Journal articles on the topic 'Blood – Collection and preservation – Australia'
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1
Ballen, Karen K., Juliet N. Barker, Susan K. Stewart, Michael F. Greene, and Thomas A. Lane. "Collection and Preservation of Cord Blood for Personal Use." Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 14, no. 3 (March 2008): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.11.005.
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Spratt, John R., Lars M. Mattison, Paul A. Iaizzo, and Gabriel Loor. "The ABCs of autologous blood collection for ex vivo organ preservation." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 155, no. 1 (January 2018): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.08.036.
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Okada, K., and J. Yasuda. "Methods for Collection and Preservation of Cattle Blood for Metabolic Profile Test." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Clinics 24, no. 1 (2001): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4190/jjvc2001.24.13.
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Nikberg, I. I. "SOME HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN AUSTRALIA." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-3-243-247.
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Modern medical and environmental problems caused by the Australian set two main groups of the negative impact -original natural and climatic factors and the environmental pollution. Much of Australia is desert-dry low landscaping and water scarcity. The bulk of the population lives in cities and the countryside surrounding. Medical and environmental problems in these areas are the air pollution due to emissions of industrial enterprises and motor transport, preservation of safe drinking water, sanitary protection of soil, differentiated collection, removal and decontamination of waste. Issues of sanitary protection of the environment in Australia paid a lot of attention of the Government and non-governmental organizations.
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Gillespie, Richard. "Fundamentals of Bone Degradation Chemistry: Collagen is Not “The Way”." Radiocarbon 31, no. 03 (1989): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200011747.
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Collagen-based pretreatment methods for bone yield inconsistent results for those samples where protein preservation is low, as frequently found in bones from the semi-arid zones of Australia and North America. New methods for dealing with low collagen bones are needed, and this paper suggests that the non-collagenous proteins, particularly the blood proteins, may offer advantages for AMS dating because of their better preservation. Amino-acid profiles of collagen and non-collagenous proteins suggest that such differential preservation may be due to physico-chemical differences, and help to explain the poor results from dating low-collagen bones.
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Song, Jiaojiao, and Junmei Zhou. "Effects of preservation duration at 4 °C on the quality of RNA in rabbit blood specimens." PeerJ 8 (April 10, 2020): e8940. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8940.
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A prolonged preservation duration of blood specimens at 4 °C may occur due to the distance from collection points to storage facilities in many biobanks, especially for multicenter studies. This could lead to RNA degradation, affecting downstream analyses. However, effects of preservation durations at 4 °C on RNA quality in blood specimens need to be studied. We collected rabbit blood using EDTA tubes and stored them at 4 °C for different preservation durations. Then, we examined the quality of RNA from whole blood and leukocytes isolated from rabbit blood. Our results show that the purity of whole blood RNA and leukocyte RNA does not indicate significant change after rabbit blood is stored at 4 °C for different preservation durations (from 1 h to 7 days). The integrity of leukocyte RNA indicates the same result as above, but the integrity of whole blood RNA is significantly decreased after rabbit blood is stored at 4 °C for over 3 days. Moreover, expression of SMAD7, MKI67, FOS, TGFβ1 and HIF1α of whole blood RNA and leukocyte RNA remains basically stable, but PCNA expression of whole blood RNA or leukocyte RNA is significantly decreased after rabbit blood is stored at 4 °C for over 24 h or 7 days. Therefore, these results suggest that high-quality RNA is obtained from the fresher blood specimens and if blood specimens are stored for over 3 days at 4 °C, the quality of leukocyte RNA is more stable and of better quality than that of whole blood RNA.
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Kluge, Jonathan A., Adrian B. Li, Brooke T. Kahn, Dominique S. Michaud, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto, and David L. Kaplan. "Silk-based blood stabilization for diagnostics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 21 (May 9, 2016): 5892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602493113.
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Advanced personalized medical diagnostics depend on the availability of high-quality biological samples. These are typically biofluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine; and their collection and storage is critical to obtain reliable results. Without proper temperature regulation, protein biomarkers in particular can degrade rapidly in blood samples, an effect that ultimately compromises the quality and reliability of laboratory tests. Here, we present the use of silk fibroin as a solid matrix to encapsulate blood analytes, protecting them from thermally induced damage that could be encountered during nonrefrigerated transportation or freeze–thaw cycles. Blood samples are recovered by simple dissolution of the silk matrix in water. This process is demonstrated to be compatible with a number of immunoassays and provides enhanced sample preservation in comparison with traditional air-drying paper approaches. Additional processing can remediate interactions with conformational structures of the silk protein to further enhance blood stabilization and recovery. This approach can provide expanded utility for remote collection of blood and other biospecimens empowering new modalities of temperature-independent remote diagnostics.
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Nurunabi, Abu Sadat Mohammad, Miliva Mozaffor, Mohammad Tipu Sultan, Md Mozaharul Islam, and Kaisar Haroon. "Utilization of Brain Tissue as A Viable Postmortem Toxicological Specimen: A Review on Collection and Preservationof Samplefor Toxicological Analysis and Its Advantage Over Other Specimens." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v11i2.61455.
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Collection of proper autopsy specimen and preservation are essential stepsfor the toxicological analysis in Forensic Medicine. Faulty collection and preservation of the specimens/samples can greatly alter or negate forensic chemical or toxicologicalexamination. In forensic toxicology practicein Bangladesh, postmortem specimen that is subjected to toxicological examinations generally focusing on mainly blood and sometimes urine or other fuds from different body cavities. Analysis of blood from different anatomical sites and tissue samples and urine may assist in the interpretation of the postmortem results. However, in many postmortem cases, there is little or no blood for quantitative drug analysis, or there might be such traumatic injury which led to significant blood loss or there is possibility of contamination form contents of the ruptured stomach. Besides, analysis of urine reveals negative result, if death occurs closely the time of intoxication. Given the circumstances, brain tissue may be a valuable specimen in postmortem toxicological analysis. The position of the brain in the body secures a tremendous protection and isolation which can eliminates or at least attenuates many of the interpretive challenges with postmortem blood, urine or other fluid specimens.This review paper is an update on the standard methods of brain tissue specimen collection and preservationprocedures for toxicological analysis and its value as well as advantages over other specimens, which might be of possible interest for forensic professionals in the country. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 114-117
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Stone, Richard. "The show goes on! Preserving performing arts ephemera, or the power of the program." Art Libraries Journal 25, no. 2 (2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200011585.
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Collecting and preserving heritage materials across the broad spectrum of the performing arts on a national scale is a daunting task. Much of the material is as ephemeral and as transitory as the theatrical experience itself. In Australia there is a realistic acceptance of the need for a distributed national collection. An active network of individuals and institutions are working to ensure the preservation of the country’s performing arts heritage and to enhance access to those collections, increasingly by electronic means.
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Azad, Nilima Rubaba, Md Mottaleb Ali, Md Iqramul Haque, Khaled Mahmud Sujan, Kazi Rafiqul Islam, Mohamma Alam Miah, and Md Kamrul Islam. "Influence of preservation length of the sample on the performance of complete blood count (CBC) in rats." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i1.46475.
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The performance of hematological tests deteriorates with the increase in the length of sample preservation. Therefore it has been an issue to characterize the maximum permissible period spent between blood collection and measurement to have the acceptable test report. From this view point, a study was undertaken to know about the effect of preservation length on complete blood count (CBC) in rat of Long Evans strain. A total of 30 samples were collected from 10 apparently healthy rats aged between 45-48 days and the blood samples were kept in commercial test tubes treated with EDTA. The test tubes containing whole blood samples were divided into three different groups based on preservation length and were allowed to keep at 4ºC for three different lengths of time viz. 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours until analysis. The samples were then analyzed for their complete blood count (TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV, DLC, Absolute Leukocyte Count, Red Cell Indices, RDW-SD, RDWCV, Platelet, MPV, PCT and PDW) using Sysmex XT-1800i auto hematological analyzer. Result showed that no significant change in CBC with the variation in preservation length. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that blood samples can be preserved for as long as 6 hours to have the same report obtainable when the samples are preserved at 4ºC in refrigerated condition for 2 or 4 hours.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 22-26
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Besek, June M., Jessica Coates, Brian Fitzgerald, Wilma Mossink, William G. LeFurgy, Adrienne Muir, Mary Rasenberger, and Christopher D. Weston. "Digital Preservation and Copyright: An International Study." International Journal of Digital Curation 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2008): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v3i2.61.
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The aim of the International Study on the Impact of Copyright Law on Digital Preservation was to review current copyright and related laws and their impact on digital preservation, as well as to make recommendations to help libraries, archives and other preservation institutions sustain digital works. Study partners are based in Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. The study found that, in many cases, digital works are not being preserved in a systematic way. This is partly because digital preservation entails more difficult copyright issues than preservation of non-digital material. All the surveyed countries have some form of exception for preservation activities. However, there is inconsistency in the details between the countries’ laws and uncertainty in how they apply in the digital environment. None of the countries surveyed have a uniform national system yet for collecting digital materials. Technological protection measures and licensing arrangements may, in some cases, present significant practical barriers to preservation. Current approaches to address these barriers are ad hoc and include requesting permissions from individual rights holders and some use of model licence terms that permit preservation. Moreover, as yet, there are no effective solutions to the general issue of orphan works. Recommendations of the study include suggestions for drafting national policies and adapting laws to allow digital preservation to be undertaken as necessary, in accordance with international best practice standards, and for promoting national systems for the collection of digital materials by relevant state and national collecting institutions.
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Heath, J. A., and C. J. Stern. "Fertility preservation in children newly diagnosed with cancer: Existing standards of practice in Australia and New Zealand." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 9047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.9047.
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9047 Background: Over the past two decades, rapid advances have occurred in both the successful treatment of childhood cancers and reproductive medicine. We sought to establish the current level of clinical practice for sperm, oocyte and gonadal tissue collection and storage in children newly diagnosed with cancer in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ). Methods: A cross-sectional survey of all pediatric oncology services in ANZ was performed. Comparisons to recently published North American practices and to current recommendations for best practice were also made. Results: Of the 13 centers invited to participate, 12 (92%) completed the survey. All centers had offered sperm conservation, but only ten (83%) had offered oocyte/ovarian tissue conservation. Available methods of gamete collection and storage were not consistent. Two centers were using GnRH agonists as fertility protection in post-pubertal females. Forty-two per cent had offered fertility conservation to males and females prior to completion of sexual development. All centers were more likely to offer sperm conservation than oocyte conservation for any given disease. The most common diseases for which conservation was offered were lymphomas and sarcomas. The anticipated cumulative dose at which centers elected to offer fertility preservation varied widely, both for the alkylator cyclophosphamide (1g/m2 to 10g/m2) and for abdominal/pelvic irradiation (any to 12 Gy) and spinal irradiation (any to 18Gy). Fertility counseling was offered in a variety of settings by 82% of centers. Despite 92% of centers agreeing that fertility preservation guidelines would be helpful, only two (17%) had any in place. Overall, there was greater uptake and consistency of utilization of fertility services in ANZ when compared with published North American data. Conclusions: There are inconsistencies regarding the indications for and methods of gamete conservation in pediatric oncology centers throughout ANZ. Unresolved medical, legal and ethical issues suggest the development of guidelines and a voluntary code of practice would be helpful. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Wilt, Kristen, Charis Ober, John Garcia, and Jennifer Botsford. "Abstract 33 A Diverse and Sustainable State-Run Public Cord Blood Program." Stem Cells Translational Medicine 11, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2022): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/stcltm/szac057.033.
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Abstract Introduction The Arizona Public Cord Blood Program was created in 2011 by the Arizona Biomedical Research Centre, a subsection of the Arizona Department of Health Services, to advance the collection and increase the number of racially and ethnically diverse cord blood units available for transplantation, as well as to promote awareness of the benefits of cord blood stem cells through our educational partner, Save the Cord Foundation (STCF). Objective The main objective of this study was to create a sustainable program for women of all racial and ethnic backgrounds to have the opportunity to donate cord blood, with the primary goal of transplantation and the secondary goal of providing non-transplantable cord blood units for research. A second objective was to educate the residents of the state of Arizona about cord blood stem cells and the need for their preservation. Methods A portion of state lottery funds support the program monetarily. Those funds are provided to four partner collection hospitals employing "cord blood consenters," whose responsibility it is to consent patients, assist delivery providers with collections, and package and ship cord blood units to our partner cord blood bank at MD Anderson Cancer Center. There are also two clinical coordinators who educate and train hospital staff on quality collection practices, with special emphasis on the importance of high-volume, sterile collections. STCF provides education across the state to expectant parents, health care providers, schools, and the public about the need for cord blood stem cell donation for transplant and research. Results Since 2011, the Arizona Public Cord Blood Program has banked several hundreds of racially and ethnically diverse cord blood units with the National Marrow Donor Program (Figure 1) and has had 80 life-saving cord blood units matched with patients in need around the globe. This innovative program has expanded cord blood awareness and promoted the preservation of cord blood, and it also has resulted in the creation of an economic engine for the state of Arizona that is an attractant for STEM-based businesses and careers. Discussion A decade later, the Arizona Public Cord Blood Program has proven to be a sustainable model for collecting and providing suitable cord blood units for transplant to diverse patient populations.
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Kostaman, Tatan, and S. Sopiyana. "Development and Conservation of Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells for Preservation of Local Chicken in Indonesia." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 26, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v26i3.1394.
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One of the <em>ex situ</em> conservation techniques for poultry that recently developed was to collect primordial germ cell (PGC) or gonadal primordial germ cell (gPGC) that isolated from embryo development. Primordial germ cells (PGC) are embryonic cells that migrate to the gonads and form the precursors of gametes. The unique nature and accessibility of PGC during the early development provides an opportunity to manipulate the poultry germplasm, for example by forming germline chimeras. There are some stages that must be done through isolation and collection of PGC from its resources i.e. blastoderm, embryonic circulation blood and gonad. PGC collection originating from the gonads is one of existing PGC resources and technologies. gonadal PGC have advantages compared with other sources, namely (1) A large number of gonadal PGC can be taken from an embryo; and (2) A collection of gonadal PGC can be used in developing management systems of local avian germplasm conservation. This review is intended to describe the usefulness of isolation and collection technology of gonadal PGC as the local poultry germplasm conservation in Indonesia.
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Pearson, David, and James Doig. "Tales from “THE disK FILES”: Lessons Learnt from a Data Recovery Project in 2003–2006 at the National Archives of Australia." American Archivist 85, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 359–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/2327-9702-85.2.359.
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ABSTRACT This case study re-evaluates a large-scale project carried out by the National Archives of Australia (NAA) between 2003 and 2006. The project aimed to identify obsolete digital media (physical data carriers) in its collection and to describe and recover the data from the carriers using a third-party data recovery provider.1 A detailed process for data recovery was developed that included the capture of a full audit trail of steps in the data recovery process. The project was completed in four stages: phase 1 obtained bit-level images from the carriers; phase 2 extracted individual bit-files from the carriers; phase 3 identified duplicate files and proprietary or complex file formats; and phase 4 was a final report that documented processes, made recommendations on future processes, and provided lessons learned. Recent work described in this article indicates that files extracted from the carriers in 2004–2005 can be accurately rendered in current computer environments. The ongoing significance of the project is that it is an early demonstration of the success of bit-level preservation and the need to create disk images as part of a preservation workflow, suggesting a sustainable methodology for digital preservation. The project also influenced archival policy at the NAA and influenced the development of subsequent software tools that became widely known in the broader digital preservation community. The focus on archival principles of authenticity, integrity, chain of custody, and provenance of the recovered records were key learnings to ensuring long-term access and usability. Finally, the metrics resulting from the project, for example, rates of readable carriers and rates of data recovery by carrier type, are useful data from a point in time that correspond quite closely to similar data recovery projects undertaken by other institutions at about the same time and provide a benchmark for future research.
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Ewing, M. A., D. L. Chatel, M. L. Poole, and W. J. Collins. "The career and contribution to Australian and international agricultural science of Clive McDonald Francis: an introduction." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 4 (2013): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13100.
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Dr Clive Francis is amongst a small group of scientists whose efforts have changed the face of Australian agriculture. This special issue of Crop & Pasture Science highlights his broadranging impact delivered through the pasture cultivars he bred, the knowledge that he generated and the influence that he had on peers and policy makers. His cultivars of subterranean clover are still grown on many millions of hectares across southern Australia and his efforts were pivotal in generating momentum for creative research on a wide array of crop and pasture legumes, particularly the collection, evaluation and preservation of genetic resources for use in current and future breeding initiatives.
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Williams, Leah, and Sophie Lewincamp. "On Parr: materiality and intent in the preservation of Mike Parr’s prints in the collection of the National Gallery of Australia." AICCM Bulletin 35, no. 1 (December 2014): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bac.2014.35.1.004.
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Conrad, Kelvin F., R. J. Robertson, and P. T. Boag. "Difficulties Storing and Preserving Tyrant Flycatcher Blood Samples used for Genetic Analyses." Condor 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.191.
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Abstract We stored blood samples of Eastern Phoebes (Sayornis phoebe) in a lysis buffer (“QLB”) that has been used successfully to preserve blood samples of many other species. We found that although samples from adults were not affected greatly, samples of nestling blood stored for more than a few days did not reliably produce the quantity and quality of DNA useful for multi-locus DNA fingerprinting. We also were unable to extract usable DNA from blood samples collected from Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) nestlings, but obtained usable DNA from blood of Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) nestlings stored for more than a year. We recommend that anyone planning DNA research with tyrant flycatchers should conduct their DNA extractions as soon as possible after collection. A pilot study to test methods of storage, preservation, and extraction may be necessary before beginning a large-scale project.
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Palmirotta, Raffaele, Maria Laura De Marchis, Giorgia Ludovici, Barbara Leone, Annalisa Savonarola, Cristiano Ialongo, Antonella Spila, et al. "Impact of Preanalytical Handling and Timing for Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolation and RNA Studies: The Experience of the Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary BioBank (BioBIM)." International Journal of Biological Markers 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.2012.9235.
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Multicenter studies and biobanking projects require blood transportation from the participating center to a central collection or diagnostic laboratory. The impact of time delays between venous blood collection and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolation prior to RNA extraction may affect the quality and quantity of isolated nucleic acids for genomic applications. Thus, standard operating procedure (SOP) optimization for the treatment of biological samples before RNA extraction is crucial in a biological repository. In order to define SOPs for whole blood preservation prior to RNA extraction, we sought to determine whether different blood storage times (0, 3, 6, 10, 24, and 30 hours) prior to PBMCs isolation and storage at –80°C, could affect the quality and quantity of extracted RNA. After spectrophotometric quantification, the quality and integrity of RNA were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis, RNA integrity number and real time-PCR (RT-PCR). Across the different time points we did not observe significant differences within the first 24 hours of blood storage at room temperature, while a significant loss in RNA yield and integrity was detected between 24 and 30 hours. We conclude that time delays before PBMCs isolation prior to RNA extraction may have a significant impact on downstream molecular biological applications.
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Gubanov, Alexander P., and Ellis L. Yochelson. "A Wenlockian (Silurian) gastropod shell and operculum from Siberia." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 3 (May 1994): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025877.
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In a large collection of Wenlockian gastropods from north Siberia, a single small specimen shows the operculum in situ just within the aperture. In other morphologic features, particularly the presence of numerous spiral lirae on the shell, this species is similar to Silurian gastropods traditionally assigned to Oriostoma. Preservation of the operculum is far from perfect, but almost certainly it has paucispiral growth, rather than concentric or multispiral construction. This new species (Australonema varvarae n. sp.) is assigned to Australonema, previously known only from the Lower Devonian of Australia, primarily because of the form of the operculum. The material was obtained from just below a biostromal unit in a bed interpreted as an interreef lagoon in an area of locally relatively quiet water.
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Illarionov, R. A., O. V. Kosyakova, E. S. Vashukova, N. O. Yurkina, M. O. Bakleicheva, Yu S. Dolgova, T. A. Sushko, et al. "Collection of samples from women at different stages of pregnancy to search for early biomarkers of preterm birth." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 2708. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2708.
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Aim. To create a collection of samples from women at different stages of pregnancy to search for early biomarkers of preterm birth.Material and methods. In order to standardize the sample collection, standard operation procedures have been developed with a step-by-step protocol for each research member at the clinical (collection of medical data and biological material) and laboratory (transportation, sample preparation, storage, quality control) stages.Results. As of October 1, 2020, the collection includes peripheral blood samples from 182 women. Whole blood, serum, plasma, buffy coat and urine were collected during pregnancy, and placenta and umbilical cord blood samples — during labor. Clinical and medical history data was obtained about each pregnant woman, which includes data on the woman’s health status, the course and outcome of pregnancy. An electronic catalog has been created with information on samples (data on clinical characteristics and the number of aliquots of each sample type). The quality control (assessment of DNA and microRNA) was carried out, which showed the compliance of the obtained samples with the quality criteria and the preservation of initial characteristics during long-term storage. On the basis of collection, a study has begun to assess the level of microRNA expression in various types of biomaterial, in order to search for early biomarkers of premature birth.Conclusion. The creation of a collection of samples from pregnant women is a significant groundwork for future fundamental and applied research in various fields of biomedicine. This collection may provide an in-depth study of the pathogenesis of various pregnancy complications and the development of new methods for their diagnosis and treatment.-
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De Schauwer, C., S. Piepers, M. K. Hoogewijs, J. L. J. Govaere, T. Rijsselaere, K. Demeyere, E. Meyer, and A. Van Soom. "280 ISOLATION, PRESERVATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EQUINE UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD STEM CELLS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab280.
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The isolation, preservation, and identification of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells from fresh umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been extensively reported in humans. Although both types of stem cells may be of therapeutic interest in horses, data on equine UCB cells are scarce. In the present study, two separation methods to isolate stem and progenitor cells from equine UCB and two cryoprotectant solutions for their subsequent freezing were compared. Characterization of the isolated cells was evaluated flow cytometrically, based on the presence of the cytosolic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which has been shown to be highly expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells in a number of species. Cord blood was collected from 15 foals immediately after birth. While the placenta was still in utero, the umbilical cord was clamped and disinfected. A sterile blood bag collection system containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine anticoagulant was used to collect the UCB by gravity. The UCB units were stored at 4�C and processed within 36 h. Percoll density gradient separation and rouleaux formation induced by hydroxyethyl starch (HES) were tested in parallel on equal volumes of each UCB unit. The enriched progenitor cell fraction was cryopreserved at 10 � 106 nucleated cells mL–1 using two cryoprotectant solutions based on plasma or RPMI 1640, and both containing 10% DMSO and DNase I (20 IU mL–1). Before and after thawing, cells were labeled using a fluorescent ALDH substrate (Aldefluor�, StemCell Technologies SARL, Grenoble, France) including a negative control. Cell viability was simultaneously evaluated by means of exclusion of propidium iodide. Cryopreservation was performed using a programmable freezer (–1�C/min–1 until –70�C, then –10�C/min–1 until –140�C) prior to storage in liquid nitrogen. Results were analyzed statistically with a nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The concentration of the isolated UCB cells ranged from 0.3 to 4 � 106 cells mL–1 for Percoll and from 0.4 to 7.3 � 106 cells mL–1 for HES. The average viability before and after freezing was 94% and 93% for Percoll-, and 93% and 94% for HES-separated cells, respectively. No significant differences in concentration or in viability were observed between both isolation procedures and both cryoprotectant solutions. Before freezing, the proportion of Aldefluor�-positive cells after Percoll and HES isolation ranged between 0.5 and 38% and between 1 and 60.5%, respectively. No significant differences were found. In conclusion, the percentage of ALDH-positive cells as determined by flow cytometry was highly variable between foals, but was independent of the isolation procedures used. Whether the isolated cells represent true progenitor cells remains to be confirmed. Ongoing, flow cytometrical experiments showed that the isolated cells are CD29+ and CD44+, which may be indicative for their mesenchymal origin.
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Fletcher, Tamara L., Patrick T. Moss, and Steven W. Salisbury. "Foliar physiognomic climate estimates for the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) Lark Quarry fossil flora, central-western Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 61, no. 8 (2013): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13197.
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Although there is a broad knowledge of Cretaceous climate on a global scale, quantitative climate estimates for terrestrial localities are limited. One source of terrestrial palaeoproxies is foliar physiognomy. The use of foliar physiognomy to explore Cretaceous assemblages has been limited, and some of its potential sources of error have not been fully explored. Although museum collections house a wealth of material, collection bias toward particular taxa or preservation qualities of specimens further magnifies existing taphonomic bias to cold temperatures. As a result, specific collection for foliar physiognomy can be necessary. Here, we conduct three foliar physiognomic analyses on the early Late Cretaceous Lark Quarry flora and assess the results in the context of other proxies from the same formation. Our results suggest that the climate at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary in central western Queensland was warm and had high precipitation (leaf-area analysis: 1321 mm + 413 mm – 315 mm mean annual precipitation; leaf-margin analysis: 16.4°C mean annual temperature, 5.3°C binomial sample error; climate leaf-analysis multivariate program: 16 ± 2°C for mean annual temperature, 9-month growth season, 1073 ± 483 mm growth-season precipitation). Our analysis also gave higher mean annual temperature estimates than did a previous analysis by climate leaf-analysis multivariate program, based on museum collections for the Winton Formation.
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Lal, Renu B., Subhash K. Hira, Rita R. Dhawan, and Peter L. Perine. "Long-Term Preservation of Whole Blood Samples for Flow Cytometry Analysis in Normal and HIV-Infected Individuals from Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 1, no. 1 (January 1990): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249000100110.
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A whole blood method requiring less than 4 ml of heparinized blood was developed to assess the practicality of preparing whole blood samples that could be easily stored, transported and readily used to determine the lymphocyte phenotypes and proliferation responses of individuals from remote areas who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Minor modifications in standard whole blood procedure for lymphocyte phenotyping have significantly increased the stability of light scatter and fluorescence intensity of the cells for subsequent flow cytometry (FC) analysis. These changes include removal of lysis solution prior to fixation, fixation of monoclonal antibody-stained cells in 1% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes and storage of fixed samples in medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin. Lymphocyte subsets and their functional subsets could reliably be determined on samples stored for up to 4 weeks. Further, blood samples could be kept at room temperature for up to 96 hours or at ambient temperature during transportation from Africa before staining for FC without affecting their quantitation. While samples could be processed for FC analysis under field-laboratory conditions, proliferation assays could only be performed on samples that were transported within 48 hours of their collection. The whole blood method saves time and expense and decreases the volumes of blood required to perform phenotypic analysis and functional assays on specimens collected in remote areas.
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ELLIS, RYAN J. "Clarification of the type series of Amphibolurus barbatus microlepidotus Glauert, 1952 (= Pogona microlepidota) (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae)." Zootaxa 4457, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.12.
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Ludwig Glauert (1952, p. 168) established the name Amphibolurus barbatus microlepidotus (= Pogona microlepidota) for a new agamid species (family Agamidae) from the type locality of “Drysdale River Mission, North Kimberley”, Western Australia and listed two specimens of the Western Australian Museum (WAM) collected by “Rev. Father [Raymundus] Salinas” in July 1922 as “types”. The two registrations forming the type series presented by Glauert were WAM R591 and WAM R592, which in accordance with Article 72.1.1. of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (the Code; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999) are considered syntypes. The two registrations presented by Glauert in the original publication (WAM R591–592) are in error, both registrations are associated with specimens of other species not matching the description or collection data presented by Glauert in the original description of A. b. microlepidotus. The specimen associated with WAM R591 is a Pseudonaja affinis Günther, 1872 (Serpentes: Elapidae), collected by M. Sweeting from the suburb of Leederville in Perth, Western Australia and WAM R592 a specimen of Neelaps calonotus (Duméril, Bibron, & Duméril, 1854) (Serpentes: Elapidae) collected by C. Thomas from the Perth suburb of West Guildford (now Bassendean), Western Australia (Fig. 1). The P. affinis specimen (WAM R591) is purportedly a whole specimen stored in a 75% ethanol solution; however, extensive searches failed to locate the specimen in the WAM collection and it is presumed lost or disposed of. In the early half of the 20th century, large and easily identifiable specimens were sometimes disposed following identification, registration and collection of morphological data due to their preservation and storage difficulty (see Smith 1981). The N. calonotus specimen (WAM R592) is now an alizarin-stained body in a glycol solution with skin stored separately in 75% ethanol (Fig. 1). The erroneous registration numbers provided by Glauert technically placed the name A. b. microlepidotus into synonymy with either N. calonotus or P. affinis depending on lectotype selection.
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Peterson, David, Tracey Clark, Richard Sprod, Trudi Verrall, Louise English, and Amanda Thomson. "Bloody Good! The Impact of eLearning on Medical and Nursing Practice." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 10, no. 2 (November 9, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v10i2.7349.
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<p class="Abstract">Blood transfusion is a commonly-performed medical procedure that improves and saves the lives of patients. However, this procedure also has significant risks, is sometimes used inappropriately and has substantial costs associated with the collection, testing, processing and distribution of blood and blood products.</p><p class="Abstract">BloodSafe eLearning Australia (BEA) (<a href="/index.php/i-jac/author/saveSubmit/www.bloodsafelearning.org.au">www.bloodsafelearning.org.au</a>) is an education program for Australian doctors, nurses and midwives, designed to improve the safety and quality of clinical transfusion practice. Courses are interactive and include case studies, videos, and best-practice tips. Successful completion of a multiple-choice assessment provides learners with a certificate of completion. To date there are more than 400,000 registered learners, from more than 1500 organisations, who have completed more than 765,000 courses.</p><p class="Abstract">Stakeholder feedback shows that the program: provides credible, consistent education across Australia; is cost effective; reduces duplication; is ‘best-practice’ elearning that is readily accessible; allows institutions to focus on practical aspects of transfusion education; results in change to clinical practice; and supports the broader implementation of a blood management strategy in Australia.</p><p class="Abstract">User evaluation shows that the courses have a positive impact, with 89% of respondents stating they had gained additional knowledge of transfusion practice, processes and/or policy and more than 87% reporting they will make, or have made, changes to their work practices which will improve patient safety and outcomes.</p>The BloodSafe eLearning Australia program provides education to a large number of health professionals across Australia. Evaluation demonstrates that these courses provide users with a consistent and reliable knowledge base that translates into changes to practice and improved patient outcomes.
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Thé, Tama, Alison Curfman, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Ericka Hayes, and David Schnadower. "Pediatric Anaerobic Blood Culture Practices in Industrialized Countries." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2019): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/jalm.2018.027128.
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Abstract Background Routine anaerobic blood culture collection in febrile children is controversial, as clinicians try to account for the severe but relative infrequency of anaerobic bacteremia. Furthermore, clinical and laboratory practice variation among institutions may lead to potentially inaccurate epidemiological data. Our goal was to assess blood culture practices in pediatric patients throughout an international network of hospitals in industrialized countries. Methods We conducted a survey of current clinical and laboratory practice patterns in a convenience sample of international institutions participating in 6 pediatric emergency research networks in the US, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. A lead clinician at each institution queried institutional practices from the emergency department, pediatric intensive care unit, and oncology medical directors. The microbiology director at each institution completed the laboratory survey. Results Sixty-five of 160 (41%) invited institutions participated in the survey. Routine anaerobic blood cultures are collected in 30% of emergency departments, 30% of intensive care units, and 48% of oncology wards. Reasons for restricting anaerobic culture collection included concerns regarding blood volume (51%), low pretest probability (22%), and cost-effectiveness (16%). The most common reasons institutions allow for selectively obtaining anaerobic cultures are clinical suspicion (64%) and patients who are immunosuppressed (50%). The microbiology survey showed variation in systems, although most use the BACTEC™ culture system and MALDI-TOF for organism identification. Conclusions There is broad variation in anaerobic blood culture practices among a network of pediatric hospitals in industrialized countries.
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Md Shohag, Mohammad Raguib Munif, Mst Nargis Jahan, Md Mizanur Rahman, and Md Rafiqul Alam. "Haematobiochemical changes of ovine (Ovis aries) blood during storage for transfusion." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i1.46838.
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Haematobiochemical changes of ovine (sheep) blood were investigated during preservation and storage with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine-1 (CPDA-1) and Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) for transfusion. Twelve healthy sheep were selected and divided into two equal groups: group X (n=6) and group Y (n=6). Thirty-five ml of blood was collected from each animal and preserved with CPDA-1 in group X and ACD in group Y under 4°C in refrigerator for 28 days. Haematological changes viz., total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); and biochemical changes viz., total protein (TP) and pH were evaluated immediately after blood collection and thereafter on day-1, day-3, day-7, day-14, day-21 and day-28 for both groups. In ACD preserved blood; TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV decreased significantly (P<0.01) from day-14 onward, whereas in CPDA-1 preserved blood, these parameters decreased significantly (P<0.01) from day-21 onward. Blood preserved in ACD showed significant changes (P<0.01) in MCV, MCH and MCHC respectively from day- 7, day-14 and day-21 onward, whereas blood preserved in CPDA-1 showed no significant changes in the same parameters throughout the experiment. In both groups, no significant changes were noticed in TP but significant changes (P<0.01) were observed in pH with the progression of storage period. These findings elicited that both ACD and CPDA-1 exert certain haematobiochemical changes in stored sheep blood, however, CPDA-1 was more efficient than ACD in terms of maintaining proper levels of TEC, TLC, Hb., PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC during preservation and storage of sheep blood for transfusion.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 113-120, April 2020
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Lavoie, Suzie, Kelly Allott, Paul Amminger, Cali Bartholomeusz, Maximus Berger, Michael Breakspear, Anjali K. Henders, et al. "Harmonised collection of data in youth mental health: Towards large datasets." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419844322.
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Objective: The current international trend is to create large datasets with existing data and/or deposit newly collected data into repositories accessible to the scientific community. These practices lead to more efficient data sharing, better detection of small effects, modelling of confounders, establishment of sample generalizability and identification of differences between any given disorders. In Australia, to facilitate such data-sharing and collaborative opportunities, the Neurobiology in Youth Mental Health Partnership was created. This initiative brings together specialised researchers from around Australia to work towards a better understanding of the cross-diagnostic neurobiology of youth mental health and the translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. One of the mandates of the partnership was to develop a protocol for harmonised prospective collection of data across research centres in the field of youth mental health in order to create large datasets. Methods: Four key research modalities were identified: clinical assessments, brain imaging, neurocognitive assessment and collection of blood samples. This paper presents the consensus set of assessments/data collection that has been selected by experts in each domain. Conclusion: The use of this core set of data will facilitate the pooling of psychopathological and neurobiological data into large datasets allowing researchers to tackle important questions requiring very large numbers. The aspiration of this transdiagnostic approach is a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying mental illnesses.
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ANDREWS, N. J., and K. BLOOR. "Autologous blood collection in abdominal vascular surgery. Assessment of a low pressure blood salvage system with particular reference to the preservation of cellular elements, triglyceride, complement and bacterial content in the collected blood." Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 5, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.1983.tb00509.x.
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Novis, David A., Jane C. Dale, Ron B. Schifman, Stephen G. Ruby, and Molly K. Walsh. "Solitary Blood Cultures." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 1290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-1290-sbc.
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Abstract Objective.—To determine the frequency with which solitary blood culture samples were submitted to laboratories serving small hospitals and to ascertain whether certain hospital practices relating to the performance of blood cultures were associated with lower solitary blood culture rates (SBCRs). Design.—Participants in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes laboratory quality improvement program collected data prospectively on the numbers of solitary blood culture sets from adult patients submitted to their laboratories and answered questions about their institutions' practice characteristics relating to the collection of blood culture specimens. Setting and Participants.—Three hundred thirty-three public and private institutions with a median occupied bed size of 57. Participants were located in the United States (n = 329), Canada (n = 3), and Australia (n = 1). Main Outcome Measure.—The solitary blood culture rate was defined as the number of instances in which only 1 blood culture venipuncture was performed on an individual patient during a 24-hour period divided by the total number of blood culture venipunctures that were performed during the study period. Results.—Participants submitted data on 132 778 adult patient blood culture sets. The SBCRs were 3.4% or less in the top-performing 10% of participating institutions (90th percentile and above), 12.7% in the midrange of participating institutions (50th percentile), and 42.5% or more in the bottom-performing 10% of participating institutions (10th percentile and below). In half the participating institutions, the SBCRs for inpatients were 8.3% or less and for outpatients, 22% or less. Solitary blood culture rates were lower for institutions in which phlebotomists rather than nonphlebotomists routinely collected blood culture specimens, in which internal policies required drawing at least 2 blood culture sets, in which hospital personnel contacted clinicians when their laboratories received requests for solitary blood culture sets, and in which quality control programs monitored SBCRs routinely. Conclusions.—Hospitals can achieve SBCRs under 5%. Those hospitals with particularly high SBCRs may lower their rates by altering certain institutional practices.
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Lees, A. M., G. Wijffels, R. McCulloch, S. Stockwell, H. Owen, M. L. Sullivan, J. C. W. Olm, A. J. Cawdell-Smith, and J. B. Gaughan. "The influence of heat load on Merino sheep. 3. Cytokine and biochemistry profiles." Animal Production Science 60, no. 16 (2020): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19689.
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Context Approximately 2 million sheep are exported from Australia on live export voyages annually. As voyages travel from a southern hemisphere winter to a northern hemisphere summer, production and welfare issues associated with excessive heat load may arise. Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of sheep to incremental heat load under simulated live export conditions, specifically the influence of heat load on the metabolic and inflammatory status of sheep. Methods A total of 144 Merino wethers (44.02 ± 0.32 kg) were used in a 29-day climate controlled study using two cohorts of 72 sheep (n = 2), exposed to two treatments: (1) thermoneutral, and (2) hot. Sheep in the hot treatment were exposed to heat load simulated from live export voyages from Australia to the Middle East. Blood samples were collected from all sheep (n = 144) on Day 1, then at 7-day intervals (n = 5) for the duration of each 29-day period. Blood samples were analysed to determine the cytokine, biochemistry and haematology (data not presented here) profiles. Cytokine and biochemical profiles were analysed using a repeated measures model assuming a compound symmetry covariance. The model fitted included terms for cohort and treatment (hot, thermoneutral), and a term for sample collection day (day) and a treatment × day interaction. The subject factor corresponded to the cohort × treatment combinations. Key results There were no consistent trends in plasma cytokine and biochemical profiles. Bicarbonate was the only parameter that was influenced by cohort (P = 0.0035), treatment (P = 0.0025), collection (P = 0.0001) and treatment × collection (P = 0.0025). Furthermore, interleukin-6 and glutamate dehydrogenase were the only parameters that were not influenced by cohort (P > 0.295), treatment (P = 0.2567), collection (P > 0.06) or treatment × collection (P = 0.34). Conclusions Overall, these data highlight that the metabolic and inflammatory status of sheep exposed to incremental heat load, during a simulated live export voyage from a southern hemisphere winter to a northern hemisphere summer, were not markedly altered. Implications These results provide a preliminary evaluation of the inflammatory and metabolic status of sheep on arrival in the Middle East.
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POHL, Nyssa, Madeleine WARD, and Russell DALTON. "Duo-Stimulation is a Time and Cost-Effective Stimulation Method to Increase the Number of Usable Blastocysts and Ongoing Pregnancies." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222741169.
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Background: Duo-stimulation is an ART method whereby a patient undergoes two rounds of ovarian stimulation within a single menstrual cycle; a follicular phase stimulation (FPS) followed by a luteal phase stimulation (LFS) a . Previous studies have indicated that adoption of the duo-stimulation method increases the occurrence of at least one euploid blastocyst from 42% to 65.5% within a single ovarian cycle b . Additional benefits of the duo-stimulation method include both time taken to achieve similar results and, in Australia, cost a . Aim: To determine the efficacy of LPS oocyte collections, as part of a duo-stimulation cycle, in relation to; stimulation, egg collection and utilization parameters, as well as pregnancy outcomes from subsequent FET cycles. Method: A retrospective analysis of all LPS collections as part of a duo-stimulation cycle and subsequent FET cycles undertaken at Ballarat IVF between November 2016 and April 2021 was performed. Results: 129 duo-stimulation cycles were started, (FPS egg collection), with 118 of these progressing to a LPS collection. The average number of oocytes collected was similar with 4.8 eggs collected from FPS egg collections and 4.9 oocytes from LPS collections. Embryo utilization rates were increased in a LPS collection compared to an FPS collection, at 36.09 and 38.04 respectively. Ongoing pregnancy rates from subsequent FET cycles were also increased when embryos created from an LPS collection were transferred, 33.3% vs those created from an FPS cycle 30.6%. Conclusion: Egg collections performed after an LPS as part of a duo-stimulation cycle are a clinically effective method to procure more usable embryos in a short period of time. The duo-stimulation method will be of increasing benefit to those women of advanced maternal age, poor responders or undergoing fertility preservation for medical reasons. The biggest benefit to patients undergoing this method is cost related; when taking into account medicare rebates, undertaking two egg collections as part of a duo-stimulation cycle is a significantly more affordable option for patients in comparison to undertaking two subsequent stimulation cycles, with similar clinical outcomes.
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Ingram, Paul Robert, Benjamin A. Rogers, Hanna E. Sidjabat, Justine S. Gibson, and Timothy J. J. Inglis. "Co-selection may explain high rates of ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli from retail poultry reared without prior fluoroquinolone exposure." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.062729-0.
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Australia has never permitted fluoroquinolone use in food-producing animals. We examined local retail poultry for contamination with fluoroquinolone non-susceptible Escherichia coli, then explored the hypothesis that their presence may be due to co-selection of resistance determinants. Between August and November 2010, samples from 30 locally produced, uncooked retail poultry carcasses from four different processing centres underwent selective enrichment culture for ciprofloxacin non-susceptible E. coli. Their chromosomal- and plasmid-mediated resistance determinants were characterized, and phylogenetic analysis and transformation experiments were performed. Unexpectedly, we found nine (30 %) of our small collection of poultry samples carried fluoroquinolone non-susceptible E. coli of which nearly half possessed aac(6')-Ib-cr, a novel plasmid-mediated gene encoding an aminoglycoside acetylating enzyme that also confers fluoroquinolone resistance. All nine isolates were co-resistant to amoxicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole – all antibiotic classes that are registered for use in poultry reared for food production within Australia. Their unique phylogenetic relatedness suggested clonal dissemination driven by non-fluoroquinolone selective pressures. aac(6')-Ib-cr was successfully transformed and selected for using non-fluoroquinolone antibiotic pressure. Vertical and perhaps horizontal co-selection may be contributing to the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in poultry and could play a similar role in the human setting. This suggests that preservation of the usefulness of fluoroquinolones may require more than just restriction of their use in isolation from other interventions.
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Davis, Thomas A., and Fred Gage. "Maximal Cord Blood Recovery and CD34+ Progenitor Cell Collection Using Machine Pulsatile Perfusion of Placentas." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3643.3643.
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Abstract Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an attractive source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) because of greater availability, less stringent HLA matching requirements, and lower incidence and severity of GVHD. Currently, UCB transplant procedures in adults are limited by low collection volumes of total nucleated cells and CD34+ HSC. Approaches to ex vivo expand long-term engraftable HSC have been widely unsuccessful. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that infusion of a greater number of cells UCB cells enhances the rate of engraftment and lowers the risk of transplantation-related mortality. Machine pulsatile perfusion (MPP) has been successfully used to select cadaveric renal allografts for transplantation, to isolate human islets from pancreata and shown to be a useful cardiac preservation technique in canine heart transplant studies. In this study, the feasibility of using machine pulsatile perfusion to collect human UCB total nucleated cells and CD34+ HSCs was evaluated using placentas designated for research purposes. Immediately following delivery UCB (65 ± 15 mL, n=5) was first collected by needle aspiration from the umbilical cord vein in accordance with standard procedures then followed by MPP (~500 ml) of the placental arteries within 2–3 hours of delivery. Clinically total nucleated cells count (TNC), CD34+ cell numbers and myeloid, erythroid and multipotent CFU progenitor cell content of UCB units are used as predictive measurements of hematopoietic/engraftment potential. Low-density cells (<1.077 g/mL) were isolated by density centrifugation. The median number of viable low density cells obtained was 488 × 106 (range, 240–652 × 106), and 1541 × 106 (range, 888–1800 × 106) for UCB and MPP collections, respectively. MMP low density cell preparations contained significantly more mature segmented neutrophils with a low percentage (<0.1%) of sheared-off vessel wall endothelial cells. Both UCB and MPP low density cells collections showed similar number of assayable CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, CFU-M, and CFU-G progenitor cells. In contrast, MMP collected cells contained 2–3 times more erythroid BFU-E colonies than UCB collections. Equivalent numbers of CD34+ HSC were enumerated by FACS analysis and subsequently isolated by positive immunomagnetic MACS selection from MPP and UCB collections. Likewise, the progenitor cell content (CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, CFU-M, CFU-G and BFU-e) of the isolated CD34+ cell populations derived from each cell collection were very similar. These results demonstrate that pulsatile perfusion can be performed easily after traditional UCB collection procedures. This technique effectively recovers on average twice as many TNC and multilineage CD34+ HSC cells when compared to traditional UCB collection procedures. Altogether these results are particular promising since increased numbers of UCB HSC available for infusion should result in accelerated hematopoietic recovery. Moreover, the demonstrated enhanced HSC cell yield together with the simplicity of collection could potentially widen the clinical applicability of UCB transplants in adults.
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Bock, JL, B. Wenz, and RK Gupta. "Changes in intracellular Mg adenosine triphosphate and ionized Mg2+ during blood storage: detection by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Blood 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.6.1526.bloodjournal6561526.
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Abstract 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure changes in intra-erythrocyte Mg adenosine triphosphate (MgATP) and free Mg2+ during blood storage at 4 degrees C in standard citrate preservation media. The extent of Mg2+ complexation of ATP and the concentration of free Mg2+ were measured from the Mg2+-dependent chemical shift differences, at 22 degrees C, between the P beta and P alpha resonances of intracellular ATP. This difference changed from 721.0 +/- 1.4 Hz (mean +/- SE) on the day of collection to 741.0 +/- 3.4 Hz after three to seven days and 774.0 +/- 2.8 Hz after 11 to 40 days storage in either acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) or citrate-phosphate- dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1). Changes in intracellular pH, detected from shifts in the intracellular Pi resonance, averaged 0.27 units after 11 to 40 days of storage. These data indicate a sizable decrease in the extent of Mg2+ complexation of ATP, and a decrease by a factor of 2.6 in free Mg2+, during the shelf-life of blood stored in ACD or CPDA-1.
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Zhang, Nan, Jiayan Lei, Qing Liu, Wei Huang, Hua Xiao, and Han Lei. "The Effectiveness of Preoperative Trimetazidine on Myocardial Preservation in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cardiology 131, no. 2 (2015): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000375289.
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Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a key and effective surgical treatment modality for coronary artery disease. Unfortunately, ischemia-reperfusion injury during and after CABG can lead to reversible and irreversible myocardial damage. Trimetazidine [1-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine dihydrochloride] is a metabolic anti-ischemic agent with demonstrated cardioprotective effects; however, its effects with respect to myocardial preservation in CABG patients remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effectiveness of myocardial preservation of preoperative trimetazidine therapy in CABG patients by assessing the postoperative levels of several blood-based biochemical markers of myocardial injury, including creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-muscle and brain (CK-MB), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), troponin T (TnT) and troponin I (TnI). The RCTs were classified into two subgroup analyses by the timing of sample collection (either ≤12 or >12 h after CABG). Results: Six RCTs were finally included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect sizes showed significantly lower postoperative levels of CK, CK-MB, TnT and TnI in the trimetazidine-treated CABG patients relative to control CABG patients. However, there were no significant differences in the postoperative CPK levels between trimetazidine-treated CABG patients relative to control CABG patients. In both the ≤12 and >12 h post-CABG subgroup analyses, significant differences in CK, CK-MB, TnT and TnI were detected between the trimetazidine-treated CABG patients relative to control CABG patients. Conclusions: Preoperative trimetazidine therapy appears to have a positive effect on myocardial preservation in CABG patients.
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Chan-Cuzydlo, Alyssa, Dustin J. Harrison, Brian L. Pike, Bart J. Currie, Mark Mayo, Mark G. Salvador, William R. Hulsey, et al. "Cohort profile: a migratory cohort study of US Marines who train in Australia." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e050330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050330.
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PurposeIn 2012, US Marines and Sailors began annual deployments to Australia to participate in joint training exercises with the Australian Defence Force and other partners in the region. During their training, US service members are exposed to a variety of infectious disease threats not normally encountered by American citizens. This paper describes a cohort of US Marines and Sailors enrolled during five rotations to Australia between 2016 and 2020.ParticipantsStudy participation is strictly voluntary. Group informational sessions are held prior to deployment to describe the study structure and goals, as well as the infectious disease threats that participants may encounter while in Australia. All participants provided written informed consent. Consented participants complete a pre-deployment questionnaire to collect data including basic demographic information, military occupational specialty, travel history, family history, basic health status and personal habits such as alcohol consumption. Blood is collected for serum, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) processing. Data and specimen collection is repeated up to three times: before, during and after deployment.Findings to dateFrom the five rotations that comprised the 2016–2020 Marine Rotational Force-Darwin, we enrolled 1289 volunteers. Enrolments during this period were overwhelmingly white male under the age of 24 years. Most of the enrollees were junior enlisted and non-commissioned officers, with a smaller number of staff non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers, and minimal warrant officers. Over half of the enrollees had occupational specialty designations for infantry.Future plansIn the future, we will screen samples for serological evidence of infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei, Coxiella burnetii, Ross River virus, SARS-CoV-2 and other operationally relevant pathogens endemic in Australia. Antigenic stimulation assays will be performed on PBMCs collected from seropositive individuals to characterise the immune response to these infections in this healthy American population.
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Nesterovsky, V. A., A. I. Martyshyn, and A. M. Chupryna. "New biocenosis model of Vendian (Ediacaran) sedimentation basin of Podilia (Ukraine)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111835.
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The aim of this study is to fully research all aspects of the distribution, development, conditions of burial and preservation of the Ediacaran biocomplex. Thiswork summarizes and extends all data on the unique Vendian invertebrates that are distributed in the natural and artificial outcrops of the Dniester River Basin within Podilia (Ukraine). One of the basic locations of the annual observation was a quarry of rubble stone production near the Dniester hydroelectric station-1, Novodnistrovsk city, which exposes a continuous section of the deposits of the Lomoziv, Yampil, Lyadova and Bernashivka Beds lying on a crystalline basement. This paper shows the outcomes of long-term fieldwork of the Upper Ediacaran which include deposits of the Mogyliv-Podilsky and Kanylivka Group. The researched section is characterized by its clastic composition and the absence of carbonate formations. The basic paleontological collection has more than two thousand specimens, for instance, the imprints of molluscous fauna, traces of their live activity, the remains of flora and fossils of a problematic nature. The most numerous and informative collection of these fossils is located in the stock of the Geological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The collection contains unique material, including a number of Ediacaran fossils described for the first time. On the whole within Podilia region, more than 100 species have been described in detail. The main areas of biota accumulation in the outcrops are associated with argillites, argillite-siltstones and their contact with sandstones. The best preservation of the imprints is detected in the boundary of facial transitions. Research has revealed that there is a decrease in the numerical and species composition of the molluscous biota, and the dynamic increase in evolution of burrowing organisms and plants within the Podilia Basin during the late Vendian. Such a phenomenon led to an environmental change, increase in oxygen and appearance of new groups of organisms that were subsequently displaced invertebrates. This occurred at the Precambrian/Cambrian transition, and in the geological literature is described as the «Cambrian explosion». Studies have found that the total number of taxonomic composition of the Eidacaran in Podilia is similar to the orictocoenosis of Southern Australia and the White Sea. Nevertheless, the Podilia biocomplex is more ancient than the Southern Australian and the White Sea, it is much younger than the Avallonian.
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Abendschein, D. R., H. L. Fontanet, and R. Nohara. "Optimized preservation of isoforms of creatine kinase MM isoenzyme in plasma specimens and their rapid quantification by semi-automated chromatofocusing." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.5.723.
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Abstract We report a convenient chromatofocusing procedure for rapid and sensitive quantification of isoforms of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) in plasma and efficient methods for preserving isoform profiles during handling of specimens. The assay involves use of prepacked, re-usable Mono P chromatofocusing columns and a "Fast Protein Liquid Chromatograph" (FPLC) system with on-line detection of isoform enzymatic activity in column effluent. Profiles of isoforms are analyzed within 25 min with the use of a 1-mL column; the lower limit of sensitivity for CK activity is 5 mU, and recovery of each isoform is within 1% of the amount added to plasma. Collection of blood specimens in Vacutainer Tubes containing 28.5 mumol of EDTA (final concentration in plasma, 7 to 10 mmol/L) inhibited carboxypeptidase activity in plasma by 76%, sufficient to essentially abolish isoform conversion in vitro at room temperature. These methods should facilitate applications of isoform analysis for diagnosis of myocardial infarction and coronary artery recanalization.
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Teare, Sheldon, and Danielle Measday. "Pyrite Rehousing – Recent Case Studies at Two Australian Museums." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26343.
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Two major collecting institutions in Australia, the Australian Museum (Sydney) and Museums Victoria (Melbourne), are currently undertaking large-scale anoxic rehousing projects in their collections to control conservation issues caused by pyrite oxidation. This paper will highlight the successes and challenges of the rehousing projects at both institutions, which have collaborated on developing strategies to mitigate loss to their collections. In 2017, Museums Victoria Conservation undertook a survey with an Oxybaby M+ Gas Analyser to assess the oxygen levels in all their existing anoxic microclimates before launching a program to replace failed microclimates and expand the number of specimens housed in anoxic storage. This project included a literature review of current conservation materials and techniques associated with anoxic storage, and informed the selection of the RP System oxygen scavenger and Escal Neo barrier film from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company as the best-practice products to use for this application. Conservation at the Australian Museum in Sydney was notified of wide-scale pyrite decay in the Palaeontology and Mineral collections. It was noted that many of the old high-barrier film enclosures, done more than ten years ago, were showing signs of failing. None of the Palaeontology specimens had ever been placed in microclimates. After consultation with Museums Victoria and Collection staff, a similar pathway used by Museums Victoria was adopted. Because of the scale of the rehousing project, standardized custom boxes were made, making the construction of hundreds of boxes easier. It is hoped that new products, like the tube-style Escal film, will extend the life of this rehousing project. Enclosures are being tested at the Australian Museum with a digital oxygen meter. Pyrite rehousing projects highlight the loss of Collection materials and data brought about by the inherent properties of some specimens. The steps undertaken to mitigate or reduce the levels of corrosion are linked to the preservation of both the specimens and the data kept with them (paper labels). These projects benefited from the collaboration of Natural Sciences conservators in Australia with Geosciences collections staff. Natural Science is a relatively recent specialization for the Australian conservation profession and it is important to build resources and capacity for conservators to care for these collections. This applied knowledge has already been passed on to other regions in Australia.
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Bedrov, A. Ya, A. A. Moiseev, A. V. Belozertseva, A. N. Morozov, G. G. Khubulava, Yu A. Pugachenko, and A. V. Baykova. "The patency of internal iliac arteries and its role in the development of buttock claudication syndrome in the remote period after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 178, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2019-178-4-34-41.
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The OBJECTIVE was to study the patency of the internal iliac artery and its effect to gluteus muscles blood supply and frequency of buttock claudication occurrence in the remote period after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Examination of 37 patients after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair included collection of complaints, anamnesis, making CT scan with contrast and pelvic perfusion tomography. These methods allowed to assess the patency of the prosthesis and iliac arteries, calculate average blood flow rate in buttock muscles and frequency of buttock claudication occurrence depending on the lesion of the internal iliac arteries. RESULTS. Five-year patency of the internal iliac artery was 93 %. In case of passable internal iliac artery, the average blood flow rate in the ipsilateral buttock muscles was authentically higher than the same indicator in groups with stenotic or occlusive lesion of the internal iliac artery and its branches. In case of the disturbed internal iliac artery patency, the frequency of occurrence of the buttock claudication in the same side reached 50 %. CONCLUSION. High five-year internal iliac artery patency after open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair attested the necessity of preservation the main blood flow in these arteries during the open infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair for the purpose of buttock claudication prevention. The CT scan allowed to evaluate the internal iliac artery patency and the average blood flow rate in the buttock muscles through perfusion tomography method which was necessary for differential diagnosis of the buttock claudication syndrome.
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Shalabaev, B. A., and S. Berdiakhmetkyzy. "Exploration of ways to preserve the collection strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum in an out-of-body." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 138, no. 1 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-138-1-29-37.
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The article discusses results of the research work carried out at the Kazakh Veterinary Research Institute to consider the methods of storage and maintenance of the stored collection strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum in artificial nutrient media or at low temperatures (liquid nitrogen -196 0C). During storage, it is important that the strain fully preserves their growth, morphological, biological, toxic, antigenic and pathogenic properties. A diagnostic drug of high sensitivity and specificity is prepared from a strain that has completely preserved its properties.Breeding stallions and mares that have had trypanosomiasis are not amenable to treatment. Of great importance is the diagnosticum used for the examination of animals to prevent the disease. The collection strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum used in practice is stored only in a living organism, that is, in the body of laboratory animals (white mouse, rat and guinea pig). In this regard, the search for alternative ways of its development and storage is an urgent task. The conducted scientific studies on the preservation of viruses and bacteria in various nutrient media and at low temperatures (-196 oC) are found in literary sources.For the first time, we conducted a study of ways to preserve the Тrypanosoma equiperdum strain outside of a living organism (laboratory animals). Blood parasites of Тrypanosoma equiperdum were first isolated from the genital tract of a sick mare, which were initially transmitted to a rabbit by vaccination in several stages in order to adapt to them a white mouse, rat, guinea pig. Currently, this strain of trypanosomes is stored in the laboratory of parasitology of Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute. The strain of Тrypanosoma equiperdum is very intolerant to the external environment, it does not form spore capsules. A sample of blood parasites from an infected mouse is inactivated within 1.5-2 hours, that is, it dies, so it is scientifically important to find ways to preserve it outside the body.
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McGinness, Heather M., Anthony D. Arthur, Keith A. Ward, and Paula A. Ward. "Floodplain amphibian abundance: responses to flooding and habitat type in Barmah Forest, Murray River, Australia." Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13224.
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Context Frog species are now targets for delivery of high-value managed environmental flows on floodplains. Information on the drivers of frog presence and abundance is required to support adaptive management, including analysis of the roles of flood frequency, flood timing and habitat type. Aims This paper describes frog species richness and abundance responses to flooding and habitat type in the Barmah Forest, part of the largest river red gum forest in the world. Methods Surveys were conducted at 22 sites over 6 years, to determine species presence, relative abundance, and evidence of breeding. Data were then used to examine temporal patterns within and between wet and dry years and spatial relationships with site geomorphology, vegetation form and wetting frequency. Key results Six species were common and widespread, and three were rare. The seasonal timing of peak numbers of calling males differed among species. The seasonal pattern of calling for each species did not differ between wet and dry years; however, significantly lower numbers of frogs were recorded calling in dry years. The number of frogs calling was significantly higher in well vegetated grassy wetlands. Evidence of a positive relationship between wetting frequency and numbers of calling males was found for Limnodynastes fletcheri, Crinia signifera and Limnodynastes dumerilii. The abundance of tadpoles was significantly higher in wet years. Conclusions The seasonal timing of flooding in Barmah Forest will influence the breeding success of individual species with different preferences. Flooding from September to December is required to cover most preferred breeding seasons, but longer durations may be required to maximise recruitment. This, together with regular flooding of well vegetated grassy wetland habitat, will increase the likelihood of species persistence and maximise diversity. Insufficient flooding frequency will result in reduced frog species richness and abundance. Implications Managed flooding is important for frog abundance and species richness. This study emphasises the value of key habitats such as well vegetated grassy wetlands and reinforces the need to make their preservation a priority for management. It has identified knowledge gaps to drive future data collection for improved modelling, including a need for further research on flow-regime change and frog communities.
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Vuong, Kim A., Silvia Manzanero, Jacobus P. J. Ungerer, Gary Mitchell, Brett McWhinney, Kirsten Vallmuur, Jacelle Warren, et al. "Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption in Emergency department presentations (PACE) in Queensland, Australia, using alcohol biomarkers ethanol and phosphatidylethanol: an observational study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e047887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047887.
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IntroductionAlcohol use in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is a significant problem in many countries. There is a need for valid and reliable surveillance of the prevalence of alcohol use in patients presenting to the ED, to provide a more complete picture of the risk factors and inform targeted public health interventions. This PACE study will use two biomarkers, blood ethanol and phosphatidylethanol (PEth), to determine the patterns, presence and level of alcohol use in patients presenting to an Australian ED.Methods and analysisThis is an observational prevalence study involving the secondary use of routinely collected blood samples from patients presenting to the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) Emergency and Trauma Centre (ETC). Samples will be tested for acute and medium-term alcohol intake using the two biomarkers blood ethanol and PEth respectively, over one collection period of 10–12 days. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, SD, medians and IQRs, will be used to describe the prevalence, pattern and distribution of acute and medium-term alcohol intake in the study sample. The correlation between acute and medium-term alcohol intake levels will also be examined.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the RBWH Human Research Ethics Committee (reference, LNR/2019/QRBW/56859). Findings will be disseminated to key stakeholders such as RBWH ETC, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Statewide Clinical Networks, and used to inform clinicians and hospital services. Findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at appropriate conferences.
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Brownrigg, Emma, Debbie Carr, Michael C. Copeman, Kim Creighton, Catherine Demasi, Julie Domanski, Susan Harrison, et al. "Twenty Units of Blood and Counting." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4667.4667.
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Abstract Iron overload is a condition seen in patients who have received multiple packed red cell transfusions. Generally, patients who have received >20 transfused units will be at risk. Currently in Australia there is no universal method of tracking the number of transfusions a patient has received, and a cumulative figure requires manual calculation. Therefore, identification of at-risk patients is not straightforward. Aim: Firstly, to review the primary diagnosis of transfused patients in haematology day units. Secondly, to quantify number of transfusions received and serum ferritin levels of transfused patients. Thirdly, to review the use of iron chelation in these patients and document potential reasons for non-chelation including co-morbidities and concomitant medications. Method: Medical records for outpatients transfused during the 12-week index period (12 consecutive weeks from Human Research and Ethics Commitee/institution approval) were reviewed in this retrospective multicentre audit. Data were captured using a piloted data collection form. Non-parametric statistical test have been used. Results: To date, 237 patients, aged 0–95 have been reviewed from 10/20 centres. Common underlying conditions necessitating transfusion were: MDS(35%), chemotherapy-induced anaemia(21%) and thalassaemia(14%). The medical record of 26% patients indicated that transfusions had also been given elsewhere. In total, 119 had received >20units, 58(49%) had been prescribed chelation therapy. Fourteen patients who had received >20units had no documented serum ferritin. Patients receiving iron chelation were younger (median 42 cf.73 years, p=0.0004), had received more transfusions(median 60 cf.18, p<0.0001) and more units(median 187 cf.37, p<0.0001). There was no difference in number of concurrent medical conditions(p=0.73) or concomitant medications(p=0.14). Life expectancy was documented for 6 patients only, 3 were chelated. Conclusion: There is variability in the monitoring and treatment of iron overload in Australian hospitals, with not all at-risk patients receiving chelation. The development and implementation of universal tracking tools for transfusion nurses and patients may be one means of improving identification of at-risk patients.
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Faraj, Kharman, Samera Abdullah, and Sameen Muhammad. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF GAMMA RAYS AND ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATION ON HUMAN RBCS FOR CONSERVATION PURPOSE." Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22578/ijms.17.1.8.
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Background: Blood preservation and the development of sterile collection sets made possible the developments in blood components preparation, storage and transfusion that we have in today's blood banks and transfusion services. Objective: To investigate the effects of gamma irradiation, ascorbic acid and the combined effect of both on the lifespan of erythrocytes through determining red blood cells hemolysis for conserving it as long as possible without any change in erythrocytes biophysical properties. Methods: The blood was drawn from 10 healthy (5 males and 5 females) volunteers. Sample has been irradiated using 137Cs source. Different concentrations of ascorbic acid were used as an anti-oxidative agent for erythrocytes in blood suspension samples. A spectrometer was used for recording the data. Results: The results showed that 25% of RBCs hemolysis occurred after irradiation with 5Gy of gamma ray during 5th week of storage time while in un-irradiated sample 33.8% of RBCs hemolysis occurred during the 5th week. 25% of RBCs hemolysis for 10 μM of ascorbic acid concentration started after 7th week while for control started after 4th week. The minimum rates of RBCs hemolysis observed in the samples which pre-treated with (7 and 10) μM concentrations of ascorbic acid then irradiated with 1 Gy. Conclusion: The results indicated that irradiation of human blood with a certain doses of gamma ray, treated with small concentration of ascorbic acid or both, the two factors together can protect the blood from hemolysis for a longer time and the minimum rate of red blood cells hemolysis was observed for 10 μM ascorbic acid concentration then irradiation to 1 Gy of gamma ray. Keywords: Gamma ray, ascorbic acid, blood storage, red blood cells, oxidative damage Citation: Faraj KA, Abdullah SH, Muhammad SF. Effects of different doses of gamma rays and ascorbic acid concentration on human RBCs for conservation purpose. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(1): 50-56. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.1.8
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Klamer, Guy, Jessica Sue, Kap-Hyoun Ko, Annette Trickett, Phillip Johnson, and Ngaire Elwood. "Abstract 26 HLA Analysis of the Australian Cord Blood Banks: How Diverse Are Donors?" Stem Cells Translational Medicine 11, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2022): S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/stcltm/szac057.026.
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Abstract Introduction The network of public cord blood banks (CBB) in Australia, known as AusCord, is comprised of CBB located in Brisbane, Sydney, and Melbourne. The network stores almost 37,000 cord blood units (CBU) and has released more than 1,300 for transplantation. Objective The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the relative diversity of HLA allele subtypes, tissue types, and haplotypes at each of the banks and between the banks and (2) to identify common tissue types and haplotypes that could be utilized for clinical research and development of third party cell therapy products. Methods HLA data was obtained for 36,782 CBU stored in the AusCord inventory. To standardize data format, high-resolution typing was converted to 2-digit typing. HLA allele subtypes were ranked from most to least common. A subset of Indigenous Australian and Pacific Islander HLA allele subtypes was interrogated to determine whether increased frequency correlated with declared ethnicity. Tissue types were separated into CBU that had HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DRB1 typing (21,815 total) and CBU that did not have HLA-C typing (36,782 total). CBU tissue types were interrogated in 3 separate groups: searchable, searched, and released inventory. Haplotypes were confirmed where maternal typing was available (3,105 CBU). Results Ethnicity screening for donors and strategic location of collection sites servicing ethnic minority communities resulted in banking of Indigenous Australian and Pacific Islander HLA. At a bank and network level, there was a similar frequency of specific HLA subtypes; however, when considering the tissue types, there was vast diversity (~75% unique with 8 allele typing). Whilst there is diversity, there was also a fraction of the inventory that exhibited repetitive tissue types that could be utilized for clinical research. Discussion The study demonstrates that cord blood collections are able to boost storage of diverse tissue types in, and unique to, a multicultural population such as Australia. This finding can guide policy development and funding, as well as operational decisions at the CBB. Furthermore, CBB are well positioned to support research and development activity aimed at discovery of new applications for cord blood units through supply of GMP grade cryopreserved products exhibiting common tissue types and haplotypes.
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McAleer, John. "‘The troubles of collecting’: William Henry Harvey and the practicalities of natural-history collecting in Britain's nineteenth-century world." British Journal for the History of Science 55, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087421000704.
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AbstractIn recent decades, historians have become increasingly interested in the logistical challenges and difficulties encountered by those responsible for the collection, preservation and safe transport of specimens from the field to the museum or laboratory. This article builds on this trend by looking beyond apparent successes to consider the practices and practicalities of shipboard travel and maritime and coastal collecting activities. The discussion focuses on the example of William Henry Harvey, who travelled to Australia in pursuit of cryptogams – non-flowering plants like mosses, lichens and algae – in 1853. In his private correspondence to family and friends, Harvey offered insights into the challenges and obstacles faced by all collectors in the period. His experiences were fundamentally shaped by the material culture, embodied knowledge and physical constraints he encountered on the way. On one level, shipboard and onshore collecting activities were facilitated by the connections forged by new technologies and Britain's global empire. But they also depended on specific contexts and relied on local agents and actors, as well as on the physical and technical facilities (and limitations) of those doing the collecting. The examples of Harvey and others shed light on the real, ‘lived’ experiences of individual collectors, the difficulties and challenges they encountered in amassing their collections, and the networks of people on which they relied.
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Petrova, Kristina A., and Maria B. Mednikova. "A possible case of oncological disease of an individual of the Golden Horde time (based on the materials of the excavations of the Natukhaevskoye 5 burial ground)." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2022.2.107-114.
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Introduction. When examining the osteological collection, which came from the excavations of the Natukhaevskoye 5 mediaeval burial ground in the Krasnodar Region, the skeleton of a young man was found from a ground burial of the 14th century. The purpose of the study was to consider, within the framework of differential diagnosis, the possible cause of pathological changes found on this skeleton. Materials and methods. Identification and description of the state of preservation of the skeletal remains were carried out in accordance with the standards for adult and juvenile osteology. Pathologically altered bone fragments were studied using microfocus radiography. Results. The preservation of the bones is fragmentary; there are large and small fragments of the cranial vault and different parts of the skeleton of male, 16-20 years old. Indicators of physiological stress (multiple enamel hypoplasia, Cribra orbitalia) and consequences of systemic pathology were identified. Visual and radiographic examination of the cranial vault revealed through and non-through defects up to 5 mm in diameter with both rounded and uneven edges. Most lytic damages were observed on the frontal bone and on a fragment of the parietal. The radiograph shows that the formation of foci of destruction is associated with the development of a network of small and large blood vessels. In the diaphysis of large tubular bones, hypertrophied development of the spongy substance is observed. Discussion. The most common paleo-oncological diagnoses are metastatic carcinoma and multiple myeloma, in this case unlikely due to the young age of the individual and the morphological pattern of the defect margins. In paleopathology, there are known cases of lymphocytic leukemia with a peak in children aged 2–5 years. Conclusion. Multiple lesions of the skull bones testify in favor of the diagnosis of metastatic cancer in a young man buried in the Natukhaevskoye-5 burial ground. Although the poor preservation of the remains prevents a more accurate diagnosis, there is evidence to suggest a hematogenous cause of oncology.