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1
Neary, Richard H., Mark D. Kilby, Padma Kumpatula, Francis L. Game, Deepak Bhatnagar, Paul N. Durrington, and P. M. Shaughn O'Brien. "Fetal and Maternal Lipoprotein Metabolism in Human Pregnancy." Clinical Science 88, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0880311.
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1. Lipid, apolipoprotein concentration and composition were determined in maternal venous and umbilical arterial and venous blood at delivery by elective Caesarean section in 13 full-term pregnancies and in 25 healthy non-pregnant females. The indications of Caesarean section were a previous Caesarean section or breech presentation. None of the women was in labour and there were no other complications of pregnancy or fetal distress. 2. The objectives of the study were to establish whether the placenta has a role in feto-maternal cholesterol metabolism through either synthesis or transplacental cholesterol flux. The potential for free cholesterol diffusion between mother and fetus and rates of cholesterol esterification and transfer between lipoproteins were determined and related to the differences in composition between fetal and maternal lipoproteins. 3. Pregnant women had raised levels of all lipid and lipoprotein fractions compared with control subjects. The greatest increases were in free cholesterol and triacylglycerol (P < 0.0001). Lipoprotein (a) levels were significantly greater in the pregnant women [112(12.2) mg/l] than in the control women [50 (10.0) mg/l]. 4. The only significant correlation between maternal and fetal lipoprotein concentrations was in lipoprotein (a) levels (r = 0.791, P = 0.002). In both umbilical venous and arterial blood, concentrations of very-low- and low-density lipoproteins, particularly apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol, were lower than in maternal blood (P < 0.0001), but high-density lipoprotein levels were similar. 5. There was no umbilical arteriovenous differences in lipoprotein concentration or composition. This suggests that cholesterol synthesis or free cholesterol diffusion does not occur in the placenta. The relative concentrations of free cholesterol to phospholipid in maternal and fetal lipoproteins do not indicate the existence of a concentration gradient favouring free cholesterol diffusion across the placenta. 6. The esterification of free cholesterol was significantly reduced in maternal [17.7 (2.4) μmol h−1 l−1, P < 0.001] and fetal [6.7 (3.5) μmol h−1 l−1, P < 0.0001] compared with control [40.9 (13.2) μmol h−1 l−1] blood. 7. In fetal compared with maternal high-density lipoproteins the ratios cholesteryl ester/apoliproprotein A-I [0.84 (0.35) versus 0.40 (0.05), P < 0.01] and phospholipid/apolipoprotein A-I [1.66 (0.14) versus 0.58 (0.10), P < 0.0001] indicated lipid enrichment of these particles in the fetus. 8. Lipid enrichment of high-density lipoprotein is due in part to a marked reduction in transfer of cholesteryl ester in the fetus [1.0 (0.6) μmol h−1 l−1] compared with maternal [6.15 (1.3) μmol h−1 l−1, P = 0.004] and control [17.3 (7.2) μmol h−1 l−1, P < 0.0001] blood. 9. In conclusion, there was no evidence for involvement of the placenta in cholesterol metabolism during pregnancy. In fetal life high-density lipoproteins are lipid rich, partly because of a reduction in transfer of esterified cholesterol to other particles. Maternal and fetal lipoprotein levels are not correlated, although the results suggested that lipoprotein (a) levels may be related.
2
Ohkawa, Ryunosuke, Hann Low, Nigora Mukhamedova, Ying Fu, Shao-Jui Lai, Mai Sasaoka, Ayuko Hara, et al. "Cholesterol transport between red blood cells and lipoproteins contributes to cholesterol metabolism in blood." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 12 (September 9, 2020): 1577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra120000635.
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Lipoproteins play a key role in transport of cholesterol to and from tissues. Recent studies have also demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs), which carry large quantities of free cholesterol in their membrane, play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. However, the exact role of RBCs in systemic cholesterol metabolism is poorly understood. RBCs were incubated with autologous plasma or isolated lipoproteins resulting in a significant net amount of cholesterol moved from RBCs to HDL, while cholesterol from LDL moved in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the bi-directional cholesterol transport between RBCs and plasma lipoproteins was saturable and temperature-, energy-, and time-dependent, consistent with an active process. We did not find LDLR, ABCG1, or scavenger receptor class B type 1 in RBCs but found a substantial amount of ABCA1 mRNA and protein. However, specific cholesterol efflux from RBCs to isolated apoA-I was negligible, and ABCA1 silencing with siRNA or inhibition with vanadate and Probucol did not inhibit the efflux to apoA-I, HDL, or plasma. Cholesterol efflux from and cholesterol uptake by RBCs from Abca1+/+ and Abca1−/− mice were similar, arguing against the role of ABCA1 in cholesterol flux between RBCs and lipoproteins. Bioinformatics analysis identified ABCA7, ABCG5, lipoprotein lipase, and mitochondrial translocator protein as possible candidates that may mediate the cholesterol flux. Together, these results suggest that RBCs actively participate in cholesterol transport in the blood, but the role of cholesterol transporters in RBCs remains uncertain.
3
Imamura, Hiroyuki, Keiko Mizuuchi, and Reika Oshikata. "Physical Activity and Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins in Dialysis Patients." International Journal of Nephrology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/106914.
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The relationship between physical activity and blood lipids and lipoproteins in dialysis patients is reviewed in the context of the potentially confounding factors such as nutritional intake, cigarette smoking, obesity, alcohol intake, and physical activity levels in the general population and additional confounding factors such as mode of dialysis and diabetes in dialysis patients. The known associations in the general population of physical activity with high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions and apolipoprotein A-I are more pronounced in hemodialysis patients than in peritoneal dialysis patients even after adjusting for these confounding factors. Examining studies on the effects of physical activity on blood lipids and lipoproteins, the most consistent observation is the noted decrease in triglycerides and increase in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity in hemodialysis patients. The changes in lipids and lipoproteins in hemodialysis patients could be caused by changes in activity levels of lipoprotein lipase, insulin sensitivity, and/or glucose metabolism. Future research investigating the relationship between physical activity and blood lipids and lipoproteins in dialysis patients should direct research towards the underlying mechanisms for changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins.
4
Havel, R. J. "Lipid transport function of lipoproteins in blood plasma." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): E1—E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.1.e1.
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Fatty acid and cholesterol transport in plasma lipoproteins evolved in the context of an open circulatory system in which lipoprotein particles are secreted directly into the blood and have ready access to cells in various tissues. In higher vertebrates with closed capillary beds, hydrolysis of triglycerides at capillary surfaces is required for efficient uptake of their component fatty acids into cells. Likewise, hydrolysis of cellular triglycerides in cells of adipose tissue precedes mobilization of the fatty acids and permits large amounts to be transported in the blood. However, in all Metazoa lipoproteins are secreted primarily from cells adjacent to an open microvascular bed. Uptake of lipoprotein particles as such into cells occurs in invertebrates and vertebrates alike, facilitated by binding to high-affinity receptors on cell surfaces. In vertebrates, a concentration gradient created between cholesterol in cells and lipoproteins by a cholesterol-esterifying enzyme that acts on lipoproteins promotes movement of cholesterol into the plasma compartment. Thus the strategies to transport poorly soluble lipids include enzymatic reactions at cell surfaces and in blood plasma as well as the processes of exocytosis and endocytosis.
5
Ilves, Liis, Aigar Ottas, Liisi Raam, Mihkel Zilmer, Tanel Traks, Viljar Jaks, and Külli Kingo. "Changes in Lipoprotein Particles in the Blood Serum of Patients with Lichen Planus." Metabolites 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010091.
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Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that belongs to the group of papulosquamous skin diseases among diseases like psoriasis, a widely studied disease in dermatology. The aim of the study was to identify the changes between the blood sera of lichen planus patients and healthy controls to widen the knowledge about the metabolomic aspect of lichen planus and gain a better understanding about the pathophysiology of the disease. We used high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure the levels of blood serum metabolites, lipoproteins and lipoprotein particles. Dyslipidemia has relatively recently been shown to be one of the comorbidities of lichen planus, but the changes in the components of lipoproteins have not been described yet. We found statistically significant changes in the concentrations of 16 markers regarding lipoproteins, which included the components of intermediate-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and large low-density lipoproteins. We propose that the detected changes may increase the risk for specific comorbidities (e.g., dyslipidemia) and resulting cardiovascular diseases, as the turnover and hepatic uptake of the altered/modified lipoprotein particles are disturbed.
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Stellaard, Frans. "From Dietary Cholesterol to Blood Cholesterol, Physiological Lipid Fluxes, and Cholesterol Homeostasis." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081643.
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Dietary cholesterol (C) is a major contributor to the endogenous C pool, and it affects the serum concentration of total C, particularly the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A high serum concentration of LDL-C is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This concentration is dependent on hepatic C metabolism creating a balance between C input (absorption and synthesis) and C elimination (conversion to bile acids and fecal excretion). The daily C absorption rate is determined by dietary C intake, biliary C secretion, direct trans-intestinal C excretion (TICE), and the fractional C absorption rate. Hepatic C metabolism coordinates C fluxes entering the liver via chylomicron remnants (CMR), LDL, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), hepatic C synthesis, and those leaving the liver via very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), biliary secretion, and bile acid synthesis. The knowns and the unknowns of this C homeostasis are discussed.
7
Kersten, Sander. "Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors and Lipoprotein Metabolism." PPAR Research 2008 (2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/132960.
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Plasma lipoproteins are responsible for carrying triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and ensuring their delivery to target organs. Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism takes place at numerous levels including via changes in gene transcription. An important group of transcription factors that mediates the effect of dietary fatty acids and certain drugs on plasma lipoproteins are the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). Three PPAR isotypes can be distinguished, all of which have a major role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism. PPARαis the molecular target for the fibrate class of drugs. Activation of PPARαin mice and humans markedly reduces hepatic triglyceride production and promotes plasma triglyceride clearance, leading to a clinically significant reduction in plasma triglyceride levels. In addition, plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels are increased upon PPARαactivation in humans. PPARγis the molecular target for the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. Activation of PPARγin mice and human is generally associated with a modest increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in plasma triglycerides. The latter effect is caused by an increase in lipoprotein lipase-dependent plasma triglyceride clearance. Analogous to PPARα, activation of PPARβ/δleads to increased plasma HDL-cholesterol and decreased plasma triglyceride levels. In this paper, a fresh perspective on the relation between PPARs and lipoprotein metabolism is presented. The emphasis is on the physiological role of PPARs and the mechanisms underlying the effect of synthetic PPAR agonists on plasma lipoprotein levels.
8
Muscella, Antonella, Erika Stefàno, and Santo Marsigliante. "The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 319, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): H76—H88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2019.
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Blood lipoproteins are formed by various amounts of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (Apos). ApoA1 is the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), accounting for ~70% of HDL protein, and mediates many of the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Conversely, ApoB is the predominant low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Apo and is an indicator of circulating LDL, associated with higher coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Thus, the ratio of ApoB to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) is used as a surrogate marker of the risk of CHD related to lipoproteins. Elevated or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood are a significant CHD risk factor, and several studies support the idea that aerobic exercise decreases CHD risk by partially lowering serum TG and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increasing HDL-C levels. Exercise also exerts an effect on HDL-C maturation and composition and on reverse C transport from peripheral cells to the liver to favor its catabolism and excretion. This process prevents atherosclerosis, and several studies showed that exercise training increases heart lipid metabolism and protects against cardiovascular disease. In these and other ways, it more and more appears that regular exercise, nutrition, and strategies to modulate lipid profile should be viewed as an integrated whole. The purpose of this review is to assess the effects of endurance training on the nontraditional lipid biomarkers, including ApoB, ApoA1, and ApoB/ApoA1, in CHD risk.
9
Belozerov, Evgeniy Stepanovich, Nelli Alekseevna Shchukina, Aleksandr Leonidovich Smetanin, Anton Igorevich Andriyanov, Oksana Gennadievna Korosteleva, and Elena Sergeevna Martynova. "LIPID METABOLISM IN YOUNG MILITARY MEN." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2022-4-120-127.
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The purpose of the paper is to assess the influence of the nutritional factor on lipid metabolism in young military men.
Materials and methods. The objects of the study were young conscripted men aged 19.3±1.2, who feed on combined arms ration (n=71). Lipid metabolism indicators (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoproteins and atherogenic index) were assessed in military men. For this purpose, chromatography-mass spectrometry (Beckman Coulter AU480 automatic biochemical analyzer) was used. The study was conducted in the consultative and diagnostic polyclinic of the medical and diagnostic center, Military Medical Academy. The assessment of the studied indicators was made 60 days apart in the autumn-winter period. Nonparametric methods were used for statistical processing of experimental data. Risk analysis of the potential influence of the nutritional factor on lipid metabolism was carried out.
Results. Differences in the lipoprotein content in the servicemen blood serum at the beginning and end of trial were random. Levels of cholesterol levels and low density lipoproteins, as well as atherogenic index decreased significantly.
Conclusion. During the study, no statistically significant negative changes in lipid metabolism were found.
Risk assessment of potential violation of the nutritional status in young military men indicates a favorable effect of nutrition on their lipid metabolism.
10
Garmish, O. "The nature of metabolic disorders of blood lipoproteins as the basis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with inflammatory joint diseases." Bukovinian Medical Herald 24, no. 4 (96) (November 26, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxiv.4.96.2020.97.
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Objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of the metabolic disorders of lipids and lipoproteins (LP) in the blood in 112 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.Material and methods. In all patients, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), the content of malonic aldehyde (MA) in circulating monocytes, in blood plasma, and catalase activity were determined. The presence and severity of pro-atherogenic status were evaluated by the content of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the blood, which was determined by the bioassay method using peritoneal mouse macrophages. The immunogenicity of modified LР was determined by the content in the circulating immune complexes (CIC) of cholesterol (Сhol) and triglycerides (TG). The spectrum of lipids and LP in the blood was evaluated in detail with an additional determination of the plasma level of proteins apoB and apoA-1 were determined.Results. The obtained results show the existence in the examined patients of significant systemic inflammation in conjunction with the distinct proatherogenic metabolic state that was revealed by lipoprotein modification with the appearance in them of auto-antigenic properties. These changes appeared despite the absence of significant traditional atherogenic risk factors. The results of the paired correlative analysis showed the existence of strong dependence between indexes of systemic inflammation, proatherogenic and immunogenic lipoprotein modification. Conclusions. When determining proatherogenic disorders of lipid and blood lipoproteins metabolism in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, it is necessary to focus not on traditional risk factors, which may remain within normal values, but on the content of apoA-1, apoB proteins, their ratio, and the determination of modified lipoproteins blood and the severity of the autoimmune reaction to them.
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Greene, Nicholas P., James D. Fluckey, Brad S. Lambert, Elizabeth S. Greene, Steven E. Riechman, and Stephen F. Crouse. "Regulators of blood lipids and lipoproteins? PPARδ and AMPK, induced by exercise, are correlated with lipids and lipoproteins in overweight/obese men and women." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303, no. 10 (November 15, 2012): E1212—E1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2012.
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PPARδ is a transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, which may regulate blood cholesterols through transcription of oxidative and lipoprotein metabolism genes. To determine the association of skeletal muscle PPARδ content with blood lipids and lipoproteins before and following exercise, overweight and obese men ( n = 9) and women ( n = 7) were recruited; age, BMI, body fat percentage, and V̇o2max were (means ± SE) 45 ± 2.5 yr, 31.9 ± 1.4 kg/m−2, 41.1 ± 1.5%, and 26.0 ± 1.3 mLO2·kg−1·min−1, respectively. Subjects performed 12 wk of endurance exercise training (3 sessions/wk, progressing to 500 kcal/session). To assess the acute exercise response, subjects performed a single exercise session on a treadmill (70% V̇o2max, 400 kcal energy expenditure) before and after training. Muscle and blood samples were obtained prior to any exercise and 24 h after each acute exercise session. Muscle was analyzed for protein content of PPARδ, PPARα, PGC-1α, AMPKα, and the oxidative and lipoprotein markers FAT/CD36, CPT I, COX-IV, LPL, F1 ATPase, ABCAI, and LDL receptor. Blood was assessed for lipids and lipoproteins. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no influence of sex on measured outcomes. PPARδ, PGC-1α, FAT/CD36, and LPL content were enhanced following acute exercise, whereas PPARα, AMPKα, CPT I, and COX-IV content were enhanced only after exercise training. PPARδ content negatively correlated with total and LDL cholesterol concentrations primarily in the untrained condition ( r ≤ −0.4946, P < 0.05), whereas AMPKα was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol concentrations regardless of exercise ( r ≥ 0.5543, P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate exercise-induced expression of skeletal muscle PPARs and their target proteins, and this expression is associated with improved blood lipids and lipoproteins in obese adults.
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Mesa, Francisco, Antonio Magán-Fernández, Dragana Nikolic, Rafael Marfil-Alvarez, Luigi Nibali, and Manfredi Rizzo. "Periodontitis, blood lipids and lipoproteins." Clinical Lipidology 9, no. 2 (April 2014): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/clp.14.8.
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Algaba-Chueca, Francisco, Elsa Maymó-Masip, Mónica Ballesteros, Albert Guarque, Alejandro Majali-Martínez, Olga Freixes, Núria Amigó, Sonia Fernández-Veledo, Joan Vendrell, and Ana Megía. "Cord Blood Advanced Lipoprotein Testing Reveals an Interaction between Gestational Diabetes and Birth-Weight and Suggests a New Early Biomarker of Infant Obesity." Biomedicines 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051033.
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Abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is observed in neonates with abnormal fetal growth. However, the underlying specific changes in the lipoprotein profile remain poorly understood. Thus, in the present study we used a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based approach to profile the umbilical cord serum lipoproteins. Two-dimensional diffusion-ordered 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed that size, lipid content, number and concentration of particles within their subclasses were similar between offspring born to control (n = 74) and GDM (n = 62) mothers. Subsequent data stratification according to newborn birth-weight categories, i.e., small (n = 39), appropriate (n = 50) or large (n = 49) for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA, respectively), showed an interaction between GDM and birth-weight categories for intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)-cholesterol content and IDL- and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-triglyceride content, and the number of medium very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and LDL particles specifically in AGA neonates. Moreover, in a 2-year follow-up study, we observed that small LDL particles were independently associated with offspring obesity at 2 years (n = 103). Collectively, our data demonstrate that GDM disturbs triglyceride and cholesterol lipoprotein content across birth-weight categories, with AGA neonates born to GDM mothers displaying a profile more similar to that of adults with dyslipidemia. Furthermore, an altered fetal lipoprotein pattern was associated with the development of obesity at 2 years.
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Correa, Cleiton Silva, Bruno Costa Teixeira, Aline Bittencourt, and Álvaro Reischak-Oliveira. "Effects of strength training on blood lipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 13, no. 4 (December 2014): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.0083.
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Strength training is often identified as a contributing factor in prevention of diseases and as a non-pharmacological treatment for metabolic disorders and for control of body mass. Its protective effects and utility for management of disease are amplified in people at risk of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently the benefits of strength training have been used to reduce the risk of these diseases emerging in postmenopausal women, who are at greater risk of CVD than men of the same age. Notwithstanding, little is known about the effects of strength training on metabolism of blood lipoproteins. The objective of this review was to compare the results of articles that have investigated the effects on lipoprotein concentrations of strength training in postmenopausal women. Current articles dealing with the subject, with publication dates from 1979 to 2012 and large numbers of citations by well-known researchers were identified on the Pubmed, Scopus and EBSCO databases. It was concluded that strength training possibly has an action that affects lipoprotein metabolism and concentrations in postmenopausal women.
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Ametov, A. S., N. V. Perova, N. L. Vinnitskaya, and V. Z. Topchiashvili. "Atherogenicity of blood plasma lipid spectrum during sugar-reducing therapy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Problems of Endocrinology 41, no. 3 (June 15, 1995): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11384.
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Blood plasma lipoprotein spectrum and phospholipid spectrum of high density lipoproteins (HDLP) was studied in patients with newly detected noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in patients with "secondary failure" of sulfanilamide drugs. Hyperlipidemia, mainly at the expense of increased concentration of triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, was detected in the patients. HDLP phospholipid composition was disturbed, with sphyngomyelin level increased and lecithin content decreased. Glurenorm therapy led to reduction of the atherogenicity of blood plasma lipid spectrum despite the persistent basal and postload hyperinsulinemia, thus indirectly indicating an improved function of endogenous insulin. Antiatherogenic effect of glurenorm is evidently mediated by reduction of insulin resistance due to extrapancreatic effect of the drug. Intensive insulin therapy of patients with secondary failure led to a marked reduction of atherogenic components of lipid spectrum. The hypolipidemic effect of insulin therapy seems to be due to recovery of the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis against the background of improved sensitivity to insulin and reduced insulin resistance. A positive effect of insulin therapy on lipid metabolism should not be regarded as an evidence in favor of theoretical assumptions and apprehensions about increased risk of atherogenesis as a result of exogenous hyperinsulinemia.
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Volkova, A. R., O. D. Dygun, O. V. Galkina, L. A. Belyakova, and E. O. Bogdanova. "The role of subclinical hypothyroidism in lipid metabolism disorders." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25936.
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Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in general practice. The clinical significance of latent thyroid dysfunction has not yet been determined. The parameters of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were studied in patients suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism between the ages of 18 and 50 years. They had a level of thyroid stimulating hormone ≥4 mIU/l, the level of free thyroxine was normal. The control group consisted of healthy individuals with thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 0,4-2,4 mIU/l. Thyroid status, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, lipid profile, malondialdehyde-modified low-density oxidized lipoproteins, antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins, homocysteine were determined for all individuals. With the repeated determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in 16,8% patients spontaneous recovery of thyroid-stimulating blood hormone level was observed, which was associated with lower values of thyroid-stimulating hormone and the absence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In the group of patients with thyroid stimulating hormone levels ≥7 mIU/l, the total cholesterol level was significantly (p=0,02) higher than in the control group. In patients with elevated values of malondialdehyde-modified oxidized low-density lipoprotein, thyroid stimulating hormone level of ≥7 mIU/l was more frequently detected. A negative correlation was found between the level of IgG antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins and the concentration of free thyroxin. In the control group, the correlation was found between the concentration of IgG antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins and the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. In the group of subclinical hypothyroidism, the concentration of homocysteine was significantly (p=0,01) higher in men. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, more often hyperhomocysteinemia was detected compared with the control group. The results suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with initial changes in the metabolism of lipids and homocysteine.
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Osipenko, Alexander N. "Fatty Acid Metabolism Disorder as a Factor in Atherogenesis." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0028.
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Abstract Background and aims: The study aims to analyze of fatty acid (FA) composition of arteries and blood plasma in atherosclerosis. Material and method: The blood plasma in patients with coronary atherosclerosis was studied, the blood from healthy volunteers was used as control. There were also analyzed arteries of patients with severe atherosclerotic lesions and arteries of people with significantly less atherosclerotic changes. Results: The received data indicates that there is a rather active penetration of FA from blood plasma lipoproteins into intima of arteries. Penetration of FA from blood lipoproteins into the depth of atherosclerotic aorta and an atherosclerotic plaque appears to be small and does not effect on their fatty acid composition, which is similar to that of free FA of blood plasma. The evidence of the increased activity of desaturases and fatty acid synthases in atherosclerotic and intact arteries in patients with severe atherosclerotic vascular lesions was obtained. This increase in activity may be related by relatively low content of polyunsaturated linoleic acid in blood plasma in atherosclerosis. Conclusions: The increased activity of desaturases and fatty acid synthases as well as arterial wall hypoxia must promote accumulation of lipids in vascular wall by increasing the synthesis and inhibition of FA oxidation including free FA coming from blood.
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Poteryaeva, O. N., and I. F. Usynin. "Antidiabetic role of high density lipoproteins." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 64, no. 6 (2018): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20186406463.
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Disturbance in lipid metabolism can be both a cause and a consequence of the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the most informative indicator of lipid metabolism is the ratio of atherogenic and antiatherogenic fractions of lipoproteins and their protein components. The review summarizes literature data and own results indicating the important role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and their main protein component, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM. On the one hand, HDL are involved in the regulation of insulin secretion by b-cells and insulin-independent absorption of glucose. On the other hand, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia lead to a decrease in HDL levels and cause modification of their protein component. In addition, HDL, possessing anti-inflammatory and mitogenic properties, provide anti-diabetic protection through systemic mechanisms. Thus, maintaining a high concentration of HDL and apoA-I in blood plasma and preventing their modification are important issues in the context of prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Maboundou, Jean-Claude, Mohamed Fofana, Jacqueline Fresnel, Jean Bocquet, and Dominique Le Goff. "Effect of lipoproteins on cholesterol synthesis in rat Sertoli cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 73, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1995): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o95-008.
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Lipoprotein metabolism has been investigated in cultured rat Sertoli cells. Cells incubated with low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) or high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) showed a concentration-dependent decrease of sterol synthesis, indicating a net cholesterol delivery to the Sertoli cells. At 50 μg/mL, lipoproteins inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol by 83% for the LDL and 47% for the HDL. Electron microscopic examinations of the Sertoli cells provide evidence of the internalization of gold-labelled HDL into coated pits and coated vesicles. Competitive studies between human LDL and rat HDL indicate that Sertoli cells take up cholesterol from LDL and HDL containing apolipoprotein (apo) E by common pathways. These results suggest that Sertoli cells possess apo B and E receptors for the uptake and degradation of LDL and HDL, although the basement membrane excludes the passage of LDL from blood capillaries to the Sertoli cells. At 50 μg/mL, apo-E-depleted HDL inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into free cholesterol by 34%. Thus, this study shows that Sertoli cells are capable of taking up apo-E-depleted HDL cholesterol for cell metabolism.Key words: high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, rat Sertoli cell.
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Mashnafi, Sultan, Sabine Baumgartner, Ronald P. Mensink, Desiree Perlee, Lonneke A. van Vught, Dieter Lütjohann, and Jogchum Plat. "A Transient Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Lowers Markers of Endogenous Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Normocholesterolemic Young Men." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010126.
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Inflammation is associated with changes in plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). It is unknown if the changes in lipids and lipoproteins during inflammation are related to changes in cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and bile acid synthesis. We, therefore, examined the effects of acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transient systemic inflammation on lipids, lipoproteins, CEC, and markers of cholesterol metabolism. We also evaluated whether markers for cholesterol metabolism at baseline predict the intensity of the inflammatory response. Eight healthy young subjects received LPS infusion, and blood was sampled for the following 24 h. In addition to lipids, lipoproteins, and CEC, we also measured markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and inflammation. Compared with baseline, plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CEC decreased, while triglycerides increased in the 24 h following LPS infusion. TC-standardized levels of cholesterol synthesis markers (lathosterol, lanosterol, and desmosterol) and a bile acid synthesis marker (7α-OH-cholesterol) also decreased, with no changes in cholesterol absorption markers (campesterol, sitosterol, and cholestanol). Baseline TC-standardized levels of desmosterol and 7α-OH-cholesterol were positively correlated with concentrations of various inflammatory markers. Changes in TC-standardized desmosterol and 7α-OH-cholesterol were negatively correlated with concentrations of inflammatory markers. LPS infusion reduced endogenous cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis in healthy young men.
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Osipenko, A. N. "Influence of Disorders of Fatty Acid Metabolism, Arterial Wall Hypoxia, and Intraplaque Hemorrhages on Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Vessels." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.8.
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The review describes a number of competing views on the main causes of cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels. On the one hand, unregulated cholesterol influx into arterial intima is primarily related to the increasing proportion of atherogenic lipoproteins in the lipoprotein spectrum of blood. On the other hand, the leading role in this process is assigned to the increased permeability of endothelium for atherogenic lipoproteins. The increased ability of arterial intima connective tissue to bind atherogenic blood lipoproteins is also considered to be the leading cause of cholesterol accumulation in the vascular wall. The key role in cholesterol accumulation is also assigned to unregulated (by a negative feedback mechanism) absorption of atherogenic lipoproteins by foam cells. It is suggested that the main cause of abundant cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels is significant inflow of this lipid into the vascular wall during vasa vasorum hemorrhages.The article also provides arguments, according to which disorder of fatty acid metabolism in arterial wall cells can initiate accumulation of neutral lipids in them, contribute to the inflammation and negatively affect the mechanical conditions around the vasa vasorum in the arterial walls. As a result, the impact of pulse waves on the luminal surface of the arteries will lead to frequent hemorrhages of these microvessels. At the same time, adaptive-muscular intima hyperplasia, which develops in arterial channel areas subjected to high hemodynamic loads, causes local hypoxia in a vascular wall. As a result, arterial wall cells undergo even more severe lipid transformation. Hypoxia also stimulates vascularization of the arterial wall, which contributes to hemorrhages in it. With hemorrhages, free erythrocyte cholesterol penetrates into the forming atherosclerotic plaque, a part of this cholesterol forms cholesterol esters inside the arterial cells. The saturation of erythrocyte membranes with this lipid in conditions of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia contributes to the process of cholesterol accumulation in arteries.
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Tikhonov, V. P., E. U. Umurzakov, M. E. Statsenko, and F. A. Nemchuk. "Treatment of hypertension depending on the effect of beta-adrenoblockers on blood serum lipids and lipoproteins." Kazan medical journal 70, no. 1 (February 15, 1989): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj99766.
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Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers are widely used in the treatment of hypertension. However, in recent years, there have been reports of their adverse effects on lipid metabolism - an increase in triglycerides, to a lesser extent in cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, a decrease in high-density lipoproteins. At the same time, a number of authors did not note such results. Discrepancy in the data is primarily due to the heterogeneity of hypertensive patients, although analysis of the literature suggests that in some hypertensive patients the level of lipids and atherogenic lipoproteins may increase with prolonged treatment with propranolol.
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Bansal, Narinder, J. Kennedy Cruickshank, Patrick McElduff, and Paul N. Durrington. "Cord blood lipoproteins and prenatal influences." Current Opinion in Lipidology 16, no. 4 (August 2005): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mol.0000174154.61307.16.
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Kochan, Zdzislaw, Natalia Szupryczynska, Sylwia Malgorzewicz, and Joanna Karbowska. "Dietary Lipids and Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093138.
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The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to altered lipid metabolism. CKD patients exhibit high blood triglyceride (TG) levels, reduced concentrations and functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and elevated levels of atherogenic small, dense, low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL). Disorders of lipid metabolism and other metabolic disturbances place CKD patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extensive evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of unsaturated fatty acids, including their beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and TG levels. Dietary lipids might therefore be especially important in the nutritional management of CKD. We review current dietary recommendations for fat intake by CKD patients and suggest potential nutritional interventions by emphasizing dietary lipids that might improve the blood lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular risk in CKD.
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Золоедов, V. Zoloedov, Агарков, A. Agarkov, Попов, S. Popov, Пашков, A. Pashkov, Шульгин, and K. Shulgin. "The epifamin effect on values of immune status, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis developing at type 2 diabetes mellitus." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5038.
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The study is devoted to the Epifamin effect on values of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immune status in blood, and also content of 6-sulfatohymelatonin as the main metabolite of melatonin, in urine of the patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis developing at type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is shown that fasting glucose, postprandial glucose level and glycated hemoglobin content in the blood of patients decreased significantly during combined treatment with the Epifamin compared to the basic therapy. The results of the Epifamin reception are as follows: more expressed normalization of lipid metabolism, and content of β -lipoproteins, cholesterol, lipoproteins of low density and high density lipoprotein, and atherogenic index in comparison with the results obtained after basic treatment. The obtained results testify to positive Epifamin effect on values of the immune status of patients: level of circulating immune complexes, the main classes of immunoglobulins – IgA, IgM, IgG. It was established that in the patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis developing at type 2 diabetes mellitus, 6-sulfatohymelatonin level in urine was lowered on the average by 1,2 times in comparison with control. After basic treatment the reliable changes of the 6-sulfatohymelatonin content in the patients didn’t reveal. After the combined therapy with the Epifamin, the 6-sulfatohymelatonin content in the patients increased on the average for 13.9%. The obtained results allow to conclude about correction the Epifamin effect on melatonin content as a hormone, which able to participate in regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and to have immune modulating action. The Epifamin use in basic treatment had favorable influence on the immune status, values of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in blood in the patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis developing at type 2 diabetes mellitus that was apparently due to melatonin-corrective effect of this drug.
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Arfuso, Francesca, Claudia Giannetto, Maria Francesca Panzera, Francesco Fazio, and Giuseppe Piccione. "Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) in the Adult Horse: Correlations with Body Weight, Rectal Temperature and Lipid Profile." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061836.
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This study aimed to evaluate the possible relationship among UCP1, body weight, rectal temperature and lipid profile in the horse. Thirty clinically healthy Italian Saddle geldings (6–10 years old) were enrolled after the informed owners’ consent. All horses were blood sampled and their body weight and rectal temperatures were recorded. On the sera obtained after blood centrifugation the concentration of UCP1, total lipids, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low density lipoprotein fraction (VLDLs) was evaluated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to assess the possible relationship between serum UCP1 concentration and the values of body weight, rectal temperature and lipid parameters. Serum UCP1 concentration showed no correlation with body weight, rectal temperature, HDLs and LDLs values, whereas it correlated negatively with serum total lipids, phospholipids, NEFAs, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDLs values (p < 0.0001). The findings suggest that in the adult horse the role of UCP1 is linked to the lipid metabolism rather than to thermoregulation.
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Gorshunskaya., M. Yu. "Paraoxonase activity and lipid peroxidation in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without coronary heart disease." Problems of Endocrinology 49, no. 1 (February 15, 2003): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11394.
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The rate of lipid peroxidation and the parameters of antioxida- tive defense, including the activity of paraoxonase that is essential for the prevention of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, was studied in 229female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without coronary heart disease (CHD) under varying glycemic control. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms were explored by unified biochemical studies, blood insulin levels were measured by radioimmunological assay. The activity of paraoxonase associated with high-density lipoproteins of ester hydrolase was spectrophotometrically determined by using paraoxan as a substrate. Along with dyslipoproteinemia and insulin resistance, there was a drastically reduced paraoxonase activity that was associated with the high-density lipoproteins of the antioxidant enzyme and more pronounced in diabetics with CHD. A highly significant inverse correlation of the activity of the enzyme with the rate of lipid peroxidation and a less close relationship to basal glycemia have been verified, which substantiates the polygenic nature of decreased paraoxonase activity in diabetes mellitus.
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Borysivna, Bondarenko Larysa, Shayakhmetova Ganna Mykhailivna, Karatsuba Tetiana Anatoliivna, Voronina Alla Kostiantynivna, Matvienko Anatoliy Vasyliyovich, and Kovalenko Valentyna Mykolaivna. "Age Dependent Effects of Metformin in Wistar Albino Male Rats with Metabolic Syndrome." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0005.
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Abstract Background and aims: Comparative estimation of metformin treatment effectiveness in adult and young rats with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods: A metabolic syndrome model was induced by full replacement of drinking water with 20% fructose solution in Wistar albino male rats of two age categories (young animals of 21 days age (50-70g) and adults (160-180g)). After 60 days of MS modelling and metformin treatment, hematological, biochemical, blood pressure, chromatin DNA fragmentation investigations, as well as morphological macroscopic and microscopic studies were carried out. Results: In young rats, effects of metformin on blood clotting time, lipid metabolism and DNA fragmentation were more pronounced. Mature rats showed greater susceptibility to this drug as for influence on pancreas and visceral fat relative weights. Conclusions: In our experiment with young and adult rats with MS and metformin treatment we showed that this preparation effect was age-dependent for lipid metabolism indices, blood clotting time, nuclear DNA fragmentation parameters, as well as for changes of relative organs weights and target organs morphological structure. Metformin treatment allowed a partial normalization of serum levels of lowdensity lipoproteins (LDLP) and ratio high lowdensity lipoproteins / lowdensity lipoproteins (HDLP/LDLP), hemoglobin contents, hematocrit percentage, DNA fragmentation rates, with simultaneous worsening in blood clotting time, blood pressure levels, liver and pancreas relative organs weights (of young rats).
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Medovchshikov, V. V., N. B. Yeshniyazov, E. R. Khasanova, M. V. Vatsik, Y. S. Tukhsanboev, L. A. Babaeva, and Zh D. Kobalava. "Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases:prevalence and conformity of baseline blood pressure, lipids and HbA 1c to target levels." Clinical pharmacology and therapy 29, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32756/0869-5490-2020-4-31-35.
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To estimate the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the conformity of baseline blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and HbA 1c to the target levels in patients with established cardiovascular diseases.
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Schijf, Charles PT, Marius J. van der Mooren, Wim H. Doesburg, Chris MG Thomas, and Rune Rolland. "Differences in serum lipids, lipoproteins, sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone between the follicular and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle." Acta Endocrinologica 129, no. 2 (August 1993): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1290130.
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Fifty-four healthy women were studied during the follicular and the luteal phase of one menstrual cycle to determine possible cyclic influences on several parameters. After a 12-h overnight fast, blood samples were obtained between 08.00 h and 09.30 h and processed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B and total triglycerides. In the same samples we also measured serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the related apolipoprotein B were decreased significantly with 0.35 mmol/l, 0.44 mmol/l and 15 mg/l, respectively, during the luteal phase as compared to the follicular phase (p≤0.01). The ratios of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly lower (p <0.01) in the luteal phase because high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and its major carrier apolipoprotein A-I as well as serum triglycerides remained unchanged in the two cycle phases compared. Sex hormone binding globulin was significantly higher (p <0.001) in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase of the investigated cycles, whereas serum testosterone remained unchanged in the two cycle phases compared. Therefore, the free androgen index decreased in the luteal phase (p<0.01). These results indicate the necessity to define the cycle phase in which blood has been collected during control cycles in studies concentrating on possible effects of oral contraceptives or other administered sex steroids on serum lipids, lipoproteins and androgen metabolism. Further, we suggest that variations in the serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins during the normal menstrual cycle should be considered when normal range values are defined.
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Ko, Seong-Hee, and Hyun-Sook Kim. "Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010202.
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Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
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Markina, E. A., O. A. Zhuravleva, D. S. Kuzichkin, A. N. Agureev, A. A. Markin, Т. V. Zhuravleva, L. V. Vostrikova, I. V. Zabolotskaya, and V. I. Loguinov. "LIPID METABOLISM DYNAMICS IN TEST-SUBJECTS OF A 5-DAY DRY IMMERSION EXPERIMENT." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 55, no. 2 (2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2021-55-2-43-47.
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Blood samples from six 25–40 y.o. male subjects in a 5-d dry immersion (DI) experiment were analyzed for cholesterol, cholesterol of high- (HDLP), low- (LDLP) and very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoproteins А1 (аpoА1) and apolipoproteins В (аpоВ), non-esterified (free) fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxibutyrate and phospholipids. Atherogenic indices were calculated, as well as the ratios of cholesterol, аpоВ/аpоА1 and cholesterol/phospholipids. No significant changes in cholesterol or lipoprotein fractions were determined. Increases in the triglyceride level and apoB/apoA1 ratio as harbingers of incipient atherogenesis showed up on the final day in DI and disappeared two days later. The process of readaptation to normal conditions is accompanied by the development of a stress reaction characterized by increased use of lipid substrates (phospholipids, β-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA) for energy synthesis.
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Ven Murthy, M. R., P. Julien, P. Singh, and E. Levy. "Human lipoprotein lipase deficiency: does chronic dyslipidemia lead to increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage in blood cells?" Acta Biochimica Polonica 43, no. 1 (March 31, 1996): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1996_4580.
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Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of lipoproteins and their balanced distribution in the plasma. A deficiency of this enzyme due to gene mutations leads to severe dyslipidemia. In this report, we describe the major LPL gene mutations that are prevalent in the French-Canadian population of Québec and the nature of dyslipidemia caused by the resulting enzyme deficiency. We discuss the possibility that dyslipidemia caused by LPL deficiency may enhance oxidative stress in the blood cells, bring about increased fluidity of the membrane components of these cells and increase the susceptibility of their mitochondrial DNA to structural alterations. Some preliminary experimental results in verification of this hypothesis are presented.
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Buznytska, O. V. "Characteristics of lipid metabolism in adolescents with obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 1(121) (February 28, 2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2022.121.49.
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One of the most important issues of modern medical science is the metabolic syndrome, the origins of which begin in childhood and adolescence. Diagnostic criterias for metabolic syndrome for children are developed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2007). It is known that atherogenic dyslipidemia is one of the main and early criteria of the metabolic syndrome and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic process and associated cardiovascular diseases. Due to the insufficient amount of information about the nature of dyslipidemia in adolescents and the possibilities for its correction and prevention, the study of this problem is relevant. Purpose - to study the characteristics of lipid profile in adolescents with obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. We examined 200 obese patients aged 14-18 years, who were divided into two groups: with and without metabolic syndrome according to current recommendations. The control group consisted of 30 adolescents with normal body weight of a similar age. To achieve the goal, all adolescents underwent a comprehensive examination with a focus on the lipid profile of blood using standardized methods in accordance with the IFCC recommendations on a Cormay Multi semi-automatic photometer. The level of β-lipoproteins in blood serum was determined by the turbidimetric method of Burstein M. and Samaille F. Results. In adolescents with metabolic syndrome, signs of atherogenic dyslipidemia were found, manifested in the form of elevated levels of triglycerides, low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, β-lipoproteins, a tendency to decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reliable correlations were established in the lipid profile of the blood of the examined, and reliable relationships were determined between the indicators of atherogenic dyslipidemia and anthropometric measurements, which indicates an increased risk of lipid metabolic disturbances in individuals with abdominal obesity. Conclusions. The results will help to focus the attention of practitioners regarding atherogenic dyslipidemia in adolescents with obesity and signs of metabolic syndrome, as well as contribute to early therapeutic intervention and prevention of consequences. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author. Key words: adolescents, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia.
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Vasilenko, Vladimir S., Evgeniya S. Semenova, and Yuliya B. Semenova. "Blood lipids in athletes depending on the orientation of the training process." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8210-14.
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Sports form the metabolic response caused by the body’s adaptation to increased physical stress, which leads to the restructuring of metabolism for energy and plastic maintenance of sport activities. The restructuring of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is caused primarily by the increasing energy request body, depending on type and intensity of sports activity. In this research blood serum lipids were studied depending on the orientation of the training process. A total of 108 athletes (men and women) aged 15 to 20 years of different sports qualification (I sports category, Candidate Master of Sports and Master of Sports) were examined, and a control group of 28 persons of the same age and gender. Depending of the direction of the training process there were isolated 3 groups: cyclical sport that develops mainly endurance (academic rowing); sports of complex nature (football, volleyball, handball and Nordic combined); and complex coordinated sports (artistic gymnastics). Were studied: total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic coefficient and triglycerides. The study was conducted in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The research had shown that the level of blood lipids depends on the orientation of training process and sports training. The most marked reduction of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins has been observed both in men and women in cyclic kinds of sports, developing mainly stamina that indicates that intense exercise in athletes who train primarily for endurance, cause the connection of lipids to the processes of energy supply of muscle activity.
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Gupta, Ashish Kumar, Charu Bansal, Umesh Shukla, Trupti Jain, and Vijendra Singh Mandloi. "Role of Ashvattha Patra (Leaf of Ficus religiosa Linn.) in the Secondary Prevention of Dyslipidemia." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 8, no. 4 (October 10, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2021.8.4.03.
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Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a group of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, which includes over production or deficiency of lipoproteins or both. In developed countries, most of dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, which is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is very high in India, which calls for urgent lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent and manage this important cardiovascular risk factor. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Ashvattha Patra in dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: A total number of 41 patients were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups. Patients of Group A were treated with 100 ml of Ashvattha Patra Kwath (decoction) and Group B patients were provided 100 ml lukewarm water as placebo for 45 days. The outcome of clinical treatment was analyzed statistically using paired, unpaired t-test on GraphPad-Instat software Version 3.06. Results: Significant improvements were seen in total cholesterol, serum triglyceride level, and serum very low-density lipoprotein level not significant result recorded in serum low-density lipoproteins level. Conclusion: Decoction of leaves of Ficus religiosa was able to work on lipid and lipoprotein significantly.
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Chala, Inna V., Diana V. Feshchenko, Oksana A. Dubova, Tetiana I. Bakhur, Oksana A. Zghozinska, and Vasyl S. Rusak. "Changes in the lipid profile of neutered cats’ blood in cases of obesity and diabetes." Veterinarski arhiv 91, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1087.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the lipid profile, lipid fractions and the lipid peroxidation state in the blood of neutered cats with obesity and diabetes. Three groups of neutered cats (males and females) were formed for the study. We compared cats with obesity (7-9 points on a 9-point BCS scale), with obesity complicated by diabetes, and clinically healthy animals with normal body condition scores (4-5 BCS points). Lipidogram parameters, fractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), chylomicrons (CM), lipid peroxidation products (POL) - lipid hydroperoxides (GPL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analysed. In obese cats, a decrease in HDL and phospholipids was observed, and an increase in LDL, VLDL, CM, triglycerides, and cholesterol. No significant differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism between neutered females and males were found. A tendency towards increasing concentrations of lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in males, as well as an increase in phospholipids in females was found. In cats with obesity and associated diabetes, the ratio of phospholipids: cholesterol was less than one, while in healthy cats - more than one. Obesity and diabetes initiate POL and increased concentrations of GPL and MDA, which were the highest in the blood of females with associated pathology.
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Deguchi, Hiroshi, José Fernndez, and John Griffin. "Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein and blood coagulability." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 12 (2007): 1160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-07-0451.
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SummaryDyslipoproteinemia involving low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is linked to venous thrombosis in young male adults and to recurrence of venous thrombosis in patients who have experienced a previous unprovoked venous thrombosis episode. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) modulates HDL metabolism and some lipoproteins can affect blood coagulation reactions with either procoagulant or anticoagulant effects. Hence, we evaluated relationships between the mass of CETP and blood coagulability in plasma samples from 39 normal healthy adults. For clotting initiated by dilute tissue factor or factor XIa,clotting times significantly correlated with CETP antigen levels. Thus,coagulation initiated by either the extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway is positively correlated with CETP plasma levels. When added to plasma, a recombinant CETP preparation dose-dependently shortened factor Xa-1-stage clotting times, showing that it augmented procoagulant activity in plasma. In reaction mixtures containing purified factors Xa and Va and prothrombin, the recombinant CETP preparation dose-dependently increased prothrombin activation, suggesting it specifically enhances prothrombinase activity. Thus, our data highlight a previously unknown positive relationship between CETP plasma levels and blood coagulability that might relate to risks for thrombotic events.
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Gong, Yue, and Wei Cun. "The Role of ApoE in HCV Infection and Comorbidity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082037.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that can efficiently establish chronic infection in humans. The overlap between the HCV replication cycle and lipid metabolism is considered to be one of the primary means by which HCV efficiently develops chronic infections. In the blood, HCV is complex with lipoproteins to form heterogeneous lipo-viro-particles (LVPs). Furthermore, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which binds to receptors during lipoprotein transport and regulates lipid metabolism, is localized on the surface of LVPs. ApoE not only participate in the attachment and entry of HCV on the cell surface but also the assembly and release of HCV viral particles from cells. Moreover, in the blood, ApoE can also alter the infectivity of HCV and be used by HCV to escape recognition by the host immune system. In addition, because ApoE can also affect the antioxidant and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of the host organism, the long-term binding and utilization of host ApoE during chronic HCV infection not only leads to liver lipid metabolic disorders but may also lead to increased morbidity and mortality associated with systemic comorbidities.
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Trejo-Gutierrez, Jorge F., and Gerald Fletcher. "Impact of exercise on blood lipids and lipoproteins." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 1, no. 3 (July 2007): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2007.05.006.
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Ratkin, A. V., O. A. Kaidash, V. V. Ivanov, A. I. Vengerovsky, S. M. Adekenov, and V. S. Chuchalin. "EFFECTS OF GROSSHEMIN AND GROSSMISIN ON THE ACUTE HYPERLIPIDEMIA MODEL INDUCED BY ETHANOL." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2014-1-67-72.
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Objective: study sesquiterpene lactones grosshemin and grossmisin lipid-lowering properties on the model of acute hyperlipidemia induced by ethanol in rats.Materials and methods. Rats during 7 days injected into the stomach grosshemin and grossmisin in a dose 10 mg/kg or reference drug nicotinic acid in a dose 25 mg/kg. Hyperlipidemia caused by single introduction of ethanol into the stomach in a dose 5 g/kg. In blood serum of tail vein measured the triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, high density and low density lipoproteins cholesterol, also the level of free fatty acids. Calculated the ratio of high density lipoproteins cholesterol to the amount of low density lipoproteins cholesterol and the index of atherogenicity.Results. A single dose of ethanol increased serum level of triacylglycerols in 1.9 times, free fatty acids – in 3.2 times, low density lipoproteins – on 44% in comparison with the intact animals indices. It shows the development of acute hyperlipidemia. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol and the index of atherogenicity were not changed. Course sesquiterpene lactones grosshemin and grossmisin introduction against the background of acute hyperlipidemia was accompanied by a decrease in the serum of triacylglycerols levels respectively by 19.8% and 34.1%. Nicotinic acid lowered the content of triacylglycerols by 42.4%. Grosshemin and nicotinic acid reduced the increased level of free fatty acids in the blood serum by 60.7–67.9%. Grossmisin and nicotinic acid decreased by 14.6–17.2% of total cholesterol in the blood serum. In acute hyperlipidemia grosshemin and grossmisin reduced low density lipoproteins cholesterol by 17.6% and 20%, respectively, nicotinic acid – by 15.7%. Both of sesquiterpene lactone and nicotinic acid did not modify the content of high density lipoproteins cholesterol. When introduction grosshemin, grossmisin and nicotinic acid ratio of high density lipoproteins cholesterol to the amount of low density lipoproteins cholesterol significantly increased by 42.8%, 38,6% and 22.1% respectively.Conclusion. Sesquiterpene lactones grosshemin and grossmisin posses hypolipidemic effect in acute experimental hyperlipidemia caused by the ethanol introduction. Lactones normalize many indices of lipid metabolism, which can be caused by different biochemical targets of these molecules. Lactones, as nicotinic acid, in the model of acute hyperlipidemia decrease in blood serum triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low density lipoproteins cholesterol content. Grosshemin and nicotinic acid also reduce the free fatty acids level.
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Rozumenko, A. A., and L. M. Polyakov. "Lipid and endocrine status of participants of long ski crossings in the Аrctic." Атеросклероз 17, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52727/2078-256x-2021-17-38-43.
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The paper presents the lipid and endocrine status of athletes — members of the two Arctic long ski crossings. The aim of the study was to study the main indicators of lipid metabolism, cortisol and insulin content in athletes during long skiing in the Arctic.Material and methods. A survey of sportsmen-participants of two polar long ski crossings.Results. A significant decrease in the concentration of the total fraction of low and very low density lipoproteins in the blood serum was revealed in male athletes — participants of two long Arctic ski crossings. At the same time, a shift in the lipoprotein spectrum of blood towards an increase in the content of high density lipoproteins due to the second type of subfraction was revealed. The dynamics of the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood of participants in ski crossings in the Arctic was of a multidirectional nature, expressed in an increase in the level of free fatty acids compared to the initial level in the training trip and in a decrease in the level of free fatty acids at all stages of the trip to the North Pole of relative inaccessibility. During the training hike an increase in the level of cortisol in the blood was revealed, as well as an increase in the insulin content after the end of the hike. During the transition to the North Pole of relative inaccessibility a significant decrease in blood cortisol concentration compared with the preparatory period was revealed, as well as the absence of significant changes in insulin content at all stages of the transition.
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Hussain, Shabbir, Safdar Amir, and Naureen Naeem. "Nature and Effects of Cholesterol; Its Origin, Metabolism and Characterization." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2019.030465.
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Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is basically a fatty component present in blood, plasma and tissues. It belongs to the class of lipids namely steroids and is formed from squalene via lanosterol. It is present as a combination of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in almost all types of foodstuffs. There is the direct relation between the risk of cardiovascular sicknesses and the total cholesterol amount in human blood. The bad- and good-cholesterol are types of lipoproteins. Good-cholesterol basically eliminates cholesterol from bloodstream while bad-cholesterol releases cholesterol into the blood and various part of body. Cholesterol amount can be reduced by physical activity or by use of proper diet. Cholesterol can be characterized by the SIM-selected ion monitoring, HPLC, UHPLC, GLC, GC-MS, LC-MS.
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Cornish, Stephen M., Philip D. Chilibeck, Lisa Paus-Jennsen, H. Jay Biem, Talaei Khozani, Vijitha Senanayake, Hassanali Vatanparast, Jonathan P. Little, Susan J. Whiting, and Punam Pahwa. "A randomized controlled trial of the effects of flaxseed lignan complex on metabolic syndrome composite score and bone mineral in older adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 2 (April 2009): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-142.
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A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study design was used to assess the effects of flaxseed lignan complex supplementation during exercise training on a metabolic syndrome composite score and osteoporosis risk in older adults. A total of 100 subjects (≥50 years) were randomized to receive flaxseed lignan (543 mg·day–1 in a 4050 mg complex) or placebo while completing a 6 month walking program (30–60 min·day–1, 5–6 days·week–1). Fasting serum glucose, triacylglycerol (TAG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured every 2 months, while body composition, bone mineral density, and resting blood pressure were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. A composite Z score of 6 risk factors for metabolic syndrome (fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, TAG, abdominal adiposity, blood pressure, and inflammatory cytokines) was calculated at baseline and at 6 months. Men taking placebo increased metabolic syndrome composite Z score (p < 0.05), but there were no changes in the other groups. A significant group × sex × time interaction was noted for TAG (p = 0.017) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.046), with men taking flaxseed lignan decreasing diastolic blood pressure relative to men taking placebo, and men taking placebo increasing TAG relative to men taking flax lignan. There were no differences between groups for change in bone measures, body composition, lipoproteins, or cytokines. Males taking the flaxseed lignan complex reduced metabolic syndrome score relative to men taking placebo, but a similar trend was not seen in females. Flaxseed lignan had no effect on bone mineral density or content, body composition, lipoproteins, glucose, or inflammation.
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Kuznik, B. I., E. S. Guseva, S. O. Davydov, Yu N. Smolyakov, E. V. Roitman, and N. N. Tsybikov. "Blood cells and their effect on the lipid profile in women with essential hypertension." Russian Journal of Cardiology 25, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3349.
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Aim. To find out the relationship of particular blood cells (BC) and their ratios with lipid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension (EH), with (EH-1) and without kinesiotherapy (EH-2).Material and methods. The study included 30 healthy women (control group) and 72 women with EH, which were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (EH-1) — 37 women with stage II (target organ damage classification) hypertension who receive antihypertensive therapy; group 2 (EH-2) — 35 women who underwent antihypertensive therapy and kinesiotherapy (3-4 courses for 2-3 years).Results. Correlation analysis revealed that the studied relationships in healthy women, EH-1 and EH-2 women can be either direct or inverse. In healthy women, we observed negative association of monocytes (MON) with atherogenic index (AI), a positive association of basophils (BAS) with high density lipoproteins (HDL) and its negative association with low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and AI and red blood cells/platelets (RBC/PLT ratio) with HDL. Negative associations of lymphocytes (LYM)/BAS ratio with triglyceride (TG) and eosinophils (EOS)/BAS ratio with LDL were also detected. Patients with EH-1 had a direct relationship between LYM/EOS ratio and TG. In patients with EH-2, a negative relationship was found between PLT and HDL, MON and HDL, neutrophils (NEU)/MON ratio and TAG, and a positive — between white blood cells (WBC), NEU, MON and AI, LYM and TAG, MON and TAG, as well as AI.Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that all BC and their ratios in women with/without EH and with/without kinesiotherapy affect the lipid metabolism.
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Nash, David T. "Point: Lipoproteins are significant factors in Alzheimer's disease: Dementia is impacted by blood plasma lipoproteins." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2, no. 5 (October 2008): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2008.08.449.
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Dmitrieva, V. G., E. V. Savushkin, E. B. Zuikova, E. V. Nosova, D. Y. Litvinov, A. D. Dergunov, S. A. Limborska, and L. V. Dergunova. "Key Human Blood Cells Genes Involved in Atherogenesis and Metabolism of High Density Lipoproteins." Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology 33, no. 2 (April 2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0891416818020064.
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Nielsen, Lars B., and Søren K. Moestrup. "Lipids metabolism: lipids and lipoproteins – effect on blood clotting and risk of venous thrombosis." Current Opinion in Lipidology 17, no. 1 (February 2006): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mol.0000199811.23849.38.
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Wooten, Joshua S., Kyle D. Biggerstaff, and Vic Ben-Ezra. "A single 1-h session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise does not modify lipids and lipoproteins in normolipidemic obese women." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 5 (October 2011): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-090.
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The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in women who were sedentary and obese. Women (n = 12) who were premenopausal, sedentary, and obese (body mass index, 30–40 kg·m–2; waist circumference > 88 cm) completed exercise and control trials in a randomly assigned order. Exercise consisted of a single session of treadmill walking at 70% maximum oxygen uptake until 500 kcal were expended, and the control protocol consisted of 60 min of seated rest. Fasting blood samples were collected immediately prior to, 24 h, and 48 h following the exercise and control sessions and analyzed for triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, and HDL3-C concentrations, and mean LDL, HDL2, and HDL3particle size and cholesterol distributions. A 2 × 3 (trial × time) ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant (p > 0.05) changes in the lipid and lipoprotein variables 24 and 48 h following exercise. In contrast to previously published data in lean men and women, a single session of treadmill exercise at 70% maximum oxygen uptake that expended 500 kcal was insufficient to modify lipids and lipoproteins in women who were sedentary, normolipidemic, and obese.
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Slyper, Arnold, Anh Le, Jason Jurva, and David Gutterman. "The influence of lipoproteins on whole-blood viscosity at multiple shear rates." Metabolism 54, no. 6 (June 2005): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.018.
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