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Journal articles on the topic 'Blown film'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Białasz, Sebastian, and Łukasz Garbacz. "Characteristics of producing of the polymer films in blow film extrusion process." Mechanik 92, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2019.4.31.

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In the article specification of blown film extrusion process of thermoplastics was presented. Methods of extrusion subject to products with determine characteristic received in the process where characteristic. In the research, extrusion blow molding process used polyethylene film PE-LD Malen-E were used. Extensive studies of the extrusion process and selected properties of polymer films were used.

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2

Neubert, Benedikt, Christoph Dohm, Johannes Wortberg, and Marius Janßen. "A process-oriented scale-up/scale-down strategy for industrial blown film processes: Theory and experiments." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 3 (November 29, 2017): 324–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087917741926.

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To gain a competitive edge in developing innovative products, new multi-layer film manufacturers need to know whether laboratory-scale blown film line results reliably translate to large-scale production. This, however, is not always the case: Transferring process conditions and getting equal final film properties are not ensured. To address this problem, this paper presents a scale-independent scale-up/scale-down strategy to produce films with consistently similar properties regardless of a plant’s size and design. A second aim is to prove this strategy is applicable by comparing the reference and experimental film mechanical properties. Here, experimental scale-down runs were carried out based on a process-oriented scale-up/scale-down strategy for the blown film process. An industrial production process (>800 kg/h), successfully transferred to a laboratory-scale blown film line, was used as the reference. The introduced process-oriented scale-up/scale-down is based on geometric and dynamic similarity. In this context, blow-up ratio, draw-down ratio and process time have been identified as major scale-up/scale-down variables. Unlike existing scale-up strategies, the process-oriented approach is more flexible in practice. Film mechanical properties taken from the experimental runs were determined by tensile and puncture resistance tests. The compared results confirmed that process-oriented scale-up/scale-down is feasible for the applied material and under the existing plant-specific restrictions. The comparison indicated that most film properties produced on the laboratory-scale plant were comparable to those from the high-capacity blown film line.

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3

Wang, M. D., and M. Cakmak. "Basic Studies on Development of Structure Hierarchy in Tubular Film Blown Dynamically Vulcanized PP/EPDM Blend." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 761–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547652.

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Abstract The processing characteristics and structural hierarchy development in a tubular blown, dynamically vulcanized polypropylene/ethylene—propylene—diene monomer rubber (PP/EPDM) blends were investigated. The semi-crystalline PP phase exhibited a* and c-axis orientations with the a* oriented populations dominating low draw-down ratio (DDR) conditions. At high DDR, both a* and c-axis oriented populations were observed. Little or no preferential orientation was detected in the discrete EPDM phase using dichroism studies. The blown films were found to exhibit an unusual asymmetric structure: The PP phase was found to fibrillate at the outside surface while the inner surface remained relatively featureless. This was attributed to disproportionately rapid cooling of the outside surface by the air stream blown externally onto the film being extruded. This, in turn, resulted in solidification of very thin PP surface layers that caused their fibrillation under the heavy stresses they had to endure. Increasing the blow-up ratio was found to expand this web-like surface texture. As a result of this fibrillation mechanism, the increase of both the blow-up ratio and draw-down ratio was found to reduce the mechanical properties.

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4

Norgia, Michele, and Alessandro Pesatori. "Interferometric Instrument for Thickness Measurement on Blown Films." Photonics 8, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070245.

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Real-time measurement of plastic film thickness during production is extremely important to guarantee planarity of the final film. Standard techniques are based on capacitive measurements, in close contact with the film. These techniques require continuous calibration and temperature compensation, while their contact can damage the film. Different optical contactless techniques are described in literature, but none has found application to real production, due to the strong vibration of the films. We propose a new structure of low-coherence fiber interferometer able to measure blown film thickness during productions. The novel fiber-optic setup is a cross between an autocorrelator and a white light interferometer, taking the advantages of both approaches.

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5

Zuo, Jian Dong, Shu Mei Liu, and Jian Qing Zhao. "Properties of HDPE/UHMWPE Blown Films." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.239.

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HDPE and UHMWPE were blended in the twin screws extruder with two kinds of screws scheme and the HDPE/UHMWPE films were prepared in the blown film extruder. The mechanical properties, rheological property and crystallization behavior of the blends were discussed. The results showed that UHMWPE could improve the mechanical properties of HDPE film, but made the melt torque of the blends increase. The surface morphology and crystallization behavior of the blends were observed by polarized light microscope. It was found that the dispersion and molten degree of UHMWPE in the blends made by the screws scheme B were improved greatly.

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6

Strater, K. F., and J. M. Dealy. "Countercurrent cooling of blown film." Polymer Engineering and Science 27, no. 18 (October 1987): 1380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271805.

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7

Knittel, Rick. "Blown Film Bubble Collapsing Improvement." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798700300104.

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8

Chang, Jiang Ping, Hong Li Li, Ying Jie Zhang, Guo Xian Zhou, and Ming Long Yuan. "The Structure and Properties Research on Poly(Lactide-Co-Trimethylene Carbonate) Film Prepared by Blow Molding." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1930.

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The poly (lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) copolymers are prepared by ring opening polymerization and catalyzed by SnOct and their films are prepared by blow molding. The 1HNMR study demonstrates that PLA-PTMC copolymers were successfully obtained and the graft way is A-B model. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films decreases with the increasing TMC content due to the formation of denser structure. The mechanical measurement reveals that the tensile strength of blown films has been declined with the increasing TMC content, but the elongation at break is improved and the tensile strength can be satisfied for the requirement of film product. Therefore, the copolymer film will be great prospect in the application of food and beverage packing.

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9

Auksornkul, Suthakarn, Siriwat Soontaranon, Chonthicha Kaewhan, and Pattarapan Prasassarakich. "Effect of the blow-up ratio on morphology and engineering properties of three-layered linear low-density polyethylene blown films." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087917698195.

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A series of linear low-density polyethylene films were produced using a three-layer co-extrusion machine. How the blow-up ratio and resin characteristics affected the final film morphology and engineering properties were studied. The crystalline morphology and orientation during the blown film process of the low-density polyethylene film were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the blow-up ratio increased the transverse direction molecular orientation and decreased the machine direction orientation. The resulting low-density polyethylene morphology was a regular lamellar stacking parallel to the machine direction. The film morphology strongly influenced the mechanical properties. Increasing the blow-up ratio from 1.7 to 2.8 decreased the machine direction tensile strength by 14% and increased the transverse direction tensile strength up to 27% for both the low-density polyethylene/1-butene and low-density polyethylene/1-octene co-monomers, while the machine direction tear strength increased up to 36% and the transverse direction decreased by 16%. Moreover, the first and second heating characteristics from differential scanning calorimeter showed the inherent crystallinity change with increasing blow-up ratio for both the low-density polyethylene/1-octene and the low-density polyethylene/1-butene copolymer. The crystalline orientation changes induced with increasing blow-up ratio affected the film water vapor and oxygen permeability.

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10

Feistkorn, W. "Automatic Blown Film Dies for High Quality Film." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798900500103.

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11

Kim, Do Young, Jae Bin Lee, Dong Yun Lee, and Kwan Ho Seo. "Plasticization Effect of Poly(Lactic Acid) in the Poly(Butylene Adipate–co–Terephthalate) Blown Film for Tear Resistance Improvement." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091904.

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The mechanical properties and tear resistance of an ecofriendly flexible packaging film, i.e., poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate–co–terephthalate) (PBAT) film, were investigated via a blown film extrusion process. The application of PLA and PBAT in product packaging is limited due to the high brittleness, low stiffness, and incompatibility of the materials. In this study, the effects of various plasticizers, such as adipate, adipic acid, glycerol ester, and adipic acid ester, on the plasticization of PLA and fabrication of the PLA/PBAT blown film were comprehensively evaluated. It was determined that the plasticizer containing ether and ester functionalities (i.e., adipic acid ester) improved the flexibility of PLA as well as its compatibility with PBAT. It was found that the addition of the plasticizer effectively promoted chain mobility of the PLA matrix. Moreover, the interfacial adhesion between the plasticized PLA domain and PBAT matrix was enhanced. The results of the present study demonstrated that the plasticized PLA/PBAT blown film prepared utilizing a blown film extrusion process exhibited improved tear resistance, which increased from 4.63 to 8.67 N/mm in machine direction and from 13.19 to 16.16 N/mm in the transverse direction.

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12

Carneiro, O. S., J. A. Covas, and C. Domingues. "Bi-axially Oriented Blown Film Technology." International Polymer Processing 27, no. 3 (July 2012): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2538.

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13

Campbell, G. A., N. T. Obot, and B. Cao. "Aerodynamics in the blown film process." Polymer Engineering and Science 32, no. 11 (June 1992): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760321107.

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14

Sidiropoulos, V., and J. Vlachopoulos. "Numerical Simulation of Blown Film Cooling." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 21, no. 7 (May 2002): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684402021007027.

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15

Veazey, Earl W. "High Performance Lldpe Blown Film Equipment." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798500100110.

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16

DeJonghe, Richard J. "Thermal Analysis of Blown Film Quenching." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798600200103.

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17

Ramamurthy, A. V. "LLDPE rheology and blown film fabrication." Advances in Polymer Technology 6, no. 4 (1986): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1986.060060406.

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18

Sidiropoulos, V., and J. Vlachopoulos. "Temperature gradients in blown film bubbles." Advances in Polymer Technology 24, no. 2 (2005): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.20039.

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19

Carl Pirkle, J., and Richard D. Braatz. "Dynamic modeling of blown-film extrusion." Polymer Engineering & Science 43, no. 2 (February 2003): 398–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10033.

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20

Hebert, S. J., C. Tzoganakis, and J. Perdikoulias. "Blown Film Extrusion of Post-Consumer Recycled Lldpe Film." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 9, no. 4 (October 1993): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799300900402.

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21

Puccini, Monica, Maurizia Seggiani, Domenico Castiello, Gianluigi Calvanese, and Sandra Vitolo. "Novel Thermoplastic Materials from Wastes of the Leather Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.41.

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Hydrolyzed collagen from leather industry is a natural polymer easily available at low cost and its use is not in competition with food industries or other main applications because it is a waste material and a by-product of the tanning process. In this work, polyethylene-collagen hydrolizate blends, at ratios of 100/0, 90/10 and 80/20, were processed using a blow film line equipped with a single screw extruder. Film blowing is a shaping technique used extensively to produce most plastics films and bags for packaging applications. The effect of processing parameters on the physical properties of blown films was investigated. The extruded films were characterized through mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The manufactured films showed satisfactory mechanical and thermal properties, thus polyethylene-collagen hydrolizate blends appears as promising candidate for the production of innovative material suitable for production of thermoplastic items for applications in packaging and agricultural segments.

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22

Li, Xue Zhong, and Zhi Yu Xie. "Study on Application of PLC and Inverter in Blown Film Extrusion Production Line Control System." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.151.

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Through analysis of the blown film extrusion production line process, according to the extrusion machine temperature, speed and membrane bubble cooling and tension control, and other aspects of control characteristics, using Mitsubishi FX2N series Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and INVT inverter as an example, this paper expounds the application in the blown film extrusion production line control system.

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23

Butler, Thomas I., and Rajen Patel. "Blown Film Bubble Forming and Quenching Effects On Film Properties." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 9, no. 3 (July 1993): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799300900303.

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24

Yoon, K. S., and C. W. Park. "Stability of a Blown Film Extrusion Process." International Polymer Processing 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1565.

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25

Cao, B., and G. A. Campbell. "Air Ring Effect on Blown Film Dynamics." International Polymer Processing 4, no. 2 (May 1989): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.890114.

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26

Kurtz, S. J. "Relationship of Stresses in Blown-film Processes." International Polymer Processing 10, no. 2 (May 1995): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.950148.

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27

Bennett, James Cameron, John Shepherd, and William Blyth. "Temperature effects in the blown Newtonian film." ANZIAM Journal 49 (December 20, 2007): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v49i0.354.

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28

J. P. Pontaza, J. N. Reddy. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TUBULAR BLOWN FILM PROCESSING." Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 37, no. 3 (February 25, 2000): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/104077800274271.

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29

Oh, Jang-Hoon. "Blown Film Extrusion of LLDPE/LDPE Blends." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 18, no. 7 (May 1999): 662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449901800707.

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30

Dowd, Laurence E. "Air Ring Selection for Blown Packaging Film." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 1, no. 3 (July 1985): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798500100306.

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31

Veazey, E. W., and N. Barrera. "Blown Film Extrusion Optimization-Control and Screws." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 7, no. 3 (July 1991): 190–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799100700304.

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32

Mistretta, Maria Chiara, Luigi Botta, Rossella Arrigo, Francesco Leto, Giulio Malucelli, and Francesco Paolo La Mantia. "Bionanocomposite Blown Films: Insights on the Rheological and Mechanical Behavior." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071167.

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In this work, bionanocomposites based on two different types of biopolymers belonging to the MaterBi® family and containing two kinds of modified nanoclays were compounded in a twin-screw extruder and then subjected to a film blowing process, aiming at obtaining sustainable films potentially suitable for packaging applications. The preliminary characterization of the extruded bionanocomposites allowed establishing some correlations between the obtained morphology and the material rheological and mechanical behavior. More specifically, the morphological analysis showed that, regardless of the type of biopolymeric matrix, a homogeneous nanofiller dispersion was achieved; furthermore, the established biopolymer/nanofiller interactions caused a restrain of the dynamics of the biopolymer chains, thus inducing a significant modification of the material rheological response, which involves the appearance of an apparent yield stress and the amplification of the elastic feature of the viscoelastic behavior. Besides, the rheological characterization under non-isothermal elongational flow revealed a marginal effect of the embedded nanofillers on the biopolymers behavior, thus indicating their suitability for film blowing processing. Additionally, the processing behavior of the bionanocomposites was evaluated and compared to that of similar systems based on a low-density polyethylene matrix: this way, it was possible to identify the most suitable materials for film blowing operations. Finally, the assessment of the mechanical properties of the produced blown films documented the potential exploitation of the selected materials for packaging applications, also at an industrial level.

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33

Glasser, Wolfgang, Robert Loos, Blair Cox, and Nhiem Cao. "Melt-blown compostable polyester films with lignin." March 2017 16, no. 03 (2017): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.3.111.

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Compostable films for such uses as packaging and agricultural soil covering materials were first produced on commercial scale from blends of biodegradable polyesters and a modified kraft lignin. The lignin consisted of an industrial product isolated according to the LignoBoost process. The lignin modification involved homogeneous phase reaction with propylene oxide, and the films were melt-blown from a pelletized compound consisting of up to a 30% blend of lignin derivative with commercial biodegradable polyester. The 12–93 μm thick films combined the characteristics of lignin as modulus-building and environmentally degradable polymer with those of the strength-building thermoplastic polyester. Although the modified lignin paralleled the behavior of native lignin in wood by resisting rapid and full conversion to carbon dioxide in a simulated composting environment, two thirds of the film mass biodegraded within 12 weeks of composting, with the remainder turning into (humus-like) water-soluble solids and particles <2 mm in size. The lignin derivatives suffered from the release of trace amounts of malodorous volatiles containing reduced sulfur when subjected to melt-blowing. The objectionable odor was virtually unnoticeable in injection-molded solid parts.

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34

Tharasawatpipat, Chaisri, Jittiporn Kruenate, Kowit Suwannahong, and Torpong Kreetachat. "Modification of Titanium Dioxide Embedded in the Bio-Composite Film for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.37.

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This research aimed to apply the Blown Film Extrusion technique to synthesize the titanium dioxide (TiO2) bio-composite films incorporated on a thin film as a photocatalyst. The biopolymer materials have great recognition via their renewable and biodegradable characteristic and the green composite has been a new challenge path to replace traditional polymer composite. In this work, TiO2/Polybutylene succinate (PBS) bio-composite film was developed to be used as a supporter for determining the photocatalytic oxidation activity of the TiO2 on the chlorinated volatile organic compounds degradation. PBS is a synthetic biopolymer which has a reasonable mechanical strength. The modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite films were studied to evaluate the degradation of dichloromethane. In order to improve the distribution of the developed photocatalyst, the TiO2 powders were modified by 0.05% mole of ethyl triethoxysilane (ETES) and stearic acid (SA), respectively. The 10% wt. TiO2/PBS bio-composite films with thickness of 30 μm were prepared by blown film technique. To evaluate the dispersion efficacy, the modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite films were characterized by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane in gas phase was determined using an annular closed system photoreactor. The obtained result which was corresponding to the absorption of TiO2/PBS bio composites film was investigated in a range of 300-400 nm via UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The energy band gap of TiO2, ethyl triethoxysilane-TiO2 and stearic acid-TiO2 bio-composite film was found to be 3.18, 3.21, and 3.26 eV, respectively. The SEM shows that the modified-TiO2 with both ETES and SA exhibit uniform dispersion, while the only TiO2 shows an evidence of agglomeration in the PBS matrix. For photocatalyst efficiency, the photocatalytic activity of modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film increased comparing to the TiO2/PBS bio-composite film. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane by ETES-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film yielded degradation efficiency of 47.0%, whereas SA-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film yielded the removal efficiency of 41.0% for detention time at 350 min.

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35

Yoon, K. S., and C. W. Park. "Stability of a two-layer blown film coextrusion." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 89, no. 1-2 (February 2000): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(99)00032-4.

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36

Shepherd, J. J., and J. C. Bennett. "Interior layer structure in the Newtonian blown film." ANZIAM Journal 46 (September 1, 2005): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v46i0.993.

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37

Pelcz, A., T. Illes, and Z. Horvath. "DR-Pack: A Revolution in Blown Film Technology." International Polymer Science and Technology 33, no. 3 (March 2006): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0603300303.

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38

Sidiropoulos, V., P. E. Wood, and J. Vlachopoulos. "The Aerodynamics of Cooling of Blown Film Bubbles." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 18, no. 6 (April 1999): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449901800605.

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39

Lusignea, Richard W. "Orientation of LCP blown film with rotating dies." Polymer Engineering & Science 39, no. 12 (December 1999): 2326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11621.

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40

Cao, Bangshu, and Gregory A. Campbell. "Viscoplastic-elastic modeling of tubular blown film processing." AIChE Journal 36, no. 3 (March 1990): 420–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360311.

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41

Cantor, Kirk M., and Ian R. Harrison. "Optimizing blown film polyethylene using a merit function." Polymer Engineering and Science 30, no. 19 (October 1990): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301904.

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42

Yoon, K. S., and C. W. Park. "Analysis of isothermal two-layer blown film coextrusion." Polymer Engineering and Science 32, no. 23 (December 1992): 1771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322306.

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43

Taylor, Joe, and Mike Koyich. "Effects of Degradable Additives On Blown Film Properties." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 6, no. 1 (January 1990): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799000600107.

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44

Cooke, D. L., and M. Koyich. "Lldpe Resins for High Output Blown Film Extrusion." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 7, no. 4 (October 1991): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799100700404.

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45

Demay, Yves, and Didier Clamond. "A new model for the blown film process." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 339, no. 11 (November 2011): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2011.07.005.

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46

Sikora, Janusz, Łukasz Majewski, and Andrzej Puszka. "Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties: Part I." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081986.

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This paper presents a characterization of a plastic extrusion process and the selected properties of three biodegradable plastic types, in comparison with LDPE (low-density polyethylene). The four plastics include: LDPE, commercial name Malen E FABS 23-D022; potato starch based plastic (TPS-P), BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C), BioComp®BF 01HP; and a polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA), BioComp®BF 7210. Plastic films with determined geometric parameters (thickness of the foil layer and width of the flattened foil sleeve) were produced from these materials (at individually defined processing temperatures), using blown film extrusion, by applying different extrusion screw speeds. The produced plastic films were tested to determine the geometrical features, MFR (melt flow rate), blow-up ratio, draw down ratio, mass flow rate, and exit velocity. The tests were complemented by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and chemical structure analysis. It was found that the biodegradable films were extruded at higher rate and mass flow rate than LDPE; the lowest thermal stability was ascertained for the film samples extruded from TPS-C and TPS-P, and that all tested biodegradable plastics contained polyethylene.

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47

Jiang, Yuanping, Cong Yan, Kai Wang, Dawei Shi, Zhengying Liu, and Mingbo Yang. "Super-Toughed PLA Blown Film with Enhanced Gas Barrier Property Available for Packaging and Agricultural Applications." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101663.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) holds enormous potential as an alternative to the ubiquitous petroleum-based plastics to be used in packaging film and agricultural film. However, the poor viscoelastic behavior and its extremely low melt strength means it fails to meet the requirements in film blowing processing, which is the most efficient film processing method with the lowest costs. Also, the PLA’s brittleness and insufficient gas barrier properties also seriously limit PLA’s potential application as a common film material. Herein, special stereocomplex (SC) networks were introduced to improve the melt strength and film blowing stability of PLA; polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced to improve PLA’s toughness and gas barrier properties. Compared with neat poly(l-lactide) acid (PLLA), modified PLA is stable in the film blowing process and its film elongation at break increases more than 18 times and reaches over 250%, and its O2 permeability coefficient decreased by 61%. The resulting film material also has good light transmittance, which has great potential for green packaging applications, such as disposable packaging and agricultural films.

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He, He Zhi, Shi Ming Liu, Lan Ya Cheng, Yi Ping Ni, Feng Xue, Bin Xue, Zhao Xia Huang, et al. "Blown Film of m-LLDPE Using a Novel Eccentric Rotor Extruder." Key Engineering Materials 783 (October 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.783.28.

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Abstract:

Metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (m-LLDPE) has superior physical and mechanical properties. While, the film blowing processability of m-LLDPE was very poor when processed under shear flow. To overcome this drawback, a novel device based on elongational flow was self-developed to process m-LLDPE. In order to investigate the effect of elongational flow on the processability improvement of m-LLDPE, five types PE were studied in this paper. All kinds of PE were prepared using this novel device and traditional single-screw extruder with molecular weight and its distribution, mechanical properties and WAXD characterization. Gel Pemeation Chromotographer (GPC) data shows that molecular weight of each resin prepared using this novel eccentric rotor extruder (ERE) is higher than that processed by traditional single screw extruder (SSE). Mechanical properties showed that tensile properties of all kinds of films blowing from ERE is better than the one from SSE. However, tear properties of m-LLDPE films made from ERE differ from LDPE or LLDPE. And had a relative low value than the one made from SSE. In addition, Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) results indicate that films blowing from ERE exist a partially ordered component in addition to the usual crystalline and amorphous components which can’t be achieved from SSE.

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Kale, Vivek, Kalpesh Jani, Satish Awate, R. Rangaprasad, and Yatish Vasudeo. "Blown Films from Linear Low Density Polyethylene Incorporating Biodegradable Additive." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 2 (February 2003): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100208.

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Abstract:

Environmental concerns are now driving additive suppliers and polymer resin manufacturers to step up efforts to create innovative materials for the future. In the present work, a “biodegradable” additive/promoter was incorporated into a butene-based linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) at different levels. The properties of the blown films derived therefrom were investigated. In the first step the “degradation additive/promoter” was converted into a 50% masterbatch in LLDPE. In the second step, this concentrate was let down at 5, 10, 15 and 20% level in a butene-based film grade LLDPE. The properties of the films were characterized. In the third step, the films were subjected to “real-time” degradation tests; using natural soil and under vermicompost conditions. Films subjected to degradation under vermicompost conditions have shown encouraging results. After 3 months, the films containing 15 and 20% additive were found to have disintegrated to a practically unusable form.

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Han, Jung Gu, and Seung Joon Park. "Fabrication of PBAT/polyethylene blends mulching film via blown film extrusion process." Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 32, no. 1 (February 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13367-020-0009-2.

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