Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Blow off'

This thesis describes an experimental investigation of the flame structure close to the extinction and the blow-off events of non-premixed and spray flames stabilized on an axisymmetric bluff body in a confined swirl configuration. The comparison of flames of different canonical types in the same basic aerodynamic field allows insights on the relative blow-off behaviour. The first part of the thesis describes several velocity measurements in non-reacting and reacting flows. The main usefulness of this data is to provide the aerodynamic flow pattern and some discussion on the velocity field and the related recirculation zones. The velocity and turbulence information obtained are particularly useful for providing data, which is crucial for validation of computational models. The second part describes an experimental investigation of non-premixed stable flames very close to the blow-off condition. The measurements included visualisation of the blow-off transient with 5 kHz OH* chemiluminescence, which allowed a quantification of the average duration of the blow-off transient. OH-PLIF images at 5 kHz for flames far from and close to extinction showed that the non-premixed flame intermittently lifts-off the bluff body, with increasing probability as the fuel velocity increases. The flame sheet shows evidence of localised extinctions, which are more pronounced as approaching blow-off. The measurements include blow-off limits and their attempted correlation. It was found that a correlation based on a Damkohler number does a reasonable job at collapsing the dataset. The final part examines the blow-off behaviour of swirling spray flames for two different fuels: n-heptane and n-decane. The measurements include blow-off limits and their att~mpted correlation, visualisation of the blow-off transient with 5 kHz OH* chemiluminescence, and the quantification of the average duration of the blow-off transient. It was found that the average duration of the blow-off event is in order of the tens of ms for both spray flames (10-16 ms). The blow-off event is therefore a relatively slow process for the spray ~ames using n-heptane and decane fuels. This suggests that control measures, such as fast fuel injection, coupled with appropriate detection, such as with chemiluminescence monitoring, may have a reasonable chance of success in keeping the flame alight very close to the blow-off limit. These results, together with those obtained for the non-premixed gaseous case form a wide body of experimental data available for the validation of turbulent flame models. The quantification of some properties during the blow-off transient can assist studies of extinction based on large-eddy simulation that have a promise of capturing combustion transients.

The evolution of injection processes toward more fuel efficient and less polluting combustion systems tend to make them more prone to critical events such as Thermo-Acoustic Instabilities, Blow-Off and Flash-Back. Moreover, the addition of Di-Hydrogen as a secondary or as the main fuel is in discussion by aeronautical engines manufacturers. It drastically modifies the stability of the system and thus raise several interrogations concerning the multiplicity of its use. Being able to predict critical phenomena becomes a necessity in order to efficiently operate a system without having to pre-test every configuration and without sacrificing the safety of the user. Based on Deep Learning techniques and more specifically Speech Recognition, the following study presents the steps to develop a tool able to successfully detect and translate precursors of instability of an aeronautical grade swirled injector confined in a tubular combustion chamber. The promising results obtained lead to proposals for future transpositions to real-size systems.
Utvecklingen av injektionsprocesser mot mer bränsleeffektiva och mindre förorenande förbränningssystem, tenderar att göra dem mer benägna att utsättas för kritiska händelser som Thermo-Acoustic Instabilities, Blow-Off och Flash-Back. Dessutom diskuterar flygmotorkonstruktörer möjligheten att använda Dihydrogen som sekundärt eller som huvudbränsle. Det modifierar drastiskt systemets stabilitet och det väcker frågan hur man kan använda det effektivt. Att kunna förutsäga kritiska fenomen blir en nödvändighet för att använda ett system utan att behöva att på förhand testa varje konfiguration och utan att reducera användarens säkerhet. Baserat på Deep-Learning-tekniker och Speech-Recognition-tekniker, presenterar följande studie stegen för att utveckla ett verktyg som kan upptäcka och översätta föregångare till instabilitet hos en swirled flygmotorerinsprutningspump som är innesluten i en förbränningskammare. De lovande resultaten leder till idéer om hur man kan anpassa det här verktyg till ett system i verklig storlek.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-201).
High-fidelity multi-scale simulation tools are critically important for examining energy conversion processes in which the coupling of complex chemical kinetics, molecular transport, continuum mixing and acoustics play important roles. The objectives of this thesis are: (i) to develop a state-of-the-art numerical approach to capture the wide spectra of spatio-temporal scales associated with reacting flows around immersed boundaries, and (ii) to use this tool to investigate the underlying mechanisms of flame stabilization and blow-off in canonical configurations. A second-order immersed boundary method for reacting flow simulations near heat conducting, grid conforming, solid object has been developed. The method is coupled with a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) framework and a semi-implicit operator-split projection algorithm. The immersed boundary approach captures the flame-wall interactions. The SAMR framework and the operator-split algorithm resolve several decades of length and time efficiently. A novel "buffer zone" methodology is introduced to impose the solid-fluid boundary conditions such that symmetric derivatives and interpolation stencils can be used throughout the interior of the domain, thereby maintaining the order of accuracy of the method. Near an immersed solid boundary, single-sided buffer zones are used to resolve the species discontinuities, and dual buffer zones are used to capture the temperature gradient discontinuities. This eliminates the need to utilize artificial flame anchoring boundary conditions used in existing state-of-the-art numerical methods. As such, using this approach, it is possible for the first time to analyze the complex and subtle processes near walls that govern flame stabilization. The approach can resolve the flow around multiple immersed solids using coordinate conforming representation, making it valuable for future research investigating a variety of multi-physics reacting flows while incorporating flame-wall interactions, such as catalytic and plasma interactions. Using the numerical method, limits on flame stabilization in two canonical configurations: bluff-body and perforated-plate, were investigated and the underlying physical mechanisms were elucidated. A significant departure from the conventional two-zone premixed flame-structure was observed in the anchoring region for both configurations. In the bluff-body wake, the location where the flame is initiated, preferential diffusion and conjugate heat exchange furnish conditions for ignition and enable streamwise flame continuation. In the perforated-plate, on the other hand, a combination of conjugate heat exchange and flame curvature is responsible for local anchoring. For both configurations, it was found that a flame was stable when (1) the local flame displacement speed was equal to the flow speed (static stability), and (2) the gradient of the flame displacement speed normal to its surface was higher than the gradient of the flow speed along the same direction (dynamic stability). As the blow-off conditions were approached, the difference between the former and the latter decreased until the dynamic stability condition (2) was violated. The blowoff of flames stabilized in a bluff-body wake start downstream, near the end of the combustion-products dominated recirculation zone, by flame pinching into an upstream and a downstream propagating sections. The blow-off of flames stabilized in flow perforated-plate wake start in the anchoring region, near the end of the preheated reactants-filled recirculation zone, with the entire flame front convecting downstream. These simulations elucidated the thus far unknown physics of the underlying flame stabilization and blow-off mechanisms, understanding which is crucial for designing flame-holders for combustors that support continuous burning. Such an investigation is not possible without the advanced numerical tool developed in this work. Based on the insight gained from the simulations, analytical models were developed to describe the dynamic response of flames to flow perturbations in an acoustically coupled environment. These models are instrumental in optimizing combustor designs and applying active control to guarantee dynamic stability if necessary.
by Kushal Sharad Kedia.
Ph. D.

This thesis describes an experimental investigation of the response of lean turbulent swirling flames with different degrees of premixedness (i.e. different mixture patterns) to acoustic forcing using the same burner configuration and varying only the fuel injection strategy. Special emphasis was placed on the amplitude dependence of their response. Also, the behaviour of self-excited fully premixed flames was examined. kHz OH* chemiluminescence was used to study qualitatively the heat release response of the flames, while kHz OH Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) was employed to understand the response of the flame structure and the behaviour of the various parts of the flame. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method was used to extract the dominant structures of the flame and their periodicity. In the first part of the thesis, self-excited oscillations were induced by extending the length of the duct downstream of the bluff body. It was found that the longer the duct length and the higher the equivalence ratio, the stronger the self-excited oscillations were, with the effect of duct length being much stronger. The dominant frequencies of the system were found to increase with equivalence ratio and bulk velocity and decrease with duct length. For some conditions, three simultaneous periodic motions were observed, where the third motion oscillated at a frequency equal to the difference of the other two frequencies. A novel application of the POD method was proposed to estimate the convection velocity from the most dominant reaction zone structures detected by OH* chemiluminescence imaging. For a range of conditions, the convection velocity was found to be in the range of 1.4-1.7 bulk flow velocities at the inlet of the combustor. In the second part, the response of fully premixed, non-premixed with radial fuel injection (NPR) and axial fuel injection (NPA) flames was investigated and compared. All systems exhibited a nonlinear response to acoustic forcing. The highest response was observed by the NPR flame, followed by the fully premixed and the non-premixed with axial fuel injection flame. The proximity of forced flames to blow-off was found to be critical in their heat release response, as close to blow-off the flame response was significantly lower than that farther from blow-off. In the NPR and NPA systems, it was shown that the acoustic forcing reduced the stability of the flame and the stability decreased with the increase in forcing amplitude. In the fully premixed system, the flame area modulations constituted an important mechanism of the system, while in the NPR system both flame area and equivalence ratio modulations were important mechanisms of the heat release modulations. The quantification of the local response of the various parts of the flame at the forcing frequency showed that the ratio RL (OH fluctuation at 160 Hz to the total variance of OH) was greater in the inner shear layer region than in the other parts in the case of NPR and NPA flames. In fully premixed flames, greater RL values were observed in large regions on the downstream side of the flame than those in the ISL region close to the bluff body. The ratio of the convection velocity to the bulk velocity was estimated to be 0.54 for the NPR flame, while it was found to be unity for the respective fully premixed flame. In the last part of the thesis, the response of ethanol spray flames to acoustic oscillations was investigated. The nonlinear response was very low, which was reduced closer to blow-off. The ratio RL was the highest in the spray outer cone region, downstream of the annular air passage, while RL values were very low in the inner cone region, downstream of the bluff body. Unlike NPR and fully premixed flames, in case of spray and NPA systems, it was found that forcing did not affect greatly the flame structure. The understanding of the nonlinear response of flames with different degrees of premixedness in a configuration relevant to industrial systems contributes to the development of reliable flame response models and lean-burn devices, because the degree of premixedness affects greatly the flame response. Also, the understanding of the behaviour of forced spray flames is of great interest for industrial applications, contributing to the development of thermoacoustic models for liquid fuelled combustors. Finally, the estimation of the convection velocity is of importance in the modelling of self-excited flames and flame response models, since the convection velocity affects the flame response significantly.

Possible areas of improving the efficiencies of the Lincoln University flame weeder are identified and investigated. The Hoffmann burner initially used in the Lincoln University flame weeder was found not to entrain sufficient air to allow complete combustion of the LPG used. A new burner, the Modified Lincoln University burner, was designed to improve the entrainment of air. Results show that the new design entrained sufficient air to theoretically allow complete combustion of the LPG, and this resulted in a 22.7% increase in heat output per Kg of LPG used over the Hoffmann burner. Temperature x time exposure constants required to kill weeds 0 - 15, 15 - 30, and 30 - 45 mm in size, were found to be respectively 750, 882, and 989 degrees Celsius.Seconds. These constants can be used to calculate the maximum speed of travel an operator can use a flame weeder at, once the temperature profile underneath its shields are established at various travel speeds, and therefore ensure that the flame weeder is used at its maximum efficiency. The constants can also be used to establish the cost efficiency of any flame weeder (in $/Ha), depending on the size of the weeds to be treated. The materials and methods used in establishing the temperature x time exposure constants can be used to establish the temperature x time exposure constant of any weed species at any size.

Andy Warhol's Exploding Plastic Inevitable (EPI) was a drug-fueled rock concert-cum-multimedia art event where layers of mediation mixed with immediate experience: The Velvet Underground performed their innovative music in front of films of themselves performing, Factory Superstars danced and performed poetry, various Warhol films projected on the walls, flashing lights flickered on mirrored surfaces, and a crowd of spectators – both famous and unknown – packed in to see and be seen, to dance and trip into the early hours of the morning. The experience of the EPI was a potent combination of alienation, mediation, and commercialization. The EPI was a promotional vehicle for Warhol, Warhol's Factory crew, and the Velvet Underground, but is also a complex example of spectacle that has been under-analyzed in recent scholarship. The EPI's unabashed emphasis on marketing, packaging, consumer goods, and empty celebrity are all manifestations of fears of late capitalist excess, but beneath the veneer of vapidity was an undercurrent of counterculture political activism and social awareness. Original contributions include cultural analysis, interpretation of contemporary reviews and reports, examination of the event's lack of art historical presence, and incorporation of music scholarship into the Warhol historical canon.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisors: Steven Buchberger PhD (Committee Chair), James Uber PhD (Committee Member), Michael Flanders PE (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed April 26, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: sewer overflow; blowout; sewer maintenance; jet cleaning; flushvac; GIS; risk. Includes bibliographical references.

L'objectif de cette thèse sur la modélisation des décanteurs automobiles est de mettre au point un outil de simulation numérique permettant de se substituer à un banc organe pour déterminer l'efficacité des décanteurs à l'étape de conception. Après avoir étudié la composition du blow-by sur banc moteur et cela pour différents points de fonctionnement du moteur, nous avons pu comparer la pertinence des différents outils de mesure granulométrique choisis (PCS, ELPI, TEOM) en fonction du spectre granulométrique émis par le moteur. Le PCS a été retenu comme l'outil le plus adéquat en fonction des tailles de gouttes sur lesquelles nous souhaitions avoir des informations. En parallèle, nous avons mené des investigations pour mettre au point une méthodologie de calcul permettant de simuler l'efficacité du décanteur. Le suivi des particules d'huile s'effectue grâce à une simulation lagrangienne. Les forces à prendre en compte ont été déterminées grâce à des expériences numériques simples permettant de verifier si les différentes expressions de ces forces trouvées dans la littérature étaient compatibles des conditions de calculs rencontrées dans les décanteurs. Une autre question soulevée par l'utilisation d'une modélisation lagrangienne dans la littérature, est celle de la prise en compte ou non de la dispersion turbulente. L'étude proposée dans cette thèse nous a permis de montrer que l'implémentation d'un modèle de dispersion turbulente rudimentaire ne permet pas d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants. La faisabilité de la mise au point d'une méthodologie de calcul fiable de l'efficacité du décanteur repose finalement sur la modification du type de maillage utilisé ainsi que le traitement du calcul de l'écoulement à la paroi. Nous avons montré dans cette thèse que la mise en place d'un maillage raffiné aux parois reposant sur des prismes avec un Y+ =1, associé à une loi de parois à deux couches permettait d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants en terme de prédiction de l'efficacité du décanteur.

On étudie l'existence de 'blow-up' et l'ensemble des points de 'blow-up' pour une équation de type chaleur dégénérée ou non avec un terme source uniforme fonction non linéaire de la température instantanée en un point fixé du domaine. L'étude est conduite par les méthodes d'analyse classique (fonction de Green, développements en fonctions propres, principe du maximum) ou fonctionnelle (semi-groupes d'opérateurs linéaires).

L’œuvre d’Antonioni constitue un champ privilégié pour initier une étude du paysage dans l’art cinématographique. Notre étude se focalise sur le dépaysement cinématographique d’Antonioni, de Blow up (1966) à son retour en Italie avec Identification d’une femme (1982). Notre étude vise à marquer l’importance d’une conception mouvante et cinéplastique du paysage, intégrant la question du montage, du mouvement (de l’image et dans l’image), pour dégager les forces rythmiques, métamorphiques et plastiques de l’image-paysage au cinéma. A partir de ces forces, nous souhaitons ouvrir la question du paysage à l’aune de la notion de dépaysement. Le dépaysement constitue un matériau opérant pour penser l’image cinématographique, sa déterritorialisation, son mouvement. Dépayser le paysage entraîne chez Antonioni un dialogue avec l’Histoire de l’art qui implique de repenser les questions esthétiques majeures du XXème siècle (de l’abstraction à l’art informel, en passant par le Land Art et la performance) dans le champ d’une étude cinématographique. La question du dépaysement nécessite de proposer de nouveaux outils pour penser le paysage au cinéma. Nous proposons de nommer « entre-paysage » la constitution d’un paysage qui intègre les processus propres à l’image cinématographique dans sa plastique, en nous appuyant sur les notions d’intervalle et d’entre-image. Un « entre-paysage » cinématographique, tel qu’il est possible de le définir dans l’œuvre d’Antonioni, ouvre une mobilisation plastique de l’image-paysage qui nous permet d’interroger en retour la pratique artistique contemporaine
The work of Antonioni is a fertile field to study landscape in cinematographic art. This study focuses on Antonioni's cinematographic disorientation, from Blow up (1966) to its come-back in Italy with Identification of a woman (1982). My work aims at showing the importance of a changing and cineplastic vision of landscape which integrates the question of editing, motion (of image and inside the image itself), in order to highlight the rhythmic, metamorphic and plastic strenghts of the image-landscape in the cinema. Having shown these strenghts, I intend to interrogate the question of landscape from the notion of disorientation. Disorientation represents an operating materiel to think the cinematographic image, its deterritorialisation, its motion. Disorientating landscape in Antonioni's work leads to a dialogue with art history, which implies to rethink the major aesthethic questions of the 20th century (from abstraction to informal art, by Land-Art and performance) in the context of a cinematographic study. The question of disorientation requires new tools to rethink landscape in the cinema. I suggest to name « inter-landscape » the constitution of a landscape which integrates peculiar to image in its plastic processes relying on notions suchs as interval and inter-images. A cinematographic « inter-landscape », as can be define from the work of Antonioni, offers a plastic mobilisation of the image-landscape which allows to interrogate, in turn, contemporary artistic practice

Il blog ha compiuto un percorso di rapido sviluppo, diventando spesso nei discorsi sociali l'emblema di un modo di intendere la rete che ha preso oggi l'etichetta di “Web 2.0”. La sua diffusione non è solo l'esito di una particolare configurazione tecnologica, ma anche di un intreccio di dinamiche economiche, sociali e culturali che hanno mutato la loro forma nel tempo. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di seguire la traiettoria di questo sviluppo, individuandone gli snodi critici attraverso gli strumenti concettuali forniti dal paradigma del Social Shaping of Technology applicato, in questo caso, ad un oggetto che combina la duplice natura di artefatto culturale e strumento di Comunicazione Mediata da Computer. A questo scopo si è, in primo luogo, ricostruita l'evoluzione storica del blog, rileggendola poi alla luce delle quattro dimensioni istituzionale, economica, tecnologica e culturale, da cui è emersa la centralità della figura dell'autore del blog. Su questa base si è articolato un percorso di ricerca sul campo, condotto con una metodologia qualitativa e multi-situata, al fine di evidenziare le dinamiche di appropriazione microsociale del blog, in cui sono stati individuati gli aspetti cruciali del suo modellamento sociale.
Weblogs developed very rapidly during the last years, by often becoming the symbol of the recognition of the Web as “Web 2.0” in the social discourses. Not only is its diffusion the outcome of a particular technological configuration, but also of a network of economical, social, cultural factors that have changed their shape in the course of time. The goal of this research is to follow the path of this development through the conceptual frame provided by the Social Shaping of Technology applied, in this case, to an object that is both an artefact and a form of Computer Mediated Communication. Firstly, to the purpose, the historical evolution of blog has been reconstructed; then, the trend of the institutional, economical, technological, cultural dimensions has been outlined whereas the author's central role in blog's dynamics emerged. On this basis a field research was carried out and accomplished with a qualitative, multi-sited methodology, in order to highlight the microsocial blog processes of appropriation, in which the main aspects of social shaping has been identified.

John Blow (1649-1708) was among the first group of boys pressed into the service of King Charles II, following the decade of Puritan rule. Blow would make compositional efforts as early as 1664 and, at the age of nineteen, began to assume professional positions within the London musical establishment, ultimately becoming, along with his pupil and colleague, Henry Purcell, London's foremost musician. Restoration sacred music is generally thought of in connection with the stile nuovo which, for the first time, came to be a fully accepted practice among English musicians for the church. But the English sacred polyphonic art, little threatened by England's largely political Reformation, embodied sufficient flexibility as to allow it to absorb new ideas, thereby remaining vital well into the seventeenth century. Preserved from decisive Italian influences by the Interregnum, the English sacred polyphonic tradition awoke at the Restoration full of potential for continuing creative activity. In addition to studying Blow's polyphonic compositions, including the transcription of several not available in modern edition, this paper seeks to address the unique nature of the English polyphonic tradition which allowed it to retain its vitality throughout the seventeenth century, while other polyphonic traditions were succumbing to the ossifying influences of the stile antico concept. Identification of the Continental stile antico through pertinent treatises and scores revealed a marked distinction between its application and the English polyphonic art as seen in the work of John Blow. In the end, the peculiar nature of Restoration polyphony is seen to be derived from a number of factors, among them, the continuation of liturgical ceremonial within the independent English church, the flexibility of the English polyphonic medium with regard to new musical developments, and the interruption of England's cathedral music tradition just as Italian influence was beginning to be felt in liturgical music. The sacred polyphony of John Blow represents the last great flowering of the English polyphonic tradition, with all of its idiosyncracies, in a lively, as yet unfettered style.

This thesis wants to save character and identity of local. So it offers comfortable and special living and brings new values for the local inhabitants. Integrate suitable functions to improve the quality of quater.

The main design philosophy is gentle extension of the existing block with emphasis on keeping the character of Stare Brno untouched and enhance the area with missing functions, which would complement and rejuvenate both completed and projected house building development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Eugenia Peixoto De Azevedo.pdf: 749147 bytes, checksum: 00c21b5756cdb2894beb4ed8d6fcdeef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-03
The present work treats of the pedagogic use of the blog considered in a vygotskyan cultural historic perspective, as a cultural and technological instrument of mediation. Being considered to growing presence of information and communication technologies, as well as of virtual tools, in the society and, in matter, in the school, the research problem was: which is the teachers' vision concerning the pedagogic use of the blog in educational practice. The general objective of the research was to identify the teachers' vision on the use pedagogic of the blog. The specific objectives were: - to identify the teachers' vision about the mediations made possible by the blog with pedagogic purpose; to identify the theoretical reference adopted by the teachers in the use of the blog; to describe the teachers' vision concerning the effects of the blog in the students' learning. It was made a field research with qualitative approach and the technique of the semi-structured interview was used for obtaining of the data. The subjects in the research was six teachers, being three teachers and three go out of course of the Nucleus of Education Technology of the Municipal General office of Education of Goiânia. The results are presented in two main categories: 1) the use of the blog with pedagogic purpose: - necessary conditions and difficulties; - advantages and forms of use of the blog; - theoretical foundation and teaching methodology: the absence of the category mediation; 2) effects of the blog in the students' learning: permanence in the conventional way of to learn and to teach.
O presente trabalho trata do uso pedagógico do blog considerado numa perspectiva histórico-cultural vygotskyana, como um instrumento cultural e tecnológico de mediação. Considerando-se a crescente presença de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, assim como de ferramentas virtuais, na sociedade e, em particular, na escola, o problema de pesquisa foi: qual é a visão de professores acerca do uso pedagógico do blog em sua prática docente. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar a visão de professores sobre o uso pedagógico do blog. Os objetivos específicos foram: - identificar a visão de professores sobre as mediações possibilitadas pelo blog com finalidade pedagógica; identificar o referencial teórico adotado pelos professores na utilização do blog; descrever a visão de professores acerca dos efeitos do blog na aprendizagem dos alunos. Fez-se uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa e utilizou-se a técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada para obtenção dos dados. Participaram da pesquisa seis professoras, sendo três formadoras e três ex-alunas do Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Goiânia. Os resultados são apresentados em duas categorias principais: 1. O uso do blog com finalidade pedagógica: - condições necessárias e dificuldades; - vantagens e formas de uso do blog; - Fundamentação teórica e metodologia de ensino: a ausência da categoria mediação; 2. Efeitos do blog na aprendizagem dos alunos: permanência do modo convencional de aprender e ensinar.

The master´s thesis deals with the constructive-technological project of dwelling house. The project includes a technical report, an operating regulativ of substructure carcassing of a main building object, time and financial schedule, building site, quality and safety requirement. The work is based on the project for implementation.

This master’s thesis is focused on technological and constructional project of apartment building – Block „B“ in the Hustopeče city. Content of this thesis includes engineering report of technological project, construction site equipment, used machinery, situational concept of transport routes and technological regulations for drilled pilots. This thesis also contains construction time schledule, itemized budget and assessment of the masonry systems.

Ova doktorska disertacija izučava matrice zapisane u blok formi. Onasistematizuje postojeća i predstavlja nova tvrđenja o osobinama takvih matrica,koja se baziraju na ideji generalizovane dijagonalne dominacije. Poznatirezultati u tačkastom slučaju dobra su osnova za blok generalizacije, koje suizvedene na dva različita načina, prvi zbog svoje jednostavnije primenljivosti,a drugi zbog obuhvatanja šire klase matrica na koju se rezultati odnose.
This thesis is related to matrices written in their block form. It systematizes known andrepresents new knowledge about properties of such matrices, which is based on the ideaof generalized diagonal dominance. Known results in the point case serve as a good basisfor block generalization, which is done in two different ways, the first one because of itssimple usability, and the other for capturing wider class of matrices which are treated.

Le Bloc de Yili est un domaine triangulaire limité par les branches nord et sud du Tianshan
Chinois occidental. Il est considéré comme un micro-continent avec un substratum précambrien
qui se prolonge vers l'Ouest au Kazakhstan, mais ses limites ne sont pas claires. Le Bloc de Yili
est important pour comprendre l'évolution géodynamique du Tianshan Paléozoïque qui résulte de
processus de subduction et collision polyphasés. Classiquement, la chaîne du Tianshan est divisée
en trois domaines: le Tianshan Nord, le Tianshan Central et le Tianshan Sud. Mais nos travaux
structuraux, géochimiques et paléomagnétiques suggèrent que ces domaines et leurs limites
doivent être redéfinis.
Le bloc de Yili était auparavant considéré comme l'extension vers l'Ouest du Tianshan
Central. En fait, il s'agit d'un arc magmatique Dévonien-Carbonifère situé sur un socle continental
protérozoïque et une plate-forme sédimentaire du Paléozoïque inférieur. Des roches volcaniques
d'âge Carbonifère sont très répandues sur les bordures du bloc de Yili. Leurs caractéristiques
pétrologiques et géochimiques montrent 1) qu'il s'agit surtout d'andésites, de rhyolites et plus
rarement de basaltes appartenant à la série calco-alcaline, 2) que les importantes anomalies en Nb
et Ta s'accordent avec des magmas liés à une subduction, 3) que les dicriminations fondées sur les
HFSE placent ces roches dans le champ des arcs continentaux. Les études isotopiques Rb-Sr et
Sm-Nd indiquent que ces roches magmatiques sont issues d'un réservoir magmatique situé dans le
manteau appauvri. En considérant les formations sédimentaires de faible profondeur associées au
magmatisme, on suggère que les roches magmatiques carbonifères se sont formées sur une marge
continentale active. Des datations, par ICP-MS ablation laser, de zircons issus de roches
volcaniques et granitiques de l'ensemble du bloc de Yili, indiquent des âges compris entre 389 et
310 Ma, c'est à dire fini Dévonien moyen à Carbonifère supérieur.
La limite Nord du Bloc de Yili est représentée par les turbidites du Carbonifère supérieur et le
mélange ophiolitique de Bayingou-Motuogou qui constituent le Tianshan Nord. Les données
pétrologiques et géochimiques suggèrent que les turbidites et le mélange ophiolitique représentent
un complexe de subduction. Le mélange ophiolitique résulterait d'une tectonique intraocéanique
suivie de resédimentation et de déformation pendant la subduction du bassin océanique du
Nord-Tianshan qui existait au moins depuis le Dévonien supérieur-Carbonifère inférieur d'après
les faunes de radiolaires des cherts ophiolitiques. Les données structurales, pétrologiques,
géochimiques et géochronologiques sur le mélange ophiolitique et les turbidites sont en faveur
d'une subduction du bassin océanique de Nord-Tianshan vers le Sud, est responsable de la
formation de l'arc magmatique de Yili. Comme ce complexe de subduction a été redéformé et
charrié vers le Nord sur le bassin Cénozoïque du Junggar, la véritable suture du Nord Tianshan est
cachée par les chevauchements cénozoïques. La prolongation orientale du Nord Tianshan se
trouve dans l'arc de Bogda qui est composé de sédiments carbonifères, de volcanites et de
granitoides. De nouvelles données géochimiques dans la région de Houxia indiquent que les
dolérites, andésites et dacites rhyolitiques sont des volcanites d'arc d'affinité calco-alcaline. La
cohérence temporelle et la corrélation spatiale entre le complexe de subduction du Tianshan Nord et l'arc de Bogda suggèrent que la suture du Tianshan Nord se prolonge vers l'est, où elle serait
cachée sous l'arc de Bogda par le chevauchement tertiaire.
La limite sud du bloc de Yili est une zone complexe polydéformée qui contient des roches
métamorphiques de haute-pression (HP), des mélanges ophiolitiques, un socle fait de roches
métamorphiques crustales et de roches sédimentaires de plate-forme, le tout affecté par des
décrochements. L'étude géologique détaillée le long de la rivière Kekesu révèle l'existence d'une
déformation ductile à faible pendage et dirigée vers le nord qui affecte des roches océaniques
métamorphisées dans des faciès de HP (schistes bleus et éclogite) et des roches continentales
interprétées comme la bordure méridionale du bloc de Yili. Des preuves d'une déformation ductile
extensive dans le faciès schiste vert sont également rencontrées le long de la Rivière Kekesu. Des
datations Ar/Ar par sonde laser de micas blancs dans des métapélites issues de schistes bleus
rétromorphosés et de quartzites dans le faciès schiste verts donnent des âges compris entre 330 et
315 Ma qui sont interprétés comme l'âge de la fin de l'exhumation des roches de HP. La formation
des roches de HP a été interprétée comme associée à une subduction vers le nord de l'océan du
Tianshan, également responsable du magmatisme d'arc de la partie sud de Yili. Cependant,
comme le magmatisme d'arc du bloc de Yili est significativement plus jeune que le pic du
métamorphisme prograde (antérieur à 350 Ma) et même que la rétromorphose, et que l'analyse
cinématique indique un mouvement vers le Nord, cette interprétation n'est pas étayée par nos
données. Par ailleurs, la structure de la rivière Kekesu est en accord avec les données cinématiques
vers le nord observées dans la région de Mishigou et Gangou, plus à l'Est. Cette dernière
correspond à la suture entre le Tianshan Nord et Central. Dans le Tianshan Central, au sud du
complexe métamorphique de HP, il n'existe pas d'arc magmatique Carbonifère, mais un arc
Ordovicien -Silurien et des turbidites du même âge. Des calcaires et des grès du Carbonifère
inférieur recouvrent en discordance l'arc d'âge Paléozoïque inférieur. Des roches métamorphiques
protérozoïques représentent le substratum de cet arc.
Dans les régions de Aheqi, Wushi, Heiyingshan, sur le versant sud du Tianshan, on rencontre
un mélange ophiolitique contenant des blocs de gabbros datés à 390 Ma avec une signature
géochimique de bassin d'arrière arc. Par ailleurs, l'évolution de la plate-forme carbonatée du
Tianshan Central vers des roches siliceuses (cherts rubanés et pélites siliceuses) suggère un
approfondissement de cette marge continentale pendant le Dévonien. Ces données s'accordent
avec l'existence d'un bassin marginal entre le Tianshan Central et le Tarim. Les observations de
terrain suggèrent que le mélange est charrié du Sud vers le Nord sur les séries carbonatées
dévoniennes du Tianshan Central. Cette déformation ductile s'est produite avant le dépôt des
séries terrigènes et carbonatées du Carbonifère inférieur-moyen qui recouvrent en discordance le
mélange ophiolitique et son substratum tectonique. Il faut cependant remarquer que les séries
carbonifères sont déformées par des plis, parfois synschisteux, à vergence Sud. Mais l'âge de cette
déformation n'est pas établi avec certitude. Il est peut-être Cénozoïque, mais des âges compris
entre le Permien et le Paléocène ne peuvent pas être définitivement écartés. Ces observations sont
en bon accord avec celles de la région de Kulehu et de Kumux-Yushugou. Ce mélange
ophiolitique correspond au Tianshan sud, il a été souvent interprété comme des klippes déplacées
du Nord vers le Sud. Dans notre interprétation, il est au contraire issu d'une suture méridionale qui
sépare le Tianshan du Tarim.
Les deux limites nord et sud du bloc de Yili ont été redéformées par les décrochements
permiens. Les turbidites du Tianshan Nord sont affectées par une foliation verticale et une linéation horizontale associée à une cinématique dextre. Nos datations Ar/Ar sur roche totale
indiquent un âge de 270 Ma qui correspond au mouvement de la faille du Tianshan Nord. Ceci
s'accorde avec les données disponibles sur la Faille Principale du Tianshan (MTSF) où les
datations se distribuent entre 280 et 250Ma. Les failles de Nalati et de Qinbulak recoupent la
limite entre les blocs de Yili et du Tianshan Central. Nos observations en plusieurs points entre
Kekesu, Laerdun, Sanghuyanzi confirment la cinématique dextre. Ces mouvements coulissants
sont associés à un magmatisme intraplaque, représenté par des granites alcalins, des basaltes
tholéiitiques continentaux, et des roches volcaniques acides. Les décrochements permiens
apparaissent comme complètement indépendants de la tectonique de convergence N-S du
Paléozoïque pré-permien. Ces coulissements jouent un grand rôle dans l'architecture finale du
Tianshan.
Afin de mieux contraindre les mouvements coulissants d'âge Permien, des données
paléomagnétiques ont été acquises sur des roches d'âge Ordovicien, Carbonifère et Permien dans
le bloc de Yili et les régions voisines. Plus de 500 échantillons de roches volcaniques et
sédimentaires ont été prélevés sur 61 sites. Les études magnétiques (minéralogie, démagnétisation,
etc...) montrent que les porteurs de l'aimantation sont la magnétite et l'hématite. Après une étude
soignée des caractéristiques de l'aimantation rémanente dans la région de Zhaosu, Xinyuan et
Gongliu, deux pôles pour le Carbonifère supérieur (C2) et Permien supérieur (P2) sont calculés
pour le bloc de Yili. La comparaison de ces pôles C2 et P2 avec ceux du même âge disponibles
pour le Tarim, le Junggar et la Sibérie indique 1) qu'il n'y a pas de mouvement différentiel
significatif entre le Bloc de Yili et le Junggar depuis le Carbonifère terminal ; 2) qu'il n'y a pas de
mouvement latitudinal significatif entre ces blocs depuis le Carbonifère supérieur ; 3) qu'il existe
des rotations anti-horaires d'environ 46± 15° et 32±15° entre l'ensemble Yili-Junggar par rapport
au Tarim et à la Sibérie entre C2 et P2. Ces rotations sont accommodées par les décrochements
dextres le long des failles bordières nord et sud du bloc de Yili et par le décrochement senestre de
l'Irtish dans l'Altaï. Il en résulte un mouvement relatif d'environ 1000 et 600 km sur ces deux
failles.
Finalement, en tenant compte des déformations Cénozoïques liées à la collision Inde-Asie, un
modèle simple de l'évolution du bloc de Yili et de l'ouest du Tianshan chinois est proposé.
Pendant l'Ordovicien et le Silurien inférieur, un bassin océanique appelé l'Océan Tianshan existait
entre le Tianshan Central et le Bloc de Yili. Cet océan a commencé à se fermer par subduction vers
le Sud pendant l'Ordovicien supérieur et le Silurien inférieur en produisant l'arc du Tianshan
Central. Entre le Silurien moyen et le Dévonien moyen, l'Océan Tianshan continue de se fermer.
La subduction océanique est suivie par la subduction continentale du Bloc de Yili sous le Tianshan
Central qui est responsable de la formation des roches métamorphiques de HP. Simultanément à la
fermeture de l'Océan Tianshan, une mer marginale s'ouvre au sud du Tianshan Central pendant le
Dévonien inférieur à moyen. Pendant le Paléozoïque inférieur, les dépôts de grès et de calcaires
suggèrent que la marge nord du bloc de Yili était une marge passive. Entre le Dévonien moyen et
le Carbonifère inférieur, à cause de la fermeture de l'Océan Tianshan, les blocs de Yili et du
Tianshan Central sont soudés pour former une seule masse continentale. A ce moment là, les
roches de HP sont exhumées. La fermeture du bassin d'arrière arc est associée au charriage du
mélange ophiolitique du Tianshan Sud. Simultanément, la subduction vers le sud d'un bassin
océanique, appelé océan Nord Tianshan est responsable de la formation de l'arc magmatique de
Yili et du complexe de subduction du Tianshan Nord. La subduction de l'Océan Nord Tianshan s'achève au Carbonifère supérieur quand se produit la collision entre le Bloc de Yili et le Junggar.
A la fin du Carbonifère, la convergence sub-méridienne (par rapport aux coordonnées actuelles)
est achevée. Tous les blocs continentaux sont alors soudés. Au Permien, les décrochements dextres
d'ampleur plurikilométrique perturbent la géométrie initiale. Par exemple, la continuité de l'arc du
Tianshan Nord-Bogda est détruite.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidiane Schimitz Lopes_Dissertacao.pdf: 5220964 bytes, checksum: 1de9778d74b180f2b14b1886fa308b13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-27
This present paper consists in a qualitative approach using the research-action form, from which the studying aim is the subject História e Filosofia da Matemática, an optional curricular componet from a course in Licenciatura em Matemática. Believing that History of Math and technology, in special the blogs, build up potential pedagogical resources for the construction of a meaningful learning, its approaches are considered indispensable in courses for teachers degree. The history in classroom contributes for the demystification of the mathematics, pointing it as a science under construction, plausible of errors and without universal truths. Another favorable point regarding History of Math in the scholar environment is the possibility of rescuing cultures from which the economics and the politics are less improved is proposed. The technology, on the other hand, approached through blogs, is a component that can not be left behind in the contemporaneous society. Providing a current activity in the process of learning itself, the blog História da Matemática was used as a pedagogical resource, in which the teacher made the material available for the meetings, and the pedagogical strategy, the space in which the undergraduate students built a collective digital portfolio. With the main objective in working with the subject História e Filosofia da Matemática using a blog as resource and pedagogical strategy, the research obtained as a result the changing in the undergratuade students behavior to a stage in which they started to see the History of Math as a relevant knowledge also for the teachers, providing a second thinking in teaching strategies for elementary schools, presenting mathematics as human improvement.
Este trabalho consiste em uma abordagem qualitativa em forma de pesquisa-ação, cujo objeto de estudo foi a disciplina História e Filosofia da Matemática, componente curricular optativa de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Por acreditar que a História da Matemática e a tecnologia, em especial os blogs, constituem recursos pedagógicos potenciais para a construção de uma aprendizagem significativa, considera-se indispensáveis suas abordagens em cursos de formação de professores. A história em sala de aula contribui para a desmistificação da matemática, apresentando-a como uma ciência em construção, passível de erros e sem verdades universais. Outro ponto favorável à presença da História da Matemática no ambiente escolar é a possibilidade de resgate de culturas menos favorecidas economicamente e politicamente que essa abordagem proporciona. A tecnologia, por sua vez, abordada sob a forma de blogs, é um componente que não pode ser ignorado na sociedade contemporânea. Proporcionando uma participação ativa no processo da própria aprendizagem, o Blog História da Matemática foi utilizado como recurso pedagógico, onde a professora disponibilizava materiais para os encontros presenciais, e estratégia pedagógica, espaço no qual os acadêmicos construíram um portfólio digital coletivo. Com o objetivo geral de trabalhar a disciplina História e Filosofia da Matemática utilizando o blog como recurso e estratégia pedagógicos, a pesquisa obteve como resultado a mudança da postura dos licenciandos, passando a considerar a História da Matemática como um relevante conhecimento tanto para os professores, proporcionando repensar estratégias de ensino, quanto para os alunos da Educação Básica, apresentando a matemática como uma construção humana.

For members of the Swedish Heathen organisation Forn Sed Sverige, the term blot is defined as an act of ritual sacrifice through which one can communicate with the gods and other powers. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of the various forms of blot and to explore the meanings ascribed to it by the practitioners. By looking at the structure of the ritual itself, what is sacrificed, the contexts in which the ritual is conducted and how the aforementioned aspects of it are understood, this thesis presents an image of blot as a central ritual practise within the Swedish Heathen community, as well as a way for the members of Forn Sed Sverige to construct a sense of continuity between their own blot and pre-Christian religion in Scandinavia by prioritising ritual practise over religious beliefs.

Blogs serve multiple purposes, resulting in several types of blogs that vary greatly in terms of quality and content. It is important to evaluate the quality of blogs, which requires appropriate evaluation criteria. Unfortunately, there are minimal studies on framework and the specific criteria and indicators for evaluating the quality of blogs. Moreover, quality is related to user perception, and should therefore be evaluated by the receivers. This dissertation examines the criteria and indicators that blog users consider important for evaluating the quality of blogs, and develops a user-centered framework for evaluating quality by conducting user surveys and post-survey email interviews. The personal characteristics that affect the users’ choices of criteria to evaluate the quality of blogs are examined as well. The study’s findings include 1) the criteria that users consider important when evaluating the quality of blogs are content quality, usability, authority, and blog credibility; 2) the indicators that blog users consider most important for evaluating the quality of blogs are understandability, accuracy, believability, currency, ease of use, and navigation; and 3) gender, education level, age, profession, purpose of use, and specific interests affect the user’s choices of criteria for evaluating the quality of blogs. Future research may involve exploring and applying the framework developed in this study to build automatic quality blog identification system for the purpose of assisting web users and information specialists to identify quality blogs.

Quelle comptabilité de gestion pour les organisations du bloc communal ? C’est la question que pose cettethèse. L’objet de cette recherche est d'étudier comment - sous quelle forme et pour répondre à quels objectifs- les communes et les établissements publics de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) utilisent la comptabilitéde gestion. A l'origine, la comptabilité de gestion s'adresse aux entreprises et sa transposition auxorganisations non marchandes, aux finalités différentes, pose question. L’étude de la littérature montre uncheminement chaotique de cet outil du contrôle de gestion dans les organisations du bloc communal depuisles années 1980, avec l’influence d’un certain idéaltype de la comptabilité de gestion émanant des entreprises.La littérature récente ne rend pas compte de la situation actuelle de cet outil dans les organisationscommunales.Une recherche exploratoire de nature qualitative, sur neuf cas, montre une grande diversité des pratiques enmatière de comptabilité de gestion et permet de poser des hypothèses. Celles-ci sont ensuite testées à plusgrande échelle dans le cadre d’une étude quantitative. L’analyse de 124 questionnaires complétés par descadres territoriaux met en évidence une utilisation accrue de la comptabilité de gestion pour répondre à desobjectifs différenciés, ainsi qu’une diversité des approches et des méthodes permettant la construction detypologies. Cette recherche montre que les organisations du bloc communal ont majoritairement opté pourune approche contingente de la comptabilité de gestion. Les logiques de transposition actuelles sontdavantage focalisées sur les finalités de la comptabilité de gestion (la recherche de légitimité ou d’efficience)que sur son contenu (la méthode de calcul de coûts)
This thesis raises the question of the appropriate type of management accounting in local government. Thepurpose of this research is to study how local authorities have been using managerial accounting. Originally,managerial accounting was meant for companies and using it for non-profit organizations, which have differentpurposes, is problematic. Studying the literature on this topic shows that the use of this management tool bylocal authorities since the 1980s has not been smooth, as it originated from an ideal-type of managerialaccounting applying to companies. There is no recent literature reflecting the real conditions of thismanagement tool in local authorities.Our exploratory and qualitative research, built on nine case studies, reveals a wide variety of practices, whichenabled us to develop research hypotheses. These hypotheses were then tested on a large-scale, throughquantitative research. The 124 completed questionnaires we analyzed showed that managerial accounting isincreasingly used to address diversified targets and uses different approaches and methods. This in turnenabled us to build typologies. This research shows that local authorities have opted for a contingent approachto managerial accounting. Current transpositions focus more on the aims of management accounting (lookingfor legitimacy or efficiency), than on its contents (cost method)

The aim of the thesis is to solve selected parts of the construction technology project for the building of the multifunctional complex Rudiny II, Žilina - building block D. The content of the thesis is a technical report to the construction technology project, studies of the implementation of the main technological stages of the building. technological regulation for horizontal and vertical monolithic structures, quality control and testing plan for the production of vertical and horizontal monolithic structures, OSH plan. In the appendix of my diploma thesis I processed drawings of construction equipment, itemized budget of the building, object budget according to THU, time plan of construction, dimensions of construction machines, laying plan for system formwork on standardized floor of multifunctional house.

Det blir allt svårare för företag att särskilja sig på marknaden. Traditionell marknadsföring är inte längre lika effektiv som förr, och idag finns flera olika strategier för att sticka ut i bruset. Kring varumärken och produkter skapas ofta ett rykte, som ibland antingen kan vara positivt eller negativt. Ibland har detta rykte uppkommit utan påverkan ifrån företaget, men det finns även strategier för att skapa och påverka sitt eget rykte. Ett positivt rykte kan leda till ökad försäljning och vinst. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur företag kan arbeta aktivt med denna typ av ryktesspridning, det vill säga Word of Mouth. Vi vill även undersöka om Word of Mouth behöver kompletteras med andra marknadsföringsstrategier, eller om den ensam är tillräcklig.Tidigare forskning har framför allt behandlat vad som påverkar konsumenter att sprida ett rykte. Buzz Marketing, som kan definieras som ett aktivt arbete med Word of Mouth, är ett område som fortfarande är relativt outforskat. Desto mindre forskning har gjorts med konfektionsbranschen som undersökningsområde. Därav ligger det i vårt intresse att studera denna del av marknaden. Inom den berörda teorin nämns vikten av att arbeta med ryktesspridning, både genom att generera positiv Word of Mouth, samt förhindra negativ Word of Mouth. Det finns olika strategier företag kan använda sig av för att bidra till positiv ryktesspridning, där den enklaste formen är att be nöjda kunder föra ryktet vidare till sin omgivning. Andra former som kräver mer aktivitet från företagets sida är att tillverka tilläggsprodukter, anordna fester samt olika typer av marknadsföringsprojekt.Till vår undersökning har vi genomfört intervjuer med utvalda företag inom konfektions- och skobranschen. Dessa är Dr Denim Jeansmakers, The Stray Boys, Ljung, Tailor Store och SCDG AB. Empirin behandlar hur dessa företag aktivt arbetar med Word of Mouth och hur de ser på denna typ av ryktesspridning. De intervjuade företagen berättar om de tror att Word of Mouth är en god marknadsföringsstrategi, eller om den är otillräcklig.Det finns flera sätt att se på Word of Mouth och att arbeta med ryktesspridning. De intervjuade företagen arbetar förhållandevis lite med denna marknadsföringsstrategi och endast ett fåtal kan ge konkreta exempel på metoder de använder sig av. Dock visar både teori och empiri på vikten av att arbeta med ryktesspridning och att minska negativt Word of Mouth. Flera av de intervjuade företagen bevisar att enbart arbeta med Word of Mouth räcker som marknadsföring, dock är detta tydligt kopplat till företagets vision, målgrupp och storlek. Huruvida effekten av Word of Mouth går att mäta eller ej råder det delade meningar om. Vissa hävdar att det går att förlita sig på trafik på websidor och ökad försäljning, andra hävdar att detta är otillräckligt då effekten inte isoleras. Ett konkret mätinstrument existerar inte.It has become more difficult for companies to differentiate themselves on the market. Traditional marketing is no longer as effective as before, and today there are several different strategies companies can use to stand out. Reputations often occur about brands and products. This reputation can be either positive or negative. Sometimes, this reputation occurs without influence from the company, but there are several strategies for companies to use to create and shape its reputation. A positive reputation can lead to increased sales and profits. The purpose of this study is to examine how companies can actively pursue this kind of rumor-mongering - Word of Mouth. We also want to study if Word of Mouth needs to be supplemented with other marketing strategies or whether it is sufficient by itself.Previous research has mainly dealt with reasons why consumers spread rumors. Buzz Marketing, which can be defined as actively working with Word of Mouth, is an area in marketing that still is relatively unexplored. Even less research has been done with the clothing industry as a study area. Hence, it is in our interest to study this share of the market. The importance of working with the rumor mill is mentioned frequently in the theory, both by generating positive word of mouth, and how to prevent negative Word of Mouth. There are various strategies that companies can use to contribute to spreading of a positive reputation; the easiest way is to ask satisfied customers to spread the reputation about the brand to their surroundings. Other forms that require more activity by the company is to offer additional products, organizing parties and various types of marketing projects.In our study, we conducted interviews with selected companies in the apparel and footwear industry. These are Dr Denim Jeansmakers, The Stray Boys, Ljung, Tailor Store and SCDG AB. The empirical material deals with how these companies are actively working with Word of Mouth and what their perception of this kind of rumor mill is. The companies interviewed also gave their version of Word of Mouth and if they feel that it is a good marketing strategy, or if it is insufficient.There are several ways to look at Word of Mouth and work with the rumor mill. The companies we interviewed do not work with this type of marketing strategy in a large extent, and only a few can provide concrete examples of methods they use. However, both our theoretical and empirical work shows the importance of working with the rumor mill and reducing negative Word of Mouth. Several of the interviewed companies proves that only working with Word of Mouth can be sufficient, however, this is clearly linked to the company's vision, target market and size. There are different opinions about whether the effect of Word of Mouth can be measured or not. Some argue that it is possible to rely on traffic for websites and increased sales; others argue that this is not enough because the effect is not isolated. A concrete measurement tool does not exist.
Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

Bright Ly alpha blobs (LABs)-extended nebulae with sizes of similar to 100 kpc and Ly alpha luminosities of similar to 10(44) erg s(-1)-often reside in overdensities of compact Ly alpha emitters (LAEs) that may be galaxy protoclusters. The number density, variance, and internal kinematics of LABs suggest that they themselves trace group-like halos. Here, we test this hierarchical picture, presenting deep, wide-field Ly alpha narrowband imaging of a 1 degrees x. 0 degrees.5 region around a LAB pair at z = 2.3 discovered previously by a blind survey. We find 183 Lya emitters, including the original LAB pair and three new LABs with Ly alpha luminosities of (0.9-1.3) x 10(43) erg s(-1) and isophotal areas of 16-24 arcsec2. Using the LAEs as tracers and a new kernel density estimation method, we discover a large-scale overdensity (Bootes J1430+3522) with a surface density contrast of delta(Sigma) = 2.7, a volume density contrast of delta similar to 10.4, and a projected diameter of approximate to 20 comoving Mpc. Comparing with cosmological simulations, we conclude that this LAE overdensity will evolve into a present-day Coma-like cluster with log(M/M-circle dot) similar to 15.1 +/- 0.2. In this and three other wide-field LAE surveys re-analyzed here, the extents and peak amplitudes of the largest LAE overdensities are similar, not increasing with survey size, and implying that they were indeed the largest structures then and today evolve into rich clusters. Intriguingly, LABs favor the outskirts of the densest LAE concentrations, i.e., intermediate LAE overdensities of delta(Sigma) = 1-2. We speculate that these LABs mark infalling protogroups being accreted by the more massive protocluster.

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo sobre um dispositivo de bombagem o aríete hidráulico, também conhecido vulgarmente por carneiro hidráulico, sendo a parte experimental constituída por três fases, concepção, construção e montagem de um carneiro hidráulico. Tendo como base a construção de uma unidade didáctica do carneiro hidráulico, este foi desenvolvido em acrílico. A escolha deste material foi efectuada de modo a permitir a total visualização do funcionamento do equipamento. No laboratório realizou-se a construção do mesmo, na qual se produziu um corpo principal adaptável a variáveis tais como, dimensão da câmara de ar, diâmetro das tubagens, comprimento das tubagens, aplicação de outro tipo de material Aço Inox, e a variação do ângulo (ângulo efectuado entre a tubagem de alimentação e a horizontal). Posteriormente realizaram-se um conjunto de experiências, para a cota de elevação com 4.7 m. As experiências tinham como objectivo analisar a influência de variáveis como, o curso da válvula de desperdício que alternou de 2.5 a 11 mm, as cotas de alimentação (h) de 2, 2.5 e de 3 m, os caudais de alimentação (Qh), entrega (QH) e desperdício (QD), com ângulos de 40º e 60º e tubagem de 25 e 30 mm. Os resultados obtidos tinham como finalidade explorar o desempenho e o rendimento desta máquina para diferentes operações. On this paper work it'll be done an experimental study about the hydraulic ram pump, on which the experimental part is constituted on three phases, conception, construction and assembly of the teaching unity of experimental demonstration. Based on the construction of a teaching unit of the ram, this was done in acrylic. The choice of this material was made to allow a full view of the operation of equipment. On the laboratory there was the construction of itself, on which it was produced a main body adaptable to variables such as, air chamber dimension, diameter of the pipe, length of pipe, use of another type of material (Inox Steel, PVC), angle of feeding and several gaps. Afterwards, it took place rehearsals to analyze the possible influences of each alteration performed on the ram. These rehearsals were made with a quota of feeding of 2 m, 2.5 m and 3 m, in other words, between each rehearsal there is a difference of 0.5m of high. After it the results were analyzed and discussed. Therefore we analyzed that the hydraulic ram can be employed by rural producers, in regions where the access conventional energy network is limited

Les polymères répondant au pH ou à la température deviennent hydrophobes à partir d’un pH ou d’une température critique. Associés à un bloc polymère hydrophile, ils peuvent former des micelles réversibles en solution aqueuse en réponse à un stimulus. Cette thèse décrit principalement la synthèse par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée de copolymères à blocs triple hydrophiles de type ABC ou ACB, composés d’un bloc très hydrophile (PEO, bloc A), d’un bloc répondant à la température et au pH (PDMAEMA, bloc B) et d’un bloc cationique (PDMAEMAquat, bloc C). Leur caractérisation par chromatographie d’exclusion stérique en phase aqueuse s’est révélée peu concluante ; c’est pourquoi nous les avons analysés par RMN diffusionnelle. D’autre part, l’auto-assemblage en solution aqueuse de ces copolymère triblocs en fonction du pH et de la température a été étudié par RMN 1H et par DLS. Par ailleurs, le bloc C, cationique, forme un complexe hydrophobe avec un polymère chargé négativement (PSS). Les objets résultant de cette complexation entre le dernier bloc du tribloc ABC et le PSS ont été caractérisés par RMN 1H, par DLS, par RMN diffusionnelle et par TEM. Leur comportement en solution aqueuse en fonction du pH et de la température a également été abordé
PH- or temperature-responsive polymers become hydrophobic from a critical pH or temperature. When they are associated to a hydrophilic block, they may respond to a stimulus by forming reversible micelles in aqueous solution. This thesis mainly deals with the synthesis by controlled radical polymerization of ABC- or ACB-type triple hydrophilic block copolymers, based on a highly hydrophilic block (PEO, A-block), a pH- and temperature-responsive moiety (PDMAEMA, B-block) and a cationic sequence (PDMAEMAquat, C-block). As their characterization by SEC in aqueous phase was not conclusive, they were therefore analyzed by diffusional NMR. In addition, their self-assembly in aqueous solution depending on pH or temperature was studied by 1H NMR and DLS. Furthermore, the cationic C-block form a so-called polyelectrolyte complex with a negatively charged polymer (PSS). Objects resulting from the complexation between the last block of ABC-triblock and PSS were characterized by 1H NMR, DLS, diffusional NMR and TEM. Their behavior in aqueous solution was also investigated depending on pH and temperature

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-30T13:56:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 religiao_2.0.pdf: 1993537 bytes, checksum: 07622ef78415fed4d79849a05a040ed1 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-30T13:56:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 religiao_2.0.pdf: 1993537 bytes, checksum: 07622ef78415fed4d79849a05a040ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho busca analisar os processos de interação entre igreja e fiéis a partir do blog do bispo Edir Macedo, líder da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD). Hospedado através do portal Arca Universal, o blog é um ambiente potencializador de novas formas de contato entre o mundo religioso e o mundo dos credos. Por meio das possibilidades interacionais da chamada web 2.0, permite aos fiéis internautas coparticiparem desta plataforma digital oferecendo a eles a oportunidade de manifestarem suas religiosidades em caráter multimídia. Nesse sentido, analisamos como o blog de Macedo reconfigura as práticas religiosas com seus fiéis no ambiente interacional da internet. A partir desta questão central, estuda-se o processo de interação estabelecido e os sentidos em circulação por meios das postagens e comentários. O estudo configura-se como uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva de cunho qualitativo em que a metodologia compreende consultas bibliográficas, observação e descrição do objeto empírico. A análise evidencia que o blog fomenta um sentimento de participação criando uma rede de reconhecimento, aproximação, visibilidade e legitimidade.
This research seeks to analyze the processes of interaction between church and faithful from the blog of Bishop Edir Macedo, leader of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (IURD). Hosted by Arca Universal portal, the blog is an environment-enhancing new forms of contact between the religious world and the creeds world. Through the interaction possibilities of so-called Web 2.0, allows Internet users to the faithful co-participate in this digital platform offering them the opportunity to express their religiosity in multimedia character. Accordingly, we analyze how the blog of Macedo reconfigures religious practices with their faithful in the interactive environment of the Internet. From this central question, studies the interaction process and the meanings established in circulation by means of posts and comments. The study appears as a descriptive and qualitative research methodology that includes bibliographic, observation and description of the empirical object. The analysis shows that blog fosters a sense of ownership by creating a network of recognition, approach, visibility and legitimacy.

The present MA thesis analyzes how body and blood functions as historical and narrative elements in Yu Hua's novel Chronicle of a Blood Merchant (1995). In the novel, the story and the plot can not be regarded as disparate items; the two levels of the text are tightly interwoven by what the thesis introduces as a sangvinolent narration. The term conceptualizes the use of blood as a structural element and the thrust of the text, in this case how the ability to sell blood is a prerequisite for the story and the plot. Close readings reveal the structural correlations between the blood-selling main-character Xu Sanguan in the plot on the one hand, and in the story on the other, which can be detected to have, inter alia, an effect on the temporality of the narrative. Themes linked to identity, belonging and survival (performativity, mimicry, reification and alienation) permeate the text. In the novel the body and bodily fluids are sacrificed in order to form and enforce perceptions of identity and societal roles. The rhetorical use of ‘blood and tears’ (Ch. xue yu lei) indicates thematic connections to the Chinese revolutionary literature, and furthermore, the use of flesh and blood can be read in relation to the cannibalistic discourses crucial to Chinese modernity since Lu Xun.

Depuis 2001, date de la création du premier blog iranien et pendant les premières années qui l’ont suivi, la blogosphère a connu un enthousiasme remarquable chez les Iraniens, et ceci, dans une société où l’expression de soi est limitée pour diverses raisons, et que peu de valeur est accordée à l’expression individuelle. L’enquête du terrain (l’analyse de contenu de six mois de billets publiés sur trente blogs et leurs commentaires, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs avec leurs auteurs) permet d’explorer deux principales raisons du blogging mais aussi celle de son abandon. Dans la première partie, nous aborderons la question de la construction de soi. Nous montrerons qu’avec la reconnaissance et l’estime des lecteurs, les blogueurs prennent conscience de leurs différentes capacités. L’écriture du blog leur donne également la possibilité d’être comme il le souhaite et non pas comme la société, la famille ou l’État leur impose. En cela, l’usage du blog participe à la construction d’un soi plus épanoui, plus authentique et plus individualisé. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’étude de l’établissement et de la conservation des liens créés sur les blogs. L’étude du terrain montre que la blogosphère iranienne est constituée de multitudes cercles sociaux et que chaque blogueur se situe à l’intérieur d’un ou plusieurs cercles. Nous analyserons comment ces cercles sont construits et quels rôles ils jouent dans la construction et la conservation des liens. Mais ces liens sont construits et conservés selon certaines règles dont nous étudierons les principales formes. La dernière partie se prête à étudier la question de l’abandon du blog en situant les pratiques des blogueurs dans le contexte actuel de la société iranienne
Since 2001, when the first Iranian blog was created, blogging has been received with remarkable enthusiasm among Iranians, and this has taken place in a society where self expression is limited for various reasons and little value is accorded to individual expression. The empirical field investigation (content analysis of six month of the post published on thirty blogs and their comments, as semi-structured interviews with their authors) allowed us to explore two main reasons for blogging, but also for their abandonment. In the first part, we tackle the question of self construction. We show that recognition and esteem of readers, make the bloggers aware of their different capacities. Blogging gives them the possibility of being as they wish and not what the society, the family or the state imposes. In this respect, blogging participates in construction of a self more fulfilled, more authentic and more individualized. The second part is devoted to the study of the establishment and conservation of the relationship created on blogs. Field study shows that Iranian blogosphere is constituted by multiple social circles. Every blogger is within one or several circle. We analyze how these circles are constructed and what role they play in forming and conserving of the relationships. These relationships are shaped according to certain rules of which the main is examined. Finally, the last part studies the question of blog abandonment, placing the blogger’s practice in current context of Iranian society

Child Sexual Abuse is a serious and complex issue for South Africa, demonstrating one of the highest prevalence rates in the world. Scarcity of professional resources demands effective intervention through prevention programmes which largely rely on non-profit organisations as a last hope to decrease the excessively high rates of abuse. Due to lack of resources within the non-profit organisations, they largely rely on volunteers who are often from the late adolescent developmental stage to present these prevention programmes. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of emerging adult volunteers presenting a sensitive child sexual abuse prevention programme in schools in South Africa. The objectives were to gain further insight and understanding into the late adolescent developmental stage in regard to the participants’ views of presenting a child sexual abuse prevention programme and to identify what aspects of the programme should be altered, improved or continued to avoid risk and harm to these volunteers. The research approach was qualitative, with the use of case-study and phenomenological strategies that allowed for in-depth insight into how a small group of late adolescents made sense of their experiences and transformed these into subjective, conscious meanings. Criterion-based sampling was used to find the participants who had previously presented the child sexual abuse prevention programme. Data were collected by means of six semi-structured one-on-one interviews and six open-ended questionnaires with twelve participants between the ages of 18-22. Common themes, patterns, and regularities that recurred throughout the interviews and open-ended questionnaires were identified and the main themes that were evident formed the overall image reflective of the experiences of the volunteers. The findings suggest that the late adolescent stage may be a good age group for presenting this challenging and imperative task. To allow for the most positive impact and avoid harm it is, however, essential that non-experiences of late adolescents presenting a child sexual abuse prevention programme profit organisations provide adequate psychological and emotional support to the volunteers throughout the duration of the programme. The study shows that late adolescents, who felt they had received adequate psychological support, indicated an overall more beneficial and rewarding experience. Participants who felt they had not received sufficient support, reported feelings of helplessness and depressive thoughts, indicating emotional and possibly psychological harm. The study highlights the necessity for adequate support of the late adolescent volunteers presenting sensitive programmes in the future.
Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The Bay of Islands Ophiolitic Complex (BOIC) is one of most well preserved and well-exposed ophiolites in the world. The BOIC consist of four massifs; these are the Table Mountain (TBL), North Arm Mountain (NAM), Blow-Me-Down Mountain (BMD) and Lewis Hills massifs. Proposed geological environments of the BOIC in Newfoundland are diverse; ranging from oceanic spreading ridge to supra-subduction setting. The BOIC has a complete ophiolite sequence as defined at the Penrose Conference (Anonymous, 1972) including ultramafic mantle rocks, ultramafic to gabbroic cumulate rocks, sheeted dikes, pillowed basaltic rocks and capping sedimentary rocks in structurally ascending order. We studied harzburgite and overlying massive dunite in the BOIC. Harzburgite is generally medium-grained, and contains olivine, orthopyroxene, Cr-spinel, clinopyroxene and rare sulfide minerals. Harzburgite is massive to strongly deformed, with local development of mylonitic shear zones. A foliation and lineation are defined by elongated and fragmented grains of orthopyroxene and Cr-spinel. Dikes, sills, veins, and irregularly-shaped bodies of dunite and pyroxenite are present throughout the harzburgite unit. Dunite is the predominant lithology of the Blow-Me-Down Mountain. It is typically fine- to medium-grained, massive, and contains minor Cr-spinel and rare sulfide minerals. Dunite contains olivine, Cr-spinel and minor pyroxenes in some samples. Olivine crystals are commonly partly replaced by serpentine along fractures and in outer rims. Bulk rock and mineral composition data suggest that harzburgites are mild to highly refractory mantle residues after partial melting. In contrast all dunite samples show a cumulate geochemical signature from a mafic melt that originated from highly refractory mantle peridotites. Our study suggest that the harzburgite in the BOIC originally formed as oceanic lithosphere at a slow spreading ridge, possibly in the vicinity of active arc systems, whereas the parental melt for dunites formed in subduction setting. The second part of this study measured trace element compositions for olivine, Cr-spinel and bulk rock of dunite. The measured bulk rock compositions are compared to those of calculated based on mineral chemistry and their abundance. This comparison suggests that the trapped melt fraction was negligible during the crystallization of the dunites. The calculated melt compositions for the dunites confirm that the melt formed in subduction setting.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-24T16:16:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Júlia Capovilla Luz Ramos_.pdf: 119661523 bytes, checksum: a7441610d9a4d85822bae6a24151b4c9 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T16:16:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Júlia Capovilla Luz Ramos_.pdf: 119661523 bytes, checksum: a7441610d9a4d85822bae6a24151b4c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-05
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A partir da disponibilização dos jornais de maior circulação do Brasil na Internet, e suas posteriores reconfigurações no espaço virtual, percebemos que os blogs de fotografia de O Globo (FotoGlobo), O Estado de S. Paulo (Olhar sobre o Mundo), Zero Hora (FocoBlog), Diário Gaúcho (Diário da Foto) e Correio do Povo (FotoCorreio) despontam como lugares de comentário das práticas fotojornalísticas. Os fotojornalistas, ao postarem nesses blogs, acabam repetidas vezes, realizando monitoramentos das rotinas profissionais e mobilizando saberes mútuos e compartilhados entre seus pares; ora tentando extrair-lhes regras, ora deixando-se levar por elas. Para Foucault (1986, p.136), todas as práticas são discursivas e deixam transparecer um conjunto de regras anônimas e históricas capazes de condicionar as ações dos sujeitos ao mesmo tempo em que são recriadas por eles, num movimento contínuo de autorreflexão e monitoramento reflexivo dos diferentes atores sociais. Podemos dizer, portanto, que há um saber contido nestes blogs, que não se encontra em estado bruto, mas que se anuncia por meio de reflexões acerca do fazer fotojornalístico e que se mostra específico e localizado, praticado por fotógrafos atuantes na imprensa, principalmente a diária. Este material nos oportuniza acessar à atividade para tentar entendê-la, funcionando como um dispositivo de revelação do saber fotojornalístico, bem como nos possibilita perceber como os próprios repórteres fotográficos pensam ser suas rotinas, as mudanças na profissão e seu papel social na atualidade. É, portanto, a partir da recorrência produtiva e discursiva dos fotógrafos nas postagens destes blogs que chegaríamos a um primeiro entendimento sobre que profissão é essa, qual a sua especificidade e quais as transformações sofridas ao longo do tempo. Isso, contudo, somado a outros movimentos de pesquisa, como a aplicação de enquetes e a realização de entrevistas, além do acompanhamento das rotinas produtivas na redação de dois dos principais jornais do Rio Grande do Sul. Este conjunto de enunciados nos ajudou a tencionar o próprio espaço dos blogs como lugar de reflexão das práticas, observando as mudanças na utilização da plataforma e seu ciclo de vida na web de 2009 a 2015. Um espaço que se diferencia tanto dos manuais e dos livros de fotografia no que se refere à discussão da práxis, quanto dos próprios jornais aos quais estão ligados ao serem percebidos pelos fotógrafos como lugares livres da tirania cronoespacial, temática e estética dos impressos, tornando-se sítios heterotópicos capazes de suportar narrativas poéticas. É justamente nesta aparente lacuna bibliográfica, portanto, que se insere a proposta de investigação “Heterotopias fotojornalisticas: os blogs de fotografia dos jornais impressos de maior circulação do Brasil como espaços de produção e reflexão do saber e das práticas fotojornalísticas na contemporaneidade”. Ao fim e ao cabo, com ela pretendemos, sobremaneira, entender como os próprios fotojornalistas que compõem o quadro desses jornais discutem o exercício da profissão dentro do espaço dos blogs de fotografia aos quais estão ligados institucionalmente, produzindo um discurso de si e da atividade, e como isso reverbera nas bases disciplinares do campo fotojornalístico até hoje.
Taken from the most widely circulated online newspapers in Brazil, the photography blogs from O Globo (FotoGlobo), O Estado de S. Paulo (Olhar sobre o Mundo), Zero Hora (FocoBlog), Diário Gaúcho (Diário da Foto) and Correio do Povo (FotoCorreio) stood out as places where the practice of photojournalism is commented on. When photojournalists post their blogs, they are simultaneously monitoring the routines of professionals and sharing knowledge among their peers. Foucault (1986, p.136) states that all practices are discursive and reflect a set of anonymous and historical rules which shape the actions of subjects while these subjects themselves create new rules in a constant state of self-reflection and reflective monitoring of different social actors. This leads us to the understanding that there is knowledge contained within these blogs, not a raw kind of knowledge, but one that is spread on a daily basis by current press photojournalists as they are practicing photojournalism. This material helped us to understand the practice and provided information about photojournalism as well as giving us some insight as to what photojournalist reporters think about their routines, the changes in the professions and their current role in society. And it is through these photographers’ constant discourse and writing on their blogs that has given us a better understanding of what the profession is, what its specific nature is and what the changes are that have affected it over time. Other forms of research like surveys and interviews as well as accompanying production routines in newsrooms from two main newspapers from Rio Grande do Sul has also brought us to this current understanding. This set of criteria has led us to think of blogs as a space for reflecting on the practice, observing the changes to the platform and its life cycle on the web from 2009 to 2015. This is a space dissimilar to both photography manuals and books (which are related to the praxis) and the newspapers themselves, which photographers view as places free from the chronospatial, thematic and esthetic suppression of printed press, thereby becoming heterotopical sites capable of supporting poetic narratives. It is within this bibliographic gap that the research proposal “Heteropia in photojournalism: photography blogs from the most widely circulated newspapers in Brazil as spaces for producing and reflecting on contemporary photojournalism practices” fits in. Ultimately, we intend to understand what photojournalists from these newspapers think about the profession as it is conducted within institutional photography blogs, thereby encouraging discourse on the activity and on how it is reflected on the disciplines of photojournalism.

Le Bloc du Gaviao situé à l'ouest du craton de Sao Francisco (BahiaBrésil), enregistre les âges les plus anciens de l'Amérique du Sud. Grâce aux datations 207Pb/2o6Pb sur monozircon et monazite, aux données isotopiques du Sr et 1 du Nd et aux modélisations géochimiques des sources, trois domaines ont pu être 1 distingués: 1) Un domaine archéen juvénile constitué de gneiss gris (massif de Bernada) qui a été extrait du manteau vers 3,3 Ga. 2) Un domaine archéen recyclé, ou juvénile avec contamination crustale, constitué de gneiss gris trondhjémitiques (massif d'Aracatu) et d'orthogneiss monzogranitiques calco-alcalins riches en potassium (massifs de Mariana et d'Eixo). Les âges sont, respectivement, de 3240 ± 10,.3259 ± 7 et 3158 ± 5 Ma et les âgés-modèles Nd varient de 3,3 à 3,7 Ga. Le massif d'Eixo est recoupé par des granites alcalins vers 2,5 Ga. 3) Un domaine protérozoïque inférieur recyclé, représenté principalement par les granites peralumineux d'Umburanas dont les âges des zircons hérités sont compris entre 2780 ± 6 et 3130 ± 7 Ma tandis que l'âge monazite est de 2049 ± 6 Ma. Des granites cal co-alcalins riches en potassium recoupent le massif d'Aracatu à 2135 ± 4 Ma et le massif de Mariana à 1944 ± 7 Ma. Le massif de Serra da Franga, un granite de même nature, a été daté par monozircon à 2039 ± 11 Ma. La présence d'événements plus récents a été détectée à travers la datation des monazites du massif d'Aracatu (1735 ± 5 Ma) et l'influence thermique de l'orogenèse brésilienne à partir de datations Rb-Sr sur biotites et roches totales des* massifs de Serra do Eixo (533 ± 11 Ma) et d'Aracatu (508± 10 Ma) Le Bloc du Gaviao est l'exemple d'une croûte continentale archéenne qui a été recyclée par des mécanismes de migmatisation et d'anatexie liés à l'épaississement crustal résultant de l'orogenèse transamazonienne (2,0-2,1 Ga).

Bakgrund: I Sverige beräknas över 4000 personer vara drabbade av Narkolepsi. Narkolepsi är en neurologisk kronisk sjukdom som innebär att den drabbade har störd reglering av sömn och vakenhet. Kärnsymtomen är dagtrötthet och kataplexiattacker. Kvantitativa studier har visat att symtomen av narkolepsi påverkar uppfattningen av livskvalitet negativt. Syfte: Att belysa vuxna personers upplevelser av livskvalité efter att ha drabbats av narkolepsi. Metod: Kvalitativ metod där bloggtexter analyseras med innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två domäner. Domänen ”Möjliggörande av god livskvalité” presenterar en kategori; Strategier för att uppnå god livskvalitet och betydelsen av stöd från omgivningen. Domänen ”Begränsningar av livskvalité” presenterar tre kategorier; Symtom som skapar socialt handikapp, Allmänhetens okunskap och upplevelser av blandade känslor samt Att tvingas planera och prioritera för att orka med vardagen Slutsats: Narkolepsi påverkar upplevelsen av livskvalité negativt. Symtom som okontrollerbar sömnighet dagtid och kataplexier kan orsaka skam och rädsla att vistas i sociala sammanhang. Strategier för att minska symtom, ökad förståelse för de drabbades upplevelser av sjukdomen och stöd från omgivningen kan bidra till att hjälpa de som drabbas till en ökad livskvalité.

Submitted by Olenêva Sousa (oleneva.sanches@gmail.com) on 2014-01-06T20:18:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Olenêva Sanches Sousa_dissertação.pdf: 2269813 bytes, checksum: f99303e651391cfe30f782217f63e9df (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2014-01-22T19:12:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Olenêva Sanches Sousa_dissertação.pdf: 2269813 bytes, checksum: f99303e651391cfe30f782217f63e9df (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-22T19:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Olenêva Sanches Sousa_dissertação.pdf: 2269813 bytes, checksum: f99303e651391cfe30f782217f63e9df (MD5)
Esta pesquisa preocupou-se com os cursos de formação para a docência em Matemática e teve foco nos currículos da Licenciatura em Matemática, questionando seus propósitos e responsabilidades para com a construção de uma concepção de Educação Matemática. Partiu da hipótese de que uma estratégia curricular de participação em uma comunidade cognitiva pode ser contributiva à construção desta concepção e utilizou como objeto empírico o blog Matemáticos Educadores, objetivando evidenciar o seu potencial acadêmico como estratégia curricular à formação do Educador Matemático. Operacionalizou-se com um estudo de caso que se debruçou sobre o aspecto comunicativo das suas participações – edições e comentários – e sobre as avaliações dos seus coautores, tendo como base teórica a Etnomatemática, de D’Ambrosio, e as Comunidades de Prática, de Wenger.
ABSTRACT This study has the intent of reflecting on the training courses for teaching in Mathematics and had its focus on the curriculum of the degree in Mathematics, questioning its purpose and responsibilities to the construction of a concep tion of Mathematics Education. The research started from the thesis that a curriculum strategy for participation in a cognitive community can be contributory to construction of this conception and used the Matemáticos Educadores blog as an empirical object , aiming to highlight its academic potential as a curriculum strategy for Math Educator’s training. It was carried out with a case study that looked into the communicative aspect of their participations - edition and comments - and into the evaluations of his coauthors. It was theoretically based on the Ethnomathematics of D'Ambrosio and the Communities of Practice of Wenge

Enteric viruses are viruses which replicate in the intestinal tract of man and animals. One mode of transmission for enteric viruses is the fecal-oral route. Drinking water which has been contaminated with sewage or sewage effluent has been implicated as a means for the spread of enteric viruses. Monitoring water for virus contamination requires two steps: 1) the collection and the concentration of the water sample and 2) the isolation and identification of the virus present. Current methods for the detection of enteric viruses in water requires the use of animal cell culture. This technique has several drawbacks, such as: 1) long incubation periods, up to two and three weeks, before some enteric viruses are detected, 2) not all viruses can be detected in one cell line, and 3) not all viruses have been grown in cell culture. More rapid techniques, such as fluorescent antibody or radioimmunoassay do not have the needed sensitivity to detect the low levels of virus found in contaminated water. These techniques also require the production of an antibody for each different virus type. An alternative technique for the detection of viruses in water was sought. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology now makes it possible to detect viruses without the use of cell culture or antibodies. Gene probes that hybridize to the RNA of poliovirus and hepatitis A virus were tested for their ability to detect different enteric viruses. The probes were labeled with ³²P dCTP and ³²P dATP to a specific activity greater then 1.0 x 10⁹ cpm/ug DNA. Gene Screen Plus (NEN) was chosen as the hybridization membrane since it was more sensitive to virus detection than the other membranes tested. A dot-blot apparatus (Bio Rad) was used to apply the samples. Results were visualized by autoradiography for thirty-six hours at -70° C. One infectious unit of poliovirus and hepatitis A virus was detected using labeled cDNA probes. Upon comparison, the dot blot assay was as sensitive as tissue culture for the detection of poliovirus in beef extract, secondary effluent, and tapwater. Environmental samples, such as secondary effluent, reclaimed wastewater and unchlorinated drinking water were also assayed for poliovirus and hepatitis A virus with the use of gene probes. The results presented here offer an alternative method for screening water samples for the presence of enteric viruses.

This thesis has analysed the use of blogging within a classroom based ‘2+2’ Early Childhood Studies course. As such the research involved 'non-traditional' learners in that they were mainly women returning to education, initially based in a further education (FE) context. This was an intervention, which aimed to provide practical support for learners as well as an opportunity to explore the value of networking through the production of blogs. A feature of the intervention was that while students were encouraged to use unrestricted blogs they were free to write what they liked and when they liked. The study took place over three years and involved three cohorts of learners (Cohort A n=18; Cohort B n=21; Cohort C n=13; Total n =52). It can be described as a case study on blogging in that the study was concerned to understand a phenomenon in a specific and bounded context. The consistency of findings across the three cohorts meant that the study was considered as a single case albeit differences between cohorts were signalled as and when they came up. The study used a mixed methods approach and reported data on participation rates, content analysis of blogs and the perception of learners through interviews (n=17) and questionnaire responses (total n=32). The key findings were that there were differentiated levels of participation. Within the population ‘Non Contributors’ (n=23); ‘Uncertain Contributors’ (n=5) and ‘Contributors’ (n=16) were identified. The pattern of differentiated blogging activity could be observed across cohorts, albeit with small variations. However, it is important to add that while nearly half of the students in Cohorts B and C did not contribute entries to their blogs, all students became followers of other blogs. Furthermore, all who created a blog succeeded in attracting followers, in some cases quite large numbers of followers. Those who became bloggers were not especially skilled with technology or necessarily more academically able. Rather they tended to be people who saw the point of blogging and got satisfaction from blogging. Through their resilience they gained readers and received feedback on their blogs in ways in which uncertain bloggers did not. As for the reading of the blogs; students accessed blogs because they valued the content for throwing light on course material, extending the curriculum and offering multi-media formats. Gaining a sense of community was a big motivator for students to take the time to look at the blogs. Those who contributed the most (the Contributors) appeared to take on a special role within the group. They felt a particular concern for other people’s learning in some cases taking on a kind of mentoring role. There were several explanations as to why students were constrained in their blogging or why they did not blog at all: pressure of time, difficulties in access, uncertain online literacy skills, a perceived lack of value, a feeling of being vulnerable or exposed. It was clear that there were both technical and literacy barriers to participation. The implications of the study are that there is a value to blogging and students and practitioners are recommended to introduce blogging (or other online networking) in order to enhance and extend teaching and learning. However there is no simple solution to the organising of blogs. For example there remains a tension between providing bloggers with high-direction, perhaps resulting in broader take up, against low-direction, perhaps resulting in narrower but more autonomous use. The asynchronous nature of blogs provides an opportunity for extended reflection, but also an opportunity to avoid responding and the anxiety of leaving permanent records of contributions. The study is carefully positioned as offering both encouragement and realism about blogging.

En période électorale et plus globalement dans un contexte de crise démocratique, le politique investit souvent un ou plusieurs outils d’autopublication en ligne. En prenant comme cas particulier le blog, nous tâcherons de comprendre pourquoi et comment le politique utilise cet outil. De manière plus spécifique, notre travail interroge la notion d’« usage communicationnel ». Peut-on envisager une« construction » et une « forme » de cet usage ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d’une autonomie du politique concernant l’usage du blog ? Qu’en est-il de la communication entendue comme relation, échange ? Pour y répondre et rendre compte d’une dynamique sociotechnique, nous convoquons une approche systémique à l’égard du blog. À travers une analyse qualitative à la fois synchronique et diachronique (2008-2011), nous mettons en parallèle quatre blogs dont deux appartiennent à des politiques français (Dominique Bertinotti et Bertrand Delanoë) et deux à des politiques roumains (Diana Tusa et Dragos Dinca). En dépit de leurs différences, ces blogs - en l’occurrence les usages qui leurs sont attribués - reflètent un certain nombre de ressemblances regroupées autour du concept de « logique de l’usage ». Nos études de cas relèvent la présence de deux types de logiques. La première est la « logique de diffusion », une logique qui demeure dominante et pour qui le rôle des médias reste prépondérant. La deuxième, la « logique de participation » est bien plus visible en période électorale. Par ailleurs, en creusant le fil d’un échange entre le politique et les internautes, l’enquête révèle une véritable problématique d’ordre identitaire concernant les politiques, éditeurs des blogs
During an election period, and more generally in the current context of ademocratic crisis, politicians often invest one or several self-publishing tools online.Taking the blog as a special case, we will try to understand why and how politiciansuse this tool. More specifically, our work questions the notion of “communicative use”.Can we consider a “construction” and a “form” of this use? To what extent can wespeak of a politician’s autonomy regarding the use of his blog? What aboutcommunication understood as a relationship, an exchange? To answer these questionsand examine a socio-technical dynamic, we need a systemic approach regarding theblog. Through a qualitative analysis, both synchronic and diachronic (2008-2011), fourblogs were studied in parallel: two belong to French politicians (Dominique Bertinottiand Bertrand Delanoë) and two to Romanian politicians (Tusa and Diana DragosDinca). Despite their differences, these blogs – and more specifically the usesattributed to them - reflect a number of similarities grouped around the concept of "thelogic of the use". Our case studies showed the presence of two types of logic. The firstis “the logic of broadcasting”, which currently prevails and is largely influenced by themass media. Second, “the logic of participation” is more visible during elections. Also,looking deeper into an exchange between politicians and Internet users, the surveyreveals a genuine identity problem regarding those very politicians

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karine Guerra dos Santos.pdf: 2397037 bytes, checksum: 67e7266880956d79ba01bcfdbdfbb1ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This research concerns to a case study performed with thirty students studying English language in a language school in the city of São Paulo. It was elaborated a 2-month project planning in order to use a significant pedagogic support tool in which the student would have the opportunity of working with something from his daily life, in addition to face to face class. Thus, the teacher/researcher has created a blog to investigate if this virtual environment would contribute for the development and construction of knowledge through interaction with and collaboration between student/student and student/teacher. Furthermore, this study aims identifying if the affective ties would collaborate to a significant learning of English Language. For analyzing the comments and posts from the blog, this research was based on Socio-interactionism and on the Communicative Approach. After two months of project performance, the investigation showed the blog was very efficient as a virtual learning community by propitiating the interaction and to the project attendants in target-language.
Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado com trinta alunos que cursam língua inglesa em uma escola de idiomas da cidade de São Paulo. Elaborou-se o planejamento de um projeto com duração de dois meses, que visava utilizar uma ferramenta de apoio pedagógico que fosse significativa e que o estudante tivesse a oportunidade de trabalhar com algo que fizesse parte do seu cotidiano, além das aulas presenciais. Dessa forma, a professora/pesquisadora criou um blog no intuito de investigar se esse ambiente virtual contribui para o desenvolvimento e a construção do conhecimento por meio da interação e da colaboração entre aluno/aluno e aluno/professor. Além disso, procurou-se identificar se os vínculos afetivos colaboraram para um aprendizado significativo da língua inglesa. Para a análise dos comentários e postagens do blog, este presente trabalho se baseou no Sóciointeracionismo e na Abordagem Comunicativa. Após os dois meses de projeto, a investigação indicou que o blog apresentou grande efetividade enquanto comunidade virtual de aprendizagem, ao proporcionar a interação e a colaboração na língua-alvo entre os participantes.