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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Blood plasma'
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1
Lal, Ritu Anilkumar 1968. "Plasma protein binding and blood to plasma partitioning studies of methamphetamine." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277954.
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Methamphetamine is a sympathomimetic drug with CNS, cardiovascular and anorectic effects. We examined the Blood to Plasma (Blood/Plasma) partitioning and plasma protein binding (PB) of d-Methamphetamine (d-MAP), using whole rat blood. The mean Blood/Plasma ratio was around 1.2 and the fraction unbound (fᵤ) was 0.8. Further, we studied the influence of concentration, pH and the presence of 1-MAP on the Blood/Plasma ratio and PB of d-MAP. There was no significant change in the Blood/Plasma ratio and the PB values at different concentrations of d-MAP or in the presence of 1-MAP. There was a slight increase in the Blood/Plasma ratio and a slight but insignificant decrease in fᵤ with pH. The equilibrium binding constants (KA) of d-MAP with human serum albumin and α₁ -acid glycoprotein were also determined and they were found to be 213 and 2461 M⁻¹ respectively.
2
Finning, Kirstin M. "Prediction of fetal RhD blood group status using fetal genetic material in maternal blood." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275889.
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Urbenjapol, Supanee. "Changes in plasma nitrate concentrations, liver and kidney flavin-containing monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 2a5 and metal contents in cadmium and bacterial endotoxin exposed mice /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16190.pdf.
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Bergdahl, Ingvar A. "Lead in blood ICP-MS studies of lead in plasma, blood and erythrocyte proteins /." Lund : Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39159416.html.
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Suontaka, Anna-Maija. "Haemostatic changes in plasma for transfusion during preparation and storage /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-449-X/.
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Wang, Haiyao. "Antiplasmin the main plasmin inhibitor in blood plasma : studies on structure-function relationships /." Stockholm : Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Clincal Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Karolinska University, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-278-0/.
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Al-Othman, Abdullah Abdulrahman 1961. "Influence of copper deficiency on plasma lipoproteins and the development of enlarged plasma volume and cholesterol pool size." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277117.
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Two studies were designed to investigate the time course development of enlarged plasma volume and cholesterol pool size in copper (Cu)-deficient rats as well as influence of Cu deficiency on the lipid composition of lipoproteins. Rats were randomly assigned to three dietary Cu treatments (deficient, marginal, and adequate) in the Study I and two dietary Cu treatments (deficient and adequate) in Study II. Enlargement of plasma volume and cholesterol pool size were established prior to the increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. Cu concentration was decreased, whereas iron and zinc concentrations were increased in the organs of Cu-deficient and Cu-marginal rats. The plasma pool size of VLDL triglyceride was elevated 6-fold, protein and phospholipid were unaltered, and cholesterol was reduced 36%. The plasma pool size of lipid and protein components of HDL and LDL fractions were markedly elevated in Cu-deficient rats.
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Shatova, Tatyana A. "Portable blood plasma separation for point of care diagnostics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103847.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 127-136).
Point of care testing is expanding the healthcare field towards personalized and early-detection medicine. Microfluidic platforms present an opportunity for low cost, portable diagnostic sensors through manipulation of small volumes of fluids on isolated, compact devices. One of the challenges of microfluidic sensors is the biological sample pretreatment steps that are manually performed prior to on-chip loading and sensing. This issue is especially prominent for human blood, which contains about a billion cells in one milliliter total volume. These blood cells can rupture, clog devices, block optical readouts, and foul electrodes. At the same time, the liquid portion of human blood, plasma, is rich in a variety of disease indicators, many of which have not yet been identified, and thus is an essential part in the diagnostic field. This thesis focuses on the design of a small, around 1 cm long, microfluidic device that separates out blood plasma from undiluted human blood. This design does not require any external field or equipment, beyond a loading syringe and collection tubing. The separation results show 10-100 times improvement in plasma purity over the literature values for passive separation designs. This separation system was then combined with a colorimetric malaria sensor that produced a visually detectable colored result with a 7.5 nM limit of detection in whole blood. This thesis details the design of a low power point of care diagnostic process that is capable of blood processing and detection, and which eliminates the need for any external laboratory-scale equipment. Advantages and challenges of other low power, microfluidic sensor constructs are also discussed.
by Tatyana A. Shatova.
Ph. D.
9
Owen, Alice. "The effects of estrogens and phytoestrogens on the metabolism and oxidation of plasma lipoproteins /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho968.pdf.
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GIORGI, G. BAGNAGATTI DE. "PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF BLOOD COMPONENTS FOR TRANSFUSION USE (WHOLE BLOOD, PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS, FRESH FROZEN PLASMA) IN CANINE, FELINE AND BOVINE BLOOD PRODUCTS, AND PREPARATION OF BLOOD COMPONENT FOR NON-TRANSFUSION USE (PLATELET RICH PLASMA)IN DOG." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/219125.
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Evaluation of hematological parameters, ammonia concentration and microbial contamination in Canine Packed Red Blood Cells stored in CPD-SAGM for 42 days.
Abstract
Canine transfusion medicine practices have been growing rapidly over the past few decades and the use of specific blood components (packed red cells, plasma) has permitted to optimized the canine blood donations. The study was undertaken to evaluated the changes in RBC, MCV, Ht, RDW, WBC and ammonia concentration in canine PRBC stored in CPD-SAGM for 42 days. Also the presence of bacterial contamination was evaluated with blood culture. PRBC units were stored in a routine manner and were examined every 2-3 weeks. Hematological parameters changed significantly with increase of MCV, Ht and RDW, while WBC decreased. Also ammonia concentration increased significantly during the storage. RBC and WBC deteriorated somewhat during storage and ammonia concentration increased similar to what reported in canine and human in vitro studies. No bacterial contamination was reported. The results obtained in this study agree mostly with what previously is reported in canine and human medicine. Further studies are needed to better evaluated how the reported alterations influence viability of blood cells in canine PRBC.
The safety and quality of feline whole blood units collected with an open system and the effect of storage on hematological parameters and ammonia concentration
Abstract
The veterinary transfusion medicine is constantly in progress but still now feline blood donation, collection, and conservation of whole blood and blood products present some problems. Feline whole blood collected with open system and stored in CPDA1 for 35 days at 4°C was evaluated for hematological parameters, ammonia concentration and sterility during the storage period. Statistical analysis resulted in significant increase in ammonia concentration and decrease of WBC. No other significant changes resulted in hematological parameters (RBC, Ht, MCV, RDW). No units presented bacterial contamination during storage. The use a standardized protocol during blood collection, preparation and storage of feline whole blood permit to obtain a product without microbial contamination, minimum changes in haematological parameters but with a very high ammonia concentration.
Preliminary Evaluation on the Stability of Protein in Bovine Fresh Frozen Plasma
Abstract
The aim of this study were to evaluating preliminary stability of glucose, urea, total protein and protein fractions in bovine fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Blood was collected into human sterile double-pack blood collection system containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA) and after centrifugation the plasma units were stored within 8 hours from blood collection at – 19°C obtaining FFP. The analysis of biochemical parameters were performed on fresh plasma after centrifugation of whole blood unit and on thawed FFP after 1 and 6 months of storage. Pre and post storage results were compared using a one way repeated measures ANOVA. Seven FFP were obtained from 7 different whole blood units. There was no significant changes in the concentrations of glucose, urea, total protein and protein fraction during the entire period of storage. This preliminary study showed that during 6 months of storage no significant changes were appeared in the evaluate biochemical parameters in bovine FFP.
Effectiveness of manual double centrifugation method for preparation of Canine Platelet-Rich Plasma
Abstract
The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product derived from whole blood with a platelet concentration higher than normal range in a small amount of plasma. Regenerative capacities of PRP deriving from platelet growth factors. For this reason PRP is used in human and veterinary medicine for its capacity to stimulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis, wound healing, production of fibroblasts, collagen, osteoblasts and to accelerate the healing process. In veterinary medicine the methods use to produce PRP are not standardized and extremely numerous. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate a manual double centrifugation method to produce canine PRP. 28 blood samples (5-10 ml with 1 ml of sodium citrate) from 28 healthy dogs were analyzed. The first centrifugation (2500 rpm for 10’) resulted in two components, blood cell component in the bottom and serum component (SEC) in the upper fraction of the tube. All SEC, the buffy coat and the first 2 mm of red blood cell was submitted to a second centrifugation (4000 rpm for 15’) and resulted in two components, platelet poor plasma (PPP) and platelet pellet in the bottom. The amount of PPP used to resuspend platelet pellet was calculated considering that all platelets previously present in the SEC was in platelet pellet. Then 50% of the calculated PPP was used to resuspend platelet pellet with the aim to obtain the final platelet concentration of about 1 million /µl.
The method proposed in this study permitted in 14/28 samples of PRP (50%) to reach the human target of 1 milion platelets/µl ± 20% and/or the target of three to six fold platelet concentration in whole blood. According to a part of human literature the concentration of platelet in PRP does not seem to be necessarily linked to its effectiveness. For this reason to complete the evaluation of the proposed method will be necessary assess the platelet viability and after apply the PRP in vivo.
11
Lomas, David Arthur. "The molecular pathophysiology of alphaâ†1-antitrypsin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308299.
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Crosbie, Alan Edward. "Some properties of amine oxidase activities in ovine blood plasma." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361679.
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Pinto, Joana Isabel Monteiro. "Healthy pregnancy and prenatal disorders followed by blood plasma metabolomics." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14784.
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Doutoramento em BioquímicaThe work presented in this thesis aimed to investigate the impact of healthy pregnancy and selected prenatal disorders on the metabolome and lipidome of maternal blood plasma, in order to define new potential biomarkers for non-invasive prediction and diagnosis. Chapter 1 describes the present status and challenges of the clinically relevant prenatal disorders, along with a presentation of the metabolomics strategy applied and the state of the art of metabolomics in prenatal research. All experimental details are described in Chapter 2, comprising sample metadata, sample collection and preparation, data acquisition protocols and data analysis procedures. The plasma metabolome and lipidome viewed by 1D and 2D NMR experiments are presented in Chapter 3. In this chapter, the use of Multiple Quantum NMR spectroscopy was explored, for the first time, for assignment of complex lipid mixtures. Chapter 4 contributes to filling in some existing gaps regarding human plasma degradability during handling and storage, as well as the importance of fasting conditions at collection. The use of heparin collection tubes resulted in no interference of the polysaccharide and full conservation of spectral information, while EDTA tubes produced a number of interfering signals from free and Ca2+/Mg2+ complexed EDTA, the impact of which on metabolomic analysis is discussed. Regarding temperature stability, large changes in lipoproteins and choline compounds were observed in plasma kept at room temperature for 2.5 hours, whereas short-term storage at -20ºC was found suitable up to 7 days, with storage at -80ºC being recommended, particularly for long-term periods (at least up to 2.5 years). Regarding freeze-thaw cycles, no more than 3 consecutive cycles were found advisable, while the use of non-fasting conditions (instead of fasting) was found acceptable. Chapter 5 presents the first NMR metabolomics study of maternal plasma throughout pregnancy, including correlation between plasma and urine metabolites. Some of the metabolic alterations observed confirmed known metabolic effects, while novel changes were observed, suggesting adjustments in energy and gut microflora metabolisms (citrate, lactate and dimethyl sulfone) and alterations in glomerular filtration rate (creatine and creatinine). Correlations studies unveiled specific lipoprotein/protein metabolic aspects of healthy pregnancy with impact on the excreted metabolome, providing further understanding of pregnancy metabolism. In Chapter 6, the impact of prenatal disorders on maternal plasma metabolome and lipidome is described for fetal chromosomal disorders (CD), including Trisomy 21 (T21). High classification rates were obtained for CD (88-89%) and T21 (85-92%) in 1st and 2nd trimesters, based on variable selection of NMR data. In addition, novel metabolic deviations were found through plasma/urine correlations, namely in low density and very low density lipoproteins (LDL+VLDL), sugar and gut microflora metabolisms. Changes in plasma phospholipid profile, namely in phosphatidylcholines, were further confirmed and characterised by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-LC/MS). In Chapter 7, metabolic biomarkers of pre- and post-diagnosis GDM were sought by NMR metabolomics of whole maternal plasma and plasma lipid profile in the 2nd trimester. Metabolic alterations found to be predictive of GDM comprised increases in cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides and small metabolites changes in glucose, amino acids, betaine, urea, creatine and metabolites related with gut microflora. Post-diagnosis GDM was successfully classified using a 26-resonance plasma biomarker corresponding to 10 metabolites and lipids, advancing the possibility of using a multi-metabolite biomarker as a complementary tool in the clinical management of GDM. Chapter 8 describes the results obtained for prenatal disorders shown to have lower impact on maternal plasma metabolome, namely diagnosed fetal malformations and pre-diagnosis premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery and preeclampsia. Finally, Chapter 9 describes the general conclusions and future perspectives in the context of this thesis, highlighting how this work contributes with new knowledge on prenatal disease mechanisms and possible biomarkers for prenatal diagnosis and prediction methods.
O trabalho apresentado nesta tese teve como principal objetivo investigar o impacto da gravidez saudável e algumas doenças pré-natais no metaboloma e lipidoma de plasma sanguíneo materno, com vista à definição de novos biomarcadores para a previsão e diagnóstico não invasivos daquelas doenças. O Capítulo 1 descreve a perspectiva atual e os desafios das doenças pré-natais mais relevantes, assim como a estratégia metabolómica e estado da arte na investigação pré-natal. Todos os detalhes experimentais do trabalho realizado estão descritos no Capítulo 2, incluindo as condições de amostragem, recolha e preparação das amostras, bem como os protocolos de aquisição e análise dos dados. No Capítulo 3 descreve-se o metaboloma e lipidoma de plasma detectados por RMN 1D e 2D. Neste capítulo, a utilização de espectroscopia de RMN de quantum-múltiplo foi explorada, pela primeira vez, para caracterização de misturas lipídicas complexas. O Capítulo 4 contribui para colmatar algumas falhas no conhecimento sobre a degradibilidade do plasma humano durante o manuseamento da amostra e armazenamento, e a importância de condições de colheita como o jejum. A utilização de tubos de colheita com heparina não mostrou interferência do polissacarídeo nos espectros conservando-se toda a informação espectral, enquanto que os tubos com EDTA deram origem a sinais interferentes provenientes do EDTA livre e complexado com Ca2+/Mg2+, cujo impacto na análise metabolómica é discutido. Relativamente à estabilidade do plasma à temperatura ambiente, foram observadas alterações nas lipoproteínas e compostos de colina a partir de 2.5 horas, enquanto que o armazenamento a -20ºC mostrou ser adequado até 7 dias, sendo o armazenamento a -80ºC aconselhado, particularmente para períodos de tempo longos (pelo menos até 2.5 anos). Relativamente aos ciclos de congelação-descongelação, não se aconselham mais de 3 ciclos consecutivos, enquanto que o efeito da colheita das amostras em não-jejum (em vez de jejum) foi considerado aceitável. O Capítulo 5 apresenta o primeiro estudo de metabolómica por RMN do plasma materno ao longo da gravidez, incluindo correlação entre plasma e urina. Algumas das alterações metabólicas observadas confirmaram efeitos metabólicos conhecidos, tendo outras sido observadas pela primeira vez sugerindo alterações no metabolismo energético, na microflora bacteriana (citrato, lactato e dimetil sulfona) e na taxa de filtração glomerular (creatina e creatinina). Os estudos de correlação revelaram aspetos metabólicos específicos das lipoproteínas/proteínas com impacto no metaboloma excretado. No Capítulo 6 descreve-se o impacto das doenças cromossómicas (CD), incluindo Trissomia 21 (T21) no metaboloma e lipidoma de plasma materno. Obtiveram-se elevadas taxas de classificação para CD (88-89%) e T21 (85-92%) no 1º e 2º trimestres baseadas na seleção de variáveis dos dados de RMN. A correlação de plasma e urina revelou novos desvios metabólicos, nomeadamente no metabolismo das lipoproteínas de baixa densidade e de muito baixa densidade (LDL+VLDL), dos açúcares e da microflora bacteriana. As alterações observadas no perfil de fosfolípidos do plasma, nomeadamente das fosfatidilcolinas, foram confirmadas e caracterizadas por cromatografia liquida hidrofílica acoplada a espetrometria de massa (HILIC-LC/MS). No Capítulo 7 apresentam-se os resultados obtidos na prospecção de biomarcadores metabólicos de diabetes mellitus gestacional (GDM) pré- e pós-diagnóstico por metabolómica de RMN de plasma materno do 2º trimestre. Observaram-se alterações metabólicas com poder de previsão de GDM, nomeadamente um aumento no colesterol, ácidos gordos, triglicerídeos e pequenas variações metabólicas na glucose, aminoácidos, betaína, ureia, creatina e metabolitos relacionados com a microflora bacteriana. O grupo de GDM pós-diagnóstico foi bem classificado utilizando como biomarcador um conjunto de 26 ressonâncias do espectro de plasma correspondendo a lípidos e 10 metabolitos de baixo peso molecular, sugerindo-se a possibilidade de usar este marcador conjunto na gestão clínica da GDM. O Capítulo 8 descreve os resultados obtidos para as doenças pré-natais que mostraram ter um menor impacto no metaboloma de plasma materno, nomeadamente as malformações fetais (FM), e os estados de pré-diagnóstico da rutura prematura das membranas (PROM), parto pré-termo (PTD) e pré-eclampsia. Finalmente, no Capítulo 9 são descritas as conclusões gerais e perspetivas futuras no contexto desta tese, realçando-se como este trabalho contribui para o novo conhecimento dos mecanismos das doenças pré-natais e possíveis biomarcadores para a sua previsão e diagnóstico.
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Yan, Jun Xu. "The relationships between retinol, zinc and proteins in human plasma." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26793.
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Levels of the micronutrients zinc, retinol (vitamin A), and OL-tocopherol (vitamin E), as well as total protein and albumin have been studied in plasma samples from an adult population of the Sydney metropolitan area (Blood Bank donors). Zinc level was also measured on plasma of previously studied and stored in situ cervical cancer patients and their controls.
The relationships among the levels of these micronutrients, together with age and sex were evaluated for the population of the Sydney metropolitan area. The correlation between retinol and zinc was also investigated in the cases and the controls of the in situ cervical cancer study.
Some of the findings are:
1. For the Blood Bank population:
(1) Plasma zinc at low levels (below mean) correlates with plasma retinol and
albumin levels.
(2) Low albumin level (below mean) inversely correlates with zinc level.
(3) Retinol level correlates strongly with total protein level; retinol also correlates
with albumin.
(4) OL-Tocopherol level correlates with retinol level.
2. For in situ cervical cancer patients:
Zinc level correlates with retinol level (for case group only, not for control).
It is proposed that a higher turnover of retinol in cancer cases explains the finding that (1) carotene is lower in cancer patients; (2) retinol is the same in cases and controls; (3) zinc is the same in cases and controls; and (4) retinol is dependent upon zinc in cancer cases.
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Khan, Asif Iqbal. "Potassium transport in human red blood cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342545.
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Liang, Hui-Qi. "Remodelling of high density lipoproteins by plasma factors /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl693.pdf.
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Bruce, Lesley J. "A study of human erythrocyte band 3 variants." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240590.
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Monck, Myrna R. "Detection of malignant disease by 1H-NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5506.
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Tarabanchuk, V. V. "Luminescenсe changes of venous blood plasma in patients with acute pancreatitis." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19666.
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Willcox, Karen Kay. "EFFECTS OF AGING AND NUTRITION ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275320.
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Nimeri, Ghada. "Neutrophil biology on artificial surfaces the role of adsorbed blood plasma proteins and platelets /." Göteborg : Göteborg University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945095.html.
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Madadi, Hojjat. "Analysis and design of a capillary driven blood plasma separation microfluidic device." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/353621.
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Recently, the emergence of lab-on-a-chip devices has seen in a variety of applications especially in clinical analys is and diagnostics. ln particular the lack of suitable microdevices for separation of plasma from whole blood is a barrier to achieve a reliable lab on a chip (LOC) blood test. In order to address this issue, a novel self-driven high throughput blood plasma separator microchip is introduced as a first step to a miniaturized blood analys is.
PDMS (Polydim ethylsiloxane) is utilized as the base material for the microdevice fabrication to ens ure the biocompatibility, the disposability (single-use to avoid contamination) and the low cost ofthe system for the mass-manufacturing. One of the characteristic features ofthe presented m icrodevice is that it needs to work just by capillary pressure eliminating the need of external sources. The requested capillary pressure to drive blood through the microdevice is derived via PDMS modification byanalyzing different surfactants, which are mixed with pre-cured PDMS to achieve a stable hydrophilic character. Furthermore, a diamond microchannel integrated micropillar (dMIMP) pump with high throughput and with a
resistance flow 35.5% lower than a circular based micropillar pump (cMIMP) has been developed. For this purpose, the pressure drop and flow resistance of a lam inar flow through low aspect ratio MIMPs with different shapes and geometrical parameters are experim entally, numerically and analytically determined. In order to characterize the fabricated microcapillarypumps in PDMS, a novel and simple fabrication technique is introduced to overcome the PDMS deform ation under high-pressure operation. The presented fabrication technique combines the use of stiff PDMS (1 0:2, the ratio between polymer base and cross liking agent) and a thin coating layer of the UV curable thiolene resin as supporter (Norland
Optical Adhesive 63) on the fabricated PDMS microchannel. Finally, using all the achieved results in the material property and microcapillary pump design in the last steps, a novel selfd riven high throughput microfluid ic chip for blood plasma separation is designed and fabricated. The presented microdevice can successfu lly separate more than 0.11JL of plasma from a whole human fresh blood drop (51JL) without the need of external forces with high efficiency(more than 90%) and reasonable time (3 to 5 minutes). The achieved plasma volume (0.1 IJL) in 10 1Jm-depth collected channels ofthe presented self-driven microdevice paves the path to integrate this microfluidic circuit in a portable medical point-of-care-testing (POCT) for doing different blood analysis.Recientemente, la aparición de dispositivos de laboratorio en un chip (Lab on a chip) ha generado una gran variedad de nuevas aplicaciones especialmente en análisis clínicos y diagnóstico. En particular, la falta de micro dispositivos adecuados para la separación del plasma de la sangre es una barrera para lograr un dispositivo portátil que pueda realizar una análisis de sangre. Con el fin de abordar esta cuestión, un microsistema auto impulsado que pueda obtener una cantidad importante de plasma sanguíneo de una gota de sangre seria un primer paso para un análisis de sangre miniaturizado. En esta tesis se utiliza PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane ) como material de base para la fabricación del microdispositivo debido a su biocompatibilidad y su bajo coste. Uno de los rasgos característicos del dispositivo presentado es que trabaja solo con presión capilar que elimina la necesidad de fuentes externas. La presión capilar solicitada para conducir sangre a través del microdispositivo se obtiene mediante la modificación del PDMS mediante diferentes agentes tensioactivos, que se mezclan con PDMS pre-curado para lograr un carácter hidrófilo estable. El proceso de filtración se basará en una estructura de columnas con baja relación de aspecto. Estás estructuras se han analizado numéricamente, analíticamente y experimentalmente, para obtener un diseño con baja resistencia al flujo. En concreto, se ha diseñado un conjunto de microcolumnas base diamante (dMIMP) que se utilizará como bomba de alto rendimiento y baja resistencia al flujo (35.5 % menor que una bomba microcolumnas circulares (cMIMP)). Para realizar esta caracterización se ha desarrollado un sistema de fabricación que permita caracterizar las estructruas de PDMS, a alta presión sin que se deformen. Por último, se ha utilizado el PDMS modificado y la bomba capilar optimizada para realizar un diseño de microfiltro de plasma sanguíneo de alto rendimiento. El microdispositivo presentado puede separar más de 0.11microL de plasma de una gota de sangre fresca humana (5microL) sin la necesidad de fuerzas externas con una alta eficiencia (más del 90%) y un tiempo razonable (de 3 a 5 minutos). El volumen de plasma obtenido es suficiente para implementar diferentes tipos de test sanguíneo y por tant representa el primer paso hacia la creación de un punto de atención portàtil (POC, point of care).
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Taylor, Claire E. "Functional aspects of chemically modified bovine blood plasma and egg albumen proteins." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/785/.
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Khafaji, Mawya Abdulkarim. "The effects of diabetes on red blood cells plasma membrane physical properties." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439821.
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Kersaudy-Kerhoas, Maiwenn. "Design, test and biological validation of microfluidic systems for blood plasma separation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2365.
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Sample preparation has been described as the weak link in microfluidics. In particular, plasma has to be extracted from whole blood for many analysis including protein analysis, cell-free DNA detection for prenatal diagnosis and transplant monitoring. The lack of suitable devices to perform the separation at the microscale means that Lab On Chip (LOC) modules cannot be fully operated without sample preparation in a full-scale laboratory. In order to address this issue, blood flow in microchannels has been studied, and red blood cells behaviours in different geometrical environments have been classified. Several designs have been subsequently proposed to exploit some natural properties of blood flow and extract pure plasma without disturbing the cells. Furthermore, a high-level modelling method was developed to predict the behaviour of passive microfluidic networks. Additionally, the technique proposed provides useful guidance over the use of systems in more complex external environments. Experimental results have shown that plasma could be separated from undiluted whole blood in 10μm width microchannels at a flow rate of 2mL/hr. Using slightly larger structures (20μm) suitable for mass-manufacturing, diluted blood can be separated with 100% purity efficiency at high flow rate. An extensive biological validation of the extracted plasma was carried out to demonstrate its quality. To this effect Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify targeted human genomic sequence from cell-free DNA present in the plasma. Furthermore, the influence of the sample dilution and separation efficiency on the amplification was characterised. It was shown that the sample dilution does have an influence on the amplification of house-keeping gene, but that amplification can be achieved even on high diluted samples. Additionally amplification can also be obtained on plasma samples with a range of separation efficiencies from 100% to 84%. In particular, two main points have been demonstrated (i) the extraction of plasma using combination of constrictions and bifurcations, (ii) the biological validation of the extracted plasma.
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Zeevaart, Jan Rijn. "Complexation of trivalent lanthanides by three diphosphonate ligands in the blood plasma." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23246.
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It has been shown that ¹⁵³Sm complexed with the bone seeking ligand ethylene-diaminetetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) is effective in pain palliation therapy of bone cancer. Blood plasma models for this ligand with Sm(III) and Ho(III) have been successfully constructed explaining the differences between ¹⁵³SmEDTMP and ¹⁶⁶HoEDTMP. The latter isotope is preferred because of its more energetic β particle, thought to improve the therapeutic effect of the radiopharmaceutical. However, ¹⁶⁶HoEDTMP is not an effective pain palliation agent and consequently the search for a more effective bone cancer therapeutic radiopharmaceutical involving ¹⁶⁶Ho continues. A ligand is being sought which complexes Ho(III) with a formation constant high enough to survive competition from blood plasma ligands but not so high to prevent ¹⁶⁶Ho from being accessible to metastases. EDTMP is unsuitable as such a ligand because of its inability to compete with citrate for complexation of Ho(III). For this study three diphosphonate ligands applied in radiation imaging of bone or nonradiative treatment of osteoporosis were chosen. They are APD (1-hydroxy-3-aminopropylidene- diphosphonic acid), MDP (methylenediphosphonic acid) and HEDP (1- hydroxy-ethylene-diphosphonic acid). Formation constants for the complexation of Ca(II), Mg(II), Zn(II), Sm(III) and Ho(III) with all of these ligands were measured using potentiometry and polarography. The latter was used to complement potentiometry in systems where precipitates formed. The complexation of Cd(II) by HEDP was used to compare the two techniques and to show that the values found by either technique are comparable. NMR studies were attempted on some complexes in solution to investigate the role the of the hydroxy-group (APD and HEDP) in complexation. The program ECCLES was used together with the formation constants measured in this study to predict the speciation of Ho(III) and Sm(III) with these three ligands in blood plasma. The results gathered for Ho(III) and APD were used as an indication and in an application to an ethical committee before animal testing. A baboon test was carried out using ¹⁶⁶HoAPD, the most promising system. The resulting bone-uptake and side-effects found in the animal study confirmed the predictions made by ECCLES. It proved that ¹⁶⁶HoAPD would be ineffective as a therapeutic agent due to high liver uptake. Valuable information on how a future radiopharmaceutical should be designed was obtained in this study.
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Chen, Kexun. "ANTIMICROBIAL RESPONSE OF AND BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN ADSORPTION ON SILVER-DOPED HYDROXYAPATITE." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523269330734553.
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Khan, Aabida. "Classification of HIV virological failure using whole blood versus plasma viral load." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22775.
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Introduction: HIV viral load testing is the preferred monitoring approach for HIV infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) as it is more sensitive than CD4 count and clinical monitoring. In resource limited settings, timely plasma separation and transportation to testing laboratories is a major barrier to the access of HIV viral load testing. The 2015 World Health Organisation guidelines recommend that cART should be initiated in all adults and children living with HIV regardless of disease stage or CD4 count, thereby escalating the demand for HIV viral load testing. Potential solutions to expand implementation and scale up of viral load testing in low and middle income countries are whole blood testing through point of care (POC) viral load assays or dried blood spots (DBS) collected at the health facility. Utilization of whole blood instead of plasma would simplify sample collection, storage and transportation requirements and be cost effective. However, the paucity of studies comparing whole blood HIV viral load across different test platforms, especially in the correct classification of virological failure, has resulted in the lack of a standardised programmatic approach to whole blood viral load testing. Methods: We evaluated four HIV whole blood viral load test methods namely Alere q HIV-1/2 POC, Abbott RealTime HIV-1 DBS original and updated protocols, and Roche CAP/CTM DBS free virus elution (FVE) protocol, against the standard of care, plasma viral load, on 299 samples across the viral load spectrum from South African patients on cART. Virological failure was defined at >1000 copies/ml. Proportions of correct classification of virological failure and overall correlation with plasma were used for evaluating each method's performance. Results: Alere q, Abbott original and updated, and Roche FVE correctly classified virological failure in 61%, 89%, 87% and 76% of all samples tested respectively. The performance varied across plasma viral load categories. Alere q showed good correlation above plasma viral load of 1000 copies/ml, with correct classification of virological failure in 100% of samples. However, below the plasma threshold of 1000 copies/ml, Alere q demonstrated significant over-quantification, resulting in reduced specificity and upward misclassification of virological failure in 39% of all samples tested. Abbott original and updated also had good sensitivity of 98% and 91% respectively and the best overall correlation with plasma (r² = 0.76 and 0.72 respectively), but there was upward misclassification in 10% and 8% of samples tested respectively. Roche FVE had the best specificity of 99% but with significantly reduced sensitivity of 53%, especially between 1000–10,000 copies/ml of plasma, resulting in downward misclassification in 24% of all samples tested. Greatest variability between the different testing methods was seen when plasma viral load was 40-1000 copies/ml. Correlation was best for all whole blood viral load assays at >10,000 copies/ml. Conclusion: The key finding highlighted by this study is the great variability between the different whole blood test methods. Various factors influence the ability to quantify whole blood HIV viral load such as input volume used in each assay vary, sample treatment/processing (DBS versus fresh blood samples versus FVE), extraction (RNA selective, total nucleic acid extraction), amplification target and detection methods are different for each of the platforms tested. Based on our study, Alere q and Abbott DBS need to raise their whole blood threshold for virological failure in order to reduce upward misclassification and Roche FVE needs to achieve better sensitivity around its limit of detection. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis can be used to determine the optimum threshold of virological failure for each assay.
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Lindegård, Boel. "Determination of amines and amine N-oxides in biological samples, particularly with supported liquid membranes for sample pretreatment." Lund : Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39111862.html.
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Davies, Philip Andrew. "Physical and engineering aspects of protein separation processes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253017.
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Rafiq, Mineza. "Expression and characterisation of recombinant human ceruloplasmin." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369290.
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Brown, Katrina. "Antioxidant status and oxidative stress in male smokers and non-smokers : effects of vitamin E supplementation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU544082.
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Smokers incur a sustained free radical load which may increase their vitamin E requirement. However, in the present study this was not apparent from plasma and red blood cells (RBC) vitamin E concentrations which were similar in both smokers and non-smokers. However, RBC from smokers were more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide-stimulated peroxidation than those from non-smokers (p<0.001). Furthermore, plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and conjugated dienes were also elevated in smokers compared with the non-smokers (p<0.05). These indices of oxidative stress were markedly decreased (p<0.001) in both the smokers, and non-smokers, following consumption of 280 mg dl- tocopherol acetate/day for ten weeks. Plasma and RBC vitamin E concentration increased substantially following supplementation, but the % increase in vitamin E required to improve resistance to in vitro RBC peroxidation was significantly greater in non-smokers (p<0.01). This may reflect an endogenous adaptive response to oxidant stress in RBC of smokers. Erythrocyte vitamin E concentrations increased in a dose dependent manner during 20 weeks of supplementation with either 70,140,560 or 1050mg d--tocopherol per day. In smokers each dose was associated with a significant decrease in susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidation (p<0.001). However, red cells of non-smokers on the 1050mg supplement demonstrated an increased susceptibility to peroxidation (p<0.001). Thus, vitamin E may demonstrate prooxidant activity in non-smokers at high and prolonged intakes. Moreover, prolonged supplementation with d--tocopherol in non-smokers induced a decline in plasma ascorbate concentration (p<0.02) in association with an increasing erythrocyte vitamin E uptake (p<0,001). Both smokers and non-smokers may benefit from increased vitamin E intakes, although their requirements may be very different. However pharmacological doses may not be required since it appears that doses as low as 70mg are equally effective.
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Rochette, Lynne M. "Resting hemodynamic function and reactivity to acute stress : the influence of hydration on cardiac function and plasma volume /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108392572.
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Touchette, Kevin James. "Use of spray-dried plasma in weaned pig diets /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9964005.
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Castro, Christopher M. "The identification of E2A-interacting proteins in human plasma cells." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2339.
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A novel plasma cell-restricted E2A-containing ~-tE2-binding species, designated P-E2A, which forms during the mature B- to plasma cell transition has recently been detected (Jacobs, 1993). In order to elucidate the molecular components of P-E2A, a human plasma cell eDNA library was constructed from the ARH-77 cell line, and the yeast two-hybrid system was employed to search for E2A-interacting plasma cell factors. A hybrid vector that expresses the bHLH region of E4 7 was constructed and utilized as bait to detect E2A-interacting clones. Three clones were isolated that represent possible candidates for in vivo E2A interactions. To improve the specificity and sensitivity of the system, we devised an alternative strategy to the yeast two-hybrid system for the in vivo detection ofE-box-binding E2A-interacting proteins.
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Osborn, Anna. "Measurements of Human Plasma Oxidation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1426.
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The oxidation of lipids and antioxidants has been extensively studied in human plasma but little attention has been given to how plasma proteins are oxidised. Proteins make up the majority of biomolecules in cells and plasma and therefore are the most likely reactants with oxidants and free radicals. Previous studies in the laboratory had shown that peroxyl radicals generated by the thermolytic decay of 2-azobis (2-amdinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) generated significant amounts of protein hydroperoxides, but only after a six hour lag period. In this study the existence of the six hour lag period was confirmed and shown by dialysis of the plasma to be due to the presence of low molecular weight antioxidants. The addition of both uric acid and ascorbic acid to the dialysed plasma restored the lag phase suggesting that in vivo these antioxidants act to prevent protein hydroperoxide formation. Lipid oxidation was also observed in the plasma but only after a two hour lag phase. This was the first time lipid oxidation has been observed in the absence of protein oxidation. The lipid lag phase was also abolished by dialysis of the plasma and restored by the addition of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The kinetics of tocopherol loss suggests that the tocopherol radicals act to inhibit lipid oxidation by transferring the electrons to the water-soluble ascorbate. The loss of ascorbate appears to cause the formation of a tocopherol radical mediate the lipid peroxidation process. Overall the data shows ascorbic acid scavenging the peroxyl radicals while uric acid acts to reduce the overall AAPH generated radical flux. In a separate investigation, the production of protein-bound DOPA (PB-DOPA) on albumin during X-ray radiolysis and copper mediate Fenton oxidation was investigated using a fluorescence based derivatisation method (ED-DOPA), which was compared with the more specific acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis method. The ED-DOPA method consistently gave a much higher reading that the HPLC based methods, suggesting that the ED-DOPA method was measuring DOPA plus DOPA oxidation products. This was confirmed by oxidising X-ray radiolysis generated PB-DOPA with Cu++ to cause DOPA oxidation. The Cu++ treatment drastically increased the level of signal given by the ED-DOPA assay while HPLC analysis showed all the DOPA had been oxidised.
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Neiman, Maja. "Bead based protein profiling in blood." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117960.
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This thesis is about protein profiling in blood-derived samples using suspension bead ar- rays built with protein affinity reagents, and the evaluation of binding characteristics and potential disease relation of such profiles. A central aim of the presented work was to discover and verify disease associated protein profiles in blood-derived samples such as serum or plasma. This was based on immobiliz- ing antigens or antibodies on color-coded beads for a multiplexed analysis. This concept generally allow for a dual multiplexing because hundreds of samples can be screened for hundreds of proteins in a miniaturized and parallelized fashion. At first, protein antigens were used to study humoral immune responses in cattle suffering from a mycoplasma infec- tion (Paper I). Here, the most immunogenic of the applied antigens were identified based on reactivity profiles from the infected cattle, and were combined into an antigen cocktail to serve as a diagnostic assay in a standard ELISA set-up. Next, antibodies and their em- ployment in assays with directly labeled human samples was initiated. This procedure was applied in a study of kidney disorders where screening of plasma resulted in the discovery of a biomarker candidate, fibulin-1 (Paper II). In parallel to the disease related applica- tions, systematic evaluations of the protein profiles were conducted. Protein profiles from 2,300 antibodies were classified on the bases of binding properties in relation to sample heating and stringent washing (Paper III). With a particular focus on heat dependent de- tectability, a method was developed to visualize those proteins that were captured to the beads in an immunoassay by using Western blotting (Paper IV). In conclusion, this thesis presents examples of the possibilities of comparative plasma profiling enabled by protein bead arrays.QC 20130208
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Lee, Sun Min. "Studies of the Mechanism of Plasma Cholesterol Esterification in Aged Rats." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331051/.
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The study was performed to determine factors influencing the esteriflcation of plasma cholesterol in young and aged rats. The distribution of LCAT activity was determined following gel nitration chromatography and ultracentrifugation of whole plasma respectively. When rat plasma was fractionated on a Bio-Gel A-5 Mcolumn, LCAT activity was found to be associated with the HDL fraction. A similar result was observed upon 24 hr density gradient ultracentrifugation of the plasma. However, following prolonged 40 hr preparative ultracentrifugation, the majority of the LCAT activity was displaced into the lipoprotein-free infranatant fraction (d> 1.225 g/ml). The dissociation of LCAT from the HDL fraction occured to a smaller extent in aged rat plasma than in young rat plasma. Plasma incubation (37°C) experiments followed by the isolation of lipoproteins and the subsequent analysis of their cholesterol content revealed that in vitro net esteriflcation of free cholesterol (FC) by LCAT as well as the fractional ufilization of HDL-FC as substrate were lower in the plasma of the aged animal as compared to that of the young animal despite the fact that the total pool of FC was higher in the former. The net transfer of FC from lower density lipoproteins (d<1.07 g/ml) to HDL provided the FC (in addition to HDL-FC) for esteriflcation in the plasma of both young and aged rats, and this process was not substantially affected by aging. Substrate specificity studies indicated that HDL from young rats was a better substrate for LCAT than the HDL from aged rats. The HDL isolated from the plasma of aged rats was enriched with apo E and had a considerably higher molecular weight than the HDL from young rat plasma. The ratio of phosphatidyl choline/sphingomyelin was lower in the HDL of aged rats. These data suggest that the decreased plasma cholesterol esteriflcation in aged rats is due to changes in the composition and size of the lipoprotein substrate (HDL).
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Mohammadi, Mahdi. "Direct current insulator based dielectrophoresis (DC-iDEP) microfluidic chip for blood plasma separation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299206.
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Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) integrated microfluidics has been a powerful tool for new developments in analytical chemistry. These microfluidic systems enable the miniaturization, integration and automation of complex biochemical assays through the reduction of reagent use and enabling portability.Cell and particle separation in microfluidic systems has recently gained significant attention in many sample preparations for clinical procedures. Direct-current insulator-based dielectrophoresis (DC-iDEP) is a well-known technique that benefits from the electric field gradients generated by an array of posts for separating, moving and trapping biological particle samples. In this thesis a parametric optimization is used to determine the optimum radius of the post for particle separation. Results that are used to design a microfluidic device that with a novel combination of hydrodynamic and di-electrophoretic techniques can achieve plasma separation in a microfluidic channel from fresh blood and for the first time allows optical real-time monitoring of the components of plasma without pre or post processing. Finally, all the results are integrated to create a novel microfluidic chip for blood plasma separation, which combines microfluidics with conventional lateral flow immune chromatography to extract enough plasma to perform a blood panel. The microfluidic chip design is a combination of cross-flow filtration with a reversible electroosmotic flow that prevents clogging at the filter entrance and maximizes the amount of separated plasma. The main advantage of this design is its efficiency, since with a small amount of sample (a single droplet ~10µL) a considerable amount of plasma (more than 1µL) is extracted and collected with high purity (more than 99%) in a reasonable time (5 to 8 minutes). To validate the quality and quantity of the separated plasma and to show its potential as clinical tool, the microfluidic chip has been combined with lateral flow immune chromatography technology to perform a qualitative detection of the TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and a blood panel for measuring cardiac Troponin and Creatine Kinase MB. The results obtained from the microfluidic system are comparable to previous commercial lateral flow assays that required more sample for implementing less tests.Els dispositius Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) són una eina de gran abast per als nous desenvolupaments de química analítica. Aquests sistemes de microfluids permeten la miniaturització, la integració i automatització d'assajos bioquímics complexos a través de la reducció del consum de reactiu i són portables. La separació de partícules i cél.lules mitjançant sistemes de microfluids ha guanyat recentment una atenció significativa en la preparació de mostres per als procediments clínics. La dielectroforesis amb corrent continu basada amb aïllants (DC-IDEP) és una tècnica ben coneguda que es beneficia dels gradients de camp elèctric generats per una sèrie de columnes d'aïllants que permeten la separació, el moviment i la captura de mostres de partícules biològiques. En aquesta tesis una optimització paramètrica s'utilitza per determinar el radi òptim de la columna necessària per a la separació de partícules. Resultats que s'utilitzen per dissenyar un dispositiu de microfluids que amb una nova combinació de tècniques hidrodinàmiques i di-electroforètiques pot aconseguir la separació de plasma en un microcanal a partir de sang fresca que per primera vegada permet la monitorització en temps real òptica dels components del plasma sense pre o post processament. Finalment, tots els resultats s'integren per crear un nou microxip per a la separació de plasma de la sang, que combina la microfluídica amb cromatografia de flux lateral convencional per extreure suficient plasma per dur a terme un panell de sang. El disseny del microxip és una combinació de filtració de flux creuat amb un flux electroosmòtic reversible que evita l'obstrucció a l'entrada del filtre i maximitza la quantitat de plasma separat. El principal avantatge d'aquest disseny és la seva eficiència, ja que amb una petita quantitat de mostra (una sola gota ~ 10µL) s'extreu una quantitat considerable de plasma (més de 1µL) i es recull amb gran puresa (més de 99%) en temps raonable (de 5 a 8 minuts). Per validar la qualitat i quantitat del plasma separat i per mostrar el seu potencial com a eina clínica, el xip de microfluids s'ha combinat amb la tecnologia de cromatografia de flux lateral per a realitzar una detecció qualitativa de la TSH (hormona estimulant de la tiroide) i un panell de sang per mesura la troponina cardíaca i la creatina quinasa MB. Els resultats obtinguts del sistema de microfluids són comparables als assajos de flux lateral comercials anteriors que requerien més mostra per a la realització de menys proves.
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Tattersall, James Erskine. "Atrial natriuretic peptide : its measurement in plasma and role in blood volume homeostasis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338515.
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Chen, Jiadong. "Shape and Hydrophobicity Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Blood Plasma Protein Adsorption." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1595977372164445.
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Price, Kathryn Leigh. "Plasma amino acid and metabolite changes in pigs during endotoxemia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77279.
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The nutritional status, especially circulating amino acid (AA) levels, can drastically change during a non-infectious (i.e., LPS) or infectious (e.g., Salmonella) challenge. Thus, study 1 examined the effect of LPS treatment (N = 9, 26.9 ± 1.07 kg BW) on plasma AA and metabolite levels in pigs. Data were used to generate prediction equations establishing mathematical relationships between plasma AA levels and numerous blood metabolites (e.g., total lipid, LDL, HDL, blood urea nitrogen, etc). These equations have the potential to improve the nutritional treatment and recovery of acute and chronically ill patients.
Study 2 (19.1 ± 0.37 kg) was a continuation of study 1 except the sampling time was increased from 12 to 24 h. One-half of the pigs in study 2 were treated with LPS (N=15) and the other one-half were saline treated control animals (N = 16). This design allows for monitoring changes in plasma AA and their catabolism in response to endotoxemia. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for a selected AA to report AA balances. During the induction phase of an acute challenge (t = -2 to 12 h), analyzed AA were in a negative balance indicating heavy AA catabolism. However, during the recovery phase (t = 12 to 24 h) half of the AA were in a positive balance while the other half were still negative. The ability of equations to accurately predict AA concentrations was tested. Results indicate poor performance possibly due to heavy term biases. Thus, it was concluded that equations need to be revisited and non-linear terms need to be evaluated. Nonetheless, routine clinical blood metabolites can be used to estimate plasma AA levels during immune activation.
We successfully established a porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium model. Pigs infected with Salmonella had a febrile response for 4 d and exhibited marked changes in their fecal bacterial populations
Finally, we investigated plasma changes in N-τ-methyl histidine (NτMH) in healthy and LPS-treated pigs. NτMH— is a post-translationally modified AA that has historically been used as an indirect marker of muscle protein breakdown in rodents and humans. However, the major form (i.e., free or acetylated) of NτMH in pig plasma was unknown. Results indicate that only 15% of plasma NτMH is in the free form and the remainder is acetylated. Furthermore, LPS treated pigs had increased acetylated and total NτMH fractions while free NτMH did not change. Therefore, to accurately monitor plasma changes in NτMH as an indicator of muscle proteolysis, plasma samples must be subjected to acid hydrolysis.Ph. D.
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Cross, Teresa Jane. "Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride responses of hamsters fed oat bran and pinto bean diets." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040747/.
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Suaid, Fabricia Ferreira. "Avaliaçao histometrica da associaçao do plasma rico em plaquetas com o enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial em retraçoes gengivais em caes." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290826.
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Orientador: Enilson Antonio SallumDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:02:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suaid_FabriciaFerreira_M.pdf: 1294405 bytes, checksum: 8106398e3a230d0f3fbccbd2dd04a6cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar histometricamente, o processo de cura dos defeitos periodontais tipo retrações gengivais, criados cirurgicamente em cães, após serem tratados pela técnica do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial em associação com o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP). Inicialmente foram criados cirurgicamente defeitos de retração Classe I de Miller nos caninos superiores de seis cães de raça indefinida. Após um mês de cronificação, os defeitos bilaterais semelhantes foram aleatoriamente designados a receber os seguintes tratamentos: Lado 1: enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial associado ao uso de PRP; Lado 2: enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial. Decorridos 45 dias do tratamento os animais foram sacrificados e foram obtidas as peças para análise histológica dos seguintes parâmetros histométricos: novo cemento formado com fibras inseridas, novo osso, extensão do epitélio sulcular e juncional, área de adaptação conjuntiva e extensão do defeito. Observou-se uma maior extensão linear de novo cemento estatisticamente significante (p⿤ 0,05) nos dentes tratados com o PRP (2,18 ± 0,78 mm) quando comparados aos dentes do lado controle (1,19 ± 0,62 mm). Todos os outros parâmetros não tiveram diferenças estatÃsticas. As médias obtidas nos lados teste e controle, respectivamente, foram: extensão de epitélio sulcular e juncional, 2,04 ± 0,57mm e 2,49 ± 0,82mm; adaptação conjuntiva 0,29 ± 0,28mm e 0,23 ± 0,18mm; novo osso â¿¿ 0,57 ± 0,95mm e â¿¿ 0,46 ± 1,34mm, e extensão do defeito 4,13 ± 0,83mm e 4,47 ± 0,58mm. Considerando os limites deste estudo, pode-se concluir que a associação do PRP ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo, no tratamento de defeitos de retração, promoveu maior neoformação cementária quando comparado ao tratamento controle
Abstract: The aim of this study was to histometrically evaluate the healing process of gingival recessions treated by PRP in combination with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and to compare it to that obtained with SCTG alone (Control). Six mongrel dogs were used in the experiment. Gingival recessions (5x7mm) were surgically created and exposed to plaque accumulation for 1 month. Contralateral defects were then randomly assigned to test group or control. Dogs were sacrificed 45 days after healing, and the blocks containing the experimental specimens were processed for histological analysis. The histometric parameters evaluated were: length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone and defect extension. A superior length of new cementum, statistically significant, was observed in sites treated with PRP (2.18 ± 0.78mm) in comparison with the control (1.19 ± 0.62mm). No statistical differences in any other parameters evaluated were detected. The extension of the sulcular and junctional epithelium was 2.04 ± 0.57 mm for the PRP group and 2.49 ± 0.82mm for the control. The new connective tissue adjacent to the root without cementum formation was 0.29 ± 0.28 mm and 0.23 ± 0.18 mm for the PRP group and control, respectively. Bone formation was ⿿ 0.57 ± 0.95 mm for the PRP group and ⿿ 0.46 ± 1.34mm for the control. Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that PRP in combination with subepithelial connective tissue graft, when compared to the other treatment (control), seems to be more effective in promoting new cementum formation
Mestrado
Periodontia
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Anwar, Mohammad Akhtar. "A haemorheological study of the human fetus, neonate and adult in normal and pathological states." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295471.
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Savage, Ian Francis. "The development of the methodology for the analysis of trace elements in clinical samples using TXRF." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301637.
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Crosby, Steven Robert. "Development and application of monoclonal antibodies to ACTH related peptides." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328332.
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Moir, Elaine. "The pro- and anti-fibrinolytic properties of human leucocytes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340602.
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Ramdayal, Kavisha. "Evolution of HIV-1 subtype C gp120 envelope sequences in the female genital tract and blood plasma during acute and chronic infection." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4355.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDHeterosexual transmission of HIV-1 via the female genital tract is the leading route of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Viruses then traffic between the cervical compartment and blood ensuring pervasive infection. Previous studies have however reported the existence of genetically diverse viral populations in various tissue types, each evolving under separate selective pressures within a single individual, though it is still unclear how compartmentalization dynamics change over acute and chronic infection in the absence of ARVs. To better characterize intrahost evolution and the movement of viruses between different anatomical tissue types, statistical and phylogenetic methods were used to reconstruct temporal dynamics between blood plasma and cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) derived HIV-1 subtype C gp120 envelope sequences. A total of 206 cervical and 253 blood plasma sequences obtained from four treatment naïve women enrolled in the CAPRISA Acute Infection study cohort in South Africa were evaluated for evidence of genotypic and phenotypic differences between viral populations from each tissue type up to 3.6 years post-infection. Evidence for tissue-specific differences in genetic diversity, V-loop length variation, codon-based selection, co-receptor usage, hypermutation, recombination and potential N-linked glycosylation (PNLG) site accumulation were investigated. Of the four participants studied, two anonymously identified as CAP270 and CAP217 showed evidence of infection with a single HIV-1 variant, whereas CAP177 and CAP261 showed evidence of infection by more than one variant. As a result, genetic diversity, PNLGs accumulation and the number of detectable recombination events along the gp120 env region were lowest in the former patients and highest in the latter. Overall, genetic diversity increased over the course of infection in all participants and correlated significantly with viral load measurements from the blood plasma in one of the four participants tested (i.e. CAP177). Employing a structured coalescent model approach, rates of viral migration between anatomical tissue types on time-measured genealogies were also estimated. No persistent evidence for the existence of separate viral populations in the cervix and blood plasma was found in any of the participants and instead, sequences generally clustered together by time point on Bayesian Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) trees. Clades that were monophyletic by tissue type comprised mostly of low diversity or monotypic sequences from the same time point, consistent with bursts of viral replication. Tissue-specific monophyletic clades also generally contained few sequences and were interspersed among sequences from both tissue-types. Tree and distance-based statistical tests were employed to further evaluate the degree to which cervical and blood plasma viruses clustered together on Bayesian MCC trees using the Slatkin-Maddison (S-M), Simmonds Association index (AI), Monophyletic Clade (MC), Wright’s measure of population subdivision (FST) and Hudson’s Nearest Neighbour (Snn) statistics, in the presence and absence of monotypic and low diversity sequences. Statistical evidence for the presence of tissue-specific population structure disappeared or was greatly reduced after the removal of monotypic and low diversity sequences, except in CAP177 and CAP217, in 3/5 of longitudinal tree and distance-based tests. Analysis of phenotypic differences between viral populations from the blood plasma and cervix revealed inconsistent tissue-specific patterns in genetic diversity, codon-based selection, co-receptor usage, hypermutation, recombination, V-loop length variation and PNLG site accumulation during acute and chronic infection among all participants. There is therefore no evidence to support the existence of distinct viral populations within the blood plasma and cervical compartments longitudinally, however slightly constrained populations may exist within the female genital tract at isolated time points, based on the statistical findings presented in this study.
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Williams, Donna Ann. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA VOLUME AND BLOOD LACTATE DURING EXERCISE FOLLOWING SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS (BEDREST DECONDITIONING, ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275469.
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