Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bloody Brook

Academic literature on the topic 'Bloody Brook'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bloody Brook"

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Kopp, Radovan, Štěpán Lang, Tomáš Brabec, and Jan Mareš. "The influence of physicochemical properties of water on plasma indices in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill) reared under conditions of intensive aquaculture." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 4 (2013): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382040427.

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The breeding of salmonids in intensive aquaculture has increasing importance in terms of high quality fish crude. The aim of our study was to figure out if the physicochemical properties of water can influence the physiological condition of fish organism. Blood samples were taken from the heart of 86 healthy, randomly selected brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with the standard length of 242.3 ± 10.8 mm and body mass of 261.10 ± 29.81 g. Sampling was done on three trout farms in the Czech Republic in the period between autumn 2009 and summer 2011. Blood plasma was analysed for the presence of 23 plasma indices by automated blood plasma analyser. Chemical properties of water had a significant (P < 0.001) influence on the content of alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, amylase, lipase, total protein, albumin, P, Ca and K in plasma of the brook trout. Plasma indices were influenced especially by water temperature, oxygen saturation, and the content of ammonium ions, total nitrogen, iron and conductivity. This is the first complex study focusing on the influence of chemical and physical composition of water on blood plasma indices of brook trout.
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ZUO, X., and P. T. K. WOO. "Natural anti-proteases in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis and the in vitro neutralization of fish α2-macroglobulin by the metalloprotease from the pathogenic haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica." Parasitology 114, no. 4 (April 1997): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182096008578.

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Natural anti-proteases (α1-protease inhibitor (α1-PI; α1-antitrypsin) and α2-macroglobulin (α2-M)) were found in the blood of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis. The α2-M inhibited Cryptobia salmositica proteases and was significantly higher in brook charr than in rainbow trout. Under in vitro conditions it took longer for the same number of parasites to neutralize the α2-M in charr than in trout blood. The haemolysis which occurred when C. salmositica was incubated in the blood of rainbow trout was due to neutralization of α2-M. This in vitro study also showed that it was the metalloprotease of C. salmositica that lysed red blood cells and the plasma of the two species of fishes initially prevented haemolysis by inhibiting the proteolytic activity. We suggest that the natural plasma α2-M plays an important role in defence against cryptobiosis in fishes.
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Własow, T., H. Kuzminski, P. Woznicki, and E. Ziomek. "Blood Cell Alteration in Triploid Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 73, no. 1 (2004): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200473010115.

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Byrne, P., HW Ferguson, JS Lumsden, and VE Ostland. "Blood chemistry of bacterial gill disease in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 10 (1991): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao010001.

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Zachmann, A., S. C. M. Knijff, M. A. Ali, and M. Anctil. "Effects of photoperiod and different intensities of light exposure on melatonin levels in the blood, pineal organ, and retina of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-004.

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Daily variations in the melatonin concentration in the blood, pineal organ, and retina of the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were investigated in July under constant photoperiod (16 h L: 8 h D) and temperature (12 °C). Diel variations in melatonin levels in the blood and pineal organ showed similar patterns, with higher values during the night, whereas melatonin concentrations in the retina increased slightly in the first half of the light period. Light exposure of 1 h duration at mid-dark decreased melatonin levels in the blood and pineal organ in an intensity-dependent manner, whereas retinal melatonin levels increased with increasing light intensities. The minimum light intensity causing significant effects on the melatonin concentrations was 2 lx for the serum and 20 lx for the pineal organ and the retina. The parallelism between pineal and circulating melatonin patterns suggests that the lateral eyes of the trout have no significant endocrine function as far as the melatonin rhythm in the blood is concerned. Supporting evidence comes from the reversed response of retinal melatonin to light exposure at mid-dark, and from the low retinal melatonin concentrations found in this study. Thus, the serum melatonin rhythm of the brook trout seems to be mainly the result of rhythmic melatonin secretion from the pineal organ.
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Řehulka, Jiří, and Bohumil Minařík. "Blood parameters in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815), affected by columnaris disease." Aquaculture Research 38, no. 11 (August 2007): 1182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01786.x.

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Veenstra, Ronald S., Eugene K. Balon, and Christine Flegler-Balon. "Propanidid, a useful anaesthetic for studying blood circulation in early development of fish." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-202.

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The effectiveness of propanidid was tested by comparing it with cocaine hydrochloride, urethane, and traicaine methanesulfonate, anaesthetics already established for studies of early ontogeny in fishes. Free embryos of the brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, and 7-day-old amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae, were anaesthetized with dilute solutions of these drugs. The times taken until the blood elements ceased moving through the capillary loops of the developing caudal fin were compared. Propanidid was found to be superior to the other drugs tested in maintaining the longest duration of unaltered blood flow.
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Marshall, William S. "Sperm duct epithelium of brook trout: Na+ transport and seminal plasma composition." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-272.

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The transport of Na+ by the brook trout sperm duct (ductus deferens) was examined in vitro. Active Na+ uptake (averaging 0.6 μequiv.∙cm−2∙h−1) was not significantly different from transepithelial short-circuit current, indicating that the short-circuit current may be a measure of Na+ net transport. Transepithelial conductance was 4.1 ± 0.2 mS∙cm−2; an initially high short-circuit current and transepithelial potential (4–7 mV, serosa positive) dropped to near zero in the 1st hour in vitro. Short-circuit current and net Na+ transport were stimulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and 3-isobuty-1-methylxanthine; transient stimulations of short-circuit current were elicited using epinephrine (lumenally) and by acetylcholine. Brook trout seminal plasma contained high K+ (25 mM) and low Na+ (119 mM), relative to blood plasma, in part a result of ion transport by the sperm duct epithelium. Seminal plasma composition in turn ensures quiescence of maturing spermatozoa stored in the sperm duct for several weeks prior to spawning.
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Diouf, B., P. Rioux, P. U. Blier, and D. Rajotte. "Use of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) physiological responses to stress as a teaching exercise." Advances in Physiology Education 23, no. 1 (June 2000): S18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.2000.23.1.s18.

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Fish hematological changes during osmotic and cold stress are used to introduce the physiological reactions of the animal to an acute stress. Brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) were subjected to 1 h of stress before being anesthetized and having blood taken from their caudal vein. Glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and osmolarity were determined in the blood samples. Analyses showed that glucose concentration tends to increase and hematocrit tends to decrease in stressed fish. Changes in hemoglobin concentration occurred only in cold-stressed fish. A rise in blood glucose concentration is the result of cortisol secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The glucose produced is used as an osmolyte or energy source to resist or combat the stress. In stressed fish, changes in hematocrit could be the result of the osmoconcentration of the blood plasma, as shown by the increase in osmolarity for the same group. In cold-stressed fish, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration could be the result of hemodilution by body cell water.
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Zaremba, Urszula, Zbigniew Kasprzykowski, and Elżbieta Kondera. "The Influence of Biological Factors on Haematological Values in Wild Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) Nestlings." Animals 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092539.

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Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) is a species with obligatory cainism, in which hatching asynchrony creates a pronounced size hierarchy in nestlings. The size-related competitive advantage of older nestlings means that they tend to dominate the younger ones, and brood reduction occurs in most nests. The aim of the study was to reference values and carry out a haematological examination in order to evaluate the physiological status and health of nestlings with respect to hatching order, brood size, and nest initiation date. To do so, we examined 19 nests with a total of 58 nestlings from a free-living population of this species located in fishpond complexes in the agricultural landscape of eastern Poland. Repeated blood samples (118 in all) were collected from nestlings. The following parameters were measured using fresh full blood: red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin level (Hb), white blood cell count (WBC), and plasma glucose level (Glu). The data were analysed using generalized linear mixed models and linear mixed models ((G)LMM). The study revealed that hatching order, but not brood size or nest initiation date, affected the physical condition of marsh harrier nestlings. Hb levels and RBC counts gradually decreased, whereas Glu levels and WBC counts increased from the first- to the last-hatched nestlings. This result points to the generally poorer condition of the youngest nestlings compared with their older siblings. The poor physiological condition of the youngest nestlings may consequently increase the likelihood of their perishing, and hence, of brood reduction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bloody Brook"

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Silverå, Ejenby Malin. "TRP channels and regulation of blood flow in the brood patch of Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58148.

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During the breeding season Zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, females develops a brood patch on the ventral surface which facilitates heat exchange between the incubating bird and the egg. The brood patch has to be sensitive to changes in temperature, so that the eggs can be kept at an optimal temperature for embryo development. If the egg temperature drops it has to be re-warmed. Mild cooling of the brood patch has been shown to cause cold induced vasodilation, but the responsible mechanism for this is not known. In this study we investigated if known thermoreceptors, TRPV3 and TRPV4, could be involved in the alteration of blood flow. To activate TRPV3 and TRPV4 two agonists, carvacrol and 4α-PDD respectively, were applied on the brood patch. Changes in skin temperature and vascularity were then examined. The results obtained did not reveal any changes in the vascularity. Temperature changes in the skin that could be caused by an alteration in blood flow did not significantly change either. Still, a role of these channels in the brood patch cannot be excluded.

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Books on the topic "Bloody Brook"

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Levin, Ted. Blood Brook: A naturalist's home ground. Post Mills, Vt: Chelsea Green Pub. Co., 1992.

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Centres, Brook Advisory, ed. It's more than weight and blood pressure: The enhanced role of the family planning nurse : report of a conference held by Brook Advisory Centres on 19 June 1996. London: Brook Advisory Centres, 1997.

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Gregory, L. Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure Log Book: Paul Cezanne the Brook. Independently Published, 2019.

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Newman, Brooke N. A Dark Inheritance. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300225556.001.0001.

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Focusing on Jamaica, Britain’s most valuable colony in the Americas by the mid-eighteenth century, A Dark Inheritance explores the relationship between racial classifications and the inherited rights and privileges associated with British subject status. Brooke Newman reveals the centrality of notions of blood and blood mixture to evolving racial definitions and sexual practices in colonial Jamaica and to legal and political debates over slavery and the rights of imperial subjects on both sides of the Atlantic. Weaving together a diverse range of sources, Newman shows how colonial racial ideologies rooted in fictions of blood ancestry at once justified permanent, hereditary slavery for Africans and barred members of certain marginalized groups from laying claim to British liberties on the basis of hereditary status. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that challenges to an Atlantic slave system underpinned by distinctions of blood had far-reaching consequences for British understandings of race, gender, and national belonging.
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Blue-Blooded Cavalryman: Captain William Brooke Rawle in the Army of the Potomac, May 1863-August 1865. The Kent State University Press, 2019.

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Pill, Jason. Diabetes Log Book: Halloween Witch Broom Stick Creepy Sexy Costume 120 Pages, 59 Weeks, 6X9 Inches, Blood Sugar and Hypertension Journal. Independently Published, 2020.

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Burton, Matthew W. The river of blood and the valley of death: The lives of Robert Selden Garnett and Richard Brooke Garnett, C.S.A. : Two cousins for the cause. General's Books, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bloody Brook"

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DeLucia, Christine M. "The Gathering Place." In Memory Lands. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300201178.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the “Great River” (Kwinitekw or Connecticut River) that runs the length of the Northeast, and the multi-layered histories involved at its midpoint. At Peskeomskut, Algonquians from multiple tribal communities had gathered for thousands of years for fishing, planting, and socializing. This important waterfall came under attack in May 1676 in the latter stages of King Philip’s War, as colonial troops endeavoured to subdue and displace Algonquians who had not surrendered by that point in the conflict. These tensions arose from several decades of colonization in the river valley, which entangled Natives and colonizers in fur-trading relationships that sometimes spiralled into coercion and violence. Following the massacre of 1676 (led by William Turner), many Algonquian survivors regrouped with Native communities in other parts of the Northeast or followed a widespread diaspora in pursuit of safety. The chapter turns to how colonists at places like Deerfield, Massachusetts engaged in remembrance of the violences at the falls and nearby “Bloody Brook,” through ephemeral as well as more tangible processes. It accounts for the emergence of heritage organizations like the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, which pursued an extensive place-marking campaign in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Stephen T. Hurley. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch21.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Waquoit Bay is a coastal estuary located on the south side of Cape Cod. The primary rivers feeding the bay, the Quashnet and Childs rivers, are small, coldwater, groundwater-fed streams. Most of the watersheds of both rivers were originally set aside in the 1600s as a plantation for the Native American Mashpee Wampanoag tribe. The rivers were heavily modified in the late 1700s by the building of mill dams and later in the 1800s by cranberry agriculture. The anadromous Brook Trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis </em>fisheries in both rivers were acclaimed in the early 1800s. Anadromous river herring <em>Alosa </em>spp. runs were created on both streams by connecting the streams to Johns Pond, a natural kettle hole pond. After anadromous Brook Trout populations declined due primarily to habitat loss, efforts were initiated in the 1950s to restore anadromy to Brook Trout in Cape Cod rivers by overstocking with hatchery Brook Trout. After this project, land protection along the river started with the purchase of abandoned cranberry bogs. Both rivers were heavily stocked with Brown Trout <em>Salmo trutta </em>in the 1970s and 1980s to create a sea-run Brown Trout fishery. In 1976, Trout Unlimited began an ongoing habitat improvement project in the Quashnet River. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rapid development of Cape Cod threatened the watershed. In 1988, the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve was formed and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts purchased land in the watershed to preserve it as open space. As part of the purchase agreement, a potential well site was reserved, which led to studies by the U.S. Geological Survey on the hydrology of the Quashnet River and the impact of potential wells. In the early 1990s, fisheries management shifted away from the stocking of Brown Trout to focus on the native Brook Trout fishery. The Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge, a consortium of landowners centered on Waquoit Bay, was formed in 1995. In 1997, the contaminant ethylene dibromide from the former Otis Air Force Base Superfund site was found to be entering the upper Quashnet River. This led to the creation of a system of berms and groundwater extraction systems. The failure of part of the berm system led to concerns about fisheries impacts, and a restoration plan was developed. A Brook Trout passive integrated transponder tagging project was initiated on the Quashnet River in 2007, and the Brook Trout population has been annually sampled since 2000. In 2008–2010, adult wild Brook Trout from the Quashnet River were transplanted to the Childs River and a wild Brook Trout population was reestablished. Nitrogen loading from the watershed has become a major issue for the Waquoit Bay estuary, causing algae blooms and water-quality impacts. The fisheries of the Waquoit Bay tributaries have been protected and enhanced by an ongoing combination of land protection, fisheries management and research activities, and habitat improvements involving a wide variety of partners. Watershed development and potential climate change continue to threaten both the estuarine resources of Waquoit Bay and the native freshwater and diadromous fisheries of its tributaries.
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Corthron, Kia. "Un Poco Loco." In The Essential Clarence Major, 320–23. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469656007.003.0035.

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—for Bud To start, I have to draw blood, find the right weakness, show my grief, just to get things moving: sweep a bit, dust my broom, and since what I’m after is so abstract, I bump hard into chrome, into the cluttered tables. This one nearly killed me:...
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Jenkins, Jennifer L. "Chapter 15. Adaptation as Mutation: In Cold Blood (1967)." In ReFocus: The Literary Films of Richard Brooks, 215–30. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474496599-018.

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North, Michael. "Two Strangers in the American Language: William Carlos Williams and Jean Toomer." In The Dialect of Modernism, 147–74. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085167.003.0007.

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Abstract The December 1922 issue of Broom included a brief sketch that already seemed to justify its high hopes for a new art as American as skyscrapers and jazz. Aesthetically Jean Toomer’s “Seventh Street” was as original as anything Broom would publish, and its subject matter was immediate, timely, and American: “Seventh Street is a bastard of Prohibition and the War. A crude-boned, soft skinned wedge of nigger life breathing its loafer air, jazz songs and love, thrusting unconscious rhythms, black reddish blood into the white and whitewashed wood of Washington.” The same month this appeared, Waldo Frank took a whole book of such sketches to Horace Liveright, who had just published The Waste Land. A year and a day after he had agreed to publish that poem, Liveright accepted Toomer’s manuscript, which was entitled Cane.
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Turley, Richard E., and Barbara Jones Brown. "Haunted." In Vengeance Is Mine, 385—C47F2. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195397857.003.0047.

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Abstract Some Mountain Meadows Massacre perpetrators quietly live out their lives by hiding their connection with it. Some agonize under their guilt, like George Spencer, who dies at forty-two obsessed with his crime. Philip Klingensmith dies in obscurity far from family. Still full of self-denial, William Dame dies after two strokes. William Stewart suffers repeated accidents and dies of gangrene. John Higbee also lives denying guilt, blaming William Dame and John D. Lee. He dies after a lingering illness, out of his mind. Isaac Haight also dies in obscurity, his body kept in the basement of an inn for many years. Elias Morris falls down an elevator shaft to his death. Nephi Johnson, one of the last to go, dies after screaming in delirium, “Blood! BLOOD! BLOOD!” Juanita Brooks, who witnesses his death, later writes the first scholarly work on the massacre.
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Turner, J. S. "Maintenance of egg temperature." In Avian Incubation, 119–42. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198508106.003.0009.

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Abstract Contact incubation of eggs is one of the most conspicuous features of avian biology. Its purpose is the maintenance of a warm and steady egg temperature, and during incubation, the parent bird undergoes remarkable changes in its behaviour and physiology, all seemingly directed to meeting this need. For example, the pectoral skin of incubating birds, commonly the female, but in some instances the male as well, develops into a fleshy and well-vascularised brood patch, naked of feathers (White and Kinney 1974; Grant 1982; T0ienet al. 1986; Chapter 8). While incubating, the brood patch is pressed against one surface of the egg, warming it, a process known as contact incubation. The transfer of heat into the egg is regulated through adjustments to both blood flow through the brood patch and heat production by the parent, mediated through temperature sensors in the skin of the brood patch (Collias 1964; White and Kinney 1974; Midtgardet al. 1985; Chapter 8). Likewise, many birds construct nests to insulate the eggs against losses of heat from their exposed surfaces. In some instances, the nest completely encloses the egg in its protective environment, although many nests are cup--shaped, open at the top to accommodate the parent whilst it sits on the eggs (Collias 1964; Grant 1982; Skowron and Kern 1984; Chapter 2). Many birds are steady incubators, sitting on the eggs without interruption from the completion of the clutch to hatching. However, many are intermittent incubators, leaving the nest periodically during the day to feed or defend the territory around the nest. These absences seem timed to limit the extent to which the eggs cool during the absence: in colder conditions, the absences are shorter, while warmer conditions are correlated with longer absences (Turner 1994a; Chapters 6 and 15).
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Wohl, Ellen. "August: Legacy Effects." In Saving the Dammed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943523.003.0011.

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Emily Dickinson wrote a lovely poem using a brook as a metaphor for one’s interior life. The poem includes the lines: . . . And later, in August it may be, When the meadows parching lie, Beware lest this little brook of life Some burning noon go dry! . . . No chance of the little brook going dry if it runs through a beaver meadow. The movement of water across and through the North St. Vrain beaver meadow has slowed perceptibly by August. Some of the secondary channels barely flow and the main channel is easily crossed on foot. The water remains high in the main beaver pond, but few of the small dams winding across the meadow have water spilling over them. My feet are less likely to sink into wet black muck as I wander through the meadow, and even the moose tracks leave less of an imprint in the drying soil. Plenty of water remains, however, and the meadow is a much brighter shade of green than the adjacent, drier hill slopes. Many flowers remain in bloom across the meadow. Stalks bristling with the elaborate, richly pink blossoms of elephant’s head rise above standing water. Dusky purple monkshood flowers in slightly drier soil, as do the showy blue and white columbines. The blue bell-shaped flowers of harebell mark the driest sites. The late-summer flowers are joined now by the spreading tan or scarlet caps of fungi, as well as green berries on the ground juniper and kinnikinnick growing on the drier terrace beside the beaver meadow. Songbirds born this summer are fully feathered and capable fliers, and some of the birds have already left the meadow for the year. Early morning temperatures carry a hint of the coming autumn. The beaver kits grow steadily more capable, too, and by now they are used to foraging on their own. Presumably, this frees the breeding adult female for more time spent in dam and lodge repair or starting the food cache for the coming winter.
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"A warning to the dragon and all his angels." In Prophetic Writings Of Lady Eleanor Davies, edited by Esther S. Cope, 1–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078756.003.0001.

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Abstract Grace be to you and Peace from God the Father, and from our Lord JESUS CHRIST, who gave himselfe for our Sinnes; and in the absence of his Body for a remembrance the Blessed Supper, till his second appearing. As often as we taste thereof, he takes it as a token we are not unmindful! of his tender mercy that tasted Death it selfe for us; so many melting trials and torments, the innocent Lambe for a brood of Vipers, whose damme is Death whose sting is Sinne, he that washed us in his owne Blood unto whome there is no accesse but by Faith; Behold hee commeth, and every eye shall see him.
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Carpenter, Stephen R., Richard C. Lathrop, Peter Nowak, Elena M. Bennett, Tara Reed, and Patricia A. Soranno. "The Ongoing Experiment: Restoration of Lake Mendota and Its Watershed." In Long-Term Dynamics Of Lakes In The Landscape, 236–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136906.003.0012.

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Abstract When Wakefield’s battalion pursued the Sauk warriors led by Chief Black Hawk through the uncharted wilds of southern Wisconsin, the lands surrounding the lakes supported wetlands, prairies, oak savannas, and forests (Curtis 1959). Wakefield’s account, and paleolimnology, tells us that the lakes were clear with light-colored sediment (Hurley et al. 1992, Kitchell and Sanford 1992, Kitchell and Carpenter 1993). By the late 1840s, clearing ofland for agriculture was well under way (Lathrop 1992a), as the city of Madison and the newly founded University of Wisconsin were developing on Lake Mendota’ s shore. By 1880, newspaper accounts regularly reported blooms of noxious algae and fish kills in the Madison lakes (Brock 1985). Subsequent studies of lake sediments show dramatic changes in the lake’s plankton at about this time (Hurley et al. 1992, Kitchell and Sanford 1992, Kitchell and Carpenter 1993).
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Conference papers on the topic "Bloody Brook"

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Nichols, W. L., S. E. Kaese, D. A. Gastineau, L. A. Otteman, and E. J. W. Bowie. "BERNARD-SOULIER SYNDROME: WHOLE BLOOD DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS OF PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644561.

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Diagnosis of Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is complicated by the difficulty of separating the giant platelets from other blood cells to pursue analyses of platelet function and structure. We report on the utility of three whole blood assay techniques for diagnosis of a patient with BSS. To our knowledge, these three techniques have not been simultaneously applied or compared for efficacy in laboratory diagnosis of BSS. (1) Whole blood platelet aggregation responses, studied with an electrical impedence aggregometer, were equivalent to those more laboriously obtained using platelet-rich plasma prepared by unit gravity sedimentation, studied with an optical light transmittance aggregometer. Platelet aggregation responses were normal with ADP or collagen stimulation, and absent with Ristocetin or bovine plasma stimulation. (2) Whole blood radioimmunoassay of platelet glycoprotein (GP) expression was performed using iodinated murine monoclonal antibodies HP1-1D (anti-GP IIb/IIIa) and 6D1 (anti-GPlb, kindly supplied by Dr. Barry Coller, Stony Brook, NY). After incubation with citrated whole blood, centrifugation was used to separate cell-bound antibody which was quantitated with a gamma counter. The patient’s whole blood had a normal level of cell-bound GP Ilb/IIIa, but a markedly reduced level of cell-bound GP lb (5% of normal mean; n = 20). (3) Whole blood smear immunocytochemical staining with the monoclonals (indirect immuno-alkaline phosphatase technique), and qualitative analysis by light microscopy, revealed a marked reduction of GP lb expression by the patient’s giant platelets, whereas GP Ilb/IIIa expression was normal. This latter technique might be especially valuable as a screening technique when the patient is not directly available for laboratory study. Together with the patient’s life-long history of thrombocytopenia and moderate bleeding diathesis, and other laboratory observations including markedly prolonged bleeding times and reduced whole blood prothrombin consumption, these data established diagnosis of BSS. We conclude that these three relatively simple assays of platelets in whole blood should be of particular value in the laboratory differential diagnosis of patients with congenital thrombocytopenias and giant platelet syndromes.
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2

Boekhoven, Renate W., Richard G. P. Lopata, Marcel C. M. Rutten, Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek, and Frans N. van de Vosse. "Novel Strategy of the Determination of Mechanical Properties of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80669.

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Carotid endarterectomy is the procedure of choice in patients with a recent symptomatic stenosis of 70–99%. Currently, the selection of candidates eligible for carotid endarterectomy is based on stenosis size only. However, the treatment is only beneficial for patients with unstable plaques, which comprises only 16% of the patient population [1]. Hence, identifying plaque stability at an early stage would permit timely intervention, while substantially reducing overtreatment of stable plaques. The objective of this study is to distinguish between stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques by determining the plaque geometry, the plaque composition and the mechanical properties of plaque components in three dimensions (3D). Mechanical properties from healthy vessels were assessed earlier by van den Broek et al. [2] using ultrasound (US) imaging. They obtained a dynamic dataset in 2D + t. When blood pressure and vessel wall movement are known, mechanical properties can be extracted from these data using a constitutive model. However, atherosclerotic plaques are mostly asymmetric, and present calcifications will cause unfavorable acoustic shadowing when using US. In this study, the focus is on the assessment of plaque geometry, from in vitro echo-CT data, overcoming the aforementioned problems. In an experimental set-up (Fig. 1) both healthy and endarterectomy specimens were mounted, and exposed to physiological intraluminal pressures. Echo-CT was used to image the arterial segments in 3D+t. Automated geometry assessment of the arterial segments will be demonstrated and validated using microCT (μCT).
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3

Heiremans, J., M. Claeys, and A. G. Herman. "DETERMINATION OF CHOLESTERYL HYDROXYOCTADBCADIENOATES IN VASCULAR TISSUE BY HPLC AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643084.

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Accumulation of lipids in the intimal arterial layer, and of cholesterol esters in particular, has been recognised as an early and prominent phenomenon in atherogenesis. Several attempts have been made to link putative peroxidation of these lipids in vivo to causal or deteriorating etiological determinants of plaque formation. The occurrence in advanced human atheromata of oxidized derivatives of cholesteryl linoleate -a major polyunsaturated cholesterol ester species in plasma and vessel wall - has been described by Brooks et al. (Atherosclerosis, 1970,13,223) and a positive correlation between the amount of cholesteryl hydroxyoctadecadienoates (CHODES) and the stage of the lesion has also been reported. In addition Funk and Powell (J. Biol. Chem., 1985,260,7481) have found hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids in normal aorta of different species, wich were strikingly increased after alkaline hydrolysis of total lipids, and this in contrast with the arachidonic acid analogs. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and practical method for specific assay of CHODES, without resorting to laborious saponification and derivatisation procedures required for gas chromatographic analysis, which could moreover augment the risk for artefacts.Dog thoracal aorta was homogenised and lipids were extracted using the Folch method with CHCl3/CH30H;2/l containing 0.05mM butylated hydroxytoluene. Fractionation of CHODES from neutral lipids was carried out by thin-layer chromatography. For detection and quantification a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPI/2) assay method was developed, with UV monitoring at 232nm , a wavelength characteristic for conjugated dienes with vicinal hydroxyl function. Reference compounds and the internal standard for HPLC analysis were synthesized from linoleic acid and 10,13,16-docosatrienoic acid, respectively, by preparation of hydroxy fatty acids with soybean lipoxygenase and subsequent esterification to cholesterol esters with pancreas cholesterol esterase. Confirmation of the structural identity was obtained by mass spectrometry. Artefactual formation of CHODES ex vivo was investigated by subjecting radiolabeled cholesteryl linoleate through the analysis procedure. This method allows the specific detection of CHODES in non-atherosclerotic arteries which was hitherto only reported for human advanced atherosclerotic lesions and is proposed as a sensitive and specific probe for prospective survey of lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic blood vessels.
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