Relevant bibliographies by topics / Blood donors – Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Blood donors – Australia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood donors – Australia"

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Rooks, Kelly, Clive R. Seed, Jesse J. Fryk, Catherine A. Hyland, Robert J. Harley, Jerry A. Holmberg, Denese C. Marks, Robert L. P. Flower, and Helen M. Faddy. "Mitigating the Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Dengue in Australia." Journal of Blood Transfusion 2016 (November 13, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3059848.

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Dengue viruses (DENV 1–4) are a risk to transfusion safety, with several transfusion-transmitted (TT) cases reported globally. DENV 1–4 are endemic in over 100 countries, with seasonal outbreaks occurring in northeastern Australia. To mitigate TT-DENV risk in Australia, fresh blood components are not manufactured from donors returning from any area (domestic/overseas) with known dengue transmission. Alternatively, TT-DENV risk may be mitigated using an appropriate blood donor screening assay. We aimed to determine the rate of dengue infection in donors during dengue outbreaks in Australia. Plasma samples were collected from blood donors during local dengue outbreaks. All samples were tested for the presence of DENV RNA and selected samples were tested for DENV antigen (nonstructural protein 1, NS1) with two assays. No donors residing in high risk areas had detectable levels of DENV RNA or NS1 and no cases of DENV viremia were detected in blood donors residing in areas of Australia experiencing DENV outbreaks. Definitive conclusions could not be drawn from this study; however, the lack of detection of DENV RNA or antigen in donations suggests that the current risk of TT-DENV is low and maintaining the fresh component restriction for “at-risk” donors is appropriate.
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Speicher, David J., Jesse J. Fryk, Victoria Kashchuk, Helen M. Faddy, and Newell W. Johnson. "Human Herpesvirus 8 in Australia: DNAemia and Cumulative Exposure in Blood Donors." Viruses 14, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102185.

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Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, multicentric Castleman’s disease and primary effusion lymphoma, predominantly manifests in immunocompromised individuals. However, infection in immunocompetent individuals does occur. The prevalence of HHV-8 exposure in blood donors from non-endemic countries ranges between 1.2% and 7.3%. Nothing was known about the prevalence in Australian blood donors. Therefore, this study investigated the active and cumulative exposure of HHV-8 in this cohort. Plasma samples (n = 480) were collected from eastern Australian blood donors and were tested for HHV-8 DNA by qPCR, and for HHV-8 antibodies by two different ELISAs. Samples initially positive on either ELISA were retested in duplicate on both, and on a mock-coated ELISA. Any samples positive two or three out of the three times tested on at least one ELISA, and repeat negative on the mock-coated ELISA, were assigned as repeat positive. None of the 480 samples tested contained HHV-8 DNA. Serological testing revealed 28 samples (5.83%; 95% CI: 3.74−7.93%) had antibodies to HHV-8. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in seropositivity between sex or with increasing age. This is the first study to show serological evidence of cumulative HHV-8 exposure and no HHV-8 DNAemia within a select blood donor population in Australia. Our molecular and serological data is consistent with published results for blood donors residing in HHV-8 non-endemic countries, which shows the prevalence to be very low.
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Reinicke, V., H. Poulsen, O. Banke, and E. Dybkjaer. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AUSTRALIA-ANTIBODY IN BLOOD DONORS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology and Immunology 81B, no. 6 (August 15, 2009): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1973.tb02271.x.

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Wood, Robyn, and Richard Pembrey. "Blood supply protection: how much is enough?" Microbiology Australia 26, no. 1 (2005): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma05010.

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The delivery and maintenance of a safe blood supply are imperative for Australia?s security and medical advancement. Practices such as the use of voluntary nonremunerated donors (1927), and early coordination to identify optimal testing regimes, e.g. for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 1975, Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1985 and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 1990, have ensured the Australian public are at minimal risk of exposure to unsafe blood. However, the AIDS epidemic did reveal significant flaws and weaknesses in our delivery of a safe blood supply, unfortunately with some devastating ramifications. Since that time, public tolerance of adverse events following receipt of infectious donations is very low. Does Australia now have a safe blood supply, and is safety assured against future potential catastrophes?
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Lopez, Genghis H., Brett Wilson, Robyn M. Turner, Glenda M. Millard, Nicole S. Fraser, Naomi M. Roots, Yew-Wah Liew, Catherine A. Hyland, and Robert L. Flower. "Frequency of Mia (MNS7) and Classification of Mia-Positive Hybrid Glycophorins in an Australian Blood Donor Population." Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 47, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504026.

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Background: MNS blood group system genes GYPA and GYPB share a high degree of sequence homology and gene structure. Homologous exchanges between GYPA and GYPB form hybrid genes encoding hybrid glycophorins GP(A-B-A) and GP(B-A-B). Over 20 hybrid glycophorins have been characterised. Each has a distinct phenotype defined by the profile of antigens expressed including Mia. Seven hybrid glycophorins carry Mia and have been reported in Caucasian and Asian population groups. In Australia, the population is diverse; however, the prevalence of hybrid glycophorins in the population has never been determined. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of Mia and to classify Mia-positive hybrid glycophorins in an Australian blood donor population. Method: Blood samples from 5,098 Australian blood donors were randomly selected and screened for Mia using anti-Mia monoclonal antibody (CBC-172) by standard haemagglutination technique. Mia-positive red blood cells (RBCs) were further characterised using a panel of phenotyping reagents. Genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis and DNA sequencing were used to confirm serology. Result: RBCs from 11/5,098 samples were Mia-positive, representing a frequency of 0.22%. Serological and molecular typing identified four types of Mia-positive hybrid glycophorins: GP.Hut (n = 2), GP.Vw (n = 3), GP.Mur (n = 5), and 1 GP.Bun (n = 1). GP.Mur was the most common. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study on the frequency of Mia and types of hybrid glycophorins present in an Australian blood donor population. The demographics of Australia are diverse and ever-changing. Knowing the blood group profile in a population is essential to manage transfusion needs.
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Wong, Dodd, Kiely, Carroll, and Whyte. "Characteristics of hepatitis C-positive blood donors in Victoria, Australia." Transfusion Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1999): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3148.1999.009001015.x.

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Linnen, Jeffrey M., Elizabeth Vinelli, Ester C. Sabino, Leslie H. Tobler, Catherine Hyland, Tzong-Hae Lee, Daniel P. Kolk, et al. "Dengue viremia in blood donors from Honduras, Brazil, and Australia." Transfusion 48, no. 7 (July 2008): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01772.x.

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Polizzotto, Mark N., Erica M. Wood, Helen Ingham, and Anthony J. Keller. "Choosing Donors Wisely. Reducing the Risk of Transfusion-Transmissible Viral Infection through Blood Donor Selection: The Australian Experience 2000–2006." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2910.2910.

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Abstract Selection of voluntary donors who are at low risk of transfusion-transmissible viral infection (TTVI) is central in maintaining the safety of the blood supply. Evaluation of the effectiveness of donor selection and the dynamics of the process may offer opportunities to further improve transfusion safety. We analysed the impact of donor selection on the relative prevalence of TTVIs in all allogeneic donations in Australia between July 2000 and June 2006. We further explored the donor selection process where donors were found to have a TTVI despite pre-donation screening. Donors repeat reactive for a TTVI were offered counselling and confidential interview where potential infective risk exposures were reassessed, and disclosure of risk exposures at initial screening re-evaluated. 6,274,144 donations were received during the study period and tested for HCV, HBV, HIV, and HTLVI/II; of these, 1449 (0.02%) were repeat reactive for at least one TTVI and were discarded. Twenty-nice (2.5%) positive donors were not contactable or declined interview, giving an interview participation rate of 98.5%; all 1449 positive donors are included in the prevalence analysis. This comprised 605 (42%) positive for Hepatitis B; 818 (56%) positive for Hepatitis C; 18 (1%) positive for HIV; and 20 (1%) positive for HTLVI/II. The prevalence of HBV in accepted donors was at least 50 times lower than that in the Australian population; for HCV, 75 times lower; and HIV for 350 times lower. In new donors the prevalence was at least 6 times lower for HBV, 12 times lower for HCV and 140 times lower for HIV. In 1158 of 1420 donors interviewed (80%) an infective risk was identified; 509 donors (44%) had more than one risk. The most common identified were country of birth and parental ethnicity (N=682, 26% of reported risks); tattoos/piercings (N=448, 18%); and intravenous drug use (N=302, 12%). Other common risks included surgery or endoscopy (201 donors, 8%); receipt of blood products (N=144, 6%); and other blood contact, such as following sporting injuries (N=232, 10%). High-risk sexual contacts were uncommon risk exposures, but disproportionately significant in donors with HIV. Many of the identified risk exposures were temporally remote. The relative importance of risks varied significantly between TTVIs. In 302 cases (21%) disclosure of the identified risk exposures at pre-donation screening would have resulted in donor deferral. The proportion of positive donations which would not have been accepted had exposures been reported accurately was 3% for HBV; 35% for HCV; 39% for HIV; and 5% for HTLVI/II. Factors influencing non-disclosure included the temporal remoteness or isolated nature of the exposure, belief behaviour was not high-risk (eg, that needles were not shared during drug use), and perceptions that laboratory testing rendered disclosure unnecessary. Concerns about privacy or confidentiality of personal information were uncommon. These findings affirm the effectiveness of current stringent donor selection criteria in reducing the residual risk of TTVI. Ongoing donor education regarding the importance of risk disclosure is required. The development of screening criteria for use with emerging infections also offers continued opportunity for further improvements in transfusion safety.
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J. Kokani, Dr Mayur, and Dr Chiragkumar B. Menapara. "Seroprevalence of Australia antigen (HbsAg) among blood donors in local population." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 4, no. 7 (November 30, 2018): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2018.i07.06.

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Patel, Dr Kamini, Dr Sunita Mistry, Dr Kamlesh Shah, and Dr Niraj Patel. "Seroprevalence of Australia antigen (HbsAg) among blood donors in local population." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 5, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2019.i11.17.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood donors – Australia"

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Adam, Douglas. "An investigation of a theoretical model of willingness to donate blood." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/899.

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The Australian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service (ARCBTS) in Western Australian faces a major problem with periodic shortages of blood components. These shortages are expected to become more frequent and severe as demand continues to increase at a faster rate than supply. Given that only five percent of the population is registered as blood donors, clearly, the challenge for the ARCBTS is to encourage more people to become regular blood donors. The current study was undertaken to assist the ARCBTS in achieving this goal, by identifying and investigating the factors that influence people's willingness to donate blood. Based on the findings of a literature review and focus groups, a conceptual model of "willingness to donate blood" was developed. The model included personal values, knowledge about blood donation, perceived risks associated with donating blood, and attitudes towards blood donation, as antecedents to willingness to donate.
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Crocker, Katrena. "Changing attitudes to blood donation : a modified focus group approach (an investigation in two countries with volunteer blood donor systems - England and Australia)." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298020.

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The aim of this research was to examine knowledge of, and attitudes to, blood, blood donation, blood processing and the uses of donated blood and the effect of information- giving on these attitudes. The research was conducted in Australia and England; both countries rely on volunteer blood donors and the blood transfusion services are undergoing major organisational change. Data were collected through a modified focus group interview format. After a guided group discussion on blood donation, participants were presented with information about the donation process, the processing of blood and the many blood products. They were then asked what influence, if any, this had on their intention to donate blood. Donors, non-donors and lapsed donors were interviewed. Ten modified focus groups and one control focus group (where no information was given) were conducted in London (n'= 39, n=4 respectively); and five modified focus groups were conducted in Melbourne (n= 30). All but one group of English participants were contacted six months after participating in the interview to establish whether they had carried out their stated behavioural intentions. The Theory of Reasoned Action, which has regularly been used in research on blood donation, was found to be feasible but too simplistic in explaining or predicting behaviour. It was found that while information-giving has little effect on non-donors' intention to donate, lapsed donors may be encouraged to return to blood donation by information which emphasises the many uses of donated blood and which reassures them there is no risk of viral contamination from the act of donating. The data indicates that current donors are more likely to maintain a regular commitment when presented with similar information. Furthermore it was found that, whilst altruistic reasoning still plays a part in blood donation behaviour, donor motivations are more complex and founded on more individualistic reasoning, with issues of self-esteem and social approval taking a more dominant role. Additionally, more than a decade after the identification of HIV, the fear of contracting HIV/AIDS is still a deterrent, and one which seems to be underestimated by the blood transfusion services
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Books on the topic "Blood donors – Australia"

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IABS, International Conference on Advances in Transfusion Safety (2005 Sydney N. S. W. ). Advances in transfusion safety: Sydney, Australia, 11-13th October 2005 : proceedings of an international conference organized by the International Association for Biologicals (IABS), the National Serology Reference Laboratory, Australia, and the Therapeutics Goods Administration. Basel: Karger, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood donors – Australia"

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Singh, Indu, Janelle Guerrero, and Michael J. Simmonds. "Developing a National Registry for Hemochromatosis." In Improving Health Management through Clinical Decision Support Systems, 154–64. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9432-3.ch007.

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Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is a disorder where iron and ferritin concentrations in a patient's blood are much higher than normal healthy levels. The main therapeutic intervention for individuals with HH is removing 300-500 mL of blood every few months to maintain ferritin concentration within acceptable ranges. The blood collected during these venesections is usually discarded as there is a belief that blood with high levels of ferritin are not suitable for blood transfusion purposes. Australian Red Cross Blood Services voluntarily collects blood from donors for subsequent use in blood transfusion. Annually more than 700 thousand units are transfused within Australia and there is a constant need for new donors given the significant imbalance between supply and demand of blood products. Besides red cell transfusions, the Red Cross also issues donor blood for development of many other blood products essential for patient health care. The HH blood can currently be used for other blood products if not for red cell transfusion. However, there is evidence to suggest that there is no significant difference between the red cells of the normal healthy population compared to those from HH patients. Australian Red Cross has developed a mobile computer application (High Ferritin “app”) as they have started collecting blood from HH patients. Though there is little or no awareness about the existence and use of this High Ferritin app in general HH population, their doctors and nurses collecting their blood for therapeutic purposes. This chapter describes possibility of saving and utilizing the blood collected from hemochromatosis patients for therapeutic purposes. A national hemochromatosis patients registry, in collaboration with High Ferritin app (HFa) developed by Australian Red Cross Blood Services, accessible to the patients, their doctors and Red Cross Blood Collection Sservices 24 hours a day anywhere in the country can allow the patients to donate the blood collected for therapeutic purposes at any affiliated blood collection center in the country after they automatically get a message either by email or text message after their blood results have been reviewed by their doctor and they are required to go for venesection.
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SENIOR, JOHN R., ALTON I. SUTNICK, EUGENE GOESER, W. THOMAS LONDON, MIRIAM B. DAHLKE, and BARUCH S. BLUMBERG. "Reduction of post-transfusion hepatitis by exclusion of Australia antigen from donor blood in an urban public hospital." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 285–91. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Blood donors – Australia"

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Seidl, S. "SCREENING PROCEDURES TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B, NON-A,NON-B, AND AIDS BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644753.

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Although the number of infectious agents capable of being transmitted through blood and blood products is vast, only a few cause problems in recipients of a magnitude which warrants the need for screening tests. The most important agents are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis non-A,non-B (HNANB) - agents causing posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) and the human immundeficiency viruses (HIV) responsible for transfusion associated AIDS (TAA).PTH: Prospective studies in open-heart-surgery patients demonstrated a high prevalence (8-17%) *in Spain, Italy, the United States and Israel whereas low percentages (2-5%) were observed in Australia, Finland and West-Germany. Among haemophiliacs acute and chronic hepatitis is a rather frequent complication. Serologic markers of HBV infection have been observed in the majority of patients. Since HBsAg screening has been introduced most cases of PTH (>90%) are due to infection with HNANB-agents. For this type of hepatitis no specific assay exists. It has been suggested that surrogate tests (ALT, anti-HBc screening) might serve as interim screening measure. In prospective studies in the USA a correlation has been observed between donor ALT and recipient hepatitis, but not more than 30% of PTH can be prevented at a loss of 1,5 to 3,0% of the donor population. Similar data have been reported when blood donors were screened for anti-HBc. There was a significantly higher incidence of PTH in recipients receiving at least one unit of anti HBc positive blood. This was recently confirmed in a study in which patients received blood with ALT-levels below 30 IU/ml. The incidence of HNANB was 2,1% after transfusion with anti HBc negative blood whereas 10,1% developed HNANB when anti HB positive blood was transfused (P=< 0.0001). However, these two markers (ALT, anti HBc) do not identify the same NANB carrier population. - ALT screening and testing for anti-HBc have been recently instituted in the USA as “surrogate tests” for detecting HNANB carriers.TAA: Among the total number of AIDS cases there ist a small percentage caused by transfusion of blood and blood products. In the USA approximately 2% of TAA have been reported, 1 % of AIDS patients are haemophiliacs but the majority of haemophiliacs are HIV-antibody positive. According to a survey of the Council of Europe (March 1986) the percentages of HIV positive European haemophiliacs varies between 4 to 8% (Belgium, Norway) and 30 to 60% in other European countries. The number of TAA-cases is around 1%, AIDS among European haemophiliacs has been observed up to 5% of the total AIDS cases. - Screening for HIV antibodies in blood donors was introduced in most European countries and the USA in early summer 1985, but several thousands of recipients of HIV positive blood (issued before) are now virus carriers. This has been confirmed in “look back” programmes: A substantial number of recipient (50 to 90%) has been found to be HIV positive.-A major disadvantage of the HIV antibody test is the fact that antibodies appear several weeks after infection. The gap between infection and detecting HIV antibodies may be reduced by an antigen test, which recognizes the HIV infection as early as two weeks after infection. - The recent detection of HIV 2 implies the necessity of developing tests for the identification of variants of HIV.
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