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Guerra, Francisco. "Bloody Good: Pros of Synthetic Blood Substitutes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243889.
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In today's society we unfortunately have and will continue to face the effects of issues such as war, poverty, trauma, and death; all of which have had an impact on the lives of people within these societies, be it religious, medical or social. An important, yet subtle common denominator present within these issues is blood. Blood and its transfusion have had an enormous impact on these issues and disappointingly, today doctors have been facing increasing difficulties with providing blood to those who need it; mainly shortages and donor complications. Today and in past decades researchers and medical doctors have been increasing their focus on the study of blood and its many fascinating features so as to create a relatively ideal blood substitute. The focus of this thesis is to acknowledge the progressions being made in the creation of blood substitutes and to gain an understanding of the positive impacts it would have on society as a whole. With blood substitutes one would not have to worry about donors, infections, or shortages. We delve into a world full of issues related to blood where scientists strive to create a substance that can meet the important goal blood accomplishes; maintaining life.
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McLoughlin, Nigel. "Blood." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428639.
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Jansson, Anna, and Ines Ungermann. "Bloddonation : Icke bloddonatorers skäl till att inte donera blod." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200487.
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Inledning: Sjukvården är beroende av frivilliga bloddonatorer. Det behövs alltid fler bloddonatorer då vi med dagens sjukvård kan utföra alltmer avancerad kirurgi samt rädda och hjälpa allt fler sjuka samt skadade, med hjälp av blod från frivilliga donatorer. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka skäl som anges till att inte donera blod, samt undersöka om viljan att ge blod skiljer sig beroende på kön, ålder och om man har yrkes- eller studieanknytning till sjukvård. Syftet var också att undersöka vilka faktorer potentiella blodgivare anger som motiverande till att donera blod. Metod: Denna uppsats baseras på en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie, bestående av en webbenkät som delats av författarnas på det sociala mediet Facebook. Enkäten vände sig till personer som enligt blodcentralens kriterier får donera blod, totalt inkom 90 svar, med ett bortfall på totalt 11 personer. Enkäter analyserades sedan kvantitativt med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat: Studien visar att den vanligaste orsaken till att respondenten inte gått och donerat blod är att de tillfrågade har tänkt på det men att det inte blivit av. Det finns ingen skillnad i motivationen att donera blod gällande kön, ålder och om man har yrkes-/studieanknytning till sjukvården. Det som respondenterna uppgett som mest motiverande till att gå och donera blod är att få svar på olika provsvar som till exempel kolesterol och infektionsparametrar. Slutsats: Att försöka göra blodgivningen mer tillgänglig skulle förhoppningsvis kunna öka antalet blodgivare, eftersom en tredjedel av de tillfrågade har tänkt på det, men att det inte blivit av. Att erbjuda bloddonatorerna svar på olika blodprover skulle troligtvis också öka chanserna för att flera personer ska bli återkommande bloddonatorer.Introduction: Hospitals and general healthcare are dependent on volunteers to donate blood. Due to today’s advanced surgery there is an everlasting need for new and more blood donors. With the aid of donated blood more people in need could receive the appropriate treatment. Aim: The aim was to investigate what reasons would be given for not donating blood, and to investigate whether the will to donate blood may depend on gender, age and whether the subject has a work- or study relation to healthcare. The aim was also to determine the motivating factors to blood donation of future donors. Method: This essay is based on a quantitative cross-sectional study consisting of a web based survey shared by the authors on the social networking service Facebook. The target group of the survey was people who are suitable to donate blood according to the criteria of the blood donation centre. A total of 90 individuals responded to the survey, with a loss of 11 people. The surveys were analyzed quantitatively using the statistical program SPSS. Results: The study indicates that the most common reason to why the respondent has not donated blood is that he or she has thought of donating blood, but that it has simply not yet happened. The motivation of donating blood is not dependent on the person’s gender, age or whether or not the person has a work- or study relation to healthcare. The most motivating factor to donating blood is the opportunity to be informed of test results such as cholesterol levels and infection parameters. Conclusion: Since one third of the respondents have considered donating blood, but that they still have not done so, there would probably be an increase in the numbers of blood donors if blood donating centres were more accessible. To offer the donors the results of various kinds of blood tests would probably motivate more persons to become regular blood donors.
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Guerra, Andres. "Bad Blood: Cons of Synthetic Blood Substitutes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243959.
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In recent years scientists have been attempting to develop synthetic blood substitutes in order to counter both the shortage in donor blood and the problems associated with infection and disease during allogeneic transfusion. Most attempts have been made at mimicking the oxygen carrying capabilities of red blood cells yet there is still a broad array of substances in use today that try to simulate the effects of whole blood, not just the red blood cell itself. This literature based thesis extensively discuses the importance of all blood components and reviews the recent developments and problems associated with volume expanders, oxygen carriers which are further subcategorized into hemoglobin-based substitutes and perfluorocarbons, erythropoietin use, and autologous blood transfusions. Their short term use has potential benefits but in the long term some of their shortcomings include hypertension, hypoproteinemia, thrombus formation, abnormal vasoactivity, anaphylaxis, and ischemic reperfusion injury, all of which tend to overshadow their benefits.
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White, William Nicholas. "Blood knot." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03272009-140720.
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Ward, Shannon Camlin. "Blood Creek." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02252009-184954/.
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Henderson, Tasha Joi. "Blood Night." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/158.
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Quam, Jonathon David. "Blood Brothers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149656/.
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Blood Brothers as a media project works as a diptych. There are two – seemingly identical – pieces of the project that must both be experienced to understand the project as a whole. The first piece of the project is the linear documentary. This part captures the experience as it exists in the past. It exists as a master copy of the original story of mine and my foster brother’s relationship. This version of the story will always exist in the past. The second part is the live-cinema documentary performance. In this version of the story, my foster brother and I are no longer only images on a screen; we are living, breathing, and emotional subjects in the present. Our presence alters how the audience consumes the material.
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Flick, Jeremy Alan. "BLOOD ORE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/89.
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While the great poet, James Whitcomb Riley, a native poet from my hometown of Greenfield, has a strong sense of Indiana and his Hoosier-ness. I compare myself to Whitcomb Riley, only in the sense of place, because my understanding of poetry was shaped around his work growing up in Hancock County. I am personally influenced by other poets such as Sylvia Plath, Walt Whitman, and James Wright in style and in content. My poetry contains a mixture of confessionalism and pastoral poems and doesn’t shy away from critiquing every aspect of place, family, and mental illness. These intersecting ideals and styles (confessional and pastoral in fixed forms/free-verse) place me at a crossroads of my own, where navigating my position within these frameworks alters my view of the Midwest and how a mental illness may, in fact, be worse off because of the isolation, dissociation, and perception.
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Hägglund, Rachael. "Blood River." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5419.
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Blood Riveris an exploration of lineage and blood connection as families are made and remade over generations. The poems rise from the physical body, from birth, and again from death. The lyric is used as a mode of investigation as she writes to discover what it means to become a mother, what it means to be a daughter and wife, and finally what it means to remake the self in order to embody all that we are. The poems are born from the heart and explore the connections between us all.
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Ramström, Sofia. "The role of platelets in whole blood coagulation /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med776s.pdf.
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Sorvoja, H. (Hannu). "Noninvasive blood pressure pulse detection and blood pressure determination." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282728.
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Abstract
This thesis describes the development of pressure sensor arrays and a range of methods suitable for the long-term measurement of heart rate and blood pressure determination using a cuff and a pressure sensor array on the radial artery. This study also reviews the historical background of noninvasive blood pressure measurement methods, summarizes the accuracies achieved and explains the requirements for common national and international standards of accuracy.
Two prototype series of pressure transducer arrays based on electro-mechanical film (EMFi) were designed and tested. By offering high (∼TΩ) resistance, EMFi is an excellent material for low-current long-term measurement applications. About 50 transducer arrays were built using different configurations and electrode materials to sense low-frequency pressure pulsations on the radial artery in the wrist. In addition to uniform quality, essential requirements included an adequate linear response in the desired temperature range. Transducer sensitivity was tested as a function of temperature in the range of 25–45 °C at varying static and alternating pressures. The average sensitivity of the EMFi used in the transducers proved adequate (∼2.2 mV/mmHg and ∼7 mV/mmHg for normal and high sensitive films) for the intended purpose.
The thesis also evaluates blood pressure measurements by the electronic palpation method (EP) and compares the achieved accuracy to that of the oscillometric method (OSC) using average intra-arterial (IA) blood pressure as a reference. All of these three measurements were made simultaneously for each person. In one test group, measurements were conducted on healthy volunteers in sitting and supine position during increasing and decreasing cuff pressure. Another group, comprising elderly cardiac patients, was measured only in the supine position during cuff inflation. The results showed that the EP method was approximately as accurate as the OSC method with the healthy subjects and slightly more accurate with the cardiac patient group. The advantage of the EP method is that also the wave shape and velocity of arterial pressure pulses is available for further analysis, including the assessment of arterial stiffness.
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Harris, Maryke. "Deterrents to continued blood donation among regular blood donors." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15934.
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Collecting blood from repeat blood donors is cost effective and safer compared to other donor types. At the end of 2012, 84% of the SANBS donor panel were inactive or lapsed. There is a lack of research available on lapsed donors in the South African context and available research is mostly quantitative with subtle contradictions. Donors who donated blood in 2012 at fixed site donor centres in Port Elizabeth, and did not return in 2013, were studied. A descriptive analysis was done and a random sample of 78 lapsed donors were selected to participate in a face-to-face interview. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. A grounded model was developed from various existing theories to seek out and conceptualise social patterns and structures of lapsed blood donors through a process of comparison. There were 10 062 donors who donated blood in 2012 and 4 923 became lapsed during 2013. Analysis of sub groups showed a higher proportion of donors who became lapsed in the following sub-categories: new donors (95%), re-joined donors (64%), black donors (63%), donors younger than 40 (61%), female donors (52%). The feedback received from the 11 participants highlighted peer pressure as the biggest motivator. Of the six communication theories applied, The Social Penetration Theory highlighted the cost-minus-benefit ratio which played a big role in a donor’s motivation and decision to return. The AIDA Marketing Model application described lapsed donor behaviour most comprehensively and it highlighted a missing step which was created as part of a Grounded Model and is called the AIDAA Model. The role and existence of peer pressure is directly linked to donor motivation and is categorised as an Action Motivator in the AIDAA Model. The new model creates additional recruitment opportunities which has not been explored and applied strategically before.
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Carter, A. J. "Thromboxane synthesis in human blood platelets and blood vessels." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355288.
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Fransson, Rebecka. "Bloody Horror! : The Symbolic Meaning of Blood in Stephen King’s Carrie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-49733.
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Rodríguez, Lázaro Guillermo. "Red Blood Cell mechanics: from membrane elasticity to blood rheology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283973.
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The mechanics and elasticity of red blood cells (RBCs) determine the capability to deform of these cells when passing through the thinnest capillaries, where the delivery of oxygen takes place. The understanding of the elastic properties of RBCs is fundamental for improving our knowledge about microcirculation and it also has important biomedical applications, such as control of blood storage, or cell manipulation for pathology diagnosis. In this Thesis, we study the elasticity of RBCs under different conditions, understanding their mechanical response to different type of perturbations. In a first Part, we study the shape morphologies observed in the disco-echinocyte transition, when the cell is subjected to an imbalance in the membrane asymmetry, for instance after ATP depletion when lipids flip from the inner to the outer leaflet. Affected cells deform, adopting crenated morphologies known as echinocytes. We develop a theoretical study which allows us to identify and quantify the relevant aspects that trigger the shape transition. The lipid bilayer tries to expand its outer leaflet in order to accommodate the excess area, whereas the cytoskeleton opposes resistance to this type of deformations, preserving more compact shapes. The subtle interplay between both membrane structures determines the equilibrium morphology of the cell. The cytoskeleton is fundamental to ensure the stability of the healthy shape, the discocyte, against changes in the membrane composition. However, it is not severely stressed under weak deformations in which low curvatures are involved. Our results show that the energetic scale of these shape transitions is of hundreds of kbT, demonstrating the large stability of these shapes. Based on the knowledge gained from the theoretical study we also analyze a series of experiments in which echinocytes are mechanically perturbed by a AFM tip, inducing shape transitions towards the healthy discocyte in a controlled manner. In the second Part, we derive a phase-field method for membrane modeling. Phase-field methods have been extensively used for the study of interface phenomena, though with few applications to membranes. We present a new model which accounts for the membrane elasticity, and couples the membrane dynamics with an external fluid, whose hydrodynamics is dictated by the Navier-Stokes equation. We derive the expression of the stress tensor which allows us to recover the stress profile of the membrane. We also obtain the membrane equilibrium equations, proving that in the macroscopic limit our phase-field model recovers the correct expressions given by the elastic theory of membranes. In the third Part we make use of this phase-field model to study the behaviour of RBCs in flow in narrow channels, of width similar to that of the cell. We consider pressure-driven flows as they relevant for both in vivo and in vitro circulation. We carry out simulations by means of a lattice-Bolztmann method. Our study highlights the crucial role of the RBC shape, softness and deformability to explain its complex behaviour and rheological properties. RBCs flowing at low concentratrions, when they do not interact with other cells and the dynamics is governed by the interaction with the cell, are shown to migrate lateral towards the wall, avoiding the axial position. The RBC assumes an asymmetric shape and orients with the flow, reducing the viscosity of the fluid which presents a shear-thinning behaviour. The lateral position can be controlled by tuning the channel geometry and flow velocity, and it is also dependent on the shape of the cell, as sherical cells as shown to occupy and axial position. The control of these factors is important for the manipulation of different cell species, such as RBCs and leukocytes, in microfluidic devices.
Finally, we study the behaviour of RBC suspensions at intermediate concentrations, when hydrodynamic interactions between RBCs govern the dynamics. The focusing to lateral positions induced by the walls is inhibited and cells are shown to order along the channel section, occupying the core of the channel. RBCs adopt and horizontal inclination, forming a relatively ordered structure of parallel rows. The rheology of the suspension is also affected, as the interactions between cells attenuate the orientation with the flux and higher flow velocities are required to induce the shear-thinning decay of the viscosity. The results presented in this Thesis highlight the delicate dependence of the cell mechanics in the balance of the cell membrane composition and elastic properties. They also demonstrate that the elastic behaviour of the cell, determined by its membrane, is also crucial for the rheological behaviour of blood, and any process of membrane damage or stiffening can substantially alter the correct blood functioning.El estudio del comportamiento mecánico de los glóbulos rojos es fundamental para entender aspectos relevantes acerca de la elasticidad de membranas y reología de la sangre, incluyendo importantes aplicaciones biomédicas. En esta tesis se aborda la respuesta elástica de estas células bajo diferentes tipos de deformaciones morfológicas. Por un lado, se estudia el efecto de la microestructura de la membrana en las formas de equilibrio de los glóbulos, identificando la función del citoesqueleto celular cuando la asimetría en la bicapa lipídica es alterada (por ejemplo, reduciendo los niveles de ATP). Nuestros resultados muestran que la bicapa tiende a expandirse formando estructuras puntiagudas, mientras que el citoesqueleto se opone a estas deformaciones y mantiene formas más compactas cercanas al discocito. El citoesqueleto aparece como un elemento fundamental para estabilizar la célula en su conformación de equilibrio. En la segunda parte de la tesis, se deriva un modelo de interfase difusa para membranas. Para ello obtenemos el perfil de esfuerzos que muestra cómo el modelo captura correctamente las propiedades elásticas de las membranas. También se obtienen las ecuaciones macroscópicas que definen el comportamiento de equilibrio y dinámico del modelo, y que convergen correctamente a los resultados clásicos de la teoría general de membranas. Finalmente, en la tercera parte realizamos simulaciones haciendo uso de este modelo de interfase difusa para estudiar el comportamiento de glóbulos rojos fluyendo en canales confinados. El estudio refleja la compleja respuesta de las células, en las que la elasticidad y deformabilidad forman un papel clave. Los glóbulos a bajas concentraciones evitan la posición central del canal y se desplazan hacia un lateral, adquiriendo morfologías asimétricas y orientándose con el flujo. Esto permite que la viscosidad del fluído disminuya. En cambio, a mayores concentraciones, cuando varias células fluyen juntas, la interacciones hidrodinámicas inhiben este comportamiento, y las células fluyen alineadas con una orientación horizontal, organizadas en filas tanto en los laterales como en el centro del canal. La interacción y apantallamiento entre las células hace que el decaimiento en la viscosidad requiera de velocidades considerablemente mayores.
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Citty, Sandra Wolfe. "Ambulatory blood pressure biosituational feedback and systolic blood pressure estimation." [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000663.
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Tosenberger, Alen. "Blood flow modelling and applications to blood coagulation and atherosclerosis." Doctoral thesis, Institut Camille Jordan, CNRS UMR 5208, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/244806.
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Shaikh, Fathima Aidha. "Towards universal blood : mechanistic studies on blood group cleaving glycosidases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43027.
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The ABO blood groups are vitally important in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Transfusion with an incorrect blood type results in destruction of the incompatible blood cells, which can result in death. In my thesis, the catalytic mechanisms of three enzymes, two of which can directly be used on red blood cells (RBCs), were investigated in detail as follows.
YesZ, a family GH 42 β-galactosidase (retaining), was used as a model system for the identification of catalytic residues. The mechanism-based inhibitor, 2,4-dinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-galactopyranoside was synthesized and used to inactivate YesZ via trapping of a reaction intermediate. Subsequent proteolytic digestion and comparative MS analysis identified the labeled peptide which, combined with, sequence alignments identified the catalytic nucleophile, a glutamate in the sequence ETSPSYAASL. Use of the acid/base mutant for trapping experiments provided support for its role thereby providing experimental verification of the identities of the catalytic residues in Family GH42.
EABase, a family GH98 endo-β-galactosidase, cleaves blood group A and B trisaccharides from glycoconjugates and RBCs. The mechanism of Family 98 glycosidases was unknown but inferred to be retaining. The DNP-β-A-trisaccharide substrate was synthesized by in vivo enzymatic and subsequent chemical methods and direct 1H NMR analysis of its hydrolysis by EABase revealed that EABase is an inverting glycosidase. Both activated and nonactivated substrates were used to kinetically characterize EABase and its mutants, revealing that D453 and/or E506 act as the base catalyst and that E354 is the acid catalyst. EABase was used, in collaboration with Dr. Kizhakkedathu’s lab, to generate “universal blood cells” from type-B blood.
Several α-L-fucosidases from family GH29 (retaining), which cleave α(1,2)-fucose from glycoconjugates were kinetically characterized in the hope of identifying the acid/base residue which is not conserved by sequence. A combination of modeling, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic tree analysis was used to identify candidate acid/base residues and further subgroup GH29 fucosidases based on these comparisons. The identity of the acid/base residue in four fucosidases is supported by kinetic characterization of a series of mutants of candidate residues and can now be predicted for all Family GH29 fucosidases.
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Willie, Christopher Kenneth. "Cerebral blood flow in man : regulation by arterial blood gases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47074.
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Due to the high metabolic rate of brain tissue and nominal substrate storage, brain perfusion must be precisely regulated to ensure continuous delivery of oxygen and substrates. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is principally regulated by tissue metabolism, perfusion pressure, autonomic nervous activity, and the partial pressures of arterial oxygen (PaO₂)and carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) – an integrative process thus involving the marked influence of pulmonary gas exchange and cardiovascular function, in addition to intracranial mediators of cerebrovascular resistance. This thesis explicates the roles of PaO₂ and PaCO₂ in human regulation of regional CBF. In study 1, to elucidate their discrete roles, PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were independently manipulated at sea level through the widest range tolerated in humans. Flow reactivity to hypocapnia (low PaCO₂) and hypoxia (low PaO₂) was greater in the vertebral (VA) than internal carotid (ICA) artery, whereas similar reactivity was observed during hypercapnia (high PaCO₂) and hyperoxia (high PaO2₂. Cerebral oxygen delivery was well protected except in cases of extreme hypocapnia. The ventilatory response to hypoxia mitigates falling PaO₂ and reduces PaCO₂, particularly during initial exposure to high altitude. Study 2 assessed regional CBF during ascent to 5050m and every 12 hours during the first 3 days of acclimatization. Although total CBF increased by ~50% and was modestly related to reductions in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, no regional CBF differences were observed. To extend these findings, Study 3 aimed to determine if cerebrovascular responses to changes in PaO₂ and PaCO₂ differed at 5050m compared to sea level. Despite respiratory alkalosis and partial metabolic compensation at 5050m restoration of PaO₂ to sea level values decreased CBF, and CBF sensitivity to acutely altered PaCO₂ remained similar to sea level. To elucidate the interactive effect on CBF of profound hypoxemia and hypercapnia, study 4 examined the temporal changes in elite breath-hold divers during maximum apneas. Despite 40-50% reductions in arterial oxygen content, CBF elevations were regionally similar (up to +100%) thereby facilitating maintenance of brain oxygen delivery throughout apnea. Although the regulation of CBF is multifaceted, the cerebrovasculature prioritizes oxygen delivery and adjusts to chronic changes in arterial blood gases.
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Watkins, Susan Beryl. "Equine blood rheology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303177.
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Fannin, Daril R. "Flesh & Blood." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/503.
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Guilcher, Antoine. "Central blood pressure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/central-blood-pressure(cfe1a0fc-56e8-4338-a6aa-462c6d6de0bb).html.
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Central aortic systolic blood pressure (cSBP) differs from peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP) measured in the arm. cSBP may be estimated non-invasively by application of a generalised transfer function (GIF) to a high fidelity peripheral arterial waveform or from the late systolic shoulder (SBP2) of such a waveform. The relative accuracy of these estimates and the degree to which they depend on the accuracy of peripheral blood pressure is unknown. The interest in estimates of central blood pressure is driven in large part by the fact that aortic pulse pressure (cPP) is thought to be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk and response to antihypertensive treatment than peripheral BP. However, little is known concerning the mechanism by which drugs may reduce cPP independently of effects on peripheral BP. Objectives of this thesis were to: 1. Examine the relative accuracy of different methods (GTF and SBP2) for estimating cSBP and cPP from a high fidelity peripheral arterial waveform. 2. Determine errors introduced by non-invasive calibration of this waveform (as would be the case when such methods are used in practice), 3. Explore the use of a simplified method for estimating cSBP based upon pressure oscillations within an arm cuff. 4. Determine the mechanism by which nitroglycerin (NTG, a drug that has relatively selective actions to lower cSBP) lowers cPP. Pressure and in some cases combined pressure and flow velocity were acquired at the aortic root during cardiac catheterisation. Peripheral blood pressure was measured by oscillometry and peripheral blood pressure waveforms were obtained from blood pressure cuffs, radial tonometry and a servo-controlled finger cuff. To address objective 4 additional measurements of ventricular and arterial mechanics where made using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Keith-Slack, Peter B. "Baptized in Blood." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1390.
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Guerrero-Garcés, Laurie. "Blood & tongues /." Access limited to the Smith College Community, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/13116.
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Misner, Scottie. "High Blood Pressure." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146443.
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Mousinho, George Alexandre Ayres de Menezes. "Subversive blood ties." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/103567.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2013Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T21:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 316413.pdf: 3118322 bytes, checksum: 8dc028ee0e2a57f76f712d62530548e0 (MD5)
Esta dissertação consiste em investigar a construção do tema da decadência Gótica em Drácula de Bram Stoker e duas adaptações fílmicas do romance - Nosferatu, de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, e Drácula de Bram Stoker, de Francis Ford Coppola - tendo como centro da análise como três personagens - Drácula, Jonathan Harker e Mina Harker - se relacionam com tal tema. A decadência Gótica é um padrão literário do contexto fin-de-siècle da sociedade vitoriana inspirada pela crise social que acontecia na Inglaterra no fim do século XIX (Punter e Byron 39-40). Autores como Bram Stoker escreveram histórias que refletiam medos morais e sociais da sociedade vitoriana, retratando imagens de monstros que representavam a transgressão de fronteiras morais e sexuais estabelecidas pelas tradições vitorianas (Botting 88). Tendo tal discussão em mente, este estudo busca conectar a retratação de tal tema do romance às adaptações, também utilizando uma análise fílmica para identificar técnicas que destacam a representação do tema relacionado aos três personagens, finalmente ligando tal tema a crises e confusões sociais que aconteciam nos contextos de ambos os filmes.
Abstract : The present dissertation consists of an investigation of the construction of the Gothic theme of decadence in Bram Stoker's Dracula and two film adaptations of the novel - Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's Nosferatu and Francis Ford Coppola's Bram Stoker's Dracula - having as the centre of analysis how three characters - Dracula, Jonathan Harker and Mina Harker - relate to that theme. The Gothic decadence is a literary motif from the fin-de-siècle context of the Victorian Era inspired by the social crisis that took place in England in the late nineteenth century (Punter and Byron 39-40). Authors like Bram Stoker wrote stories that reflected moral and social fears of the Victorian society, depicting images of monsters that represented the crossing of moral and sexual boundaries established by the Victorian traditions (Botting 88). Bearing that discussion in mind, this study aims at connecting the portrayal of such a theme from novel to the two adaptations, also making use of a filmic analysis to identify techniques that highlight the depiction of the theme related to the three characters, ultimately linking such a thematic depiction to crises and social commotions that were taking place in both films' social contexts.
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Morris, Rebecca Hazel. "Bloody geographies : relating, connecting, giving and caring in blood donation and transfusion." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/552/.
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This thesis critically questions, through in-depth qualitative research, the senses of connection, giving, care, and relatedness felt by blood donors and recipients, given the institutional setting of therapeutic blood exchange in the UK. In it, I use a multi-sited auto-ethnographic approach to examine five blood donor-/recipient-participant views on blood donation and transfusion. Specifically, I blend theoretical and empirical research to iterate between the meanings and realities associated with therapeutic blood exchange, exploring and examining the following things. First, I explore how blood can be treated as material culture: what it is as both biological tissue and as social/cultural metaphor. Second, I examine how gift giving and caring feed into and out of blood exchange, and whether this fosters a sense of connectedness for the anonymous others at the end of the blood pack. Third, I roll out the theme of connectedness to look at (the geographies of) relatedness where I examine the changing nature of kinship and its evolution into the concept of relatedness. Here, I examine how both relating through ‘things’ and at different scales could perhaps more usefully describe the connection/relationship between donors and recipients...or not. Finally, I draw this together, examining how the institutional framework of the National Blood Service can be said to either foster or not, the senses of connectedness and/or relatedness, gift giving and care between its donors and recipients.
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Geberhiwot, Tarekegn. "Laminin of platelets and leukocytes : molecular characterization, integrin receptors and functional roles /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/20001212gebe/.
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Williams, Rosalind. "Blood in the archive : rethinking the public umbilical cord blood bank." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12189/.
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The collection of umbilical cord blood (UCB), a source of clinically-useful stem cells, has become a highly strategised process known as ‘banking’, with 160 banks globally. State-funded public banks rely on unremunerated donations of UCB from women. STS scholarship has explored the broader ethical and economic tensions of such banks and the private enterprises offering banking for a family’s exclusive future use of their own donated tissue. Less focus has been given to public banks’ institutional practices and strategic concerns. I address this gap by adopting an archival lens popularised by Jacques Derrida (1996). How, I explore, might it help to think of these collections not as banks, but as archives? Using a number of qualitative data collection approaches, I develop an archival anatomy to highlight different elements of these selective collections of biological matter. I explore the issues of archival order and the racialised dimension of tissue selection criteria that guide UCB collection. I also interrogate the exclusionary practices of these collections. Whose donations are excluded, and what does this mean for a system reliant on the appeal to communitarian donation? Attention is given to how use is made of the archive. How might archivists be making the collection more appealing to these users? This leads to an exploration of the risk of obsolescence in UCB collections which struggle to sustain relevance alongside changing clinical requirement. The thesis demonstrates how an archival lens offers the heuristic richness that ‘bank’ thinking cannot provide to highlight important aspects of operating and planning the future of a collection of biological material. It thus provides a novel contribution to the STS literature on regenerative medicine and tissue banking and the growing interdisciplinary corpus on the usefulness of the archive in understanding the complex aggregations of matter and data facilitated by contemporary technologies.
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Tao, Lian. "The blood-testis barrier and blood vessel permeability in rat testis." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht1712.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 150-183. Considers the tubule and capillary barriers from the point of view of anatomy, physiological function and possible factors which may cause the tubule barrier to be breached or influence substance exchange across the capillary wall.
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Kuzborska, Zyta. "Research of blood flow and stresses in the pathological blood vessels." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120131_135725-24904.
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Physical load, age and gender influence to blood pressure and maximal stresses in the pathological blood vessel palaces was studies in this work. The main research subject – pathological blood vessel and its blood flow processes that depend on physical load, pathology degree and type, age, gender and blood vessels stress characteristics. The main aim of this work – to examine blood flow characteristics, local blood pressure, stress distribution in the pathological blood vessels dependent physical load assessing blood vessels mechanical properties variations due to age, gender, blood vessel pathology type; to make simplified human efficiency evaluation methodology. The paper analyse a few main tasks:
to explore physical load, blood vessels pathology degree, age and gender influence to blood pressure and tensions increase in the pathological blood vessels locations; experimentally determine blood flow rates changes in pathological blood vessels assessing; additionally investigate blood pressure and heart rate characteristics variations during set physical load and human working age range.
This paper consists of introduction, four chapters, summary, literature and authors publications theses lists and two annexes.
Introductory chapter discusses the test problem, work topicality, research subject, also formulates work subject and tasks, and describes research methodology, work scientific novelty, practical value of the work results, defended propositions. In the introduction end... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjama fizinio krūvio, amžiaus bei lyties įtaka kraujo spaudimui ir didžiausiems įtempiams pažeistoje kraujagyslės vietoje. Pagrindinis tyrimo objektas – ligos pažeista kraujagyslė ir joje vykstantys kraujo tėkmės procesai, priklausantys nuo fizinio krūvio dydžio, pažeidimo laipsnio ir rūšies, amžiaus, lyties, bei šių veiksnių įtaka didžiausiems įtempiams ir spaudimui pažeistose vietose. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas – ištirti kraujo tėkmės charakteristikas, lokalinį kraujo spaudimą, įtempių pasiskirstymą pažeistose kraujagyslėse priklausomai nuo fizinio krūvio, įvertinant kraujagyslių mechaninių savybių pokytį dėl amžiaus, lyties, kraujagyslės pažeidimo rūšies, ir sudaryti supaprastintą darbingumo verti-nimo metodiką. Darbe sprendžiami keli uždaviniai: ištirti fizinės apkrovos dydžio, kraujagyslių pažeidimų laipsnio, amžiaus ir lyties įtaką kraujo spaudimui ir įtempių padidėjimui pažeistose kraujagyslių vietose; ekspe-rimentiniu būdu nustatyti kraujo tėkmės rodiklių pokyčius pažeistose kraujagyslėse; ištirti kraujo spaudimo ir širdies susitraukimų dažnio charakteristikų pokyčius nustatytame fizinio krūvio ir žmogaus darbingo amžiaus intervale. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autorės publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir du priedai. Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Lee, F. Y. "The effects of CAMPATH on cord blood and peripheral blood cells." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1463448/.
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CAMPATH-1H is administered prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to reduce risks of graft versus host disease (GvHD) by targeting CD52 antigens on T cells, resulting in their depletion. CAMPATH-1H is routinely used in HSCT using haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow but not cord blood (CB). Data regarding in vivo and in vitro effects of CAMPATH-1H on immune cells is limited to PB T and B cells. Thus, we sought to determine whether a direct correlation between CD52 density and the depleting effects of CAMPATH-1H exists with fresh and frozen, resting and activated, PB and CB cells. CD52 expression was generally higher in resting CB than PB T cell subsets and B cells although CD52 levels were higher in PB natural killer cells. Furthermore, CAMPATH-1H depleted resting cells more effectively than activated cells with minimal or no necrosis. Higher percentages of apoptosis were noted in naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells with wild type/wild type genotype for caspase-8 (CASP8) gene promoter compared to donors with a single or double deletions, suggesting the potential contribution of CASP8 promoter polymorphism on sensitivity to the drug. CD52 was absent on HSC but upregulated during differentiation, implying that residual CAMPATH-1H could potentially impact on HSC differentiation by depleting CD52 expressing progenitors. This study provides evidence that low dose of CAMPATH-1H may be effective for cell depletion and prevent GvHD whilst allowing cell differentiation. Although the impacts of CAMPATH-1H on viability and differentiation of CB and PB cells were comparable, the use of CAMPATH-1H pre-CBT may not be ideal as it may further delay immune recovery and increase infection incidences. Therefore, this project provides a better understanding of CAMPATH-1H effects at the cellular and molecular level, with potential for clinical translation to achieve effective GvHD modulation while preserving GvL.
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Gibaud, Etienne. "Numerical simulation of red blood cells flowing in a blood analyzer." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS135/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes jouant un rôle dans la mesure effectuée dans un analyseur sanguin, en particulier le comptage et la mesure de volumétrie d'une population de globules rouges reposant sur l'effet Coulter. Des simulations numériques sont effectuées dans le but de prédire la dynamique des globules rouges dans les zones de mesure et pour reproduire la mesure électrique associée, servant au comptage et à la volumétrie des cellules. Ces simulations sont effectuées à l'intérieur de configurations industrielles d'analyseur sanguin, en utilisant un outil numérique développé à l'IMAG, le solveur YALES2BIO. En utilisant la méthode des frontières immergées avec suivi de front, un modèle de particule déformable est introduit, celui-ci prend en compte le contraste de viscosité ainsi que les effets mécaniques de la courbure et de l'élasticité sur la membrane. Le solveur est validé grâce à de nombreux cas tests parcourant différents régimes et effets physiques. L'écoulement fluide dans cette géométrie d'analyseur sanguin est caractérisée par un fort gradient de vitesse axial dans la direction de l'écoulement, impliquant la présence d'un écoulement extensionnel au niveau du micro-orifice, là où a lieu la mesure. La dynamique des globules rouges est étudiée par des simulations numériques pour différentes conditions initiales, telles que sa position ou son orientation. Il est observé que les globules rouges vont se réorienter selon l'axe principal de l'analyseur sanguin dans tous les cas. Pour comprendre le phénomène, des modèles analytiques sont adaptés au cas des écoulements extensionnels et reproduisent correctement les tendances de réorientation.Cette thèse présente également la reproduction de la mesure électrique utilisée pour le comptage et la mesure de la distribution des volumes de globules rouges. De nombreuses simulations de la dynamique des globules rouges sont effectuées et utilisées pour générer l'impulsion électrique correspondant au passage du globule rouge dans le micro-orifice. Les amplitudes d'impulsions électriques résultantes permettent la caractérisation de la réponse électrique en fonction des paramètres initiaux de la simulation par une approche statistique. Un algorithme de Monte-Carlo est utilisé pour la quantification des erreurs de mesure liées à l'orientation et la position des globules rouges dans le micro-orifice. Ceci permet la génération d'une distribution de volume mesurée pour une population de globules rouges bien définie et la caractérisation des erreurs de mesure associéesThe aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the phenomena involved in the measurement performed in a blood analyzer, namely the counting and sizing of red blood cells based on the Coulter effect. Numerical simulations are performed to predict the dynamics of red blood cells in the measurement regions, and to reproduce the associated electrical measurement used to count and size the cells. These numerical simulations are performed in industrial configurations using a numerical tool developed at IMAG, the YALES2BIO solver. Using the Front-Tracking Immersed Boundary Method, a deformable particle model for the red blood cell is introduced which takes the viscosity contrast as well as the mechanical effects of the curvature and elasticity on the membrane into account. The solver is validated against several test cases spreading over a large range of regimes and physical effects.The velocity field in the blood analyzer geometry is found to consist of an intense axial velocity gradient in the direction of the flow, resulting in a extensional flow at the micro-orifice, where the measurement is performed. The dynamics of the red blood cells is studied with numerical simulations with different initial conditions, such as its position or orientation. They are found to reorient along the main axis of the blood analyzer in all cases. In order to understand the phenomenon, analytical models are adapted to the case of extensional flows and are found to reproduce the observed trends.This thesis also presents the reproduction of the electrical measurement used to count red blood cells and measure their volume distribution. Numerous dynamics simulations are performed and used to generate the electrical pulse corresponding to the passage of a red blood cell inside the micro-orifice. The resulting electrical pulse amplitudes are used to characterize the electrical response depending on the initial parameters of the simulation by means of a statistical approach. A Monte-Carlo algorithm helps quantifying the errors on the measurement of cell depending on its orientation and position inside the micro-orifice. This allows the generation of a measured volume distribution of a well defined red blood cell population and the characterization of the associated measurement errors
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Yuan, Yifan. "Enhancing Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells for Optimal Coating of Blood Contacting Surfaces." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36837.
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Implantable cardiovascular biomaterials have been widely applied in multiple cardiovascular disorders such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. However the failure modes of cardiovascular biomaterials are not uncommon, which is mainly due to the complications on blood-contacting surfaces such as thrombosis, calcification, and inflammation. Endothelium locates the inner surface of vessel lumen and is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis. However, a readily available functional autologous source of endothelium has been hard to achieve. Human blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs), cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are proliferative and express endothelial protein profiles and as such are a very promising novel cell source for cardiovascular biomaterials coating. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of vascular homeostasis and loss of eNOS activity is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. My data demonstrated that BOECs express markedly lower eNOS protein, mRNA as well as activity levels when compared to mature endothelial cells (ECs). My first project was to use transient transfection methods along with minicircle DNA to enhance eNOS expression levels in BOECs. Two promoters were tested in BOECs, the CMV promoter (pMini-CMV-eNOS) and the EF1α promoter (pMini-EF1α-eNOS). Transfection with pMini-CMV-eNOS achieved 24.8 ± 5.1 times more eNOS expression when compared to null transfected cells at 24 hours, a marked improvement over that achieved with conventional PVAX plasmid (10.2 ± 4.7 fold increase) or pMini-EF1α-eNOS (8.2 ± 1.2 fold increase both compared to null transfected control). pMini-CMV-eNOS mediated overexpression improved cell migration and network formation. When cultured on Osteopontin (OPN) coated surfaces, transient transfection with plasmid eNOS in BOECs can markedly enhance cell spreading and adhesion to ECM modified surfaces. These results suggest that eNOS expression in BOECs is suboptimal and BOECs may be functionally improved by techniques to enhance expression of this critical homeostatic regulator.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have been shown to negatively regulate eNOS expression and NO production in mature ECs. In addition, the deposition of Col IV and Col I in BOECs is higher compared to that in mature ECs. Thus, I have proposed that the lower eNOS expression/activity in BOECs compared to mature ECs is due to higher ECM deposition. When grown on fibronectin, type I collagen, type IV collagen and laminin, significantly decreased eNOS protein in HUVECs were found compared to cells on polystyrene. Interestingly, when cultured on polystyrene, BOECs express significantly more extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins especially type I collagen compared to mature ECs. Blocking collagen synthesis significantly enhanced eNOS expression in BOECs (1.77 ± 0.41 fold increase). My results suggest that the regulation of eNOS in BOECs and mature ECs is similar and the reduced eNOS level in BOECs may be due to their increased collagen production.
ECM proteins regulate intracellular signaling transduction primarily through integrin signaling associated with focal adhesion complexes. I have proposed that ECM proteins regulation on eNOS signaling in BOECs and mature ECs is through integrin and integrin-associated proteins. Matrix mediated eNOS downregulation was blocked by β1 integrin siRNA and focal adhesion kinase siRNA transfection in both BOECs and HUVECs. In addition, inhibitors of actin polymerization (e.g. ROCK inhibitors and cytochalasin D) block the effect of ECM on eNOS signaling. Taken together, my results suggest that ECM proteins regulate eNOS expression via a β1 integrin/FAK/actin polymerization dependent mechanism.
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Stroobach, Mark. "Effects of Red Blood Cell Aggregation on Microparticle Margination in Human Blood." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36989.
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Margination is the migration of particles in a channel towards the outer walls of the channel. In blood microcirculation, studying the margination of microparticles is important to understand platelet migration and the kinetics of drug delivery. Many new topics in drug delivery research examine the slow release of drugs through micro particles, such as micelles. The margination of such drug carriers is related to tissue absorption and, consequently, to the efficiency of drug delivery. We hypothesized that the intensity of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation will change the level of margination in a cylindrical channel. RBC aggregation is the reversible process of RBCs clumping together over time, under low fluid shear rate. A higher level of aggregation means that this clumping occurs more quickly.
The goal of this thesis is to design an experiment that measures the level margination of microparticles and the effect that RBC aggregation has on margination, in a controlled in vitro environment. Fluorescent microparticles were added to human blood preparations. The aggregation properties of the blood preparation were modulated by the addition of a macromolecule (Dextran 500). The blood preparations were injected into PDMS microfluidic devices that were modified to have circular channels in order to better mimic the geometry of physiological microcirculation.
We designed a circular microchannel that worked to capture the marginating microparticles and it was found that the level of margination of the microparticles increased with an increase in aggregation of the RBCs. This increase in margination was especially sensitive to aggregation levels in the range of physiological aggregation levels of whole blood, suggesting that aggregation plays an important role in margination in vivo.
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Soueidan, Karen. "Augmented blood pressure measurement through the estimation of physiological blood pressure variability." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28828.
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Current noninvasive blood pressure (BP) measurement methods estimate the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) at two random instants in time. The BP variability and its serious consequences on the measurement are not recognized by most physicians. The standard for automated BP devices sets a maximum allowable system error of +/- 5 mmHg, even though natural BP variability often exceeds these limits. This thesis characterizes the variability of SBP and DBP and proposes a new approach to augment the conventional noninvasive measurement using simultaneous recordings of the oscillometric and continuous arterial pulse waveforms by providing: 1) The mean SBP (or DBP) over the measurement interval, 2) Their respective standard deviations, and 3) An indicator as to whether or not the oscillometric reading is an outlier. Recordings with healthy subjects showed that the approach has prominent potential and does not suffer from bias relative to the conventional method.
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Ouyang, Jian, and 欧阳剑. "Characteristics of blood donors and factors associated with blood donation in Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206960.
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Objective: To describe and compare the characteristics of blood donors and non-donors and to examine factors associated with donation, including motivators and barriers of blood donation in Guangzhou, China.
Design: Cross-sectional survey using self-administered standardized structured questionnaires on both donors and non-donors.
Setting: 12 mobile and 4 permanent blood donation stations in Guangzhou during the whole operation time.
Participants: 500 blood donors who donated at the donation sites and 500 non-donors who never donated and passed by the station were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire during Dec 10, 2013 to Jun 25, 2014.
Main outcome measures: Blood donation or no donation.
Results: 1080 questionnaires were collected, of which 1034(95.7%) questionnaires were valid. 602(58.2%) participants were donors and 432(41.8%) were non-donors. Older people (OR: 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 1.72, p<0.01), males (1.33, CI: 1.02 to 1.71, p=0.03), non-college-students (1.76, CI: 1.16 to 2.56, p<0.01) and people with higher education level (1.27, CI: 1.11 to 1.45, p<0.01) were more likely to be donors. The main objective of blood donation was helping patients (n=405, 68.2%), and the main reason of not donating was being in poor health (n=138, 33.1%).
However, other motives, such as benefiting health and free check for blood type and body, and obstacles, such as failing to meet the requirements and fear, were also important. More male donors would donate again than females (80.5% vs. 68.5%, p<0.01), whereas more female donors showed uncertainty than males (25.9% vs. 16.6%, p<0.01). Usage of blood (n=182, 46.7%) was what non-donors wanted to know the most if they were to donate in the future. The majority of participants (n=730, 71.3%) considered raising the awareness of blood donation among people was one of the most effective ways of blood donation promotion. Television was considered as one of the most effective methods of blood donation promotion and recruitment, and was more acceptable to females. Younger participants preferred the internet.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that raising the awareness of blood donation is vital. Campaigns should focus on multiple aspects targeting different groups of people. Television and the internet are useful tools of blood donation promotion and recruitment.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Vernoski, Barbara K. "Effect of Blood Collection Practices on Emergency Department Blood Specimen Rejection Rates." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/438.
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The practice of obtaining blood as part of the placement of a new peripheral venous access device (p-VAD) is a frequent practice in the emergency department (ED). Of the concerns related to this practice is the possibility of laboratory specimen rejection due to p-VAD catheter size, use of the wrong collection device, and the absence of a standardized collection process. The objective of this study, therefore, was to examine the effect of the use of evidence-based venipuncture and p-VAD blood collection protocols on the rejection rate of blood specimens drawn by staff in the adult areas of an urban academic medical center ED.
A convenience sample of 28 ED nurses and 39 ED technicians (51.94% of all eligible ED employees) consented to using these evidence based protocols when they collected blood from adult ED patients. Blood specimen rejections rates were measured for four consecutive weeks prior to and at weeks 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, and 1-12 after the evidence-based blood collection practices training intervention. Laboratory analysis of all specimens was automated with rejection results provided in the form of computerized reports.
There was a significant decrease in the 12-week rejection rates for two of the three ED adult care areas, with the overall ED adult area rejection rate significantly decreased from 3.19% to 2.38% (X2at Df1, p < .05). The most common reasons for rejection were hemolysis (65.39%) and clotting (10.68%) followed by specimen mis-labeling, tube missing, insufficient quantity for testing, incorrect packaging, specimen contamination or dilution, and label missing, Though the use of theses evidence based blood collection protocols significantly decreased the overall rejection rate, the high percent of rejections due to hemolysis may further be reduced by having all ED staff use these protocols, and by exploring other collection techniques in the literature that have been found to significantly decrease rejection rates.
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Fletcher, Andrew, Olivia Luzzi, and Jennifer R. Hunt. "Resources Management: Efficient Utilization of Blood Transfusion: Lessons from the Blood Bank." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8209.
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The utilization and management of blood is an imperative undertaking when considering the cost, risk and limited resources involved. Mountain States Health Alliance, with the guidance and dedication from Dr. Andrew Fletcher and his team, were able to sustain a 20% reduction in blood utilization overall since the inception of the project to present. Mountain States was also able to save approximately $250,000 over a one-year period due to the change in policy and procedure of ordering blood as well as the close and thoughtful monitoring of the entire health system’s blood usage. This change in policy not only produced monetary and resource savings, it also reduced the risk of adverse transfusion reactions and created a more patient-centered approach to supplying and ordering blood for the patients of the health system. As the health care system as a whole is continuously struggling to keep up with demands for more efficient use of resources, this model can be and has been adapted to other resources such as pharmacy and radiology, and will continue to be useful in effecting efficiency across healthcare facilities.
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Tafuna'i, Nicole Denney. "Arterial Blood Flow at Rest and During Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9003.
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PURPOSE: This study comparted arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) between the dominant and nondominant legs and the relationship between blood flow and occlusion pressure at rest and during muscle contractions in males and females. METHODS: The AOP of the SFA was measured using Doppler ultrasound in the dominant and nondominant legs of 35 (16 males, 19 females) apparently healthy, normotensive young adults. Blood flow in the SFA was measured in the resting state (REST) and during plantar flexion exercise (EXC) at occlusion pressures ranging from 0% to 100% of AOP. ANOVA was used to compare AOP between the dominant and nondominant legs and between males and females. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of relevant variables on AOP. A mixed model was used to evaluate the relationship between blood flow and occlusion pressure at REST and during EXC. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the AOP between the dominant and nondominant legs in males (230 ± 41 vs 209 ± 37 mmHg) and females (191 ± 27 vs 178 ± 21 mmHg), respectively. There was also a significant sex difference in the AOP in the dominant (230 ± 41 vs 191 ± 27 mmHg; p = 0.002) and nondominant (209 ± 37 vs 178 ± 21 mmHg; p = 0.004) legs, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that after accounting for leg circumference, age, sex, blood pressure, and skinfold thickness were not independent predictors of AOP. At REST and during EXC, there was a linear relationship between relative blood flow and occlusion pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in leg circumference contribute to a portion of the differences in AOP between the dominant and nondominant legs and between sexes. The linear relationship between relative blood flow and occlusion pressure suggests that occlusion pressures during blood flow restriction exercise should be chosen carefully. A large variance in blood flow measurements at different occlusion pressures suggests the need for evaluating the reliability of blood flow measurements and standardization of methods.
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Custer, Brian Scott. "Blood safety and resource allocation : economic analyses of donated blood safety initiatives /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7964.
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Abbruscato, Thomas John 1970. "Opioid peptide permeation across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282429.
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The passage of peptides across the blood-brain or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is extremely limited. Peptides can be hindered from entering the central nervous system due to the hydrophilic nature of peptides and their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation by various peptidases. This limitation can be overcome through chemical modifications of opioid peptides with the goal of increasing biological stability and blood-central nervous system permeation. In the present studies, an in vitro bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell model of the blood-brain barrier was characterized both functionally and enzymatically. This primary culture model was found to be reflective of the in vivo blood-brain barrier in reference to predicting a peptides relative lipophilicity. Bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells were also found to be quite active enzymatically as far as the peptidases known to be involved in the degradation of methionine enkephalin. The conformationally stable analog of methionine enkephalin, DPDPE, was also characterized for its ability to enter the CNS using the in situ brain perfusion technique. DPDPE was found to enter the brain by both saturable and non-saturable uptake mechanisms. Chlorohalogenation was also found to significantly improve the central nervous system entry as well as biological stability of a potent opioid agonist, biphalin. In addition, the mu-opioid receptor selective antagonist, CTAP, was also evaluated for its ability to enter the CNS. The amount of CTAP that crossed both the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier was quantitatively comparable to the mu-selective agonist, morphine. Biphalin was found to enter both spinal and supra-spinal sites that have been shown previously to express mu and delta opioid receptors. In situ brain perfusion experiments identified a saturable component that contributes to the brain entry of [¹²⁵125I-Tyr¹]biphalin. Further experiments revealed that [¹²⁵125I-Tyr¹]biphalin was entering the CNS by the large neutral amino acid transporter and not by the leucine enkephalin uptake system or DPDPE transport system. This research has provided important preliminary work for the characterization of peptide transport into the brain. The importance of using neuropharmaceutical drug delivery vectors in modern medicine needs attention for the evolution of successful drug design targeted for CNS entry.
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Thompson, Heather Ann. "Bloody women : rites of passage, blood and Artemis : women in Classical Athenian conception." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15182.
Full textAbstract:
The expected role for women in 5th century Athens as presented in evidence from myths, rituals, medicine and religion was socially and biologically conceived of in strict terms, but it was also perceived as conflicted. This conflict will be explored by investigating women in real life and women in myth and ritual. The ideal rites of passage women were intended to pass through in their lives as exemplified in medical texts required women to shed their blood at appropriate times from menarche to marriage to motherhood. These transitions are socially signified by certain rituals designed to highlight the change in the individuals' status. This medical conception of the female body and its functions was affected by social expectations of the proper female role in society: to be a wife and mother. Myths presented extraordinary women as failing to bleed in the standard socially expected transitions from parthenos to gyne. The discrepancy between the presentation of women in social and medical thought and the presentation of women in myth indicates the ambiguities and difficulties that surround the development of girls into complete women often explored in rituals. These two provinces, women in everyday life and women in myth and ritual, overlap, relate and interpenetrate in the presentation of the goddess Artemis. Artemis operates in a place where myth and real life function together in the form of rituals surrounding women bleeding in these rites of passage. The methodology of social anthropology adopted in this study allows the interpretation of myth in action in women's lives and investigates where social ideals, mythology and the goddess Artemis overlap to inform the lives of women. Rather than merely describe what occurred in myth and ritual or what a woman's life was meant to be, this model will illustrate how such elements combined to affect a woman's life and the functioning of the society in which she lived. The picture which is created of the position of women when this evidence is considered in conjunction with the precepts of social anthropology illustrates part of a discourse about the position women and reveals how the social structure of their place in society was produced and reproduced.
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Rahaghi, Farbod N. "Human blood glucose dynamics." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259621.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 21, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-276).
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Werner, Maria. "Blood culture negative endocarditis /." Göteborg : Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/776.
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Cecchetto, Benjamin Thomas. "Nonlinear blood pattern reconstruction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29394.
Full textAbstract:
We present a method of reconstructing the area of origin for blood droplets given the position and directions of impact stains. This method works for
nonlinear trajectories, such as parabolic motion or motion with drag. A model for fitting ellipses to the stains, obtaining impact velocities, blood drop mass and drag coefficient from blood splatter image densities, impact angle and pattern is also provided. We also show how to use this extra data to aid with our estimation. We validate our method in several experiments involving blood splatters at varying velocities and angles.
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Abel, Evan Dale. "Insulin and blood pressure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257939.
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Schofield, April. "Blood At The Root." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1450.
Full textAbstract:
This is a coming of age story about two very different boys – Jason, a Northerner who ends up stuck in a small Southern town and Billy, a Southern boy with an abusive father. The boys become friends and grow up learning the dark secrets that are allowed to fester in a tiny southern town ruled by the Good Ol’ Boy System of justice. The story chronicles how their shared experiences change them in ways they never imagined and ultimately destroys their friendship and their lives. Through a history of violence and prejudice, Billy and Jason learn who they really are and just how far they’re willing to go to get what they want. They discover the true meaning of strength and weakness and how to survive in a world where they don’t fit in. The story explores the issues of violence, drug abuse, and murder that often lie hidden beneath the façade of fanatic Christianity, propriety, and status in seemingly innocent, charming Southern towns.
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Kaczmarek, Ginny. "Blood into Milk: Poems." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/602.
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