Academic literature on the topic 'Blood cholesterol China Hong Kong'

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Journal articles on the topic "Blood cholesterol China Hong Kong"

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Mao, Fan, Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, Yunning Liu, Jianqun Dong, Shiwei Liu, Lijun Wang, et al. "Social and spatial inequalities in allostatic load among adults in China: a multilevel longitudinal study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e031366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031366.

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ObjectivesTo investigate potential geographical and socioeconomic patterning of allostatic load (AL) in China.DesignMultilevel longitudinal study of the 2010 Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance linked to the National Death Surveillance up to 31 December 2015.SettingAll 31 provinces in China, not including Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan.Participants96 466 ≥ 18 years old (women=54.3%).ExposuresPerson-level educational attainment and mean years of education in counties.OutcomeAL was measured using clinical guidelines for nine biomarkers: body mass index; waist circumference; systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure; fasting blood glucose; total cholesterol; triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsMultilevel logistic regressions adjusted for sex, age, marital status, person-level education, county mean years of education and urban/rural reported ORs of 1.22 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.38) for 5-year all-cause mortality (n=3284) and 1.20 (1.04–1.37) for deaths from non-communicable diseases (n=2891) among people in AL quintile 5 (high) compared with quintile 1 (low). The median rate ratio estimated from unadjusted multilevel negative binomial regression showed AL clustered geographically (province=1.14; county=1.12; town=1.11; village=1.14). After adjusting for aforementioned confounders, AL remained higher with age (rate ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.02), higher in women compared with men (1.17, 1.15 to 1.19), lower among singletons (0.83, 0.81 to 0.85) and widowers (0.96, 0.94 to 0.98). AL was lower among people with university-level compared with no education (0.92, 0.89 to 0.96), but higher in counties with higher mean education years (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05). A two-way interaction suggested AL was higher (1.04, 1.02 to 1.06) among those with university-level compared with no education within counties with higher mean years of education. Similar results were observed for alternative constructions of AL using 75th and 80th percentile cut-points.ConclusionsAL in China is patterned geographically. The degree of association between AL and person-level education seems to be dependent on area-level education, which may be a proxy for other contextual factors that warrant investigation.
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Cheng, Vincent C. C., Siddharth Sridhar, Shuk-Ching Wong, Sally C. Y. Wong, Jasper F. W. Chan, Cyril C. Y. Yip, Chi-Hung Chau, et al. "Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmitted Via Blood Transfusion, Hong Kong, China." Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2401.171297.

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Ching, Frank. "Nationality vs ethnic identity." Asian Education and Development Studies 7, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-09-2017-0095.

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Purpose As far as governments are concerned, it is the nationality of a person, usually reflected in a passport, that shows whether the government has a duty to protect that individual and whether the person owes obligations to the state. Hong Kong is unusual in that for many people there, passports are primarily seen as documents that offer safety and security. It is not unusual for people to possess two or more passports. The purpose of this paper is to examine attitudes toward passports on the part of Hong Kong people, formed by their unique experience. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes key documents, such as China’s Nationality Law and a little known document, “Explanations of Some Questions by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Concerning the Implementation of the Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.” The paper also looks at the Loh case of August 2016, involving a Canadian man who wanted a Hong Kong passport for his 11-year-old Canadian-born son, and the Patrick Tse case, where Hong Kong tried to strip a teenager who possessed German nationality of his Hong Kong passport. Findings The convenience of travel to China with a Home Return Permit seems to outweigh any sense of loyalty to an adopted country in the west, or the realization that the use of a document identifying its holder as a Chinese national means that she/he would not have any consular protection. It is also ironical that the Hong Kong Government should maintain the difference between nationality and ethnicity at a time when the Chinese Government is doing the very opposite, playing down the status of nationality while magnifying the importance of so-called “Chinese blood.” Originality/value This paper examines a topic that has not been widely studied but is likely to become more important in the years to come as China’s impact on the rest of the world increases. The nationality status of ethnic Chinese will increasingly become an issue as the flow of travel between China and other countries rises and Chinese immigrants continue to take up foreign nationality. While this issue is of special importance to Hong Kong, its impact will extend to countries around the world, in fact, to wherever Chinese persons are to be found.
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CHUNG, Pak Kwong. "Study on Health and Physical Fitness for Office Workers in Hong Kong: Phase I." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 2, no. 2 (December 1, 1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.21177.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.The study consisted of two phases: Phase I was designed to investigate the health status and physical fitness levels of office workers and phase II was conducted to examine the training effects of a circuit training on health and physical fitness of the workers. In phase I, health and stress inventories (Pace of Life Index, General Well-Being Scale, and Bacek Sports Questionnaire), health indices (blood total cholesterol, blood pressure, lung capacity, and resting heart rate), and physical fitness assessment (bicycle ergometer test; skinfold measurement, sit-ups test; grip strength test; and sit and reach test) were conducted to 171 (112 males & 59 females, aged 30-49) office workers from 22 local corporations. From Descriptive Statistics analyses, it was found that the overall health status and stress level of the office workers were at acceptable levels. However, the lung capacity of the workers was in the category of "fair". The total cholesterol level of the male 40-year old group was found higher than the optimal level. Most of the fitness indices of the workers were in categories of "average" or "fair" when comparing with that of the general population of U.S.A. The Correlation analyses shown that the female workers, with higher regular physical activity hours, had fewer incidents of low-back pain and lower resting heart rates. It was also found that the lower the percent body fat, the lower the systolic blood pressure and the better the cardiorespiratory endurance. Similar correlations were found in the male workers: the better the cardiorespiratory endurance, the lower the resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure for the workers. Researchers indicated that workers with higher levels of physical fitness would have higher working ability and productivity, it was suggested that local office workers should give priority to regular physical activity. Activities such as aerobic exercises, calisthenics, stretching, and muscular training should be included in the exercise programmes so that a total fitness can be developed.
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Billah, Md Baki. "Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 1 (September 25, 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v5i1.29740.

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Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) can be absorbed on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and used as stain, water and grease repellent in a wide range of consumer products. Among the PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro octanoic acid (PFOA) are widely detected in human blood and serum and are of concern due to their potential toxicity. In the present experiment, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from some northern (Beijing, Xian) and southern (Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Xiamen) cities of China were collected and analyzed for perfluoro butanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoro hexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoro octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro nonanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoro decanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoro undecanoic acid (PFUdA), perfluoro dodecanoic acid (PFDoA), perfluoro hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluoro octanesulfonate (PFOS) using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The total PFCs ranged from 121.2 to 192.2pg/m3, leading by Guangzhou followed by Xian, Beijing, Xiamen and Hong Koung. Among the nine measured PFCs compounds, the level of PFHxS was below the limit of detection in all the sampling cities. The other eight PFCs (PFOS, PFDoA, PFUdA, PFDA, PFNA, PFOA, PFHxA and PFBA) were detected in all the sampling locations except PFDoA in Hong Kong samples. Human exposure estimated to PFCs for adults showed PFOS as the dominant inhaled compound representing 1.59, 1.15, 1.0 and 1.0 ng/day exposure for Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Beijing and Xian respectively. Results from this study contribute to our understanding of exposure pathways of PFCs to humans.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 21-27, 2016 (June)
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Yu, Esther Yee Tak, Caitlin Hon Ning Yeung, Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Eric Ho Man Tang, Carlos King Ho Wong, Bernard Man Yung Cheung, and Cindy Lo Kuen Lam. "Association between health behaviours and cardiometabolic dysregulation: a population-based survey among healthy adults in Hong Kong." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e043503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043503.

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ObjectiveTo explore the association between cardiometabolic dysregulation, an integral component of allostatic load, and health risk behaviours (HRBs) of the Hong Kong healthy adult population.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional anonymous data.SettingData on sociodemographics, self-reported health status, HRBs and biomarkers were extracted from the Hong Kong Population Health Survey 2014/2015.ParticipantsOne thousand five hundred and fifty-one participants aged 18–64 years without self-reported diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment or cancer.Primary outcome measuresCardiometabolic dysregulation index (CMDI), ranging from 0 to 6, was calculated by counting the number of biomarkers including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist to hip ratio, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides that were above the respective normal level suggested by international guidelines and literature. HRBs including smoking, dietary habits and sleeping hours were collected by self-report questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was assessed by the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, while physical activity level was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A composite HRB score, ranging from 0 to 5, was calculated as the cumulative number of HRBs. The effect of HRB on CMDI was evaluated by negative binomial regression with adjustment for socioeconomic status, health awareness and comorbidities of the participants.ResultsThe mean CMDI of the studied population was 1.6; 29.5% had a CMDI of 0, whereas 1.5% had a CMDI of 6. Significant difference was observed in mean CMDI between gender and different age groups. Sleeping less than 6 hours (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.26, p<0.001), smoking (IRR=1.15, p=0.027), insufficient physical activity (IRR=1.12, p=0.007) and higher composite HRB score (IRR=1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18) were significantly associated with higher CMDI.ConclusionSmoking, physical inactivity and inadequate sleep—an essential yet often overlooked health behaviour—were associated with higher CMDI in the Hong Kong healthy adult population.
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Kwong, Ava, Candy P. Leung, Vivian Y. Shin, and Enders K. O. Ng. "No Evidence of Human Papillomavirus in Patients with Breast Cancer in Hong Kong, Southern China." ISRN Virology 2013 (September 19, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/546503.

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Several studies have suggested that viral oncogenesis is one of the etiologic factors of breast cancer, while others are provocative, however, their association remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is present in the blood and tissue samples of breast cancer patients in Hong Kong. A total of 102 patients with breast tumour tissues and adjacent normal tissues were available and recruited unselectively. Both DNA and RNA were extracted from those samples, and real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect HPV-16, with 18 sequences targeting the E6 and L1 regions. Results showed that HPV DNA sequences were absent in all the blood and breast tissues. These data argue against the role of oncogenic HPV in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Additional lines of evidence need to be obtained in order to assess the possibility of breast cancer prevention using HPV vaccines.
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Xu, Dan, Yanyao Wu, Chong Gao, Yan Qin, Xiangcong Zhao, Zhaojun Liang, Yanlin Wang, et al. "Characteristics of and reference ranges for peripheral blood lymphocytes and CD4+ T cell subsets in healthy adults in Shanxi Province, North China." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 7 (July 2020): 030006052091314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520913149.

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Objective To guide clinical decision making, race-, age- and gender-specific reference ranges for lymphocytes and CD4+ T-cell subsets are required. Methods Single platform flow cytometry to determine reference intervals for lymphocyte subpopulations and CD4+ T-cell subsets in 196 healthy Han Chinese adults. Results The frequencies and absolute numbers of B cells were slightly lower in Han Chinese individuals of the Shanxi region than in individuals from Hong Kong, Germany and Singapore, while percentages and absolute numbers of NK cells were slightly higher compared with individuals from Hong Kong. CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios, CD4+ T cell percentages and Th2 cell counts were higher, while frequencies and numbers of CD8+ T cells, numbers of NK cells and percentages of Th1 cells were lower, in females compared with males. CD4+ T cell percentages, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios, numbers of CD8+ T cells and Treg cells, and Th17/Treg cell ratios differed by age. Conclusion We established lymphocyte and CD4+ T-cell subset reference intervals for healthy Han Chinese adults of the Shanxi region. Ethnicity, gender and age affected lymphocyte subset composition.
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Lee, Sharen, Jiandong Zhou, Keith Sai Kit Leung, William Ka Kei Wu, Wing Tak Wong, Tong Liu, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Kamalan Jeevaratnam, Qingpeng Zhang, and Gary Tse. "Development of a predictive risk model for all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes in Hong Kong." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (June 2021): e001950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001950.

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IntroductionPatients with diabetes mellitus are risk of premature death. In this study, we developed a machine learning-driven predictive risk model for all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using multiparametric approach with data from different domains.Research design and methodsThis study used territory-wide data of patients with type 2 diabetes attending public hospitals or their associated ambulatory/outpatient facilities in Hong Kong between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality. The association of risk variables and all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Machine and deep learning approaches were used to improve overall survival prediction and were evaluated with fivefold cross validation method.ResultsA total of 273 678 patients (mean age: 65.4±12.7 years, male: 48.2%, median follow-up: 142 (IQR=106–142) months) were included, with 91 155 deaths occurring on follow-up (33.3%; annualized mortality rate: 3.4%/year; 2.7 million patient-years). Multivariate Cox regression found the following significant predictors of all-cause mortality: age, male gender, baseline comorbidities, anemia, mean values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG), measures of variability of both HbA1c and FBG. The above parameters were incorporated into a score-based predictive risk model that had a c-statistic of 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.77), which was improved to 0.86 (0.81 to 0.90) and 0.87 (0.84 to 0.91) using random survival forests and deep survival learning models, respectively.ConclusionsA multiparametric model incorporating variables from different domains predicted all-cause mortality accurately in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The predictive and modeling capabilities of machine/deep learning survival analysis achieved more accurate predictions.
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Yam, Man-Ching, Hung-Kwan So, Sit-Yee Kwok, Fung-Cheung Lo, Chi-Fung Mok, Chuk-Kwan Leung, Wai-Kwok Yip, and Yn-Tz Sung. "Left ventricular mass of persistent masked hypertension in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: a 4-year follow-up study." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 6 (April 22, 2018): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951118000434.

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AbstractObjectiveIn our previous study, the prevalence of childhood masked hypertension was 11%. This study aims to assess the left ventricular mass index of persistent masked hypertension and determine the factors of elevated left ventricular mass index in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents from a community cohort.DesignCommunity prospective cohort study, follow-up of a case-control study in community.SubjectsPatients with masked hypertension at baseline were invited to recheck ambulatory blood pressure for the persistence of masked hypertension.ResultsA total of 144 out of 165 patients with masked hypertension in the 2011/2012 ambulatory blood pressure survey consented to participate in the study. In all, 48 patients were found to have persistent masked hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure rechecking and were matched with normotensive controls by sex, age, and body height. The left ventricular mass (117.3±39.9 g versus 87.0±28.2 g versus 102.0±28.2 g) and left ventricular mass index (30.1±8.4 g/m2.7 versus 23.9±6.3 g/m2.7 versus 25.1±5.7 g/m2.7) were significantly higher in the persistent masked hypertension group (p<0.0001) compared with the patients without persistent masked hypertension and controls. In multivariate linear regression analysis, left ventricular mass index was found to be higher in male gender (β=4.874, p<0.0001) and the patients with persistent masked hypertension (β=2.796, p=0.003). In addition, left ventricular mass index was positively associated with body mass index z-score (β=3.045, p<0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (β=1.634, p=0.015).ConclusionsPersistent masked hypertension in adolescents is associated with elevated left ventricular mass index.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blood cholesterol China Hong Kong"

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Chan, Yim-ting Tina, and 陳艷婷. "Effect of a diabetes specific formula in the blood sugar and blood lipid profiles and nutritional status of type II diabetes living innursing homes : a prospective randomized trial." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971507.

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Leung, Fung-shan Kate, and 梁鳳珊. "A non-interventional epidemiologic study on incentives of blood donation and determinants of donor return behaviour in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46938862.

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Chan, Wai-mai May, and 陳慧媚. "Relationship between poor compliance with antihypertensive medication and factors associated with inadequate blood pressure control inChinese community-dwelling elderly." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010651.

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Ho, Yuk-yi Ella, and 何玉儀. "Risk factors associated with HIV testing among Hong Kong young adults: implications for blood safety." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30252726.

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Kilias, Antonios Constantinos. "In their blood : understanding heritage meanings through the socio-historical experience of Hong Kong's Central police station." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208062.

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This dissertation focuses on the personal layers of meaning attached to a heritage site, using the case study of Hong Kong’s old Central Police Station (CPS). It is a way to enhance the understanding of the site in a way that goes beyond the scope of ‘official’ records and histories, such as those found in conservation reports, government documents, etc. These documents focus heavily on the significant historical stories attached to the site and the site’s formal architectural qualities as a way to understanding the heritage values of the place. However, this ignores the fact that a site such as the CPS was not built as an historical artefact or as a grand architectural monument. Rather, the CPS had a functional purpose: as a site of work. This dissertation therefore uncovers the meanings attached to the CPS as a site of work, through an understanding of the socio-historical experiences of the site. This is based on both theoretical and practical research. The theoretical research outlines an overarching theory of ‘heritage place’ – as a result of human interaction with space – as based on the philosophies of Martin Heidegger and Henri Lefebvre, the geographical writings of Carl O. Sauer and Allan Pred, and the cultural heritage theory of Laurajane Smith. This theory is rooted in the phenomenological method, which is founded upon an understanding and description of human experience. The practical component of this dissertation draws upon 10 interviews I conducted with former staff of the CPS, which led me to understand the memories and experiences attached to the site. I then present a synthesis of the theoretical and the practical arms of the research as a way to understand the heritage meanings of the CPS as a living, functional site (not as historical artefact). Ultimately, the research presented in this dissertation is an attempt to guide conservation thinking in Hong Kong away from static and esoteric understanding of heritage significance as rooted in esoteric and largely impersonal qualities of history and aesthetics, and towards an understanding of heritage significance as rooted in humans’ interactions with their environment.
published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Yang, Chi-ting, and 楊志停. "A study of alcohol pharmacokinetic of local Chinese in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26647564.

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Cheng, Sau-kong, and 鄭守崗. "Diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD): can health care costs be saved through blood pressure control?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39723951.

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Yang, Chi-ting, and 楊志婷. "Pharmacokinetics of alcohol using breath measures and some statisticalaspects in forensic science." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46506159.

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Fun, Sze-tat, and 范思達. "Development of molecular diagnostic system for detection of hepatitis B virus in blood donations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971751.

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Qin, Yanyan. "Health risk assessment of POPs and heavy metals in Hong Kong residents based on their concentrations in selected food items and different human tissues (blood plasma and adipose tissues)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1234.

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Books on the topic "Blood cholesterol China Hong Kong"

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Blood+ Kowloon Nights. Dark Horse Comics, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Blood cholesterol China Hong Kong"

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Yu, Chang-Min. "Corpo-reality in the Hong Kong New Wave." In Beyond Imperial Aesthetics, 125–44. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888455874.003.0007.

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Several decades after the inception of the Hong Kong New Wave, critics still struggle to respond to the charge that "[t]here was no new aesthetic landscape"; that this so-called New Wave was only an imitation of the French nouvelle vague with an emphasis on local political and social issues. However, because of the imaginary grid of the term "New Wave," critics have failed to take into account the intensely physical aspect of these films; blood, gore and severed limbs litter the new landscape. Elements of body horror are deployed to excite and disgust the audience, and to question the impossible formation of Hong Kong's identity by returning to its corporeal vessel. This new corpo-reality is a characteristic shared by the films of Ann Hui, Dennis Yu, Tsui Hark and other Hong Kong directors at that time. In other words, these directors not only turn to contemporary Hong Kong for inspiration, but they also reconfigure the limitations of body-image à la Deleuze to reflect upon individual dilemmas faced by a community surrounded by various imperial regimes, including China, Japan and the British colonial government. My essay contends that it is impossible to recognize the innovations of the Hong Kong New Wave without reexamining the corporeal manifestations on screen.
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Adamczyk, Amy. "Investigating Public Opinion in Confucian Nations." In Cross-National Public Opinion about Homosexuality. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288751.003.0007.

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A substantial portion of the world’s people reside in countries where Buddhism, Taoism, and systems of ancestral belief dominate. To understand the factors shaping attitudes in these places, this chapter (and the next) examines Confucian nations. These societies (i.e., China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Vietnam, and Hong Kong) are more tolerant than many Islamic, Middle Eastern, and African nations, but they are less supportive than countries in the Global North. Using data from the World Values Survey, this chapter shows that Confucianism has created a culture in which family stability and kinship ties are particularly valued. As a result, concerns about keeping the family intact and the importance of blood relationships are particularly important in shaping residents’ views about homosexuality.
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