is a simple but a central shape for many engineering applications. The geometry shape of the bluff body characterises the behaviour of the flow over the bluff body, where a more complex flow structure is found near downstream. Shear layer separation is mainly responsible for the periodic global phenomena, that includes the generation of sound. The magnitude of the aerodynamically generated sound is dominated by the fluctuations of aerodynamics forces, i.e., drag and lift. The study also shows that the sound pressure field is shaped by the aeolian tones that is related strongly to the lift fluctuations of the bluff body. Amplitude and frequency of the fluctuating lift change naturally with the shape of a particular bluff body. Triangular cylinder exhibits the largest sound pressure level (41.9 dB) followed by ellipse and circular shapes. Square cylinder emits the lowest sound pressure level (36.7 dB). This corresponds to the longest downstream vortex formation length at which for a square cylinder the long vortex formation length provides space for more vortex to dissipate.

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8

Dalbir Singh, Dalbir Singh, M. M. Gaud M.M. Gaud, and Jaswinder Singh Jaswinder Singh. "Fundamental Control of Wake Behind Bluff Bodies : A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/45.

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9

Siddiqui, Naseeb Ahmed, and Martin Agelin-Chaab. "Nature-inspired solutions to bluff body aerodynamic problems: A review." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 8095–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.2.2021.13.0638.

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This review investigates the nature-inspired techniques for the optimization of the aerodynamic forces on bluff bodies. To provide a rich understanding of these nature-inspired phenomena, three distinct zones of the species fishes (nektons), birds (avians) and the fast running land animals are considered. This allows contextualizing different capabilities of the species in different environmental necessities. The review follows a trend in which drag reduction capabilities of individual parts of these species, including body shape & size, tails, fins, surface structure, wings, and wingtips, have been explored in detail. By focusing on specific parts, the review examined the methods and physics involved, which provides space to narrate the development of ideas and our current understanding of the nature-inspired drag reduction and their application to bluff body aerodynamics. Consequently, nature-inspired promising areas for future endeavor related to the bluff body has been discussed in detail. It was found that, though, aerospace field has found several bird inspired application but the bluff body flow modification have only few. Similar is the case with fishes and land animals which have not been explored yet for aerodynamic use on the bluff bodies. The crucial importance of passive devices are also highlighted along with the review of their application on the bluff bodies inspired by nature. Furthermore, several of nature-inspired techniques are proposed and compared to facilitate the research in this direction. It provides a fundamental method to develop nature-inspired flow control devices for the bluff bodies.

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10

NISHIO, Shun, Kouko HORIKAWA, and Hitoshi ISHIKAWA. "Flow Visualization of Axisymmetric Bluff Bodies." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2021.27 (2021): 10D15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2021.27.10d15.

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11

Hangan, H., and B. J. Vickery. "Buffeting of two-dimensional bluff bodies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 82, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(99)00003-3.

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12

Nakamura, Yasuharu, and Katsuya Hirata. "Critical geometry of oscillating bluff bodies." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 208 (November 1989): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089002879.

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Measurements are presented of the mean pressures around rectangular and D-section cylinders, with a flat front face normal to the flow, forced to oscillate transversely at an amplitude of 10% of the length of the front face. The ratio of depth (streamwise dimension) to height (cross-stream dimension) of the cross-section ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 for rectangular cylinders and from 0.5 to 1.5 for D-section cylinders. The range of reduced velocities investigated, 3 to 11, includes the vortex-resonance region. When increasing the depth, an oscillating bluff cylinder shows a critical depth where base suction attains a peak. The value of a critical depth is lowered with decreasing reduced velocity. In particular, an extraordinarily low critical depth with a very high base suction is obtained on cylinders oscillating at vortex resonance. For cylinders with depths beyond the critical, a reattachment-type pressure distribution is established on the afterbody due to the shear-layer/edge direct interaction. The shear-layer/edge direct interaction can also occur on oscillating cylinders with a fixed splitter plate. At low reduced velocities, the reattachment-type pressure distributions on cylinders with and without a splitter plate are similar except for the mean level. A remark is made on the critical geometry of bluff bodies under various flow conditions.

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13

Prud'homme, Simon, Frederic Legeron, and Andre Laneville. "Transient flutter analysis of bluff bodies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 145 (October 2015): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.06.013.

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14

Royles, Rodney, and Jun Kanda. "Alongwind dynamic effects on bluff bodies." Strain 24, no. 2 (May 1988): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1988.tb00003.x.

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15

Leweke, T., L. Schouveiler, M. C. Thompson, and K. Hourigan. "Unsteady flow around impacting bluff bodies." Journal of Fluids and Structures 24, no. 8 (November 2008): 1194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2008.08.003.

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16

Mollamahdi, Mahdi, and Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi. "A numerical study on the flame characteristics and pollutant emissions in a premixed burner: Comparison between porous and solid bluff bodies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 234, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919861839.

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The effects of porous and solid bluff bodies in the combustion chamber on flame stability limits, gas and solid temperature distributions, pressure drop, methane conversion rate, and CO and NO emissions are examined numerically. The porous and solid bluff bodies are made of SiC with the inner diameter of 50 mm, the outer diameter of 90 mm, and the length of 22 mm. In this study, Renormalization Group k–ε is used for modeling of turbulence. Eddy dissipation concept is selected for modeling of the interaction between turbulence and chemistry. A reduced mechanism based on GRI 3.0 consisting of 16 species and 41 reactions is employed to model methane combustion. The results indicate that the upper flame stability limit can be diminished by adding porous bluff body in the combustion chamber instead of the solid bluff body. Besides, the pressure drop, CO and NO emissions in the combustion chamber with solid bluff body are higher than those of porous bluff body, while the methane conversion rate increases by replacing porous bluff body instead of solid bluff body in the combustion chamber.

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17

Bhattacharjee, Somnath, Arindam Mandal, Rabin Debnath, and Snehamoy Majumder. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Single and Twin Bluff Bodies on the Turbulent Flow in an Asymmetric Rectangular Diffuser." International Journal on Applied Physics and Engineering 1 (December 31, 2022): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232030.2022.1.7.

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Experimental investigation of the effect of bluff bodies on the turbulent flow through an asymmetric diffuser has been carried out. The rectangular diffuser is designed and made keeping similarity to that used by Buice and Eaton, [1], having an inclination angle of 10°. Three geometrical configurations have been selected for the experimentation. (I) At first the experiment has been carried out for the validation of the present results with Buice and Eaton, [1], placing no bluff body at all. (II) Thereafter measurements have been carried out by placing a single bluff body on the horizontal floor of the diffuser to estimate the effect of the bluff body on the downstream flow. (III) Finally, two identical bluff bodies are placed on the horizontal floor of the diffuser and experimental work has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of the existence of two bluff bodies on the downstream flow through the diffuser. The present results agree well with the results of Buice and Eaton, [1], to show that the recirculation zone appears just adjacent to the inclined plane when there is no bluff body in a diffuser. Also, the detailed investigation for velocity of flow field, distribution of skin friction factor along with uncertainty analysis as well as the correlation between friction factor and Reynolds Number have been carried out in the research paper.

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18

Wygnanski, Israel. "ON ACTIVE CONTROL OF SEPARATION FROM BLUFF BODIES(Keynote Lecture)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.15.

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19

Balachandar, R., and A. S. Ramamurthy. "Blockage Effects on Cavitation Inception Characteristics of Bluff Bodies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 205, no. 6 (November 1991): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1991_205_139_02.

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The study deals with the prediction of cavitation inception in the wake of two-dimensional bluff bodies subject to wall interference effects. Corrections are included in the model to account for flow entrainment effects and loss of circulation in the vortices shed from the bluff body. Experimental results are also presented to verify the proposed model over a range of blockages.

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20

Fang, Xingjun, and Mark F. Tachie. "Flows over surface-mounted bluff bodies with different spanwise widths submerged in a deep turbulent boundary layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 877 (August 27, 2019): 717–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.617.

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The spatio-temporal dynamics of separation bubbles induced by surface-mounted bluff bodies with different spanwise widths and submerged in a thick turbulent boundary layer is experimentally investigated. The streamwise extent of the bluff bodies is fixed at 2.36 body heights and the spanwise aspect ratio ($AR$), defined as the ratio between the width and height, is increased from 1 to 20. The thickness of the upstream turbulent boundary layer is 4.8 body heights, and the dimensionless shear and turbulence intensity evaluated at the body height are 0.23 % and 15.8 %, respectively, while the Reynolds number based on the body height and upstream free-stream velocity is 12 300. For these upstream conditions and limited streamwise extent of the bluff bodies, two distinct and strongly interacting separation bubbles are formed over and behind the bluff bodies. A time-resolved particle image velocimetry is used to simultaneously measure the velocity field within these separation bubbles. Based on the dynamics of the mean separation bubbles over and behind the bluff bodies, the flow fields are categorized into three-dimensional, transitional and two-dimensional regimes. The results indicate that the low-frequency flapping motions of the separation bubble on top of the bluff body with $\mathit{AR}=1$ are primarily influenced by the vortex shedding motion, while those with larger aspect ratios are modulated by the large-scale streamwise elongated structures embedded in the oncoming turbulent boundary layer. For $\mathit{AR}=1$ and 20, the flapping motions in the wake region are strongly influenced by those on top of the bluff bodies but with a time delay that is dependent on the $AR$. Moreover, an expansion of the separation bubble on the top surface tends to lead to an expansion and contraction of separation bubbles in the wake of $\mathit{AR}=20$ and 1, respectively. As for the transitional case of $\mathit{AR}=8$, the separation bubbles over and behind the body are in phase over a wide range of time difference. The dynamics of the shear layer in the wake region of the transitional case is remarkably more complex than the limiting two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations.

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21

MIYATA, Masafumi. "0120 Aerodynamic Sound Emitted from Bluff Bodies." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2009 (2009): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2009.43.

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22

Ramamurthy, A. S., R. Balachandar, and Diep Ngoc Vo. "Blockage Correction for Sharp‐Edged Bluff Bodies." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 115, no. 7 (July 1989): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1989)115:7(1569).

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23

Mittal, Sanjay, Satya Prakash Singh, Bhaskar Kumar, and Rahul Kumar. "Flow past bluff bodies: effect of blockage." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 20, no. 3-4 (March 2006): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10618560600789735.

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24

YOKOTA, Rio, Norihiko TOKAI, and Shinnosuke OBI. "Vortex flow simulation of multiple bluff bodies." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2004.17 (2004): 731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2004.17.731.

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25

Tsai, Chou-Jiu, and Ger-Jyh Chen. "Numerical Investigation of Flow Around Bluff Bodies." Journal of Mechanics 14, no. 3 (September 1998): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100000186.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, fluid flow around bluff bodies are studied to examine the vortex shedding phenomenon in conjuction with the geometrical shapes of these vortex shedders. These flow phenomena are numerically simulated. A finite volume method is employed to solve the incompressible two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Thus, quantitative descriptions of the vortex shedding phenomenon in the near wake were made, which lead to a detailed description of the vortex shedding mechanism. Streamline contours, figures of lift coefficent, and figures of drag coefficent in various time, are presented, respectively, for a physical description.

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26

ZANNETTI, LUCA. "Vortex equilibrium in flows past bluff bodies." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 562 (August 14, 2006): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006001054.

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27

Leder, A., and D. Geropp. "Analysis of Unsteady flows past bluff bodies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 49, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90028-m.

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28

Wang, Lei, Mirko Salewski, Bengt Sundén, Andreas Borg, and Hans Abrahamsson. "Endwall convective heat transfer for bluff bodies." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 39, no. 2 (February 2012): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.10.006.

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29

Gowda, B. H. L., H. J. Gerhardt, and C. Kramer. "Pressure field around three-dimensional bluff bodies." Applied Scientific Research 42, no. 3 (1985): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00539343.

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30

MATSUMOTO, M. "VORTEX SHEDDING OF BLUFF BODIES: A REVIEW." Journal of Fluids and Structures 13, no. 7-8 (October 1999): 791–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1999.0249.

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31

Umyshev, Dias, Abay Dostiyarov, Andrey Kibarin, Galya Tyutebayeva, Gaziza Katranova, and Darkhan Akpanbetov. "Experimental investigation of distance between v-gutters on flame stabilization and NOx emissions." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part B (2019): 2971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180503007u.

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Blow-off performance and NOx emissions of the propane and air mixture in a rectangular combustion chamber with bluff bodies were investigated experimentally and numerically. The effects of distance between bluff bodies on NOx emissions, the blow-off limit, and exhaust gas temperature were examined. It was observed that NOx emissions are highly dependent on distance between V-gutters. The re-circulation zone behind the bluff body expands in width based on the decrease of distance between V-gutters, and expands in length with the increase of inlet velocity. The temperature fields behind the bluff body show a similar change, the temperature behind the bluff body reaches its highest when the distance between V-gutters reaches 20 mm, meaning it has better flame stability. The blow-off limit is significantly improved with the decrease of distance between V-gutters. The blow-off limit is greatly improved by reducing the distance between the V-gutters. Maximum blow-off limit of 0.11 is reached in the case of 20 mm, compared with 0.16 at 50 mm at a speed of 10 m/s.

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32

Triyogi, Y., D. Suprayogi, and E. Spirda. "Reducing the drag on a circular cylinder by upstream installation of an I-type bluff body as passive control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 10 (June 5, 2009): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1543.

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The bluff body cut from a small circular cylinder that is cut at both sides parallel to the y-axis was used as passive control to reduce the drag of a larger circular cylinder. The small bluff body cut is called an I-type bluff body, which interacts with a larger one downstream. I-type bluff bodies with different cutting angles of θs = 0°(circular), 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, 53°, and 65° were located in front and at the line axis of the circular cylinder at a spacing S/ d = 1.375, where their cutting surfaces are perpendicular to the free stream velocity vector. The tandem arrangement was tested in a subsonic wind tunnel at a Reynolds number (based on the diameter d of the circular cylinder and free stream velocity) of Re = 5.3×104. The results show that installing the bluff bodies (circular or sliced) as a passive control in front of the large circular cylinder effectively reduces the drag of the large cylinder. The passive control with cutting angle θs = 65° gives the highest drag reduction on the large circular cylinder situated downstream. It gives about 0.52 times the drag of a single cylinder.

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33

Gajewska, Karolina, Paweł Niegodajew, Renata Gnatowska, and Witold Elsner. "Effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream rectangular object in tandem configuration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2367, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012022.

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Abstract The paper presents an experimental investigation of air flow around bluff bodies in tandem configurations. The first one concerns two square cylinders and in the second one a triangular cylinder was used as an upstream object. Experiment was performed for two different Reynolds number for the fixed distance between bluff bodies. To have an insight into the fluid flow, particle image velocimetry method was used. Particular attention was paid to examine the effect of the upstream cylinder shape on the flow around the downstream body.

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34

Modi, V. J., E. Shih, B. Ying, and T. Yokomizo. "Drag reduction of bluff bodies through momentum injection." Journal of Aircraft 29, no. 3 (May 1992): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.46179.

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35

Péntek, Áron, James B. Kadtke, and Gianni Pedrizzetti. "Dynamical control for capturing vortices near bluff bodies." Physical Review E 58, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 1883–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.58.1883.

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36

Utsunomiya, H., F. Nagao, Y. Ueno, and M. Noda. "Basic study of blockage effects on bluff bodies." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 49, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90020-o.

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37

Cremona, Christian, and Xavier Amandolese. "Numerical Analysis of Flow Loading on Bluff Bodies." Structural Engineering International 15, no. 4 (November 2005): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686605777962955.

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38

Nakamura, Y. "VORTEX SHEDDING FROM BLUFF BODIES WITH SPLITTER PLATES." Journal of Fluids and Structures 10, no. 2 (February 1996): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1996.0010.

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39

Wolochuk, M. C., M. W. Plesniak, and J. E. Braun. "The Effects of Turbulence and Unsteadiness on Vortex Shedding From Sharp-Edged Bluff Bodies." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817501.

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Motivated by a desire to evaluate vortex shedding flow meters for measuring velocity in unsteady turbulent flow applications, the objective of our work was to study the effects of flow disturbances on vortex shedding from sharp-edged bluff bodies. In particular, the combined effects of turbulence and unsteadiness were examined, as well as their separate effects using controlled wind tunnel tests. After causing an initial and sudden decrease in the Strouhal number, increasing turbulence intensity from 2.5 to 10 percent resulted in only a 2.4 percent increase in the Strouhal number, for turbulence with a length scale of 0.5 bluff body diameters. Turbulence integral length scale had a significant influence on the Strouhal number, with the greatest effect exhibited for length scales near 3 bluff body diameters. Turbulence of this length scale caused a 26 percent decrease in the Strouhal number, as compared to a low-turbulence base case. Fluctuating pressure amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio were also affected by turbulence, and decreased significantly when the integral length Kali was increased from 0.25 to 0.75 bluff body diameters for a turbulence intensity of 10 percent. Unsteadiness caused lock-on for forcing at the Strouhal frequency, twice and four times the Strouhal frequency, while no lock-on was observed for forcing at half the Strouhal frequency. The range of lock-on increased with increasing perturbation amplitude and was asymmetric about the resonant frequency. For the cases investigated, the effects of combined turbulence and unsteadiness were additive, with the turbulence shifting the Strouhal frequency, and the unsteadiness causing lock-on about the shifted Strouhal frequency. The results of this study suggest that vortex shedding flow meters should be calibrated in turbulent flows and turbulence length scale must be controlled at the bluff body. Lock-on can be avoided by sizing the bluff body so that the shedding frequency is always much greater than any disturbance frequency in the flow.

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40

Sumner, David. "Closely Spaced Circular Cylinders in Cross-Flow and a Universal Wake Number." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1667881.

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To investigate the effectiveness of a universal wake number for groups of closely spaced bluff bodes, staggered cylinder configurations with center-to-center pitch ratios of P/D=1.125 and 1.25, and incidence angles from α=0 deg–90 deg, were tested in the subcritical Reynolds number regime. The aerodynamic forces, base pressure, and vortex shedding frequencies were measured for the upstream and downstream cylinders, and were found to be strongly dependent on the incidence angle and small changes in the flow pattern. The Griffin number was found to be an appropriate universal wake number for the closely spaced staggered cylinders, based on the total drag force acting on the two cylinders, and the average base pressure for the two cylinders. The results suggest that the single vortex wake of a pair of closely spaced staggered cylinders is broadly comparable to the wake of a solitary bluff body, and that the universal wake number concept can be extended to groups of closely spaced bluff bodies.

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41

Brackston, R. D., J. M. García de la Cruz, A. Wynn, G. Rigas, and J. F. Morrison. "Stochastic modelling and feedback control of bistability in a turbulent bluff body wake." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 802 (August 10, 2016): 726–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.495.

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A specific feature of three-dimensional bluff body wakes, flow bistability, is a subject of particular recent interest. This feature consists of a random flipping of the wake between two asymmetric configurations and is believed to contribute to the pressure drag of many bluff bodies. In this study we apply the modelling approach recently suggested for axisymmetric bodies by Rigaset al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 778, 2015, R2) to the reflectional symmetry-breaking modes of a rectilinear bluff body wake. We demonstrate the validity of the model and its Reynolds number independence through time-resolved base pressure measurements of the natural wake. Further, oscillating flaps are used to investigate the dynamics and time scales of the instability associated with the flipping process, demonstrating that they are largely independent of Reynolds number. The modelling approach is then used to design a feedback controller that uses the flaps to suppress the symmetry-breaking modes. The controller is successful, leading to a suppression of the bistability of the wake, with concomitant reductions in both lateral and streamwise forces. Importantly, the controller is found to be efficient, the actuator requiring only 24 % of the aerodynamic power saving. The controller therefore provides a key demonstration of efficient feedback control used to reduce the drag of a high-Reynolds-number three-dimensional bluff body. Furthermore, the results suggest that suppression of large-scale structures is a fundamentally efficient approach for bluff body drag reduction.

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42

Dalla Longa, L., O. Evstafyeva, and A. S. Morgans. "Simulations of the bi-modal wake past three-dimensional blunt bluff bodies." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 866 (March 18, 2019): 791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.92.

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The bi-modal behaviour of the turbulent flow past three-dimensional blunt bluff bodies is simulated using wall-resolved large eddy simulations. Bi-modality (also called bi-stability) is a phenomenon that occurs in the wakes of three-dimensional bluff bodies. It manifests as a random displacement of the wake between preferred off-centre locations. Two bluff bodies are considered in this work: a conventional square-back Ahmed body representative of road cars, and a simplified lorry, which is taller than it is wide, with its aspect ratio corresponding to a 15 % European lorry scale model. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the asymmetric bi-modal switching behaviour of the wake, observed experimentally, has been captured in simulations. The resulting unsteady flow fields are then analysed, revealing instantaneous topological changes in the wake experiencing bi-modal switching. The best-resolved case, the simplified lorry geometry, is then studied in greater detail using modal decomposition to gain insights into the energy content and the dominant frequencies of the wake flow structures associated with the asymmetric states. High-frequency snapshots of the switching sequence allow us to propose that large hairpin vortices are responsible for the triggering of the switching.

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Gowda, B. H. Lakshmana, and V. Ganesan. "FLOW VISUALIZATION STUDIES OF CONFINED WAKES BEHIND BLUFF BODIES." Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing 2, no. 4 (1995): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jflowvisimageproc.v2.i4.70.

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Yang, Jing-Tang, Go-Long Tsai, and Wen-Bin Wang. "Near-wake characteristics of various V-shaped bluff bodies." Journal of Propulsion and Power 10, no. 1 (January 1994): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23710.

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Manay, E., V. Ozceyhan, B. Sahin, and S. Gunes. "Edge Length Effect of Bluff Bodies on Flow Structure." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 9 (June 30, 2014): 1793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.9.2013.27.0149.

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Ribeiro, P. A. R., E. B. C. Schettini, and J. H. Silvestrini. "BLUFF-BODIES VORTEX SHEDDING SUPRESSION BY DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2004): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v3i1.3481.

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Vortex shedding is responsible for harmful vibrations on immersed structures and for increasing their drag coefficients. Thus vortex shedding suppression is highly interesting in order of decrease maintenance costs of standing structures and fuel costs on moving ones. Vortex shedding suppression is here achieved with the use of splitter plates by means of numerical simulations at a low Reynolds range, Re 100 and 160. For this purpose it has been used a high order finite difference method in association with a virtual boundary method, responsible for the obstacles representation. The use of this novel numerical method showed a great concordance with experimental results by means of low computational costs.

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Gopan, Nandu, and Meheboob Alam. "Oblique shock waves in granular flows over bluff bodies." EPJ Web of Conferences 140 (2017): 03053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714003053.

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Nelson, D. A., L. W. Evers, D. M. O’Donnell, and E. J. Morgan. "Determination of Surface Pressure Distributions for Axisymmetric Bluff Bodies." Journal of Fluids Engineering 111, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243651.

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The conditions governing liquid droplet breakup are particularly important to the process of fuel atomization for spark-ignition engines. A proper mathematical description of the problem requires knowledge of the pressure distributions about the droplet surface. This work presents the results of measurements of pressure distributions about the surfaces of certain bluff, axi-symmetric bodies in airflows at ReD = 3 × 104 and ReD = 105. The results of measurements from a sphere, disk, and two ellipsoids are used to develop a general method for estimating surface pressures. These estimates are compared with the results of pressure measurements about the surfaces of a concave and a nonellipsoidal convex body and with results obtained from a numerical study by other authors.

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Fornberg, Bengt, and Alan R. Elcrat. "Some observations regarding steady laminar flows past bluff bodies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2020 (July 28, 2014): 20130353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0353.

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Steady laminar flows past simple objects, such as a cylinder or a sphere, have been studied for well over a century. Theoretical, experimental and numerical methods have all contributed fundamentally towards our understanding of the resulting flows. This article focuses on developments during the past few decades, when mostly numerical and asymptotical advances have provided insights also for steady, although unstable, high-Reynolds-numbers flow regimes.

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Ramamurthy, A. S., and R. Balachandar. "A Note on Choking Cavitation Flow Past Bluff Bodies." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910050.

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A model is developed to predict the choking cavitation number for sharp edged bluff bodies subject to wall interference effects. The fact that the forebody pressure distribution under cavitating conditions essentially resembles the values obtained in noncavitating flows is made use of in the development of the model. The model is verified using experimental results from present and previous studies for a specific case of choking flow past a two-dimensional prismatic body.

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