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1
Addison, John T., and Pedro Portugal. "Advance Notice and Unemployment: New Evidence from the 1988 Displaced Worker Survey." ILR Review 45, no. 4 (July 1992): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399204500402.
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This paper examines how advance notice of layoff affects the incidence and duration of unemployment following displacement. The authors use the Displaced Worker Survey for 1988, which, unlike earlier surveys in the series, contains information on written notice. The results are mixed. Longer written notice may more than double the proportion of white-collar workers who move directly to new employment. But written notice has no such positive effects for blue-collar workers, regardless of its length. Informal (unwritten) notice benefits male workers, either by improving their chances of avoiding unemployment (white-collar men) or by reducing the average spell of unemployment (blue-collar men).
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Yang, Wannian, and Richard A. Cerione. "Endocytosis: Is dynamin a ‘blue collar’ or ‘white collar’ worker?" Current Biology 9, no. 14 (July 1999): R511—R514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80323-6.
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Macleod, Jennifer S. "The older blue-collar worker in a white-collar environment." Employment Relations Today 14, no. 3 (September 1987): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ert.3910140305.
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Osanlou, Orod, and Richard Hull. "The millennial doctor – A blue collar worker?" Future Hospital Journal 4, no. 1 (February 2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.4-1-45.
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Neinas, Caryl C. "Outplacement Services for the Blue-collar Worker." Journal of Career Development 14, no. 2 (December 1987): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089484538701400202.
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Neinas, Caryl C. "Outplacement services for the blue-collar worker." Journal of Career Development 14, no. 2 (December 1987): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01354824.
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Naveed, Resham. "Relative Factor Abundance and Relative Factor Price Equality in Punjab." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2015.v20.i1.a4.
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This study tests the relative factor price equality across districts in Punjab using the methodology developed by Bernard, Redding, and Schott (2009) and data from the Census of Manufacturing Industries for 2000/01 and 2005/06. The results indicate the absence of relative factor price equalization due to the uneven distribution of factors in the province. Nonproduction (white-collar) workers) are relatively scarce in Punjab, which results in a wage premium for this type of labor. The study adjusts for worker quality by using a Mincerian wage equation as worker quality could explain the wage differential between white-collar and blue-collar workers. However, this exercise yields similar results, implying that factors are distributed unevenly across the districts of Punjab even after controlling for worker quality differences.
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Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y., Asa R. Derolf, Paul W. Dickman, Gustaf Edgren, and Magnus Bjorkholm. "High Socioeconomic Status (SES) Is Associated with Superior Survival in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Multiple Myeloma (MM). A Population-Based Study." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1485.1485.
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Abstract Introduction The association between SES and survival in MM and AML has not been studied in detail and the limited results are inconclusive. In the present study the impact of SES on survival was analyzed in a large population-based cohort of MM and AML patients. Patients and Methods From the Swedish Cancer Register we identified all individuals diagnosed with MM and AML between 1973 and 2003. We used type of occupation, combined into seven groups (blue-collar worker, farmer, lower white-collar worker, higher white-collar worker, self-employed, retired, and unknown), from the Swedish National Census Databases as a proxy for SES. The relative risk of death (any cause) in relation to type of occupation and calendar period was estimated using Cox’s proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, calendar period and area of residence. We also conducted analyses stratified by calendar period (1973–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2003). Results A total of 14,200 and 8,831 patients were diagnosed with MM and AML, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 71.8 years in patients with MM and 69.1 years in AML. The SES distribution was similar between the two diseases. The majority of patients were blue-collar (38.0; 39.5%) and white-collar workers (36.4; 37%), with lower white-collar workers dominating the latter group. Women had a significantly lower mortality than men both among MM (p<0.001) and AML (p<0.05) patients. The mortality among patients diagnosed in more recent calendar periods was lower than among patients diagnosed earlier (p<0.001) Overall, higher white-collar workers had a significantly lower mortality compared to blue-collar workers for both MM (p<0.001) and AML (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between the other SES groups. In MM, analyses stratified by calendar period revealed that the mortality did not differ between the SES groups in the first two calendar periods, but in the third calendar period, 1990–1999, both higher and lower white-collar workers had a significantly lower mortality compared to blue collar workers, hazard ratios (HR) 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75–0.96) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.98), respectively. In the fourth period the mortality followed the same pattern as in the third period with lower mortality among both higher [HR 0.66 (95% CI, 0.50–0.88)] and lower [HR 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69–0.96)] white-collar workers. In AML patients no difference in mortality in relation to SES was found during the first calendar period. During the last three periods, however, a lower mortality was observed in higher white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers, HR: 0.79 (0.66–0.95), 0.79 (0.67–0.93) and 0.74 (0.57–0.96) in the periods 1980–1989, 1990–1999 and 2000–2003, respectively. Conclusion SES, here defined as occupational profession, was significantly associated with prognosis in both MM and AML. Most conspicuously, a lower mortality was recorded in white-collar workers during more recent calendar periods. Differences in time to diagnosis (lead-time bias) and treatment strategies may be important factors contributing to this finding. Future studies may identify the relative impact of these and potentially other factors.
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Alexy, Betty. "Workplace Health Promotion and the Blue Collar Worker." AAOHN Journal 38, no. 1 (January 1990): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999003800103.
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Soares, Joaquim J. F., Eija Viitasara, and Gloria Macassa. "Quality of Life Among Lifetime Victimized Men." Violence and Victims 22, no. 2 (April 2007): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007780477366.
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Quality of life was compared for lifetime victimized (n = 353) and nonvictimized men (n = 167) for demographic and quality of life variables by a cross-sectional design. The univariate analyses showed that victims compared to nonvictims had a lower quality of life, were younger, more often had upper secondary school education, and were more often blue-collar/low white-collar workers, on student allowances, on unemployment, financially strained, and smokers. The regressions revealed that unemployment, financial strain, smoking, depression, and home/public abuse were associated with reduced quality of life among victimized men. Being a blue-collar/low/intermediate white-collar worker and social support were related to increased quality of life. This study may have provided new insights into the experiences of quality of life of victimized men.
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Gibson, Melissa K., and Nancy M. Schullery. "Shifting Meanings in a Blue-Collar Worker Philanthropy Program." Management Communication Quarterly 14, no. 2 (November 2000): 189–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318900142001.
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Wittenhagen, Julia. "„Der Fortschritt zur digitalen Fabrik ist unaufhaltsam“." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 30 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-30-036.
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Carrington, William J., and Kenneth R. Troske. "Sex Segregation in U.S. Manufacturing." ILR Review 51, no. 3 (April 1998): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100305.
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This study of interplant sex segregation in the U.S. manufacturing industry improves on previous work by using more detailed information on the characteristics of both workers and firms and adopting an improved measure of segregation. The data source is the Worker-Establishment Characteristics Database (a U.S. Census Bureau database) for 1990. There are three main findings. First, interplant sex segregation in the U.S. manufacturing industry is substantial, particularly among blue-collar workers. Second, even in analyses that control for a variety of plant characteristics, the authors find that female managers tend to work in the same plants as female supervisees. Finally, they find that interplant sex segregation can account for a substantial fraction of the male/female wage gap in the manufacturing industry, particularly among blue-collar workers.
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Mattisson, Cecilia, Mats Bogren, Vibeke Horstmann, Leif Öjesjö, and Louise Brådvik. "Remission from Alcohol Use Disorder among Males in the Lundby Cohort during 1947–1997." Psychiatry Journal 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4829389.
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Background. Alcohol use disorders are a major health problem, often with a chronic course. Studies on remission from alcohol use disorders are sparse. Objective. The aim of this study was to analyse the rate of remission from AUD and the possible influence of other mental disorders and sociodemographic factors on the remission in the Lundby Cohort. Method. Remission from AUD was studied for 312 male subjects in the Lundby Cohort, which was followed for 50 years. Cox regression analyses were used to study the possible influence of sociodemographic variables and other mental disorders on AUD remission. Results. In all, 64/312 (21%) subjects achieved remission during the study period. The presence of a severe mental disorder, such as delirium tremens and organic disorders, was related to remission. Blue-collar workers had higher rates of remission than white-collar workers. There was indication that treatment improved the prognosis. Conclusions. The overall remission rate was low, but treatment may improve the prognosis. Severe mental disorders, such as delirium tremens and organic disorders as well as being blue-collar rather than white-collar worker, were related to remission.
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Smith, Ernie A. "Cultural and linguistic factors in worker notification to blue collar and no-collar African-Americans." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700230107.
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Schmitz, Marina Anna. "Change in China? Taking stock of blue collars’ work values." Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management 10, no. 1/2 (October 14, 2019): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchrm-08-2018-0014.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide insights into current issues, such as changing expectations and needs of blue-collar workers, from both an employee and HR perspective, to provoke further research in the business context on this crucial cohort, as well as broaden the current understanding of Human Resources Management (HRM) measures and incentives implemented by the respective foreign companies. Design/methodology/approach The author conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 Chinese employees of German multinational companies working in the automobile industry located in Shanghai. Among them, 17 were blue-collar workers and 8 were white-collar workers (General Manager or HR Manager). Findings Besides factors attributed to work conditions, all of the work values are located in the individual domain, regarding their level of focus (Facet C according to Lyons et al.). Work values in the growth orientation domain (Facet B according to Lyons et al.) show a mix between context- and growth-oriented factors. However, context-oriented factors are still outnumbering the frequency of growth-oriented ones. Regarding the modality of work values (Facet A), all of the categories (instrumental, social, cognitive and prestige) were reflected in the answers of the blue-collar workers. Research limitations/implications Due to the limited number of interviewees no final statement can be made on how age, education, gender, or other demographics influence certain work values. Additionally, Inglehart and Abramson (1994) also mention other potential explanations for observed differences, such as inflation or unemployment rates, and per capita gross national product which were not discussed in this research. Furthermore, the HR management selected the interview candidates regarding the blue-collar cohort which could indicate biased answers of the interviewees. Practical implications HRM systems (e.g. reward systems or job design) should be adapted to meet the individual preferences of employees and be sensitive toward a potential value change among certain generational cohorts. The findings showed that although pay is still on the mind of the blue-collar worker, career development seems to be even more important for the future blue-collar workforce. Therefore, companies should as well consider non-financial retention strategies in the future. Social implications Due to the talent shortage in China, employee’s ability to assert their interests, wishes and values could be taken to a new level. However, this does not hold true for the (still increasing) flood of migrant workers, often suffering from bad working conditions or discrimination incurred by their hukou status. Although recent changes in the labor regime have taken place (e.g. social insurance reform and labor contract law), the protection of migrant workers still remains insufficient. Originality/value By examining the work values of blue-collar workers, this paper draws meaningful implications for talent management with regard to work outcomes, in particular voluntary employee turnover, which is considered to be an issue of concern by both economists and businessmen.
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Arief, Muzawir, Sari Rissanen, and Kaija Saranto. "Influence of previous work experience and education on Internet use of people in their 60s and 70s." BMJ Health & Care Informatics 25, no. 3 (July 2018): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/jhi.v25i3.868.
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BackgroundInternet use among the elderly is influenced by various demographic backgrounds, social life and health factors.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the impact of several demographic features on 60- to 79-year-old individuals’ intention to use the Internet.MethodFinland population data (N = 2508) from the 2012 IKIPOSA project was used with two cohorts: 60s group (n = 1515) and 70s group (n = 990). Descriptive statistic and two binomial logistic regressions have been used with the unadjusted effect and Forward LR method to measure each predictor’s contribution to the model. In addition, a preliminary analysis to measure the multicollinearity was performed.ResultOf the 18 independent variables, only nine predictors, namely, age, education, financial situation, having children, entrepreneurship, a leadership position, a higher level white-collar worker and a lower level white-collar worker, were significant factors in predicting the Internet use. Meanwhile, gender, having grandchildren, living alone, marital status, house location and type, stay-at-home mother or father, blue-collar worker, agricultural entrepreneur and social relations satisfaction were not significant predictors. The most significant predictors were education and age, which contributed 19% and 10%, respectively, to the model. Other significant predictors, lower level white-collar worker, higher level white-collar worker and financial situation, had less impact with only around 6%.ConclusionEducation and age were influential factors among elderly to use the Internet in their later life. Certain work experiences affect elderly people’s engagement with the Internet after retirement.
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Owen, Barbara A. "Race and Gender Relations among Prison Workers." Crime & Delinquency 31, no. 1 (January 1985): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128785031001009.
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This article describes changes in the traditional guard cultures, which have resulted through Affirmative Action requirements of the State. These changes have given new meanings to traditional competition and divisions among the workers. Racial conflicts often parallel those within the prisoner culture. Gender conflicts reflect a conservative bias found in other blue collar occupations. These conflicts shape a new culture of the correctional worker and further contribute to the uneasy social order of the prison community.
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Cox, Christopher M. "Augmenting autonomy: ‘New Collar’ labor and the future of tech work." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 824–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856519899083.
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This essay maps IBM’s attempts to construct a typology of high-tech ‘New Collar’ work and leverage policymaking outcomes to underwrite IBM corporate ventures capable of materializing this work. Through a discursive analysis of IBM corporate texts, webpages, and the 2017 New Collar Jobs Act, I argue for New Collar work to be understood through the lens of autonomy, as IBM recasts notions of ‘autonomous’ technology onto humans by downplaying dystopic associations of technological autonomy and transferring notions of autonomy to human workers. In doing so, I account for IBM’s use of ‘augmentation’ to situate human intelligence as the cognitive force uplifted by work performed with artificial intelligence. By pairing human augmentation with posthumanist conceptions of ‘distributed cognition’, IBM centers human intelligence through a redistributed cognition that reverses posthumanism’s decentering of human supremacy. Following from this, I unpack ‘New Collar’ as a reinvention of ‘white’ and ‘blue’ collar dichotomies and New Collar work as the grounds for tech workers to reinvent themselves. In this way, by minimizing the necessity of 4-year college degrees as pathways to economic and professional mobility, IBM constructs ‘New Collar’ with embedded notions of enlarged self-determination for applied worker intellect, vocational training, and employability. Under the aegis of creating, training, and employing New Collar workers, IBM pursues policy outcomes to underwrite corporate ventures related to New Collar work and bolster its institutional autonomy amidst marketplaces of cognitive capitalism. By outlining how tax relief provisions of the New Collar Jobs Act correlate with neoliberal ideologies of legislators and IBM investments in public–private vocational models and cybersecurity platforms, I account for IBM’s elongated ‘economy of learning’ that enables the company to more thoroughly capture, underwrite, and commodify New Collar cognition from training to market outputs.
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Prause, Christian R., Marc Jentsch, and Markus Eisenhauer. "MICA." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2011010101.
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Thousands of small and medium-sized companies world-wide have non-automated warehouses. Picking orders are manually processed by blue-collar workers; however, this process is highly error-prone. There are various kinds of picking errors that can occur, which cause immense costs and aggravate customers. Even experienced workers are not immune to this problem. In turn, this puts a high pressure on the warehouse personnel. In this paper, the authors present a mobile assistance system for warehouse workers that realize the new Interaction-by-Doing principle. MICA unobtrusively navigates the worker through the warehouse and effectively prevents picking errors using RFID. In a pilot project at a medium-sized enterprise the authors evaluate the usability, efficiency, and sales potential of MICA. Findings show that MICA effectively reduces picking times and error rates. Consequentially, job training periods are shortened, while at the same time pressure put on the individual worker is reduced. This leads to lower costs for warehouse operators and an increased customer satisfaction.
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Hunt, Mary Kay, Ruth Lederman, Anne M. Stoddard, Anthony D. LaMontagne, Deborah McLellan, Candace Combe, Elizabeth Barbeau, and Glorian Sorensen. "Process Evaluation of an Integrated Health Promotion/Occupational Health Model in WellWorks-2." Health Education & Behavior 32, no. 1 (February 2005): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198104264216.
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Disparities in chronic disease risk by occupation call for newapproaches to health promotion. Well Works-2 was a randomized, controlled study comparing the effectiveness of a health promotion/occupational health program (HP/OHS) with a standard intervention (HP). Interventions in both studies were based on the same theoretical foundations. Results from process evaluation revealed that a similar number of activities were offered in both conditions and that in the HP/OHS condition there were higher levels of worker participation using three measures: mean participation per activity (HP: 14.2% vs. HP/OHS: 21.2%), mean minutes of worker exposure to the intervention/site (HP: 14.9 vs. HP/OHS: 33.3), and overall mean participation per site (HP: 34.4% vs. HP/ OHS: 45.8%). There were a greater number of contacts with management (HP: 8.8 vs. HP/OHS: 24.9) in the HP/ OHS condition. Addressing occupational health may have contributed to higher levels of worker and management participation and smoking cessation among blue-collar workers.
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Zyskowski, Kathryn, and Kristy Milland. "A Crowded Future: Working against Abstraction on Turker Nation." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 4, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v4i2.29581.
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This paper examines digital labor and community through an ethnography of a discussion board supporting short-term digital contract workers on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). First, we give a thorough overview of mTurk, the crowdsourcing marketplace, and Turker Nation, a discussion board for workers on mTurk. We trace the experience of interacting with this infrastructure on mTurk as worker and employer. Following, we look at scholarship on software infrastructure and autonomous Marxist theorizations of contemporary work. We demonstrate how the labor of participating on the discussion board Turker Nation helps to counter the abstraction the infrastructure provides. We show how workers on Turker Nation use the platform to structure time, build socializing spaces at work and initiate collective organizing. In doing so, we argue that workers’ labor belies conventional class classification, such as white-collar and blue-collar labor and instead lays the groundwork for how to structure future digital workplaces. We argue that this laboring resists the assumed logic of capitalism for digital labor that subsumes and takes over workers’ lives and conclude by looking at the limitations of the community’s collective organizing in terms of agreeing on points to communicated to the public.
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Petrushin, A. L. "Traumatic hand amputations, the analysis of medical aid on different levels of rural healthcare." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 3 (June 15, 2013): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2179.
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Aim. The analysis of diagnostic and management measures offered for patients with traumatic hand amputations at different levels of rural healthcare. Methods. The medical charts of 115 patients [including 98 (85.2%) in-patients] aged 14 to 67 years with complete and incomplete traumatic hand amputation treated since 1985 to 2010 were analysed. Results. 81 (70.4%) of patients were of working age, 18 (15.7%) - adolescents (up to 18 years of age). 65 (56.5%) of patients were blue-collar workers, 6 (5.2%) - white-collar workers, 19 (16.5%) - students, 12 (10.4%) - unemployed, 13 (11.3%) - retired. Occupational injuries were registered in 25 (21.7%) of patients, including 24 (36.9%) blue-collar workers and 1 (16.7%) white-collar worker. Traumatic hand amputations due to incised wounds were registered in 1 (0.9%) case, due to bites - 1 (0.9%) case, due to chopped wound - in 26 (22.6%) cases, due to lacerated wounds - in 35 (30.4%) cases, due to high-energy trauma - in 45 (39.1%) cases. No trauma mechanism was registered in patient’s medical charts for 7 (6.1%) cases. Traumatic hand amputations at wrist level were registered in 2 (1.7%) cases, at finger level - in 113 (98.7%) cases. The primary care was provided in regional paramedic stations and regional hospitals to 71 (61.7%) patients. High-energy traumas had the most unfavorable clinical course and were associated with worst prognosis. The chosen reconstructive surgery type depended on the mechanism of trauma, wound shape and size and the condition of surrounding tissues. The local reconstructive surgery was the most frequent choice. Complications were observed in 11.2% of cases (in 27.1% of high-energy trauma cases). Patients became constantly disabled in 4.3% of cases. Most of the medical errors were made at primary care level, including unjustified rejection of wound debridement and improper finger stump debridement. Conclusion. To optimize the medical aid for patients with traumatic hand amputations a continuous theoretical training of medical staff, providing emergency care, in quarterly seminars, is needed. Patients with traumatic hand amputations should be admitted directly to the hospital emergency room, bypassing the outpatient services.
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Abraham, Katharine G., and Henry S. Farber. "Returns to Seniority in Union and Nonunion Jobs: A New Look at the Evidence." ILR Review 42, no. 1 (October 1988): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398804200101.
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In cross-sectional data, the positive association between seniority and earnings is typically much stronger for nonunion workers than for union workers, a finding that seems inconsistent with the generalization that seniority is more important in the union sector than in the nonunion sector. The authors of this paper show that standard estimates of the return to seniority are likely to be biased upward due to unmeasured worker heterogeneity, job heterogeneity, or both, and they argue that this bias is likely to be larger in the nonunion sector than in the union sector. When they correct for this problem in analyzing data on male blue-collar workers for the years 1968–80, they find a larger return to seniority in the union sector than in the nonunion sector.
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Amaro, Joana, Teresa Monjardino, Raquel Lucas, Mònica Ubalde-Lopez, and Henrique Barros. "O6A.1 Aggregation of work-related health problems throughout working-life in a population-based sample of women." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A50.2—A51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.136.
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IntroductionMultimorbidity potentiates a spectrum of adverse health outcomes that surpass those of individual diseases. However, little is known on disease aggregation related to occupational exposures.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of life course occupational experience on health problem aggregation.MethodsWe evaluated 4330 adult women at the 10-year-old follow-up wave of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, using a self-administered version of the Labour Force Survey item inquiring whether they had ever had a ‘physical or mental health problem that was caused or made worse by your current work or any previous work’ with 11 close-ended and one open-ended response options. Disease aggregation was assessed using principal components (PC) analysis and component scores were summarized by sociodemographic, anthropometric and work-related characteristics.ResultsWe identified five components to describe disease aggregation which accounted for 54.7% of observed variance. PC1 gathered all items on musculoskeletal disorders (back, upper and lower limb); participants with lower educational level, higher BMI, blue-collar jobs, working in the private sector, and with a history of occupational accidents scored higher in this component. PC2 gathered the item on mental disorders (including anxiety and depression) together with headache and/or eyestrain, and showed higher scores among women with higher educational level, white-collar jobs, and in the public sector. PC3 included the item on other disorders (comprising neurological, endocrine, autoimmune and voice-related) with some loading from digestive and hearing disorders, and showed higher scores in older and blue-collar workers. PC4 grouped respiratory with infectious diseases; it associated with working in the public sector and reporting work-related accident history. PC5 was composed by circulatory system conditions and associated with former smoking, higher BMI, and white-collar jobs.ConclusionWork-related diseases aggregated in five distinct components, supporting the need for a shift from a disease-by-disease approach towards a worker-centered approach.
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Nedanov, Bogdan, and Charles R. Link. "Cumulative Effects on Weight Due to an Initial Occupational Choice as a Blue Collar Worker." Eastern Economic Journal 41, no. 3 (April 20, 2015): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2015.20.
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Grimmer, Bettina, and Jennifer Hobbins. "Active entrepreneurs and blue-collar workers. Cultural understandings mirrored in European youth unemployment policies." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 7/8 (July 8, 2014): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2013-0084.
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Purpose – With a particular focus on cultural understandings and the concepts behind welfare policies, the purpose of this paper is to analyse commonalities and dissimilarities in the patterns of social policy, and more precisely youth unemployment policies, in Sweden and Germany. Design/methodology/approach – A document analysis of Swedish and German youth unemployment policies was conducted with regard to how the two welfare regimes’ policies define the underlying problem, the instruments through which this problem is tackled, and the aim of youth activation policies. Findings – The findings show congruency concerning the definitions of the problem of youth unemployment, in which the unemployed are regarded as lacking in discipline, as well as in the policies through which the problem is tackled: through conditionality and pastoral power as policy tools. The solution of the problem on the other hand, found in the notion of the ideal worker to be produced, diverges between active entrepreneurs in one country, and blue-collar workers in the other. The authors conclude that the introduction of supranational policy concepts is not a matter of mere implementation, and that concepts like activation are reinterpreted according to differing cultural ideologies and accommodated into the context of particular welfare states. Originality/value – This paper provides an innovative framework for the understanding of the influence of cultural understandings on policy making, but also on challenges facing activation governance on the one hand and European Union policy initiatives and transnational policy diffusion on the other.
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O'Kelly, Monica. "Work, Women and Their Beliefs." Behaviour Change 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.19.1.12.
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AbstractMany women now juggle the multiple roles of wife, mother, home maker, and paid worker. Although their behaviours may have changed, many of these women still adhere to traditional beliefs about their roles, which may predispose them to conflict and stress. Questionnaires were sent to all women working at a large urban teaching hospital in metropolitan Melbourne in a study to explore, among other factors, the relationship between occupational status, education level, and women's beliefs. Of the 2562 questionnaires sent out 974 (44%) were completed and returned, 422 of the questionnaires were completed by women who were living with a male partner and children. Multivariant analyses of variance were performed on the data. Results indicated a relationship between occupational status and adherence to traditional beliefs. Blue collar women had the most traditional beliefs followed by clerical women, then nurses. Managerial women and professional women had the least traditional beliefs. A similar relationship was found between level of education and beliefs; women with lower levels of education adhered to more traditional beliefs than women with higher education levels. It is possible that, as a result of adherence to traditional beliefs, women who are blue-collar workers and those with lower levels of education may be more predisposed to stress than other women when juggling their multiple roles.
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Henning, Georg, and Oliver Huxhold. "Historical Differences in Retirement Adjustment in Germany." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1499.
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Abstract The nature of retirement has been constantly changing over the last decades. Retirement transitions of later-born cohorts differ from those of earlier-born cohorts in terms of sociocultural context and timing. In addition, today’s retirees differ from those who retired earlier in historical time, for example with respect to gender composition, social resources and health status. Gerontological research has rarely addressed the question whether such developments translate into historical differences in retirement adjustment quality. In the current study, we investigated historical differences in perceived retirement adjustment. We distinguished developments for blue-collar and white-collar workers to detect potentially increasing social inequalities. Our pre-registered analyses were based on data from four waves of the German Ageing Survey. The sample included n = 990 participants interviewed either 1996, 2002, 2008 or 2014, who retired in a five-year period before the respective interview (1991-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2008 and 2009-2014, respectively). Retirement adjustment was measured with three self-report items. Our preliminary results, based on multi-group structural equation modeling, do not provide evidence for a linear improvement or decline of retirement adjustment quality over historical time. White-collar worker reported better adjustment, but this effect was constant over historical time. Our results do not support ideas of fundamental historical differences or growing social inequalities in the individual experience of retirement.
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Hammarstrom, Olle, and Rianne Mahon. "Sweden: At the Turning Point?" Economic and Labour Relations Review 5, no. 2 (December 1994): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469400500203.
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The Swedish industrial relations system has undergone significant changes in the past decade, as employers have vigorously pursued a strategy to decentralise the collective bargaining process. Issues of co-worker agreements and pay equity dominated the 1993 bargaining round, with employers seeking to limit the unions' role to the enterprise level. Union membership levels, however, have remained high and there has been greater cooperation between blue and white collar union groups. The return of a Social Democratic led Government may see greater support for national agreements and representative forms of participation.
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Iverson, Roderick D., and Jacqueline A. Pullman. "Determinants of Voluntary Turnover and Layoffs in an Environment of Repeated Downsizing Following a Merger: An Event History Analysis." Journal of Management 26, no. 5 (October 2000): 977–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600510.
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In this study we formulate and test models of voluntary turnover and downsizing in a hospital undergoing workforce reduction following a merger. Targeted separation packages were primarily employed by the hospital in selecting departments and units as having surplus staff, as well as identifying individual employees. Determinants for the models were derived from the disparate disciplines of economics, sociology, and psychology, as well as demographic and reactions to change variables. Applying event history analysis to data from a sample of 415 hospital employees over a five year period, the results indicate that older, full-time employees, who were less absent, and had an acceptable workload, yet experienced lower co-worker support and responded negatively to the amalgamation of the hospital were more likely to be downsized. Conversely, employees who were younger, white-collar, intended to leave, and predisposed to the amalgamation were more likely to resign. In addition, the differential effects (based on discriminant function analysis) of the five categories of variables found that age, blue-collar, co-worker support, full-time, amalgamation, and work overload discriminated between the two forms of turnover. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Yun, YeongSam, and HtetMyet Sandy Kyaw. "The Reality and the Effect on Organizational Commitment of Myanmar Workers’ Consciousness: A Case of Blue Collar Worker in Manufacturing Industry." Institute of Management and Economy Research 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.10.3.201909.17.
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Baek, Yunseng, Minseok Kim, Gyu Ri Kim, and Eun-Cheol Park. "Cross-sectional study of the association between long working hours and pre-diabetes: 2010-2017 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e033579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033579.
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ObjectiveLong working hours have been shown to raise the risk of various health outcomes. However, epidemiological evidence has shown inconsistent result in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the association between long working hours and pre-diabetes among non-diabetic adults remains largely unexplored. We thus aimed to investigate whether long working hours were linked with pre-diabetes as determined by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsThis study included 6324 men and 4001 women without diabetes from the 2010 to 2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Primary outcome measuresThe study outcome of interest was pre-diabetes, defined as HbA1c values 5.7% to 6.4%ResultsLogistic regression was performed to obtain the ORs for pre-diabetes according to categories of work hour (40 hours/week, 41 to 52 hours/week, >52 hours/week), after adjusting for relevant covariates. Of the 10 325 eligible participants, 2261 (34.4%) men and 1317 (31.0%) women had pre-diabetes. No statistically significant relationship was found for women. In men, extended working hours (>52 hours per week) was associated with an increased likelihood of pre-diabetes, after adjustment for age, educational attainment, monthly household income, lifestyle related factors, perceived stress, family history of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and other covariates (adjusted OR=1.22; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.46). In the subgroup analysis by occupational categories, the association was only apparent among men in blue-collar worker groups.ConclusionExtended working hours were significantly related to pre-diabetes in men, with no statistically significant association observed for women. Further subgroup analysis by occupational categories revealed that the increased odds of pre-diabetes associated with long working hours was only apparent among male workers of blue-collar occupations and shift workers.
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Sorensen, Glorian, Jay S. Himmelstein, Mary Kay Hunt, Richard Youngstrom, James R. Hebert, S. Katharine Hammond, Ruth Palombo, Anne Stoddard, and Judith K. Ockene. "A Model for Worksite Cancer Prevention: Integration of Health Protection and Health Promotion in the WellWorks Project." American Journal of Health Promotion 10, no. 1 (September 1995): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.1.55.
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Objectives. To describe a theoretic approach and rationale for the integration of health protection and health promotion in worksite cancer prevention programs and to describe an intervention study designed to implement this integration. Methods. Twenty-four worksites were recruited to participate in this randomized, controlled study. The theoretically based intervention model integrates health promotion and health protection through (1) joint worker-management participation in program planning and implementation, (2) consultation on worksite changes, and (3) educational programs targeting health behavior change. Results. Although the primary purpose of this paper is to describe a theoretic approach to the integration of health promotion and health protection, preliminary results are also noted. In these predominantly manufacturing worksites, many workers faced the double jeopardy of exposures to occupational carcinogens and personal risks such as smoking or poor dietary habits. Production workers' job responsibilities frequently limited their full participation. Barriers to participation were identified early in the project, and strategies were developed to facilitate maximal worker involvement and worksite changes. Conclusions. Lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation or dietary changes may be more effectively promoted among blue collar audiences when programs also encourage management actions to reduce occupational exposures. Public health professionals trained in health promotion and health protection must work together to effectively address the health concerns of this population.
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Liben, Lynn S., Rebecca S. Bigler, and Holleen R. Krogh. "Pink and Blue Collar Jobs: Children's Judgments of Job Status and Job Aspirations in Relation to Sex of Worker." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 79, no. 4 (August 2001): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jecp.2000.2611.
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Werbner, Pnina. "“The Duty to Act Fairly”: Ethics, Legal Anthropology, and Labor Justice in the Manual Workers Union of Botswana." Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 2 (April 2014): 479–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417514000115.
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AbstractThis paper analyses the significance of the Botswana High Court and Court of Appeal judgments of a case in which the Manual Worker Union, a blue-collar public sector union, challenged the Botswana Government to reinstate dismissed workers with all their past benefits. I examine the role of public ethics and morality in Botswana as reflected in key notions used by High Court judges, such as “the duty to act fairly” and “legitimate expectations,” and argue that legal anthropologists have neglected such ideas, despite their having become a bedrock of contemporary judicial reasoning. While anthropology has shown a renewed interest in ethics, issues of public ethics and morality remain relatively unexplored in contemporary legal anthropological debates. One has to go back to the work of Max Gluckman on reasonableness in judicial decision-making among the Barotse to find foundational anthropological insights into the morality and ethics of law in non-Western societies. In the legally plural context of Botswana, notions of equity and fairness, this paper argues, “permeate” the legal landscape.
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Ruthven, Orlanda. "Getting Dividend from Demography: Skills Policy and Labour Management in Contemporary Indian Industry." Journal of South Asian Development 13, no. 3 (December 2018): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174118822398.
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This article is an analytical reflection based on a personal account of working with one of India’s new-generation vocational training and placement agencies implementing the government’s skills policy after its revamping in 2009. As the author struggles to search for decent jobs on behalf of trained candidates, she provides insights into the state of blue-collar jobs and the troubled relationships between company ‘human resources’ (HR) and industrial relations (IR) managers and their workforce. While the public programmes and policies referred to here are ostensibly about skill, the article reveals them to have quite a different purpose for industry: they offer ways by which employers can not only secure the flow of casual workers but also tie them in, thereby stabilizing their workforce in an era where the ‘permanent worker’ is no longer an acceptable or viable category. Presenting a backdrop of moral ambiguity and dilemma, the article highlights the disconnect between the declared intent of government ‘skills’ policy and the way in which it is actually realized, from the viewpoint of employer, student and vocational training provider.
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Şenel, Bilgin, Mine Şenel, and Gizem Aydemir. "Use And Comparison of Topis And Electre Methods In Personnel Selection." ITM Web of Conferences 22 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182201021.
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One of the most important function of human resources is personnel selection process. This process should be done professionally, in a short time and with minimum cost. After personnel selection process, performance of the hired person is very important for the permanence and success of the company. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to select a personnel among the candidates efficiently, with minimum cost and within a short time in one of the leading companies of Turkey in automotive sector. In order to select the right personnel all criterias which has great impact on blue collar worker selection was decided and these criterias are weighted. From the candidate pool of automotive company, appropriate candidates were selected by using TOPSIS AND ELECTRE method which are multi-criteria decision making methods
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Amaro, Joana, Mònica Ubalde-López, and Raquel Lucas. "History of work-related health problems in a population-based sample of women: An exploratory factor analysis." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203394.
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BACKGROUND: Beyond the health-enhancing effects, work also has the potential of causing or worsening different health conditions in the same individual. However, research on within-worker aggregation of work-related health problems is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To describe the history and aggregation of work-related health problems in a population-based sample of women. METHODS: A total of 4330 women were asked whether they had ever had “a physical or mental health problem that was caused or made worse by your work”. The aggregation of work-related health problems was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Five groups were identified. Factor 1 included all items on musculoskeletal disorders - lower socioeconomic position, higher BMI, smokers and history of occupational accidents. Factor 2 included mental disorders together with headache and/or eyestrain - higher socioeconomic position. Factor 3 included the other disorders item with some loading from digestive disorders - older and public sector workers. Factor 4 included respiratory disorders - lower socioeconomic position and history of occupational accidents. Factor 5 included hearing and ear problems - blue-collar workers. CONCLUSION: There was a relevant aggregation of work-related health problems, which may inform the selection of specific components for interventions that aim to improve women’s work-related health.
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Håkansson, Kristina, and Tommy Isidorsson. "Between two stools: occupational injuries and risk factors for temporary agency workers." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 9, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 340–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-07-2015-0038.
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Purpose Research shows that the risk of work-related disorders is higher among temporary agency workers than among other employees. The purpose of this paper is to describe the working conditions of temporary agency workers and explains which factors contribute towards work-related disorders for this group. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a survey responded to by 482 agency workers in Sweden. The dependent variable is the prevalence of work-related disorders. Independent variables include personal characteristics, job characteristics, employment characteristics and temporary agency work characteristics. Findings The study indicates several risk factors: holding a position as a blue-collar worker; being assigned to more physically demanding work tasks and having fewer opportunities to learn new things than client organization employees; lacking training for work tasks; and lacking clarity regarding which work tasks to do during an assignment. Originality/value The theoretical implications of this study are related to the dual employment-management relationship in temporary agency work where the temporary work agency and client organization follow different logics. The logic in the employment relationship is to contract temporary agency workers out to client organizations, thus there is no time for formal training. The logic in the management relationship lies in making temporary agency workers profitable as soon as possible, encouraging shortcuts in training and instruction; thus, temporary agency workers risk being left with a lack of clarity regarding what to do and how to do it.
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Rodriguez, Franciscsa S., Jan Spilski, Felix Hekele, Nils Ove Beese, and Thomas Lachmann. "Physical and cognitive demands of work in building construction." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 745–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-04-2019-0211.
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Purpose Investigating demands within an occupational context has always been an essential endeavor to guarantee worker well-being and performance efficiency. In blue-collar occupations, the physical demands of manual labor have always been the major focus, but recent technological changes may come with higher demands on the intellectual capacities of workers. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to assess physical and cognitive demands that construction workers face. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a quantitative study using standardized research instruments. Construction workers of three German construction companies were asked to volunteer to participate in interviews (n=35) and a survey (n=30) that assessed the extent of physical demands and a variety of cognitive demands experienced by construction workers. Findings The results suggest that construction work is demanding in physical terms as well as in perceptual, psychomotor, social and cognitive terms. Using and updating specialized knowledge, giving advice and providing consultation, friendliness, assertiveness and reliability are important demands among construction workers. Research limitations/implications Construction workers face an undervalued level of demands in their everyday work environment. As high demands can affect well-being and mental health, construction companies would greatly benefit from investing efforts into evaluating the multi-component demands profile of their workers and the impact on their health, in particular through the strongly increasing cognitive demands due to the ongoing digitization of the sector. Originality/value The study identified essential demands in construction work that are relevant for the workers’ productivity and well-being.
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Colombo, Emilio, and Luca Stanca. "The impact of training on productivity: evidence from a panel of Italian firms." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 1140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2012-0121.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of training activity on labor productivity in a panel of Italian firms. Design/methodology/approach – The use of a large panel data of individual firms allows the author to properly account for the possible endogeneity of training activity and avoid aggregation biases typical in industry-level data. Findings – The paper finds that training has a positive and significant impact on productivity. While unobserved heterogeneity leads to overestimate the impact of training, failing to account for the endogeneity of training leads to underestimate its effects on productivity. Within occupational groups, training has large and significant effects for blue-collar workers, while the effects for executives and clerks are relatively small. Finally, using a measure of effective training intensity the paper finds that failing to account for training duration may lead to underestimate the effect of training on productivity. Originality/value – Our data set is unique in terms of size and coverage and overcomes several limitations of previous research using firm-level data. Moreover, besides estimating the overall effect of training on productivity, the paper allows to address some more specific questions. Does the effect of training depend on the type of worker being trained? What is the relevance of effective participation to training activity?
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Juravich, Tom. "Organizing the Organized: Trade Union Renewal, Organizational Change and Worker Activism in Metropolitan America and Working Class: Challenging Myths about Blue-Collar Labor." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 43, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306114545742c.
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Mahy, Benoît, François Rycx, and Mélanie Volral. "Are workers less absent when wage dispersion is small?" International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of wage dispersion on sickness absenteeism observed in Belgian firms. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use detailed linked employer-employee panel data for the period 1999-2006 that allow the authors to compute a conditional wage dispersion indicator following the Winter-Ebmer and Zweimüller (1999) methodology and to estimate the relationship between sickness absenteeism and wage dispersion while controlling for time-invariant workplace characteristics. Findings – The authors find a positive and hump-shaped relationship between intra-firm wage dispersion and sickness absenteeism, the turning point of this relation being extremely high. In addition, the magnitude of the influence of wage dispersion on sickness absenteeism is found to be stronger in firms employing a larger share of blue-collar workers. Practical implications – The results could therefore suggest that wage dispersion, suggestive of larger pay-for-performance mechanisms, decreases worker satisfaction and the workplace climate in general. Only a minority of workers, who are less sensitive to equity and cohesion considerations, would be less absent as pay-for-performance increases. Originality/value – While numerous approaches analyse the link between wage dispersion and firm productivity, very few studies we are aware of are devoted to the relationship between wage dispersion and sickness absenteeism. Yet, the outcomes in terms of productivity and sickness absenteeism may be different. Furthermore, the influence of wage dispersion on sickness absenteeism does not seem unambiguous from a theoretical point of view. To the authors knowledge, it is the first time that this relation is analysed with Belgian data.
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Hennida, Citra. "The Success of Handling COVID-19 in Singapore: The Case of the Migrant Worker Cluster and the Economic Recession." Jurnal Global & Strategis 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.2.2020.241-256.
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Artikel ini berfokus pada strategi penanganan COVID-19 di Singapura. Singapura adalah satu negara yang dianggap sukses dalam penanganan COVID-19. Dengan menggunakan analisis kapasitas kebijakan publik dan pegumpulan data selama Januari–Juli 2020, artikel ini menemukan bahwa ada tiga hal yang mendorong keberhasilan Singapura, yaitu: sistem mitigasi bencana kesehatan yang responsif dan efisien; legitimasi pemerintah yang tinggi; dan modal sosial di masyarakat yang pernah mengalami pandemi SARS. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa sistem mitigasi bencana kesehatan hanya berlaku maksimal untuk warga lokal, sedangkan warga asing khususnya para pekerja migran kerah biru tidak banyak dijangkau. Klaster asrama pekerja migran adalah klaster terbanyak ditemukan kasus COVID-19 dan lebih dari 90 persen kasus nasional berasal dari kelompok ini. Temuan lainnya adalah jatuhnya Singapura pada resesi dengan pertumbuhan minus 13,2 persen di kuartal kedua tahun 2020. Kebijakan stimulus fiskal dan moneter yang diberikan tidak mampu mendorong pertumbuhan karena ekonomi Singapura yang dependen terhadap ekonomi global; dominasi sektor transportasi, jasa, dan pariwisata Singapura adalah sektor-sektor yang paling terdampak akibat pandemi. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19, mitigasi bencana kesehatan, pekerja migran, resesi, SingapuraThis article focuses on Singapore's strategies for dealing with COVID-19. Singapore is considered as a successful country in handling COVID-19. Using an analysis of public policy capacity and data collection within January-July 2020, this article finds three driving factors for Singapore's success: a responsive and efficient health disaster mitigation system; a high legitimacy in the government; and society's experience with the SARS epidemic. This article also finds that the health disaster mitigation system only applies optimally to permanent residents. While foreigners, mostly blue-collar migrant workers, are not widely reached. The migrant worker dormitory cluster is a cluster with the highest number of COVID-19 cases detected, which makes up to 90 percent of national cases. Other findings include Singapore's inevitable recession, with a minus 13.2 percent of the economic growth in the second quarter of 2020. The fiscal and monetary stimulus policies provided were not able to boost the economic growth because Singapore's economy depended on the global economy; the dominance of the transportation, service, and tourism sectors Singapore were most affected by the pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, health disaster mitigation, migrant workers, recession, Singapore
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Sagers, Jill. "Blue Collar Workers, Iowa." Iowa Journal of Cultural Studies 1994, no. 13 (1994): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/2168-569x.1170.
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Pugh, Nancy S. "Educating Blue Collar Workers." AAOHN Journal 40, no. 9 (September 1992): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999204000902.
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The nurse who meets with workers to share practical information about safe work practices, health maintenance, and home safety has the privilege of working to make a difference in their lives. On each return visit to the workplace, the messages can be strengthened and reinforced by using appropriate intervention strategies. The workplace offers a fertile field for effective health education for blue collar workers. Health education can provide useful information and develop within blue collar workers a sense of empowerment that they have the capacity to develop and use improved health behaviors. Education based on workers’ value system, interests, and strengths will be the most likely to influence lifestyle choices.
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Mattisson, Irene, Elisabet Wirfält, Carin Andrén Aronsson, Peter Wallström, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, and Göran Berglund. "Misreporting of energy: prevalence, characteristics of misreporters and influence on observed risk estimates in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 5 (November 2005): 832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051573.
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The present study investigates the prevalence of misreporting of energy in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, and examines anthropometric, socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics of the misreporters. Further, the influence of excluding misreporters on risk estimates of post-menopausal breast cancer was examined. Information of reported energy intake (EI) was obtained from a modified diet history method. A questionnaire provided information on lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics. Individual physical activity level (PAL) was calculated from self-reported information on physical activity at work, leisure time physical activity and household work, and from estimates of hours of sleeping, self-care and passive time. Energy misreporting was defined as having a ratio of EI to BMR outside the 95% CI limits of the calculated PAL. Logistic regression analysed the risk of being a low-energy reporter or a high-energy reporter. Almost 18% of the women and 12% of the men were classified as low-energy reporters, 2·8% of the women and 3·5% of the men were classified as high-energy reporters. In both genders high BMI, large waist circumference, short education and being a blue-collar worker were significantly associated with low-energy reporting. High-energy reporting was significantly associated with low BMI, living alone and current smoking. The results add support to the practice of energy adjustment as a means to reduce the influence of errors in risk assessment.
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Fox, Kathy C. "Nurses as Blue Collar Workers." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 17, no. 5 (May 1986): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-198605000-00003.
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Aro, Seppo, Leena Räsänen, and Risto Telama. "Social Class and Changes in Health-Related Habits in Finland in 1973–1983." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 14, no. 1 (March 1986): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488601400107.
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The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the “official” recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the “inequalities” still persisted.