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Journal articles on the topic 'Blood Flow Analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 December 2024

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1

R, VINOTH. "TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF BLOOD FLOW IN FUSIFORM MODELS OF AORTIC ANEURYSMS." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 29, 2020): 1450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201114.

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2

Azam, M. A., and S. A. A. Salam. "Three Dimensional Analysis of the Blood Flow Regime within Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 6 (2011): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.295.

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3

Nakamura, M., K. Sakai, K. Tahara, and K. Kuwana. "SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF BLOOD FLOW IN AN OUTSIDE BLOOD FLOW MEMBRANE OXYGENATOR." ASAIO Journal 43, no. 2 (March 1997): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-199703000-00307.

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4

Prohovnik, I. "Analysis of regional blood flow data." Stroke 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.19.1.123.

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5

Guo, Z., L. G. Durand, L. Allard, G. Cloutier, H. C. Lee, and Y. E. Langlois. "Cardiac doppler blood-flow signal analysis." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 31, no. 3 (May 1993): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02458042.

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6

Guo, Z., L. G. Durand, L. Allard, G. Cloutier, H. C. Lee, and Y. E. Langlois. "Cardiac Doppler blood-flow signal analysis." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 31, no. 3 (May 1993): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02458043.

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7

IWASAKI, Kenichi. "Variability Analysis (Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Cerebral Blood Flow)." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 28, no. 7 (2008): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2199/jjsca.28.889.

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8

FUKUSHIMA, Takayoshi, and Teruo MATSUZAWA. "Application of flow visualization techniques to blood flow analysis." JOURNAL OF THE FLOW VISUALIZATION SOCIETY OF JAPAN 5, no. 17 (1985): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs1981.5.112.

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9

Pokharel, Chudamani, Pushpa Nidhi Gautam, Samundra Timilsina Tripathee, Chet Raj Bhatta, and Jeevan Kafle. "Analysis of flow parameters in blood flow through mild stenosis." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v6i2.51882.

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A buildup of plaque that contracts arteries and decreases blood flow to the heart causes chest pain, difficulties in breathing, or another coronary artery disease, medically called stenosis puts our lives at risk. We have used Navier-Stokes equations in a cylindrical polar coordinate system to study this problem by considering the flow is steady, axially symmetrical, fully developed, and laminar. Flow parameters like velocity profile, pressure drop, shear stress, and volumetric flow rate in the stenosed regions are analyzed after getting analytical solutions. We have focused our study to know the effect of the thickness of the stenosis in different parameters and the effect of the viscosity coefficient on blood flow behavior.

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10

Elshehawey, E. F., E. M. E. Elbarbary, N. A. S. Afifi, and M. El-Shahed. "Mhd flow of Blood Under Body Acceleration." Integral Transforms and Special Functions 12, no. 1 (August 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10652460108819329.

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11

MOTOSUKE, Masahiro. "Flow Evaluation of Microdevice for Blood Analysis." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 34, no. 134 (2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.34.134_28.

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12

McCULLOUGH, R. W., E. J. GANDSMAN, H. LITCHMAN, S. L. SCHATZ, and S. D. DEUTSCH. "Computerized Blood-flow Analysis in Osteochondritis Dissecans." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 11, no. 7 (July 1986): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-198607000-00014.

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13

SHIOZAKI, Kensuke, Takuya TERAHARA, Takafumi SASAKI, Kenji TAKIZAWA, and Tayfun E. TEZDUYAR. "Aortic Valve and ST Blood Flow Analysis." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2017.30 (2017): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2017.30.330.

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14

Perkkiö, J., R. Keskinen, J. Heikkonen, and M. Mäntylä. "Theoretical analysis of regional blood flow studies." Medical Physics 13, no. 2 (March 1986): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.595901.

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15

Biswas, Hena Rani, Sakibul Islam, Umme Habiba Khatun, Ruma Rani, and Saida Islam Nourin. "Numerical Analysis of Blood Flow through Blood Vessels with Atherosclerosis Using the Newtonian Flow Model." Asian Journal of Current Research 9, no. 4 (September 5, 2024): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i48855.

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This study quantitatively investigates a Newtonian model for blood flow in a human blood vessel with an atherosclerotic artery. For numerical investigation, the Newtonian flow model of blood flow is used. COMSOL Multiphysics is used for the simulation of the model. The governing equation system, that is depends on incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, considers blood characteristics. Examining the blood flow pattern through an atherosclerotic artery is the aim of this investigation. To solve the governing system of equations with boundary conditions, the finite element model by COMSOL Multiphysics is used. The results have been shown concerning velocity, pressure, and streamlines. Graphical cross-sectional maps of velocity magnitude, pressure, and streamline over the atherosclerotic contraction are also shown. The blood flow simulation findings indicate that the blood flow velocity rises near the plaques. This paper will analyze how the quantity of atherosclerotic plaque controls blood flow through an atherosclerotic artery, assuming the flow is steady and the blood is treated as Newtonian Fluid Model.

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16

Kim, Sungchul, Evgenii Kim, Eloise Anguluan, and Jae Gwan Kim. "Sample entropy analysis of laser speckle fluctuations to suppress motion artifact on blood flow monitoring." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 1 (2022): 011702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.011702.

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17

O. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, O. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, A. Abdurashitov A. Abdurashitov, A. Pavlov A. Pavlov, A. Shirokov A. Shirokov, N. Navolokin N. Navolokin, O. Pavlova O. Pavlova, A. Gekalyuk A. Gekalyuk, et al. "Laser speckle imaging and wavelet analysis of cerebral blood flow associated with the opening of the blood–brain barrier by sound." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 9 (2017): 090002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.090002.

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18

Misra, J. C., M. K. Patra, and B. K. Sahu. "Unsteady flow of blood through narrow blood vessels— a mathematical analysis." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 24, no. 10 (November 1992): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(92)90017-c.

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19

Jayaraman, Girija, and Anamika Sarkar. "Nonlinear analysis of arterial blood flow—steady streaming effect." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 63, no. 5-7 (November 2005): 880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2005.01.016.

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20

Isiksacan, Ziya, Murat Serhatlioglu, and Caglar Elbuken. "In vitro analysis of multiple blood flow determinants using red blood cell dynamics under oscillatory flow." Analyst 145, no. 18 (2020): 5996–6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00604a.

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21

Matthiae, Moritz, Xiaolong Zhu, Rodolphe Marie, and Anders Kristensen. "In-line whole blood fractionation for Raman analysis of blood plasma." Analyst 144, no. 2 (2019): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an01197d.

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22

Li, Juanqing, Yifu Shi, Xiaoyun Wan, Weimiao Yao, Caiyun Zhou, and Honglang Qian. "Intratumoral Blood Flow Analysis in Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumors." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 28, no. 12 (December 2009): 1709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2009.28.12.1709.

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23

Nishida, Masahiro, Hisato Kogure, Takashi Yamane, Osamu Maruyama, Ryo Kosaka, Hiroshi Kawamura, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Katsuyuki Kuwana, Yoshiyuki Sankai, and Tatsuo Tsutsui. "Flow Analysis of MERA monopivot centrifugal blood pump." Journal of Life Support Engineering 19, Supplement (2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.19.supplement_25.

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24

Zong, Chun, and Gen Qi Xu. "Observability and controllability analysis of blood flow network." Mathematical Control & Related Fields 4, no. 4 (2014): 521–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mcrf.2014.4.521.

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25

Benim, Ali, Fethi Gul, Ali Nahavandi, Alexander Assmann, Peter Feindt, and Franz Joos. "Computational Analysis of Blood Flow in Human Aorta." International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinary Fluid Sciences 2, no. 4 (December 2010): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1756-8315.2.4.233.

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26

Iwase, Hidehito, Hao Liu, Shinichi Fujimoto, Ryutaro Himeno, and Tomoaki Hayasaka. "Numerical Analysis of Blood Flow in Left Ventricle." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2001.13 (2001): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2001.13.62.

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27

Arndt, P. A., and G. Garratty. "Flow Cytofluorometric Analysis in Red Blood Cell Immunology." Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 31, no. 3 (2004): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000079075.

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28

Panerai, R. B., A. W. R. Kelsall, J. M. Rennie, and D. H. Evans. "Analysis of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in neonates." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 43, no. 8 (1996): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.508541.

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29

Hübscher, Markus, Lutz Vogt, and Winfried Banzer. "Wavelet Analysis of Laser-Induced Blood Flow Changes." Medical Acupuncture 19, no. 1 (March 2007): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acu.2006.501.

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30

BENDER, JAMES G., and KRISTEN UNVERZAGT. "Flow Cytometric Analysis of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells." Journal of Hematotherapy 2, no. 3 (January 1993): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.1.1993.2.421.

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31

TAKEISHI, Naoki, Yohsuke IMAI, Toshihiro OMORI, Takuji ISHIKAWA, and Takami YAMAGUCHI. "Numerical analysis of microparticles in capillary blood flow." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2017.29 (2017): 1C32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2017.29.1c32.

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32

Li, N., P. Hjemdahl, and A. H. Goodall. "Whole blood flow cytometric analysis of plateletleucocyte aggregates." Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 8, no. 7 (October 1997): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001721-199710000-00015.

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33

FLANCBAUM, LOUIS, STANLEY Z. TROOSKIN, and HENRIK PEDERSEN. "A Theoretical Analysis of Continuous Flow Blood Warmers." Journal of Clinical Engineering 12, no. 5 (September 1987): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-198709000-00013.

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34

Shimonaga, Koji, Toshinori Matsushige, Shigeyuki Sakamoto, Hiroki Takahashi, Yukoshige Hashimoto, Tatsuya Mizoue, Chiaki Ono, and Kaoru Kurisu. "Blood Flow Pattern Analysis for Carotid Plaque Evaluation." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 29, no. 2 (February 2020): 104539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104539.

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35

Tsuji, Yuichirou, Yoshifusa Abe, Masataka Hisano, Takaaki Takayanagi, Hiroshi Chikaoka, Yoji Iikura, and Tadasu Sakai. "Renal blood flow analysis on methylpredonisolone pulse therapy." Nihon Shoni Jinzobyo Gakkai Zasshi 15, no. 1 (2002): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3165/jjpn.15.29.

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36

Cantor, S. B., D. V. Hudson, B. Lichtiger, and E. B. Rubenstein. "Costs of blood transfusion: a process-flow analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, no. 7 (July 1998): 2364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1998.16.7.2364.

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PURPOSE To determine the cost of transfusing 2 units (U) of packed RBCs at a comprehensive cancer center. METHODS We performed a process-flow analysis to identify all costs of transfusing 2 U of allogeneic packed RBCs on an outpatient basis to patients with either (1) solid tumor who did not undergo bone marrow transplantation (BMT), (2) solid tumor who underwent BMT, (3) hematologic malignancy who did not undergo BMT, (4) hematologic malignancy who underwent allogeneic BMT, or (5) hematologic malignancy who underwent autologous BMT. We conducted structured interviews to determine the personnel time used and physical resources necessary at all steps of the transfusion process. RESULTS The mean cost of a 2-U transfusion of allogeneic packed RBCs was $548, $565, $569, $569, and $566 for patients with non-BMT solid tumor, BMT solid tumor, non-BMT hematologic malignancy, allogeneic BMT hematologic malignancy, and autologous BMT hematologic malignancy, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that total transfusion costs were sensitive to variations in the amount of clinician compensation and overhead costs, but were relatively insensitive to reasonable variations in the direct costs of blood tests and the blood itself, or the probability or extent of transfusion reaction. CONCLUSION The costs of the transfusion of packed RBCs are greater than previously analyzed, particularly in the cancer care setting.

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37

YAMAGUCHI, Takami, Takuji ISHIKAWA, Ken-ichi TSUBOTA, Yohsuke IMAI, Masanori NAKAMURA, and Tomohiro FUKUI. "Computational Blood Flow Analysis —New Trends and Methods." Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (2006): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jbse.1.29.

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38

Sud, V. K., H. E. von Gierke, I. Kaleps, and H. L. Oestreicher. "Analysis of blood flow under time-dependent acceleration." Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 23, no. 1 (January 1985): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02444030.

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39

Bracic, M. "Wavelet-based Analysis of Human Blood-flow Dynamics." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 60, no. 5 (September 1998): 919–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1998.0047.

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40

Pavlov, A. N., O. V. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, O. N. Pavlova, I. A. Semyachkin-Glushkovsky, S. S. Sindeev, and O. A. Bibikova. "Analysis of Renal Blood Flow Dynamics Using Wavelets." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 11, no. 2 (2011): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2011-11-2-85-89.

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We study characteristic features of renal blood flow autoregulation in normotensive and spontaneous hypertensive rats using the discrete wavelet transform. We show that the variability of wavelet-coefficients can serve as an essential measure of pathological changes in renal dynamics. The reduced variability reflects a smaller flexibility of the vascular system in the hypertension state.

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41

Michelson, Alan D. "Flow Cytometric Analysis of Platelets." Vox Sanguinis 78, S2 (July 2000): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2000.tb00052.x.

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Background and Objectives:Despite recent progress in our understanding of platelet function in vitro, there remains a remarkable paucity of methods to study platelet function in vivo.Materials and Methods:We have developed novel three color whole blood flow cytometric methods for tracking of infused platelets and measurement of their function in vivo.Results:These methods were used to demonstrate that circulating P‐selectin‐positive (degranulated) platelets rapidly lose surface P‐selectin to the plasma pool, but continue to circulate and function.Conclusions:1) These studies strongly suggest that the measurement of platelet surface P‐selectin in platelet concentrates stored in the blood bank should not be used as a predictor of platelet survival or function in vivo. 2) The described methods provide the means to answer many previously difficult to address questions about in vivo platelet function in transfusion medicine.

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42

Geddes, John B., Russell T. Carr, Nathaniel J. Karst, and Fan Wu. "The Onset of Oscillations in Microvascular Blood Flow." SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems 6, no. 4 (January 2007): 694–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/060670699.

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43

Kafle, Jeevan, Kamal Panta, Pushpa Nidhi Gautam, and Chudamani Pokharel. "Mathematical Analysis of Hemodynamic Parameters of Blood Flow in an Artery." Mathematics Education Forum Chitwan 7, no. 7 (December 31, 2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mefc.v7i7.54788.

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In blood rheology we study volume flow rate, blood pressure, velocity, viscosity and shear stress of blood. Cross-sectional area plays an important role for smooth flow of the blood. But some other parameter like composition of blood, length of vessel also affects in the flow rate and pressure of blood. Velocity and volume flow rate are derived by using Poiseuille’s equation.This work presents a mathematical model of blood flow that was created using the N-S equations and computer simulation. Graphs are used to analyze the results.

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44

Sankar, DS, Joan Goh, and AhmadIzani Mohamed Ismail. "FDM Analysis for Blood Flow through Stenosed Tapered Arteries." Boundary Value Problems 2010, no. 1 (2010): 917067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/917067.

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45

Ruan, Weihua, M. E. Clark, Meide Zhao, and Anthony Curcio. "Blood flow in a network." Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications 5, no. 3 (July 2004): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2003.11.002.

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46

Barman, Scott A., Laryssa L. McCloud, John D. Catravas, and Ina C. Ehrhart. "Measurement of pulmonary blood flow by fractal analysis of flow heterogeneity in isolated canine lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 2039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2039.

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Barman, Scott A., Laryssa L. McCloud, John D. Catravas, and Ina C. Ehrhart. Measurement of pulmonary blood flow by fractal analysis of flow heterogeneity in isolated canine lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2039–2045, 1996.—Regional heterogeneity of lung blood flow can be measured by analyzing the relative dispersion (RD) of mass (weight)-flow data. Numerous studies have shown that pulmonary blood flow is fractal in nature, a phenomenon that can be characterized by the fractal dimension and the RD for the smallest realizable volume element (piece size). Although information exists for the applicability of fractal analysis to pulmonary blood flow in whole animal models, little is known in isolated organs. Therefore, the present study was done to determine the effect of blood flow rate on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in the isolated blood-perfused canine lung lobe by using fractal analysis. Four different radiolabeled microspheres (141Ce,95Nb,85Sr, and51Cr), each 15 μm in diameter, were injected into the pulmonary lobar artery of isolated canine lung lobes ( n = 5) perfused at four different flow rates ( flow 1 = 0.42 ± 0.02 l/min; flow 2 = 1.12 ± 0.07 l/min; flow 3 = 2.25 ± 0.17 l/min; flow 4 = 2.59 ± 0.17 l/min), and the pulmonary blood flow distribution was measured. The results of the present study indicate that under isogravimetric blood flow conditions, all regions of horizontally perfused isolated lung lobes received blood flow that was preferentially distributed to the most distal caudal regions of the lobe. Regional pulmonary blood flow in the isolated perfused canine lobe was heterogeneous and fractal in nature, as measured by the RD. As flow rates increased, fractal dimension values (averaging 1.22 ± 0.08) remained constant, whereas RD decreased, reflecting more homogeneous blood flow distribution. At any given blood flow rate, high-flow areas of the lobe received a proportionally larger amount of regional flow, suggesting that the degree of pulmonary vascular recruitment may also be spatially related.

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47

Gordon, Zoya, Osnat Eytan, Ariel J. Jaffa, and David Elad. "Hemodynamic analysis of Hyrtl anastomosis in human placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 2 (February 2007): R977—R982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00410.2006.

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The Hyrtl anastomosis is a common connection between the umbilical arteries near the cord insertion in most human placentas. It has been speculated that it equalizes the blood pressure between the territories supplied by the umbilical arteries. However, its functional role in the regulation and distribution of fetal blood flow to the placenta has not yet been explored. A computational model has been developed for quantitative analysis of hemodynamic characteristic of the Hyrtl anastomosis in cases of discordant blood flow in the umbilical arteries. Simulations were performed for cases of either increased placental resistance at the downstream end or reduced arterial blood flow due to some pathologies upstream of one of the arteries. The results indicate that when placental territories of one artery impose increased resistance to fetal blood flow, the Hyrtl anastomosis redistributes the blood flow into the second artery to reduce the large pressure gradients that are developed in the affected artery. When one of the arteries conducts a smaller blood flow into the placenta and a relatively smaller pressure gradient is developed, the Hyrtl anastomosis rebuilds the pressure gradients in the affected artery and redistributes blood flow from the unaffected artery to the affected one to improve placental perfusion. In conclusion, the Hyrtl anastomosis plays the role of either a safety valve or a pressure stabilizer between the umbilical arteries at the placental insertion.

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48

HARADA, Daisuke, Toshiyuki HAYASE, Suguru MIYAUCHI, and Kosuke INOUE. "Study on Visualization of the Blood Flow Reproduced by Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic-Measurement-Integrated Blood Flow Analysis." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2018.30 (2018): 1F17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2018.30.1f17.

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49

Fedorovich, Andrey A., Yulia I. Loktionova, Elena V. Zharkikh, Maria A. Mikhailova, Julia A. Popova, Alexander V. Suvorov, and Evgeny A. Zherebtsov. "Body Position Affects Capillary Blood Flow Regulation Measured with Wearable Blood Flow Sensors." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030436.

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In this study we demonstrate what kind of relative alterations can be expected in average perfusion and blood flow oscillations during postural changes being measured in the skin of limbs and on the brow of the forehead by wearable laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) sensors. The aims of the study were to evaluate the dynamics of cutaneous blood perfusion and the regulatory mechanisms of blood microcirculation in the areas of interest, and evaluate the possible significance of those effects for the diagnostics based on blood perfusion monitoring. The study involved 10 conditionally healthy volunteers (44 ± 12 years). Wearable laser Doppler flowmetry monitors were fixed at six points on the body: two devices were fixed on the forehead, on the brow; two were on the distal thirds of the right and left forearms; and two were on the distal thirds of the right and left lower legs. The protocol was used to record three body positions on the tilt table for orthostatic test for each volunteer in the following sequence: (a) supine body position; (b) upright body position (+75°); (c) tilted with the feet elevated above the head and the inclination of body axis of 15° (−15°, Trendelenburg position). Skin blood perfusion was recorded for 10 min in each body position, followed by the amplitude–frequency analysis of the registered signals using wavelet decomposition. The measurements were supplemented with the blood pressure and heart rate for every body position analysed. The results identified a statistically significant transformation in microcirculation parameters of the average level of skin blood perfusion and oscillations of amplitudes of neurogenic, myogenic and cardiac sensors caused by the postural changes. In paper, we present the analysis of microcirculation in the skin of the forehead, which for the first time was carried out in various positions of the body. The area is supplied by the internal carotid artery system and can be of particular interest for evaluation of the sufficiency of blood supply for the brain.

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50

Nishi, Okihiro, and Tsutomu Yasukawa. "Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Clinical Findings in Pachychoroid-Spectrum Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 5247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175247.

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Abstract:

We wish to demonstrate that theorems of fluid dynamics may be employed to hydrodynamically analyze the clinical presentations seen within the pachychoroid-spectrum diseases (PSD). Methods: We employed both the Equation of Continuity Q = A · V in which Q represents blood flow volume, A the sectional area of a vessel, and V blood flow velocity as well as Bernoulli’s Principle 1/2 V2 + P/ρ = constant where V represents blood flow velocity, P static blood pressure and ρ blood density. The Equation of Continuity states that a decrease in flow volume occurs simultaneously with a decrease in the flow velocity and/or sectional area, and vice versa. Bernoulli’s Principle states that a decrease in the velocity of a fluid occurs simultaneously with an increase in static pressure, and vice versa. Results: Hyperpermeability of the choriocapillaris, as visualized on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), causes a fluid exudation and, therefore, a decrease in the blood flow volume Q which elicits a simultaneous decrease in the blood flow velocity V clinically observable in filling delay into the choriocapillaris on ICGA. An increase in the static blood pressure P will simultaneously occur in venules in accord with Bernoulli’s Principle. Conclusions: A decrease in the blood flow velocity in the choriocapillaris due to its hyperpermeability will hydrodynamically elicit an increase in the blood pressure in venules. This blood pressure rise may expand Sattler and Haller veins, forming pachyveins. The primary lesion of PSD can be in pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris.

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