Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blood products Quality control

Academic literature on the topic 'Blood products Quality control'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood products Quality control"

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Conte, R., and V. Giudice. "Quality Control of Cytapheresis Products." International Journal of Artificial Organs 21, no. 6_suppl (May 1998): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889802106s09.

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The Italian government has recently adopted the Council of Europe Recommendation no.R (95)15 on GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and quality control of blood components. However, there is still discussion as to which assays are appropriate for the quality control of plateletpheresis concentrate, PBSC concentrate and granulocyte concentrate. The main issues of programs to ensure the delivery of high quality products are discussed.
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Patel, Swapnil N., Mustafa Ranapurwala, and Menka Shah. "QUALITY CONTROL OF BLOOD COMPONENTS-A STEP TOWARDS EFFICIENT SUPPLY OF BLOOD PRODUCTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/164.

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Finch, S. J., J. B. Chen, C. H. Chen, M. M. Hall, V. Matkovich, B. Wenz, H. Brandwein, and J. Whitbread. "Process control procedures to augment quality control of leukocyte-reduced red cell blood products." Statistics in Medicine 18, no. 10 (May 30, 1999): 1279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19990530)18:10<1279::aid-sim112>3.0.co;2-6.

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ISHII, YOSHIKAZU, SACHI BABA, and MASATAKA ICHIKAWA. "Quality Control of Blood Derivatives: Properties of Concentrated Products of Human Antithrombin. III." Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 18, no. 3 (1992): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.18.299.

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ISHII, YOSHIKAZU, YUKIE YASUMURA, JUNICHI KAWAMURA, MASATAKA ICHIKAWA, MITSUO KAKU, TOSHIAKI USUI, YASUHISA INOUE, and KUNIO TAKANO. "The Quality Control of Blood Derivatives: Qualitative Tests of Factor VIII Concentrate Products." Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 18, no. 4 (1992): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.18.378.

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Sultan, Sadia, Hasan Abbas Zaheer, Usman Waheed, Mohammad Amjad Baig, Asma Rehan, and Syed Mohammed Irfan. "Internal quality control of blood products: An experience from a tertiary care hospital blood bank from Southern Pakistan." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10, no. 01 (January 2018): 064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_97_17.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Internal quality control (IQC) is the backbone of quality assurance program. In blood banking, the quality control of blood products ensures the timely availability of a blood component of high quality with maximum efficacy and minimal risk to potential recipients. The main objective of this study is to analyze the IQC of blood products as an indicator of our blood bank performance. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the blood bank of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 100 units of each blood components were arbitrarily chosen during the study. Packed red cell units were evaluated for hematocrit (HCT); random platelet concentrates were evaluated for pH, yield, and culture; fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate (CP) were evaluated for unit volume, factor VIII, and fibrinogen concentrations. RESULTS: A total of 400 units were tested for IQC. The mean HCT of packed red cells was 69.5 ± 7.24, and in 98% units, it met the standard (<80% of HCT). The mean platelet yield was 8.8 ± 3.40 × 109/L and pH was ≥6.2 in 98% bags; cultures were negative in 97% of units tested. Mean factor VIII and fibrinogen levels were found to be 84.24 ± 15.01 and 247.17 ± 49.69 for FFP, respectively. For CP, mean factor VIII and fibrinogen level were found to be 178.75 ± 86.30 and 420.7 ± 75.32, respectively. CONCLUSION: The IQC of blood products at our blood bank is in overall compliance and met recommended international standards. Implementation of standard operating procedures, accomplishment of standard guidelines, proper documentation with regular audit, and staff competencies can improve the quality performance of the transfusion services.
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Khan, Maria, Junaid Tariq, Muhammad Ali Rathore, Asad Mahmood, Mansoor Ishaq Raja, and Saima Bashir. "Assessment of Internal Quality Control of Blood Products; Experience at a Regional Transfusion Centre from Northern Pakistan." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, no. 4 (September 7, 2022): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i4.8642.

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Objective: To analyze internal quality control of blood components, including red cell concentrates, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and random donor platelets, to measure our blood bank performance. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (AFIT), Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul to Dec 2021. Methodology: Whole blood units were separated into red cell concentrates, fresh frozen plasma and random platelets by the platelet-rich plasma method. Cryoprecipitates were prepared from FFPs. Quality control was done on representative components. For red cell concentrates, hematocrit was measured. For platelet concentrates, pH and platelet yield were measured. For fresh frozen plasma, Factor-VIII assay and for cryoprecipitate, Factor VIII and fibrinogen assays were done. The blood components were also tested for bacterial cultures. Results: A total of 1130 units were analyzed for quality control, including 360 red cell concentrates, fresh frozen plasma, random donor platelets each and 50 cryoprecipitates. Red cell concentrates had a mean hematocrit of 68.5±3.7%. Random donor platelets had a yield of 10.1±1.4× 1010 / unit and a mean pH of 6.7±0.2. Fresh frozen plasma had a Factor VIII level of 2.2±0.98 IU/ml. Cryoprecipitate had a mean fibrinogen level of 202.8±27.8 mg/unit and Factor VIII132.5±54.1IU/unit. All blood components met internal quality control standards. Blood cultures were negative in 99.2% of random donor platelets tested. Conclusion: The internal quality control of blood products was in concordance with the national and international standards for quality control in blood banks.
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Martin, Miguela, David Perez-Guaita, and Bayden R. Wood. "ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a quality control system for monitoring the storage of blood products." Analytical Methods 13, no. 47 (2021): 5756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ay01242h.

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Ali, Isam Eldin Hassan, Dr Abdelaziz M. Humd, Dr Manal Mostafa, and Hamza Abdallah. "Quality Control in Screening for Infectious Diseases at Blood Banks." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i02.022.

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Background: It has long been recognized that blood bank institutions have an obligation to not only provide a safe product for patients, but also to protect the health and welfare of their donors and their staff. Quality control procedures are indispensable to en¬sure the reliability of the results provided by labora¬tories responsible for serological screening in blood banks. International recommendations on systems of quality management classify as a top component the inclusion of two types of control: (a) internal quality control (IQC) and (b) external quality control (EQC). Methods: A total of 300 donations were collected and screened for HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV-1 using the enzyme inked immune sorbent assay. All initially reactive (IR) samples were retested in triplicate and, if repeatedly reactive (RR), consider as reactive. Results: The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the QCs in anti-B testing were 100% and 98.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the QCs in testing, viral screening were all 99%. Therefore our QC products and methods are highly sensitive, specific, and reliable. Our study paves the way for the establishment of a uniform and standardized QC method for pre-transfusion compatibility testing in Sudan and other parts of the world. Conclusion: The implementation of screening for three viruses has improved blood safety in Sudan.
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Xu, Gui-Ping, Li-Fang Wu, Jing-Jing Li, Qi Gao, Zhi-Dong Liu, Qiong-Hua Kang, Yi-Jun Hou, et al. "Performance Assessment of Internal Quality Control (IQC) Products in Blood Transfusion Compatibility Testing in China." PLOS ONE 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2015): e0141145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141145.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood products Quality control"

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Oliveira, Luciana Maria de. "A utiliza??o do controle estat?stico do processo para o monitoramento do sangue: estudo de caso no Memonorte-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14889.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaMO.pdf: 4073489 bytes, checksum: 4335a902162ee646b1b51eab4a321659 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29
The present work is grounded basically on the use of the Basic Tools for the Statistic Process Control SPC, with the intent to detect non-conformities on a given productive process. It consists on a case study accomplished at a Hemocenter in Natal (Rio Grande do Norte). In this study it is shown that, the Statistic Process Control Technique, which was used as a tool, is useful to identify on-conformities on the volume of hemocomponents. The gathering of the used data was performed by means of document analysis, direct observations and database queries. The results achieved from the study show that the analyzed products, even though when they have presented, in some cases, points out of control, they satisfied the ANVISA standards. Finally, suggestions for further improvement of the final product and guidance for future employment of CEP, also extended to other lines of production, are presented
A presente disserta??o fundamenta-se, basicamente, na utiliza??o das Ferramentas B?sicas do Controle Estat?stico do Processo CEP, com o objetivo de detectar n?o conformidades num determinado processo produtivo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, realizado em um Hemocentro, no munic?pio de Natal (Rio Grande do Norte). Demonstra-se no estudo que a t?cnica do controle estat?stico do processo, utilizada como ferramenta, ? ?til para identificar n?o conformidades no volume dos hemocomponentes. A coleta dos dados utilizados se deu atrav?s de: an?lise documental, observa??es diretas e consultas ao banco de dados. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que os produtos analisados, mesmo apresentando, em alguns casos, pontos fora de controle, satisfaziam as normas da ANVISA. Finalmente, s?o apresentadas sugest?es para melhorar ainda mais o produto final e tamb?m orientar a futura implanta??o do CEP, inclusive em outras linhas de produ??o
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Ledent-Semple, Elisabeth. "A study of factors influencing the quality of blood products during preparation, storage and filtration /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med667s.pdf.

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Norberg, Johan. "PLC Lab Station : Simulating an Automatic Quality Control of Loaf Products." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22647.

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Kurz, Andrea Christina. "Quality and authenticity control of apricot and peach based fruit products." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992916755/04.

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Wild, Tracy Joy. "Pharmaceutical analysis and aspects of the quality control of St. John's Wort products." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003282.

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Most complementary medicines contain a multitude of chemical components, some of which are claimed to contribute to the biological activity of such products. Use of complementary medicines for preventative and therapeutic purposes is increasing rapidly worldwide. Unfortunately, although control of these products is essential to ensure quality, safety, and efficacy, the quality control of most herbal preparations is currently poor to non-existent, with little or no safety and efficacy data required to support the marketing and use of these products. The objective of this study was therefore to develop suitable analytical methods to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the relevant components (rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin) in St John's Wort dosage forms for quality control purposes. A gradient HPLC method using a Luna 5·mC₁₈(2) 150 x 2.00mm internal diameter (i.d.) column and UV detection, was developed for the separation of six of the relevant flavonoid compounds in St John's Wort, namely rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol. The development process involved a systematic investigation of gradient conditions, flow rate, and temperature. This method was subsequently applied to assay selected commercially available St John's Wort products. This system provided the necessary accuracy, precision and reproducibility and was associated with several advantages when compared to using standard bore (4.60 mm i.d.) HPLC columns. The method developed is currently the only known method that separates all six relevant flavonoids in a reasonable run time (less than 20 minutes). It is also one of the few methods that has sufficient separation between rutin, isoquercitrin and hyperoside. A qualitative method for the fingerprinting of flavonoid components was also developed, using capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE is a rapidly growing powerful analytical technique for the separation of charged compounds. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is a very powerful electrophoretic technique that is capable of selectively resolving both neutral and ionic solutes in a single run. A MEKC method suitable for the separation and determination of various flavonoid constituents used as marker compounds in Hypericum perforatum was developed. Investigations into the effect of pH, ionic strength, applied voltage and capillary dimensions on separation were performed. The optimised method was then applied to qualitatively analyse various St John's Wort products on the market. This method was found to be advantageous in that it was simple, cost-effective, required minimal sample preparation and utilised very small quantities of sample. Due to the vast differences in chemical properties between the various marker and active components in St John's Wort, it was necessary to develop separate analytical methods for the flavonoids and for the other three relevant compounds (hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin). An isocratic HPLC method using a Luna 5·mC₁₈(2) 150 x 2.00mm (i.d.) column and UV detection was developed for the separation of hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin. The development process involved a systematic investigation of buffer molarity, mobile phase composition, pH, flow rate, and temperature. This method was subsequently applied to assay selected commercially available St John's Wort products on the South African market. This system also provided the necessary accuracy, precision and reproducibility, as well as the advantages associated with the use of a narrow bore column as opposed to the use of the more commonly used wider bore columns. This method was validated and used to quantitate these three compounds in various commercial St John's Wort products. By applying this method to liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), qualitative analyses of the same products was performed to obtain confirmation of the quantitative HPLC results. Mass spectrometry is a powerful detection tool that is more selective and specific than many detection systems used with HPLC. Natural medicines usually constitute a multitude of constituents with much potential interference. In this regard LC-MS-MS is a powerful tool, with its ability to unequivocally identify target analytes regardless of the presence of interferences or complex matrices. ESI-MS-MS was used for the qualitative analysis of the content of the naphthodianthrones and hyperforin in the respective tablet products assayed with HPLC. LC-MS-MS analyses were performed in order to identify the constituents and to verify the specificity of the HPLC method. High inter-product and inter-batch variability was observed for all nine compounds assayed. These quantitative results were confirmed with the respective qualitative analyses. This study confirms the need for strict quality control of herbal medicinal products commercially available to consumers.
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Nyman, Oscar. "Towards a quality control for cloud top pressure and cloud top height products." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61977.

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Cloud top height plays an important roll in the energy budget and is also important for aviation. This thesis concerns the quality control of cloud top height (CTH) retrievals. The approach for quality controlling retrieved CTH has been using the forward simulating software RTTOV. An error estimation function has been developed as well as an investigation to what simplifications can be done regarding the forward simulations for CTH purposes at SMHI. The purpose of the error estimation function is to validate CTH output from CTH retrieval algorithms by giving a rough error estimate of the retrieved CTH compared to what forward simulations predict. For simplifying the forward simulations the most promising results have been shown for lower clouds. Further testing is still of interest and for future work suggestions are provided regarding the error estimation function as well as for simplifying the forward simulations.
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Leavengood, Scott A. "Identifying Best Quality Management Practices for Achieving Quality and Innovation Performance in the Forest Products Industry." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/136.

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In many business sectors today, the focus on quality as a competitive tool is being replaced by a focus on innovation. Research exploring connections between quality management, innovation, and company performance suggests that quality is 'necessary but insufficient' in today's business environment. In short, the question facing managers, particularly those in small firms, is how to adapt their quality management practices to achieve innovation performance in addition to quality performance. To answer this question, West Coast U.S. forest products manufacturers were surveyed about quality management practices and performance with respect to both quality and innovation. Quality management practices were assessed following the systems perspective articulated by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Data envelopment analysis was used to identify companies efficiently using quality management practices to lead to quality and/or innovation performance. Survey responses from the efficient firms were then analyzed via cluster analysis to identify two categories of firms: those achieving primarily quality outcomes and those achieving both quality and innovation outcomes. Executives from two firms in each category were interviewed to provide detail on the management practices used by the companies. Interview transcripts were examined to identify similarities and differences in practices between the two categories of firms. Results suggest several specific areas of focus for firms wanting to adapt their quality management practices to achieve both quality and innovation performance. For example, firms focused on innovation proactively seek to identify and meet customers' needs whereas quality-focused firms primarily emphasize reacting to customer complaints. More specifically with respect to 'customer focus', firms focused on innovation emphasize convenience for their customers through practices such as standardizing product lines and providing product specifications on their websites. In contrast, neither quality-focused firm had a website. These firms were at their production capacity (at least prior to the recession) and viewed websites strictly as a means to attract new business rather than as a service to existing customers. Also with regards to customer focus, firms focused on innovation sought to generate new business - not just for their company, but for their customers as well. Beyond customer focus, firms focused on innovation provide employees with opportunities to help the organization implement changes. With respect to benchmarking, firms focused on innovation actively sought to measure their performance against the 'best practice' in the industry; firms focused primarily on quality performance demonstrated little if any emphasis on benchmarking. Finally, there were apparent overarching and hence cultural differences between the two categories of firms - firms focused on innovation were more proactive, strategic, and willing to take risk; in addition, these firms discussed innovation as the means to improve product quality, reduce costs, or attract new customers. By contrast, the quality-focused firms were reactive, conservative, and risk-averse; these firms discussed innovation primarily as 'technology' without reference to potential linkages to company performance.
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Javed, Sumbal. "Reconfiguration of vascular services to enhance quality of care." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206915.

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Hong Kong's aging population has, increased demand for vascular services. Currently, vascular surgery is subsumed under general surgery. The workload on both general surgery and vascular surgery is demanding and hence, not conductive to the development of vascular surgery. The volume of surgery, particularly emergency surgery provided by the Hospital Authority units varies significantly. The collaboration and differentiation of labor at present is not well defined in many centers. This may lead to unnecessary competition and duplication of resources in the long run. This project examined if there is room for improvement in the present situation and provides evidence for relevant service reconfiguration and discusses how Hong Kong can learn from some overseas examples to enhance quality of services delivered to patients.
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Kurz, Andrea Christina [Verfasser]. "Quality and Authenticity Control of Apricot and Peach based Fruit Products / Andrea Christina Kurz." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161305165/34.

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Sharma, Naresh Kumar. "Predicting and reducing warranty costs by considering customer expectation and product performance." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Sharma_09007dcc80626d74.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 2, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-220).
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Books on the topic "Blood products Quality control"

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Th, Smit Sibinga C., Das P. C, Heiniger Hans-Jörg, and Stichting Rode Kruis Bloedbank Groningen/Drente., eds. Good manufacturing practice in transfusion medicine: Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Blood Transfusion, Groningen 1993, organized by the Red Cross Blood Bank Groningen-Drenthe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Directorate, Canada Drugs. Blood collection and blood component manufacturing =: Collecte de sang et préparation des composés sanguins. Ottawa, Ont: Health and Welfare Canada = Santé et bien-être social Canada, 1992.

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Banks, American Association of Blood. Standards for cellular therapy product services. 5th ed. Bethesda, Md: AABB, 2011.

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Connell, J. J. Control of fish quality. 3rd ed. Oxford [England]: Fishing News Books, 1990.

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Connell, J. J. Control of fish quality. 4th ed. Oxford: Fishing News Books, 1995.

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R, Madhok, Forbes C. D. 1938-, and Evatt Bruce L, eds. Blood, blood products, and HIV. 2nd ed. London: Chapman & Hall Medical, 1994.

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AABB, ed. Guidelines for patient blood management and blood utilization. Bethesda, Md: AABB, 2011.

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Becker, Joanne, and Beth Shaz. Guidelines for patient blood management and blood utilization. Bethesda, Md: AABB, 2011.

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Management, Institute of. Managing products and services: Quality management. London: Pitman Publishing, 1994.

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Vance, Mary A. Quality of products: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood products Quality control"

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Flan, B., T. Burnouf, and J. J. Huart. "Quality Control and Release Procedures for Products Derived from Human Blood or Human Plasma Application to Pasteurized Plasma." In Good Manufacturing Practice in Transfusion Medicine, 205–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2608-7_18.

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Sahi, Sarabjit S., Kim Little, and Victoria Kristina Ananingsih. "Quality Control." In Bakery Products Science and Technology, 489–509. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792001.ch28.

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Peters, A. M. "Quality Control of Radiolabelled White Cells." In Radiolabeled Blood Elements, 29–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2462-5_5.

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Dewanjee, Mrinal K. "Quality Control of Radioiodinated Products." In Radioiodination: Theory, Practice, and Biomedical Applications, 581–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3508-9_18.

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Alli, I. "Quality control of MAP products." In Principles and Applications of Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Foods, 101–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2137-2_5.

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Amasaka, Kakuro. "Products Plan Design." In Science SQC, New Quality Control Principle, 167–81. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53969-8_10.

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Seetharaman, Koushik. "Pretzel Production and Quality Control." In Bakery Products Science and Technology, 611–18. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792001.ch35.

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Ravensberg, Willem J. "Quality Control." In A Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods, 129–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0437-4_4.

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Geigert, John. "Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Biopharmaceutical Products." In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 361–404. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0549-5_7.

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Pagano, Monica B., and N. Rebecca Haley. "Quality Control in Cord Blood Banking." In Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 39–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06444-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blood products Quality control"

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Yan, Yuncheng, Shaohong Jing, Xiaohong Wang, Qiancheng Cai, and Linan Zhao. "Quality analysis and traceability of electric porcelain products." In 2020 IEEE 4th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec48623.2020.9085074.

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Wang, Peiming, Zhaojing Wang, Weidong Yang, Yanwei Wang, and Ying Zheng. "A Visualized Quality Grading Method for Multi-index Products." In 2021 IEEE 10th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems Conference (DDCLS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ddcls52934.2021.9455604.

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Tonnaer, Loek, Jiapeng Li, Vladimir Osin, Mike Holenderski, and Vlado Menkovski. "Anomaly Detection for Visual Quality Control of 3D-Printed Products." In 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2019.8852372.

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Sarkar, Abahan, Sourav Chakraborty, and B. K. Roy. "Image processing based product label quality control on FMCG products." In 2015 International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Sustainable Growth (ICEPE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epetsg.2015.7510126.

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Sabbaghi, Arman, Qiang Huang, and Tirthankar Dasgupta. "Bayesian additive modeling for quality control of 3D printed products." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294214.

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Xu, Yaoqun, Qijia Yu, and Yi Zheng. "Supply Chain Coordination of Consumer Electronics Products Considering Product Quality Level." In 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9189485.

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Zhou, Ying, Jia-fi Tang, Ming Cao, De-feng Shu, and Bin Gao. "Conference comprehensive evaluation of cold-roller products quality with case study." In 2008 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2008.4597288.

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Elbaeva, Alina D., Raisa I. Elbaeva, Khamisha M. Senov, Yuriv V. Bolgov, and Arthur D. Elbaev. "Automatic Blood Glucometer-Tonometer to Control Diabetes Mellitus." In 2019 International Conference "Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itqmis.2019.8928367.

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Xu, Gang, Min Li, and Jinwu Xu. "Application Research of On-line Quality Control Method to Metallurgical Products." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem44572.2019.8978858.

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Du, Rihuang, Guoxi Li, Meng Zhang, and Dong Wang. "Digital Twin Modeling Method for Assembly Quality Control of Complex Products." In 2021 4th International Conference on Circuits, Systems and Simulation (ICCSS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccss51193.2021.9464200.

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Reports on the topic "Blood products Quality control"

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Childress, C. E. (Quality control and nondestructive test procedures for welded products). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6421605.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.

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Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.
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Wu, Xiaoqi, Maoxia Fan, Yaobo Pan, and Dona Guo. Quality of Evidence Supporting the Effects of Ginkgo Terpene Lactone Preparations in Ischemic Stroke: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0124.

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Review question / Objective: 2.2.1 Type of studies SRs/MAs of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of GTLP for IS in any language. 2.2.2 Type of Participants Included patients were diagnosed with IS according to international or national standards, regardless of race, age, gender, time of onset, and source of cases. 2.2.3 Type of Intervention The intervention method in the control group was routine treatment, and the intervention method in the intervention group was GTLP treatment or GTLP combined with the treatment of the control group. 2.2.4 Types of outcomes Conclusions at least need to include clinical efficacy analysis and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Condition being studied: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability globally.Among them, ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 70% of all stroke types. It is a central nervous system disease caused by cerebral blood circulation disorder, ischemia and hypoxia .The incidence rate is high and increasing year by year, the age of onset is younger, the disability rate is high, and most patients have different degrees of limb motor dysfunction.In order to reduce the burden of stroke on the society and the patient's family, many articles proposed to strengthen the primary stroke prevention - behavior change and drug intervention.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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Usai, Jannet, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Herbal Medicines Registration Process for Zimbabwe Overview of the Process. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317434.

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Unregistered traditional medicines pose a huge public health threat as the safety and efficacy of these products is unknown. The issue this study addresses is the inadequate regulatory measures for herbal medicines in Zimbabwe. This project was done to describe the current registration process of traditional medicines in Zimbabwe, and to identify the gaps and opportunities they present to improve the regulatory landscape. Regulations and laws governing the registration of herbal medicines in the country and published research on legislation of herbal medicines were reviewed. Two parallel regulatory bodies both registering and controlling the sale of herbal medicines were identified. The Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) and the Traditional Medical Practitioners Association (TMPA) both derive their authority to regulate from the ministry of health and were established through the act of parliament which gives these authorities power to regulate the quality and sale of traditional medicines without giving a prescriptive way of doing it. The registration process, and product evaluations for the two authorities are different. While the MCAZ has a clearly defined registration process, the TMPA does not. However, MCAZ has not been very successful in registering local products with the majority of the registered herbal products being imports and only 2% of total registered products being local herbs. As a recommendation, there is need for collaboration between the regulatory bodies for consistence in quality of herbal products on the market and to improve registration of local herbal products. Developing monographs for local herbs commonly used in the country will also assist local manufacturer to fulfill the quality requirements and successful compilation of dossiers for product registration.
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Munhuweyi, Ngonidzashe Portia, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Resource Modelling for the QC Laboratory at XYZ Pharmaceuticals in Southern Africa. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317431.

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Quality control (QC) laboratories are critical components in drug manufacturing and running them efficiently contributes to better, consistent supply of cost-effective quality products, while also and preventing deaths due to untimely delivery or unavailability of medicines. Having a resource modelling tool to estimate resources needed to handle a particular demand in a given system is essential for efficient running of QC laboratory. This study was done to establish such a model at XYZ Pharmaceuticals. The list of all products manufactured by XYZ Pharmaceuticals Southern Africa was reviewed; and product families for all products were identified. Analysts’ hands on time (HOT) to process one sample of each of the product families was estimated. The number of analysts required to support the workload at XYZ Pharmaceuticals was calculated using the HOTs for the different product families and the Maslaton’s Calculation Model. A baseline resource model was established.
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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, West Bishop, Christopher Grasso, Kaitlin Volk, and Kurt Getsinger. Chemical management strategies for starry stonewort : a mesocosm study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42040.

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US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved algaecides and herbicides are frequently utilized to manage nuisance algae and aquatic macrophytes. However, there is limited information available on the effectiveness of these products for the management of starry stonewort. Thus, the goal of this research was to discern effective chemical control products for later growth stages of starry stonewort using mesocosm studies. Eleven treatments were evaluated using various combinations of four copper-based products, endothall, diquat, and carfentrazone – all with USEPA registrations for use in aquatic sites. To assess treatment efficacy, water quality, photophysiology, biomass changes, and bulbil viability were evaluated. Nine of the eleven treatments yielded lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher specific conductance when compared to the control. Photophysiological response varied by condition, but seven of eleven treatments resulted in significantly lower fluorescent and maximum fluorescent yield. Five of these also exhibited significantly lower average photosynthetic yields, with combination treatments resulting in more drastic decreases. Ten of the eleven treatments had significantly less biomass compared to the control when measured via wet weight; however, only four treatments were significant when measured via dry weight. Lastly, all conditions utilizing copper-based products significantly reduced bulbil viability while non-copper products had no impact.
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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.
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