Journal articles: 'Blue Marble'

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DiChristina, Mariette. "Big Blue Marble." Scientific American 318, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0418-4.

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Petsko, Gregory A. "The blue marble." Genome Biology 12, no. 4 (2011): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-112.

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Vettor, Tommy, Violaine Sautter, Laurent Jolivet, Jean-Charles Moretti, and Sylvain Pont. "Marble quarries in Delos Island (Greece): a geological characterization." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 193 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022014.

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Traces of extraction in Delian marble quarries attest their exploitation during Antiquity. A preliminary non-destructive provenance study confirmed the presence of indigenous marble in Delos constructions. In contrast, Delos marble quarries have not been geochemically described so far. Therefore, a detailed (1/5000 scale) geological mapping and cross-sections were performed in the four Delian marble quarries in order to better determine their dimension and to estimate the volume of extracted marble. The surface of the quarries was revised into up to six times larger areas, increasing the extracted volume estimations. Quarries were sampled and studied with mineralo-petrographic (optical and electronic microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction) and isotopic (δ13C and δ18O) characterization. Three categories were observed, i.e., a coarse whitish to bluish marble, a fine yellowish dolomitic marble and marble with giant white and blue calcite crystals. The Maximum Grain Size associated with oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios showed a good potential to distinguish Delian marbles from most of the main Mediterranean marbles used during Antiquity. However, geochemical elemental analyses such as trace elements analysis could supplement Delian marble characterization which will benefit future provenance studies.

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Wuebbles, Donald J. "Celebrating the “Blue Marble”." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 49 (December 4, 2012): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo490001.

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Şahbaz, Deniz Akın, and Caglayan Acikgoz. "Cross-linked chitosan/marble powder composites for the adsorption of Dimozol Blue." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 10 (August 3, 2017): 2776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.447.

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Abstract Cross-linked chitosan(C)/marble powder (M) composites with different weight ratio percentage (C100M0, C70M30, C50M50, and C30M70) were prepared from marble powder and chitosan and cross-linked using glutaraldehyde. The morphology and the surface area of the chitosan/marble powder composites were also characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Micromeritics (ASAP 2020) BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) instrument, respectively. To evaluate the adsorption behaviour of the chitosan/marble powder composites, 0.1 g adsorbent was added into 50 mL Diamozol Blue BRF %150 (C.I. Reactive Blue 221) solution with fixed concentrations (60 mg/L). At equilibrium, the adsorption capacity of C100M0, C70M30 and C50M50 for Dimozol Blue was about 27 mg/g and significantly greater than that of C30M70. C50M50 composite was more economical than C100M0 and C70M30 due to the higher marble powder content, and hence was selected as an adsorbent for the removal of Dimozol Blue from aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms of Dimozol Blue onto the chitosan/marble powder composites from aqueous solution were investigated. The studies revealed that Dimozol Blue dye adsorption was described well by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models. The results of this study indicated the applicability of the chitosan/marble powder composites for removing industrial dyes from aqueous solution.

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Gonzalez, Sergi. "The weather of the Blue Marble." Weather 75, no. 11 (September 21, 2020): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.3831.

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Wendel, JoAnna. "Blue Marble Space Institute essay contest." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 95, no. 13 (April 1, 2014): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014eo130006.

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Hotez, Peter J., and Larry Peiperl. "Blue Marble Health: A Call for Papers." PLoS Medicine 11, no. 7 (July 29, 2014): e1001682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001682.

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Waddock, Sandra, Dawn R. Elm, David Wasieleski, Harry Van Buren, Sarah Glozer, and Colin Higgins. "Workshop Report: Blue Marble Thinking for the Future of Business in Society: Where Does the Business in Society Field Go from Here?" Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 30 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc2019302.

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Blue Marble or holistic systems thinking focuses on the big picture—the system as a whole. The ‘blue marble’ is Earth viewed from space, where it can be seen as an unboundaried whole. To understand the Blue Marble, we need to zoom out—and then zoom in to specific issues and systems—and then zoom back out again. Panelists outlined key issues facing the business in society field: the need to get the field “unstuck” towards the truly difficult, big picture issues facing the world today. Presenters discussed: what it means to be human today, how natural sciences can inform research, implications of inequality, organizational responsibilities in the digital age, and the importance of language, narrative, and metaphors. Discussion emphasized how to move the field towards greater understanding of complexity and the roles that businesses and we as scholars play in understanding and even working towards resolving those issues?

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Canales-Hernández, Pedro. "Blue marble: un nuevo enfoque de la evaluación de políticas." Política y Cultura, no. 55 (June 30, 2021): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/bzis1385.

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Picciotto, Robert. "Book Review: Blue Marble Evaluation: Premises and Principles." American Journal of Evaluation 41, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214020905647.

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Barras, Colin. "Planet Earth was a blue marble from birth." New Scientist 219, no. 2932 (August 2013): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62125-9.

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Akbar, Ishaa, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Umer Rashid, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, Rais Ahmad Khan, and Elham Ahmed Kazerooni. "Green Nanocomposite for the Adsorption of Toxic Dyes Removal from Colored Waters." Coatings 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121955.

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The discharge of dyes from textile industries led to a broad range of toxicological and environmental effects, posing severe health issues for humans and animals worldwide. These dyes are highly stable and, if not adequately treated, remain in the environment for extended periods. Adsorption, the most efficient and cost-effective method, offers unique advantages for using natural adsorbents, such as marble waste composites, for dye removal. The easy availability of marble waste, its low cost, its eco-friendly nature, its ease of operation, its simplicity of design, its flexibility, and its great affinity for dyes make it a suitable option for dye removal. Golden marble waste nanocomposites are prepared for dye removal. The results from the studies suggested that treated golden marble composite materials exhibit better adsorption efficiency (224.8, 299.5, and 369.2 mg/g) for adsorptive removal of dyes than untreated golden marble composite materials (114.4 mg/g). This research also used isothermic and kinetic models to evaluate the effects of numerous parameters, for example, the initial dye concentration, pH, time, temperature, and adsorbent dose. The highest removal of 369.9 mg/g was achieved during the present study for blue dye at an optimized pH of 7 and a temperature of 30 °C. It was observed that golden marble waste composites gave better R2 (0.99) values for second-order kinetics in the kinetic model. Results obtained from comparing Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin, and Herkin Jura isotherms showed that the R2 values of the Langmuir isotherm for Foron red (0.97), the Temkin isotherm for Foron blue (0.98), and the Freundlich isotherm for Foron black dye (0.97) fit on adsorption for both treated and untreated composites. Characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), are also discussed for the structural determination of golden marble waste composites.

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Beywl, Wolfgang. "Patton, Michael Q.: Blue Marble Evaluation. Premises and Principles." Zeitschrift für Evaluation 2020, no. 02 (October 21, 2020): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31244/zfe.2020.02.09.

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Benjeddou, Omrane, and Mamdooh Alwetaishi. "Valorization of Powder Obtained from Marble Sludge Waste and Its Suitability as a Mineral Filler." Crystals 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060619.

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Stone industry has generated about 200 million tons of marble waste by marble processing industries whether in the form of sludge or solid blocks. The accumulated marble wastes contaminate water and air and have harmful effects on human health, plants, and animals. This study focuses on exploring the uses of powder obtained by drying and grinding marble sludge waste, generated from marble manufacturing processes, as a mineral filler for other construction materials. First, physical characterization was performed on marble sludge. Second, the powder preparation process was presented. Thereafter, a set of tests was carried out to identify the chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties of marble powder. By doing so, tests such as chemical analysis, calcium carbonate content, and methylene blue test, as well as mineralogical characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atterberg limits, particle size analysis, densities, Blaine specific surface, hydraulic property, as well as reaction with admixture, cement, and activity index were conducted. In the last part of this work, the obtained powder properties are compared to the standards requirements to confirm its suitability as mineral filler. The test results showed that the obtained marble powder is too rich in calcite; it is poor of any clay minerals fraction; it is very well graded; it is not reactive; and it does not have any effects on concrete strength; consequently, it can be considered as a mineral filler.

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Vrochidou, Eleni, George K. Sidiropoulos, Athanasios G. Ouzounis, Anastasia Lampoglou, Ioannis Tsimperidis, George A. Papakostas, Ilias T. Sarafis, Vassilis Kalpakis, and Andreas Stamkos. "Towards Robotic Marble Resin Application: Crack Detection on Marble Using Deep Learning." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 3289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203289.

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Cracks can occur on different surfaces such as buildings, roads, aircrafts, etc. The manual inspection of cracks is time-consuming and prone to human error. Machine vision has been used for decades to detect defects in materials in production lines. However, the detection or segmentation of cracks on a randomly textured surface, such as marble, has not been sufficiently investigated. This work provides an up-to-date systematic and exhaustive study on marble crack segmentation with color images based on deep learning (DL) techniques. The authors conducted a performance evaluation of 112 DL segmentation models with red–green–blue (RGB) marble slab images using five-fold cross-validation, providing consistent evaluation metrics in terms of Intersection over Union (IoU), precision, recall and F1 score to identify the segmentation challenges related to marble cracks’ physiology. Comparative results reveal the FPN model as the most efficient architecture, scoring 71.35% mean IoU, and SE-ResNet as the most effective feature extraction network family. The results indicate the importance of selecting the appropriate Loss function and backbone network, underline the challenges related to the marble crack segmentation problem, and pose an important step towards the robotic automation of crack segmentation and simultaneous resin application to heal cracks in marble-processing plants.

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Guimond, Claire Marie, John F. Rudge, and Oliver Shorttle. "Blue Marble, Stagnant Lid: Could Dynamic Topography Avert a Waterworld?" Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac562e.

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Abstract Topography on a wet rocky exoplanet could raise land above its sea level. Although land elevation is the product of many complex processes, the large-scale topographic features on any geodynamically active planet are the expression of the convecting mantle beneath the surface. This so-called “dynamic topography” exists regardless of a planet’s tectonic regime or volcanism; its amplitude, with a few assumptions, can be estimated via numerical simulations of convection as a function of the mantle Rayleigh number. We develop new scaling relationships for dynamic topography on stagnant lid planets using 2D convection models with temperature-dependent viscosity. These scalings are applied to 1D thermal history models to explore how dynamic topography varies with exoplanetary observables over a wide parameter space. Dynamic topography amplitudes are converted to an ocean basin capacity, the minimum water volume required to flood the entire surface. Basin capacity increases less steeply with planet mass than does the amount of water itself, assuming a water inventory that is a constant planetary mass fraction. We find that dynamically supported topography alone could be sufficient to maintain subaerial land on Earth-size stagnant lid planets with surface water inventories of up to approximately 10−4 times their mass, in the most favorable thermal states. By considering only dynamic topography, which has ∼1 km amplitudes on Earth, these results represent a lower limit to the true ocean basin capacity. Our work indicates that deterministic geophysical modeling could inform the variability of land propensity on low-mass planets.

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Muller, Catherine L., S. Roberts, R. C. Wilson, J. J. Remedios, S. Illingworth, R. Graves, T. Trent, et al. "The Blue Marble: a model for primary school STEM outreach." Physics Education 48, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/48/2/176.

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Mayer, Ralo. "Beyond the Blue Marble: Artistic research on space and ecology." Acta Astronautica 128 (November 2016): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.08.015.

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Hotez, Peter J. "Globalists versus nationalists: Bridging the divide through blue marble health." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): e0007156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007156.

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Patton, Michael Quinn. "A Transcultural Global Systems Perspective: In Search of Blue Marble Evaluators." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 30, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 374–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.30.3.08.

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Hotez, Peter J., Ashish Damania, and Mohsen Naghavi. "Blue Marble Health and the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, no. 10 (October 27, 2016): e0004744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004744.

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Voudouris, Panagiotis, Constantinos Mavrogonatos, Ian Graham, Gaston Giuliani, Vasilios Melfos, Stefanos Karampelas, Vilelmini Karantoni, et al. "Gem Corundum Deposits of Greece: Geology, Mineralogy and Genesis." Minerals 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010049.

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Greece contains several gem corundum deposits set within diverse geological settings, mostly within the Rhodope (Xanthi and Drama areas) and Attico-Cycladic (Naxos and Ikaria islands) tectono-metamorphic units. In the Xanthi area, the sapphire (pink, blue to purple) deposits are stratiform, occurring within marble layers alternating with amphibolites. Deep red rubies in the Paranesti-Drama area are restricted to boudinaged lenses of Al-rich metapyroxenites alternating with amphibolites and gneisses. Both occurrences are oriented parallel to the ultra-high pressure/high pressure (UHP/HP) Nestos suture zone. On central Naxos Island, colored sapphires are associated with desilicated granite pegmatites intruding ultramafic lithologies (plumasites), occurring either within the pegmatites themselves or associated metasomatic reaction zones. In contrast, on southern Naxos and Ikaria Islands, blue sapphires occur in extensional fissures within Mesozoic metabauxites hosted in marbles. Mineral inclusions in corundums are in equilibrium and/or postdate corundum crystallization and comprise: spinel and pargasite (Paranesti), spinel, zircon (Xanthi), margarite, zircon, apatite, diaspore, phlogopite and chlorite (Naxos) and chloritoid, ilmenite, hematite, ulvospinel, rutile and zircon (Ikaria). The main chromophore elements within the Greek corundums show a wide range in concentration: the Fe contents vary from (average values) 1099 ppm in the blue sapphires of Xanthi, 424 ppm in the pink sapphires of Xanthi, 2654 ppm for Paranesti rubies, 4326 ppm for the Ikaria sapphires, 3706 for southern Naxos blue sapphires, 4777 for purple and 3301 for pink sapphire from Naxos plumasite, and finally 4677 to 1532 for blue to colorless sapphires from Naxos plumasites, respectively. The Ti concentrations (average values) are very low in rubies from Paranesti (41 ppm), with values of 2871 ppm and 509 in the blue and pink sapphires of Xanthi, respectively, of 1263 ppm for the Ikaria blue sapphires, and 520 ppm, 181 ppm in Naxos purple, pink sapphires, respectively. The blue to colorless sapphires from Naxos plumasites contain 1944 to 264 ppm Ti, respectively. The very high Ti contents of the Xanthi blue sapphires may reflect submicroscopic rutile inclusions. The Cr (average values) ranges from 4 to 691 ppm in the blue, purple and pink colored corundums from Naxos plumasite, is quite fixed (222 ppm) for Ikaria sapphires, ranges from 90 to 297 ppm in the blue and pink sapphires from Xanthi, reaches 9142 ppm in the corundums of Paranesti, with highest values of 15,347 ppm in deep red colored varieties. Each occurrence has both unique mineral assemblage and trace element chemistry (with variable Fe/Mg, Ga/Mg, Ga/Cr and Fe/Ti ratios). Additionally, oxygen isotope compositions confirm their geological typology, i.e., with, respectively δ18O of 4.9 ± 0.2‰ for sapphire in plumasite, 20.5‰ for sapphire in marble and 1‰ for ruby in mafics. The fluid inclusions study evidenced water free CO2 dominant fluids with traces of CH4 or N2, and low CO2 densities (0.46 and 0.67 g/cm3), which were probably trapped after the metamorphic peak. The Paranesti, Xanthi and central Naxos corundum deposits can be classified as metamorphic sensu stricto (s.s.) and metasomatic, respectively, those from southern Naxos and Ikaria display atypical magmatic signature indicating a hydrothermal origin. Greek corundums are characterized by wide color variation, homogeneity of the color hues, and transparency, and can be considered as potential gemstones.

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Krebs, Mandy, Matthew Hardman, David Pearson, Yan Luo, Andrew Fagan, and Chiranjeeb Sarkar. "An Evaluation of the Potential for Determination of the Geographic Origin of Ruby and Sapphire Using an Expanded Trace Element Suite Plus Sr–Pb Isotope Compositions." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050447.

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The geographic origin of gem corundum has emerged as one of its major value factors. Combined with gemological observations, trace element analysis is a powerful tool for the determination of corundum provenance. However, owing to similar properties and features of gem corundum from different localities, but similar geological settings, and very low levels of many trace elements in gem corundum, the determination of geographic origin remains challenging. In this study, we present trace elements compositions determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for rubies and blue sapphires from several different localities of geologically similar deposits: high-Fe amphibolite-type rubies, low-Fe marble-type rubies, and metamorphic blue sapphires. In addition, we determined Sr and Pb isotopic ratios by offline laser ablation sampling followed by thermal ionization mass spectroscopy (TIMS). By applying new and existing elemental discrimination schemes and the multivariate statistical method linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we show that, in addition to the commonly used discriminators Mg, Fe, V, Ti, and Ga, the elements Ni, Zr, Cr, and Zn show potential for geographic origin determination. Amphibolite-type rubies from different localities can be discriminated using Sr and Pb isotope ratios, whereas the discrimination of marble-type ruby and metamorphic blue sapphires is limited. Our results re-emphasize the challenge of geographic origin determination and the need for a more powerful discriminatory tool.

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Ji, Yaxiong, Xing Rong, Hong Zhong, Yuanhao Wang, Shifeng Wang, and Lin Lu. "Making Marble Powder Waste Profitable by Using Nano-TiO2 Surface Modification for Air Quality Improvement Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (December 10, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6501793.

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We report a brand new recycling route of waste marble powder, by means of surface modification with homemade nano-TiO2 particles to produce low cost coating materials for the application in air quality improvement. The as-prepared nano-TiO2 in anatase phase exhibits excellent photocatalytic characteristic, reflected by the high degradation rate of over 95% of methylene blue within 6 hours of UV irradiation. The prepared coating consisting of nano-TiO2 clad marble powder was tested by monitoring the decomposition rate of formaldehyde gas. A high degradation efficiency of about 95% within 9 hours of illumination is achieved, demonstrating a promising potential for removing the harmful and toxic organic pollutants in air while applying this coating in buildings both interiorly and exteriorly.

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Munafo, Giavanna. "“No sign of life”—Marble‐blue eyes and lakefront houses inthe bluest eye." Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 6, no. 1-2 (April 1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10436929508580144.

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Hotez, Peter J. "Blue marble health and “the big three diseases”: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria." Microbes and Infection 17, no. 8 (August 2015): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2015.05.004.

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WOODCOCK, D. "The Buttressed Blue Marble Tree: Wood and Growth Characteristics of Elaeocarpus angustifolius (Elaeocarpaceae)." Annals of Botany 85, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0985.

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Iskander, John. "Blue Marble Health: An Innovative Plan to Fight Diseases of the Poor amid Wealth." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 2 (February 2017): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2302.161801.

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Hernandez, Oscar Samario. "THIS IS NOT A WASTE PLANET; THE PARTICIPATION OF HUMAN GENDER IN THE FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION." Revue Européenne du Droit Social 53, no. 4 (September 12, 2021): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/reds.2021.53.4.040.

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This year the international community recalled under a common celebration about the achievement of humanity that managed to put man on Earth's satellite; Moon. On July 20, 1969 the media reported this event, this year is still remembered, but it is also news that from the photographs sent by the Apollo missions taken from the space in which the splendor of the Earth with its characteristic blue color, we call it the Great Blue Marble, the home of humanity today at risk of threat from pollution, the scientific community, organizations and international organizations have warned of the consequences and risks if this deterioration continues. This work is a recognition of this concern, but it is also a call to the responsibility of mankind to act in the face of the imminent danger of climate change.

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Smith, R. R. R., and C. H. Hallett. "Troilos and Achilles: A Monumental Statue Group from Aphrodisias." Journal of Roman Studies 105 (August 3, 2015): 124–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435815000994.

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AbstractA remarkable blue-grey marble horse with a white marble rider, found in the Basilica at Aphrodisias, has been a focus of recent research. The article describes the archaeology and history of the monument — how it can be reconstructed, with its base and in its precise setting in the Basilica. The group was a daring composition that had already fallen and been restored once in antiquity. What emerges is firstly a new full-size hellenistic-style statue group whose subject can be identified as Troilos and Achilles, and secondly a striking example of the long second lives of classical statues in Late Antiquity. The horse was a great public monument of the early imperial period that was moved to the Basilica probably in the mid-fourth century a.d., where it has a well-documented context. The subject of the group can be identified both from epigraphy and from its iconographic antecedents, and its version of the subject can be related to a particular strand in the rich later literary representations of the story.1

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Choudhary, Rajan, Dibyatonu Chattopadhyay, Abhinay Kumar, and Ashok Julaganti. "Use of industrial wastes as filler in open-graded friction courses." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.13.

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For a fast developing economy like India, expansion, rehabilitation, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure is crucial and require huge quantities of high quality natural aggregates. Meanwhile, vast amounts of industrial wastes accumulating in the country pose problems related to safe and sustainable disposal. The present study investigated possible utilisation of marble dust, a waste from stone industry, and fly ash, a waste from thermal power stations, as filler materials in open-graded friction course mixes. Open-graded friction course mixes incorporating fly ash, marble dust, and two sources of stone dust as filler fractions were designed and evaluated for mix design properties including draindown, abrasion loss, air void content, and permeability. Morphology of each filler was characterised through scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical properties of fillers were examined through Rigden voids, German filler test, methylene blue, and hydrometer analysis. Analysis of variance using Fisher multiple comparison procedure was performed to evaluate the effect of filler type on design properties of open-graded friction course mixes. Regression analysis using forward selection technique was performed to identify significant filler characteristics influencing open-graded friction course properties. Results showed that filler type affected open-graded friction course design parameters significantly. Open-graded friction course mixes with marble dust showed promising performance with lowest draindown, and highest durability, air voids, and permeability. Regression analysis identified Rigden void content of filler materials as a major filler characteristic affecting the mix design parameters of open-graded friction course mixes.

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Hamed, Mostafa M., I. M. Ahmed, and S. S. Metwally. "Adsorptive removal of methylene blue as organic pollutant by marble dust as eco-friendly sorbent." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 20, no. 4 (July 2014): 2370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.10.015.

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Caucia, Franca, Maurizio Scacchetti, Luigi Marinoni, Mattia Gilio, Antonio Langone, Omar Bartoli, Marco Vanotti, and Ivano Foianini. "An Attractive Blue Diopside from Sissone Valley, Western Alps, Italy." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080837.

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In this work a rare and attractive blue diopside present in Sissone valley in the Western Alps was investigated through different methodologies: geological survey; standard gemological methods; X-Ray Powder Diffraction; SEM observations; Raman spectrometry; EMP analyses of major elements; and LA-ICP-MS analyses for minor and trace elements. The host rock of investigated gems is represented by a Mg-calcite bearing marble, belonging to the Suretta nappe and composed of blue diopside, lizardite, phlogopite, forsterite, Ca-Mg-amphibole, and thomsonite; the rock was metamorphosed by the intrusion of Masino-Bregaglia pluton. The diopside is generally found in the core of veins in contact with green–blue tremolite and, more externally, with green–yellowish lizardite. The diopside samples show opaque diaphaneity, are inert to long and short-waves UV radiation, and their specific density varies between 3.24 and 3.30 g/cm3 while medium refraction between 1.680–1.683. The diopside shows a polycrystalline texture with interstitial Mg-calcite which acts as binder. The characteristic blue–turquoise color is mainly determined by traces of V and subordinately of Fe, Mn, Cr and Ti. The contents of V and Ti show a good positive correlation. The minerals associated with diopside in the lenticular veins also show enrichments in V. The blue diopside of the Sissone valley could certainly present a good commercial value, but unfortunately it is difficult to reach the outcrop sites.

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Patton, Michael Quinn. "Expanding Futuring Foresight through Evaluative Thinking." World Futures Review 11, no. 4 (July 13, 2019): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756719862116.

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Both futurists and evaluators are interested in altering perceptions and actions in the present, the impact of which will be a changed future. Evaluators do so by looking at what has already occurred; futurists do so by forecasting what may occur, often imagining alternative scenarios. Assessing the likelihood of various future scenarios requires evaluative thinking and judgments. Thus, futurists and evaluators can learn from each other. This article presents the logic behind six different approaches to evaluation and the implications of those distinctions and logics for futurist inquiries and applications. The six evaluation approaches are summative evaluation, formative evaluation, developmental evaluation, systems change evaluation, principles-focused evaluation, and Blue Marble evaluation.

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Elverskog, Johan. "(Asian Studies + Anthropocene)4." Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 4 (November 2014): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814001612.

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In his Jungian-inspired utopianism, Joseph Campbell (1988, 32) once declared that the famous “Blue Marble” shot of earth from space (see figure 1) could potentially become a symbol of a new mythology that celebrated our common humanity. Of course, much as Jung and other universalizing theorists have been laid to rest over the last quarter-century by poststructural, postmodern, and postcolonial thought, so too apparently has any new mythology of our common humanity (much less its actualization). Nevertheless, one can certainly wonder whether Campbell would not have interpreted the Anthropocene as the perfect myth for forging a new vision of our shared humanity.

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Hoggenmüller, Sebastian W. "Die Welt im (Außen-)Blick. Überlegungen zu einer ästhetischen Re|Konstruktionsanalyse am Beispiel der Weltraumfotografie ‚Blue Marble‘." Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung 17, no. 1-2 (November 14, 2016): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v17i1-2.25541.

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Germinario, Silvia, Federica Fernandez, Giovanni Baldi, Valentina Dami, and Andrea Cioni. "Evaluation of Nanostructured Coatings for the Protection of Apuan Marble Stone." Solid State Phenomena 286 (January 2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.286.105.

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Nowadays the use of multifunctional nanomaterials has significantly increased with interesting applications for the cultural heritage conservation sector, leading to the definition and use of products with innovative properties. Therefore, a preliminary validation of the performances and behavior over time of these treatments becomes an unavoidable key point for a correct use of these products before being applied to historical materials, in order to avoid irreparable damage over time. In this direction, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment with multifunctional nanostructured products on Apuan marble. The focus of the work was to test methods to accelerate aging, in order to simulate different environmental agents of degradation to which marble in historical buildings can be exposed. Stone samples were examined after exposition to high temperature cycles in a muffle furnace, treatments in saline solution, cycles of thermal shock and aging by SO2 action in presence of humidity. After each artificial aging cycle, changes in appearance were noted and chemical-physical properties were measured in order to compare differences between fresh and treated samples. The protective qualities of the coatings were evaluated using the following tests: contact angle; photocatalytic properties by methylene blue degradation tests; photodegradation kinetics of pollutants under UVA irradiation. Before and after the treatments, scanning electron microscopy equipped by microanalysis detector (SEM-EDS) was also used to evaluate changes in the surface morphology of the samples. The results showed effects of degradation in the rock samples due to aging after each test and all the products applied to the sample surface seemed to be very efficient in relation to their functions.

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Hajjaji, W., G. Costa, M. J. Ribeiro, M. P. Seabra, and J. A. Labrincha. "Novel Ceramic Pigments Based on Industrial Wastes." Advances in Science and Technology 68 (October 2010): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.68.194.

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We report the preparation of ceramic pigments using industrial wa stes as primary sources. An Al-rich sludge (generated in the wastewater treatment unit of an anodising or surface coating industrial plant), a galvanizing sludge (from the Cr/Ni plating process ), a Fe-rich sludge (generated during steel wiredrawing), a foundry sand and a marble sawing sludge are combined to formulate distinct pigment structures via the solid state reaction method. In particular, a black spinel and a novel blue pigment based on the hibonite structure are detailed. A green olivine, and brown and pink sphenes are also reported. The pigments were fully characterized, and then were tested in a standard transparent bright ceramic glaze. Typical working conditions and colour development are fully described.

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Willemijn Fock, C. "werkelijkheid of schijn. Het beeld van het Hollandse interieur in de zeventiende-eeuwse genreschilderkunst." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 112, no. 4 (1998): 187–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501798x00211.

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AbstractOur ideas of what 17th century Dutch interiors looked like have been conditioned by the hundreds of paintings of interiors by Dutch genre painters. Even restorations and reconstructions in our own time (fig. 1) are influenced significantly by them. It is therefore of vital importance to our knowledge of the history of Dutch interior decoration to realise what we can or cannot believe, and to compare these genre interiors with other sources such as probate inventories, building specifications, plans, conditions of sale, contemporary descriptions such as travellers' reports, etc. It is the combination of these different types of information that enables them to supplement and correct each other. Since the fixed interior fittings are not usually mentioned in probate inventories, it is even more important to weigh all the available evidence by critical analysis. The scope of this article allows me to discuss only a few of the many features; I shall therefore restrict my comments to the fixed decorations and closely associated features. This discourse is therefore in part a comment on Peter Thornton's book Seventeenth Century Interior Decoration in England, France and Holland, who made extensive use of Dutch genre paintings but, unfortunately, could not compare them with inventories of Dutch burghers (other than with the published inventories of the princes of the House of Orange) or with other written Dutch sources. The main starting point is a well-known picture by Emanuel de Witte in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningcn in Rotterdam, of which a second version is kept in Montreal (fig. 2-3); hardly any other genre interior has been so consistently used as a prototype for a Dutch 17th century interior. The room in the foreground shows a woman sitting at a virginal, a common feature in Dutch houses of the period, while on the left a man is sleeping in a bed; during this period, wealthier people were only just starting to differentiate between living-rooms and bedchambers, and a combination of the two functions was still quite common. The ceiling, however, shows that the tie-beams do not run parallel to the façade as they ought to, but perpendicular to it. This is clearly an instance of artistic licence, so that the horizontal lines of the beams can close off the composition at the top. Behind this room is the entrance hall, with two more rooms behind. An enfilade of this kind is out of the question in a Dutch house at that time, even in a country house. Here the artist has allowed the emphasis on the perspective view and spatial relationships within the painting to prevail over reality, a common feature in most other Dutch genre interiors (fig. 4). Floors with intricate patterns of contrasting marble slabs are a predominant element in these perspective paintings. They can be seen in most genre pictures from the middle and third quarter of the 17th century. However, very few such floors actually survive. There is a rare example, dating from 1661, in the museum 'Our Good Lord in the Attic' at Amsterdam (fig. 6). At that time Amsterdam was a port of transit for marble and stone from Italy and other countries. Travellers reported seeing patterned marble floors in Amsterdam, although most floors of this kind arc likely to have been in official or public buildings. Their prevalence in the residences of burghers is open to question. Only a few building specifications describe them, while explicit references to expensive wooden floors in rich houses have been found. For instance, in one of the most luxurious Amsterdam residences, the mansion of the Bartolotti family, only two such floors were added between 1649 and 1664, in which latter year the rooms in question were particularised in the inventory as 'stone' chambers. This specific indication is in itself proof of how rare marble floors were, for such designations occur only sporadically in inventories of the period (e.g. of the Trippenhuis). In the elaborate descriptions of his important commissions between 1637 and 1670 (fig. 7) the architect Philips Vingboons always mentions marble floors when there are any: altogether, he describes 'Italian' floors four times. They are however quite plain, consisting solely of white slabs; only in two instances was the white marble relieved by blue or red strips specially cut for this use. The fact that this prominent architect dwells so proudly on this feature demonstrates how exceptional it was; elsewhere he invariably speaks of Prussian deals. Several designs by the architect Pieter Post for interiors of burgher houses survive, some even with patterns for marble floors. Again, though, they are very simplc (fig. 8-9), the more elaborate ones being meant for an entrance hall (fig. 10). And we know from the records that wooden floors were preferred for a house which Post built in Dordrecht, even in the reception rooms. Similarly, a third well-known architect, Adriaen Dortsman, designed stone and marble floors only for the basement and corridors of the house he built for Jan Six in 1666 (fig. 11) - not, however, for the main rooms. Examples like these, moreover, apply to the houses of the absolute upper class in Amsterdam, the richest city in Holland. Marble and stone floors were in fact largely confined to halls and corridors, as in the palace Huis ten Bosch built by Pieter Post (fig. 12-13). Of the other palaces belonging to the Prince of Orange, only Rijswijk was famous for its marble floors in most of the rooms (fig. 14). The rooms in the two earliest 17th-century dolls houses, dating from the 1670s, do not have marble floors either, except for the entrance hall (fig. 15); a slightly later one has a marble floor in the hall and the best kitchen, but also in the lying-in chamber (fig. 16). These Amsterdam dolls houses again clearly indicate a preference for wooden floors in reception and living rooms. The rarity of marble floors in living rooms is understandable, since they struck cold and were uncomfortable to dwell on. In the front halls, where marble or stone floors were much more common, there was usually a wooden platform (called a zoldertje) for people to sit on (fig. 19). All this is borne out by one quantitative source: a series of the conditions of sale pertain ing to houses in the city of Haarlem over a period of sixty years. Although they concern the second half of the 18th century, a considerable number of 17th-century interior features were still preserved. No fewer than approximately 5000 different houses are described in this source: by then nearly all larger houses had marble entrance halls and corridors, most of them dating from the 18th century; however, a total of no more than nine living rooms arc mentioned as having marble or stone floors! All these considerations lead to the conclusion that, although marble floors did exist in the houses of Dutch burghers, they were

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Fisher, Tim. "A LETTER FROM THE GOVERNOR OF BIG BLUE MARBLE SCHOOL FOR MORAL URGENCY, SOUL MAKING AND HUMAN ADVANCEMENTS." Think 13, no. 37 (2014): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147717561300050x.

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A traditional defense of God in the face of pain and suffering is that humans learn from encounters with suffering – learn something wonderfully valuable that could not be learned in any other way. God is a teacher, and we humans are the students. This article examines the Problem of Evil through this paradigm. It argues that any God-as-teacher defense of evil fails on its face because God does not meet even the most lax standard for teacher behavior and action.

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Hotez, Peter J. "Developing and financing neglected disease vaccines in our new era of “blue marble health” and the anthropocene epoch." Vaccine 35, no. 40 (September 2017): 5403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.002.

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Hotez, Peter J. "NTDs V.2.0: “Blue Marble Health”—Neglected Tropical Disease Control and Elimination in a Shifting Health Policy Landscape." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7, no. 11 (November 21, 2013): e2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002570.

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Smith, Heather D., Mickael Baqué, Andrew G. Duncan, Christopher R. Lloyd, Christopher P. McKay, and Daniela Billi. "Comparative analysis of cyanobacteria inhabiting rocks with different light transmittance in the Mojave Desert: a Mars terrestrial analogue." International Journal of Astrobiology 13, no. 3 (May 14, 2014): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550414000056.

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AbstractThe Mojave Desert has been long considered a suitable terrestrial analogue to Mars in many geological and astrobiological aspects. The Silver Lake region in the Mojave Desert hosts several different rock types (talc, marble, quartz, white carbonate and red-coated carbonate) colonized by hypoliths within a few kilometres. This provides an opportunity to investigate the effect of rock type on hypolithic colonization in a given environment. Transmission measurements from 300 to 800 nm showed that the transmission of blue and UVA varied between rock types. The wavelength at which the transmission fell to 1% of the transmission at 600 nm was 475 nm for white carbonate and quartz, 425 nm for red-coated carbonate and talc and 380 nm for marble. The comparative analysis of the cyanobacterial component of hypoliths under different rocks, as revealed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, showed no significant variation with rock type; hypoliths were dominated by phylotypes of the genusChroococcidiopsis, although less abundant phylotypes of the genusLoriellopsis, LeptolyngbyaandScytonemaoccurred. The comparison of the confocal laser scanning microscopy-λ (CLSM-λ) scan analysis of the spectral emission of the photosynthetic pigments ofChroococcidiopsisin different rocks with the spectrum of isolatedChroococcidiopsissp. 029, revealed a 10 nm red shift in the emission fingerprinting for quartz and carbonate and a 5 nm red shift for talc samples. This result reflects the versatility ofChroococcidiopsisin inhabiting dry niches with different light availability for photosynthesis.

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Long, Pham Van, Gaston Giuliani, Anthony E. Fallick, Andrian J. Boyce, and Vincent Pardieu. "Trace elements and oxygen isotopes of gem spinels in marble from the Luc Yen - An Phu areas, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/12241.

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Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 ppm). The O-isotope composition of the whole spinels ranges between 12.1 and 24.2‰ (n = 25). Within each deposit, the range of δ18O values for red, pink and colored spinels is usually similar. However, the red and pink spinels from An Phu present two distinct sets of δ18O values, respectively between 13.2 to 17.0‰ (n = 7) and 22.5< δ18O < 24.2 (n = 5). Those from Cong Troi are from 14.8 to 17.7‰ (n = 3) and their range overlaps that of An Phu. The use of O-isotopes is not useful for distinguishing between the deposits, but the low to extremely low Zn content of the Cong Trois spinels is a discriminant. The variation of δ18O values (12.1 <δ18O < 24.2‰) of the whole spinels indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the metamorphic fluids were probably buffered by the local δ18O values of the impure host marbles.ReferencesChauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac Ph., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 51, 2-17.D'Ippolito V., Andreozzi G.B., Hålenius H., Skogby H., Hametner K., Günther D., 2015. Colour mechanisms in spinel: cobalt and iron interplay for the blue colour. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 431-439.Garnier V., 2003. Les gisements de rubis associés aux marbres de l’Asie Centrale et du Sud-est: genèse et caractérisation isotopique. PhD thesis INPL, Nancy, France, 373p.Garnier, V., Ohnenstetter, D., Giuliani, G., Maluski, H., Deloule, E., Phan Trong Trinh, Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2005. Age and significance of ruby-bearing marbles from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1315-1329.Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Banks D., Hoang Quang Vinh, Lhomme Th., Maluski H., Pêcher A., Bakhsh K.A., Pham Van Long, Phan Trong Trinh, Schwarz D., 2008. Marble-hosted ruby deposits from central and Southeast Asia: towards a new genetic model. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 169-191.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Garnier V., France-Lanord Ch., Ohnenstetter D., Schwarz D., 2005. Oxygen isotope composition as a tracer for the origins of rubies and sapphires. Geology, 33(4), 249-252.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Boyce A.J., Pardieu V., Pham Van Long, 2017. Pink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 743-761.Hauzenberger C.A., Häeger T., Baumgartner L.P., Hofmeister W., 2001. High-grade metamorphism and stable isotope geochemistry of N-Vietnamese gem-bearing rocks. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on gems and minerals of Vietnam, Hanoi, 124-138.Hauzenberger C.A., Bagola C., Häeger T., Muellen C., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Le Thi Thu Huong, 2014. Mineralogy and petrology of the An Phu marble hosted spinel and corundum deposit, Luc Yen, N-Vietnam. In Proceedings of the 4th International Gem and Jewelry Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 76-78.Kleišmantas A., Daukšyte A., 2016. The influence of Vietnam and Sri Lanka spinel mineral chemical elements on colour. Chemija, 27, 45-51.Kretz R., 1983. Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277-279.Le Thi Thu Huong, Häeger T., Hofmeister W., Hauzenberger C., Schwarz D., Pham Van Long, Wehmeister U., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Nguy Tuyet Nhung, 2012. Gemstones from Vietnam: An update. Gems & Gemology, 48, 158-176.Malsy A., Klemm L., 2010. Distinction of gem spinels from the Himalayan mountain belt. Chimia, 64(10), 741-746.Malsy A., Karampelas S., Schwarz D., Klemm L., Armbruster T., Tuan Do Anh, 2012. Orangey-red to orangey-pink gem spinels from a new deposit at Lang Chap (Tan Huong - Truc Lau), Vietnam. The Journal of Gemmology, 33, 19-27.Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Lhomme,T., Schwarz D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Phan Trong Trinh, 2004. Gem corundum deposits in Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology, 29, 129-147.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., Nguy Tuyet Nhung, Pham Thi Thanh Hien, Pham Duc Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2014. Gemmological characteristics of spinel from Luc Yen, Yen Bai. Journal of Geology, 340, 29-36.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., 2014. Update on gemstone mining in Luc Yen, Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 49, 233-245.Pouchou J.L., Pichoir F., 1991. Quantitative analysis of homogeneous or stratified microvolumes applying "PAP" In Electron Probe Quantification (K.F.J. Heinrich & D.E. Newbury eds.). Plenum Press, New York, USA, 31-75.Valley J.W., 1986. Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy, 16, 445-481.Yui T.F., Khin Zaw, Wu C.-M., 2008. A preliminary stable isotope study on Mogok ruby, Myanmar. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 182-199.

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Hotez, Peter J. "Blue Marble Health Redux: Neglected Tropical Diseases and Human Development in the Group of 20 (G20) Nations and Nigeria." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 7 (July 28, 2015): e0003672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003672.

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Hotez, Peter J. "Correction: Blue Marble Health Redux: Neglected Tropical Diseases and Human Development in the Group of 20 (G20) Nations and Nigeria." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 8 (August 19, 2015): e0004035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004035.

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Graham, J. F., J. Byron, A. J. Clark, G. Kearney, and B. Orchard. "Effect of postweaning growth and bulls selected for extremes in retail beef yield and intramuscular fat on progeny liveweight and carcass traits." Animal Production Science 49, no. 6 (2009): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08181.

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The present study is a component of a multi-site experiment, using Bos taurus cattle generated at four locations across southern Australia, designed to examine postweaning growth pathways for progeny whose sires were extreme in retail beef yield and intramuscular fat. Treatment and interaction effects on beef production and meat quality were examined within and across sites. The present paper describes the effect of postweaning growth and sire carcass type on liveweight and carcass traits at the Hamilton site. Angus sires selected on estimated breeding values for extremes in retail beef yield (RBY%), intramuscular fat (IMF%) (estimated breeding values for IMF% are derived by using live-animal ultrasound scanning) or both and sire breed types considered to be more extreme in those traits (Limousin, and Belgian Blue for yield, and Wagyu for intramuscular fat) were joined to crossbred and straight-bred cows. After weaning, the resultant 645 steer and heifer progeny were grown on a fast and slow growth path to ~550 kg and slaughtered, averaging 0.68 kg/day and 22.2 months, and 0.49 kg/day and 27.8 months for growth rate and age at slaughter, respectively. Growth path, sire carcass type and sex affected carcass traits; however, there were no sire carcass type by growth treatment interactions. The fast growth-path cattle were fatter, had more intramuscular fat (measured chemically), a higher Meat Standards of Australia (MSA) USA and AUS marble score, and a higher predicted MSA eating-quality score. Progeny of Wagyu sires were lighter at weaning and slaughter and had a lower hot standard carcass weight than the other sire carcass types. The Belgian Blue and Limousin progeny had a higher dressing percentage, a higher RBY% and a lower P8 and rib-fat depth and lower IMF% than the other sire breed types. Progeny of the high RBY% Angus had a lower rib-fat depth, a lower IMF% and higher RBY% than those selected for high IMF%. There was no difference in IMF% between the Wagyu or the high IMF% Angus. Progeny from the Belgian Blue, Limousin and Wagyu had a larger eye muscle area than the other sire breeds. The results indicate that simultaneous selection for supposedly antagonistic traits of IMF% and RBY% would result in carcass having high values of both measurements. Females were lighter than steers at slaughter, had a lower hot standard carcass weight, were fatter at the P8 and rib, and had a higher marble score and IMF%, a lower yield and a lower MSA-predicted eating-quality score than did steers. There was no interaction between postweaning growth and sire carcass type. These results indicate that with the use of appropriate sire carcass types and BREEDPLAN, and post-weaning nutrition, beef producers can confidently change carcass parameters to suit market specifications.

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Scrivano, Gaggero, and Volpe. "Paint Relics on Middle Age Building Stones as Proxies of Commercial Routes and Artistic Exchanges: A Multi-Analytical Investigation." Minerals 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110663.

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Fifty-four pieces out of 356 marble pieces deriving from the decorative and architectonic apparatus of the medieval monastic complex of S. Francesco of Castelletto (Genoa, Italy) preserve traces of varicolored paint layers. Microscopic samples of green, blue, red, pink, white, and yellow paint relics were collected by scalpel and analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), µ-Raman, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR), to characterize pigments and binders. The combined results from the different techniques allowed verification that stone decoration in Genoa during the Middle Ages encompassed a calcite groundwork and the use of a mixture of oils and proteins (probably egg) to apply pigments. The assemblage of impurities within the pigment has been correlated with the provenance sites along the commercial continental (Hungary and France) and maritime (Sardinia, Cyprus, or Veneto) routes between the 13th and 15th centuries. Moreover, the investigation of the painted layer improved the characterization of the decorative techniques in use in Genoa during the Middle Ages.

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Hicklenton, Peter R., C. R. Blatt, and R. J. O’Regan. "Hydroponic Production of Cut Chrysanthemums: A Commercial Trial." HortScience 22, no. 2 (April 1987): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.2.287.

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Abstract A hydroponic nutrient film (NF) system was compared with soil for the production of five cut chrysanthemum crops in a commercial greenhouse. Crops of the cultivars Polaris; Blue, White and Florida Marble; Icecap; Chardonnay; and Heirloom matured 5 days earlier, on average, in NF than in soil. Yields of flowering stems were similar in each system, but close spacing increased productivity per unit greenhouse area for NF. Costs and returns for installation and operation of soil and NF systems in a 1-ha greenhouse were analyzed based on data obtained from the trial crops. Capital and operating costs per unit area increased for NF, but productivity and returns were also greatly improved. Internal rates of return (IRR) were higher for NF, compared to soil, over economic lifetimes ranging from 5 to 25 years. Product price variations caused similar changes in IRR for both systems. A 20% downturn in price, however, resulted in IRR of 3.5% and 19.4% for soil and NF, respectively, over a 25-year lifetime.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blue Marble'

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