Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Blood air'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 48 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Blood air.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Foraster, Pulido Maria 1984. "Noise and air pollution from road traffic : understanding their role in blood pressure." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283470.
Full textL’evidència epidemiològica és limitada en relació als efectes de l’exposició prolongada a la contaminació atmosfèrica i al soroll provinents del trànsit amb la pressió arterial (PA). Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu (a) explorar l’exposició conjunta a la contaminació atmosfèrica i al soroll del trànsit a llarg termini i (b) avaluar i separar les associacions de cadascun d’aquests dos factors ambientals amb la hipertensió i la pressió sistòlica i diastòlica a la població adulta de la ciutat mediterrània de Girona (Catalunya, Espanya). Vam estudiar la correlació espacial entre els nivells anuals mitjans de diòxid de nitrogen (NO2) mesurat i del soroll de trànsit modelitzat (L24h and Lnit) a l’exterior de 83 localitzacions residencials. Vam utilitzar les dades de l’exploració basal (anys 2003- 2006) d’una cohort poblacional corresponents a 3836 participants de 35 a 84 anys. Vam assignar els nivells mitjans anuals exteriors de NO2 i de soroll de trànsit a les adreces postals residencials de cada participant amb un model de regressió de l’ús del sòl i un model de soroll de trànsit, respectivament. Els nivells interiors de Lnit de trànsit als dormitoris es van derivar en base a les proteccions contra el soroll a casa. La correlació entre l’NO2 i el soroll del trànsit era elevada i depenia de l’àrea de la ciutat. Ambdós l’NO2 i el soroll del trànsit s’associaven consistent i independentment amb la hipertensió i la PA. En canvi, les associacions per l’NO2 no es podien deslligar de les del soroll de trànsit exterior. També vam identificar factors de susceptibilitat potencials. Aquesta tesi incrementa l’evidència escassa sobre que l’exposició prolongada a la contaminació atmosfèrica i al soroll del trànsit s’associen, i independentment, tant amb la PA com amb la hipertensió. Es requereixen més estudis per confirmar aquests resultats.
La evidencia epidemiológica es limitada en relación a los efectos de la exposición prolongada a la contaminación atmosférica y al ruido procedentes del tráfico con la presión arterial (PA). Esta tesis tiene como objetivo (a) explorar la exposición conjunta a la contaminación atmosférica y al ruido del tráfico a largo plazo y (b) evaluar y separar las asociaciones de cada uno de estos dos factores ambientales con la hipertensión y la presión sistólica y diastólica en la población adulta de la ciudad mediterránea de Girona (Cataluña, España). Estudiamos la correlación espacial entre los niveles anuales medios de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) medido y de ruido de tráfico modelizado (L24h and Lnoche) en el exterior de 83 localizaciones residenciales. Utilizamos los datos de la exploración basal (años 2003-2006) de una cohorte poblacional correspondientes a 3836 participantes de 35 a 84 años. Asignamos los niveles medios anuales exteriores de NO2 y de ruido de tráfico a las direcciones postales residenciales de cada participante con un modelo de regresión del uso del suelo y un modelo de ruido de tráfico, respectivamente. Los niveles interiores de Lnoche de tráfico en los dormitorios se derivaron en base a las protecciones contra el ruido en casa. La correlación entre el NO2 y el ruido del tráfico era elevada y dependía del área de la ciudad. Ambos el NO2 y el ruido del tráfico se asociaban consistente e independientemente con la hipertensión y la PA. En cambio, las asociaciones para el NO2 no se podían desenredar de las del ruido de tráfico exterior. También identificamos factores de susceptibilidad potenciales. Esta tesis incrementa la evidencia escasa sobre que la exposición prolongada a la contaminación atmosférica y al ruido del tráfico se asocian, e independientemente, tanto con la PA como con la hipertensión. Se requieren más estudios para confirmar estos resultados.
Hilliard, Michael Wayne. "Measuring Tibial Artery Blood Flow Following a Moderate Fire and Air Vacuum Cupping Treatment." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28782.
Full textCurto, Tirado Ariadna 1987. "Exposure to air pollution and links with cardiometabolic health in low- and middle-income countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666202.
Full textEls objectius d’aquesta tesi són: 1) avaluar el rendiment dels monitors de qualitat de l’aire de baix cost per monitoritzar l’exposició a llarg termini en àrees rurals en països de renda baixa o mitjana; 2) identificar els determinants de l’exposició personal a la contaminació de l’aire en dones d’una àrea semi-rural de Moçambic; i 3) avaluar les associacions a llarg termini entre l’exposició ambiental a la contaminació de l’aire i la salut cardiometabòlica en adults d’una àrea peri-urbana de la Índia. Hem utilitzat dades provinents de: un estudi experimental, un estudi observacional i un estudi epidemiològic transversal (CHAI). Resultats principals: 1) el rendiment de monitors de baix cost encara no és prou fiable per reemplaçar a monitors més cars i establerts en recerca; 2) la il·luminació amb querosè va incrementar l’exposició personal a la contaminació de l‘aire en dones de Moçambic; 3) l’exposició a llarg termini de la contaminació de l’aire està associada a una major pressió arterial en dones de la Índia; i 4) no hem trobat evidència que la exposició a la contaminació de l’aire estigui associada a nivells més alts de glucosa en sang a la Índia peri-urbana.
Sandin, Emma. "Optimization of the In vitro Pyrogen Test (IPT) Regarding Detection of Pyrogens in Air Samples." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54297.
Full textPyrogener kallas ämnen som framkallar feber och de kan exempelvis bestå av hela eller delar av bakterier, virus eller svamp (fungi). En metod som kallas för in vitro pyrogen test (IPT) har utvecklats för att detektera dessa pyrogener. Metoden bygger på att en lösning som misstänks innehålla pyrogener får komma i kontakt med blod från en människa. Efter en inkubering på mellan 4-24 timmar har blodet reagerat på eventuella pyrogener och bildat cytokiner, där mängden cytokiner är proportionell mot mängden pyrogener. De intressanta cytokinerna i den här studien var IL-1β och TNF-α, som båda är involverade i feberprocessen. Det har varit svårigheter med att standardisera metoden, mycket beroende på att det är levande celler som hela metoden bygger på, så syftet med den här studien var att förbättra in vitro pyrogen test. Luftprover tagna i inomhusmiljöer som misstänks innehålla pyrogener har använts i försöken att optimera varje steg i processen. De olika stegen inkluderade extraktion av filter som använts vid luftprovtagningen, inkubering med helblod och provextrakt och analys av inkuberingen med ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Några av de parametrar som undersöktes gällde extraktionsmedium, skaktid och skakintensitet under extraktionen, blodförhållande under helblodsinkuberingen och lämpliga cytokiner för metoden. Studien resulterade i att en metodik, för att analysera luftprov innehållande pyrogener med in vitro pyrogen test, kunde tas fram.
Margolis, Helene Genevieve. "Short-term fluctuations in community air pollution and changes in blood biomarkers and cardiovascular function in an elderly cohort /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textKubesch, Nadine Janet. "Health effects of traffic-related air pollution and physical activity: A real-world exposure experimental study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482053.
Full textL'exposició a la contaminació de l'aire relacionada amb el tràfic (CART) s'ha associate amb resultats adversos per a la salut. L'activitat física (AF) realitzada en ambients amb aire contaminat pot augmentar l'absorció de contaminants i amb això produir efectes en la salut. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi va ser determinar els efectes en la salut de l’exposició a la CART a curt termini en participants sans així com qualsevol possible efecte modificador de l’AF. S’ha realitzat un estudi en disseny del creuament amb exposició del “món real” comparant en 28 participants sans les respostes pulmonars, sistèmics i de la pressió arterial en quatre escenaris diferents d'exposició: 2 hores d’exposició en un entorn d'alta i baixa CART, cadascun en repòs i en combinació amb AF moderada i intermitent, que consta de quatre intervals de 15 minuts de descans i ciclisme. Les dades es van analitzar utilitzant models d'efectes mixtes per a mesures repetides. Els nivells alts de CART van induïr una resposta inflamatòria sistèmica i de la via aèria, i un augment de la pressió arterial. L’AF va millorar la funció pulmonar i va atenuar l’augment de la pressió arterial. L’AF en alts nivells de CART també va induïr una inflamació pulmonar i sistèmica y una disminució dels nivells circulants del factor neurotròfic derivat del cervell (FNDC)1. L'exposició a curt termini a CART s'associa amb efectes adversos per a la salut. L’AF té efectes beneficiosos sobre la salut, encara quan es realitza en alts nivells de CART. El significat clínic de les disminucions en el FNDC com a resposta a l’AF intermitent en l'entorn experimental i l’AF més habitual de la vida quotidiana segueix essent poc clara. Aquest estudi també suggereix que els efectes sobre la salut de la CART i l’AF són predominantment independents dels nivells alts de CART. 1 també conegut com “BDNF”, de l'anglès “Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor”.
Åberg, Anna-Maja. "Carbon monoxide in biological systems : An experimental and clinical study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1427.
Full textKouremenos, Konstantinos A., Mikael Johansson, and Philip J. Marriott. "Advances in gas chromatographic methods for the identification of biomarkers in cancer." Umeå universitet, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61275.
Full textSuwannasual, Usa. "Investigating the Mechanisms involved in Traffic-Generated Air Pollution–Mediated Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Wild Type Mouse Model using a Pharmaceutical Intervention Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707379/.
Full textKletting, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Claus-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lehr. "A new cell line-based coculture model of the human air-blood barrier to evaluate the interaction with aerosolized drug carriers / Stephanie Kletting ; Betreuer: Claus-Michael Lehr." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114735035/34.
Full textFuks, Kateryna [Verfasser], Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann, Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann, and Herbert de [Akademischer Betreuer] Groot. "Association of long-term exposure to air pollution with arterial blood pressure and hypertension / Kateryna Fuks. Gutachter: Daniel Hoffmann ; Barbara Hoffmann ; Herbert de Groot. Betreuer: Daniel Hoffmann ; Barbara Hoffmann." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071543512/34.
Full textKühn, Anna Michele [Verfasser], and Claus-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lehr. "Immortalization of human alveolar epithelial cells : towards a cell line expressing functional tight junctions for modelling the air-blood barrier in vitro / Anna Michele Kühn. Betreuer: Claus-Michael Lehr." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110979021X/34.
Full textDenton, Jamie. "The kinematic, kinetic and blood lactate profiles of continuous and intra-set rest loading schemes a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, January 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/DentonJ.pdf.
Full textMatsumoto, Giselli Silva. ""Efeito da poluição atmosférica urbana da cidade de São Paulo nas células sangüíneas e no sistema cardiopulmonar. Estudo morfo-funcional em camundongos in vivo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-28122005-034256/.
Full textObjective: verify if air pollution of São Paulo city induces alterations in blood and cardiopulmonary systems. MM: Balb/c mice were exposed during 7, 14, 21, 30 and 45 days to 3 chambers: Clean (control), Intermediate (PM only) and Dirty (external air). After exposure, animals were ventilated (FlexiVent) and collected lung mechanics data and blood, heart and lung. PM, CO, SO2 e NO2 were measured daily. Results: on day 21 and 45, coincidently to peak of pollutions, there was proximal airway resistance increase (45d p=0.012), leukocytosis (21d p < 0.001 and 45d p=0.039) and vasoconstriction of peribronchiolar arterioles (21d p=0.034) in animals of Dirty Chamber with no alterations of coronaries. Neither pollutants exceeded the standard limits
Chiarelli, Paulo Sérgio. "Efeito da poluição do tráfego na pressão arterial dos agentes de trânsito em Santo André." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-23022010-131238/.
Full textThe constant exposition to air pollution continues to cause the populations health problems, and its result an increase of morbidity and mortality by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This is a cross-sectional study which aims to assess the modifications in the systemic blood pressure and the pulse pressure in young male individuals, exposed to the traffic pollution in Santo André city, metropolitan region of the Greater São Paulo in Brazil. The hourly daily levels of air pollutants were obtained from the Technology Institute for the Environment and Sanitation of São Paulo State (CETESB), the information by temperature and precipitation was obtained from the National Meteorology Office (INMET). There has been carried out a descriptive analysis of all variables of the study. The linear equation model has been used, having as dependent variables the systolic blood pressure (SBP), the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the pulse pressure (PP), the air pollutants as independent variables, and as control variables the minimum temperature, precipitation, working period and day time. A number of 19 traffic agents in Santo André city have been analysed. The average age of the studied group was of 42.8 (sd = 5.2) years old, ranging from 32 to 51 years old. Concerning the BMI, we have got the information that the average of the studied group was of 25.2 (sd = 2.8), ranging from 19.2 to 29.4. It is observed that for an interquartile range increased in PM10 (34g/m3), the SBP increases in 1.35 mmHg (CI95%: 0.40; 2.30), the DBP increases in 1.35 mmHg (CI95%: 0.57; 2.13), and the PP increases in 1.35 mmHg (CI95%: 0.40; 2.30) at the exposure time. The traffic agents in Santo André city presented increase of SBP, DBP and PP with the exposure to PM10 and to O3. The traffic agents from Santo André presented higher arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure levels associated with the air pollution exposure in Santo André city
Lindeler, Sara. "Flygtrafikbuller i hemmiljö : En enkätundersökning om besvärsupplevelser och hälsa i relation till flygbuller för boende kring Linköping City Airport." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162855.
Full textIntroduction: Aircraft noise is an example of unwanted sound. The perception of unwanted sound is very individual. What is considered noise by one person may be perceived as non-noise by someone else. However, noise is generally regarded as disturbing noise and is usually something that each individual encounters in their daily life, such as in the workplace, at school, or at home. Noise is considered to be the form of environmental disruption that affects the most people in Sweden. It is a growing problem, and air traffic is considered to be one of the most pervasive outdoor sound sources. Noise problems associated with air traffic are concentrated in areas close to airports, which can affect the health of thousands of residents. Air traffic noise has long been a public health problem, and many people living near an airport have developed a number of negative health effects due to air traffic noise. Purpose: To study how residents living near Linköping City Airport experience and are affected by air traffic noise. Method: The study has been conducted as a questionnaire survey with a quantitative crosssectional design. The online survey that has been used as a measuring instrument has been designed to answer the purpose. 292 adult subjects (> 18 years), including 158 men and 133 women, participated in the study. Collected statistical data has been processed and analysed in SPSS. In order to answer the purpose, the following statistical tests have been used: chi2 test, Spearman’s correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusion: Residents living in Tannefors generally had positive experiences from air traffic and were positive towards the airport. The residents who experienced disturbances at least every week during certain parts of the year felt that air traffic noise caused difficulties performing various activities. Women in the youngest age group experienced air traffic noise as more disturbing compared to men. Men had fewer negative attitudes towards the airport compared to women. Residents who reported poorer health conditions, sleep problems and the use of earplugs or other hearing protectors to be able to sleep better, poorer sleep quality, fatigue, discomfort, sadness and depressed mood, low morale, a desire to be left alone, irritation and grief, stress, clogged ear or tinnitus also started that air traffic noise was a major inconvenience.
Scott, Latonya Rochelle. "Wrist Worn Device to Aid the Elderly to Age in Place." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52578.
Full textMaster of Science
Axelsson, Johan. "A Functional Food Bar Rich in Sulforaphane to Aid Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels Among T2D." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158198.
Full textPrado, Gustavo Faibischew. "Impactos cardiopulmonares e inflamatórios da exposição à poluição da queima de biomassa em cortadores de cana queimada e em voluntários saudáveis do município de Mendonça." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-01122011-150351/.
Full textNon-mechanized sugarcane harvesting preceded by burning exposes workers and people of neighboring towns to high concentrations of pollutants. This study was designed to assess cardiopulmonary impacts and biomarkers of oxidative stress triggered by exposure to pollution from sugarcane burning. Sugarcane workers (n=113) and healthy volunteers of a reference population (n=109) from the city of Mendonça (São Paulo, Brazil) were evaluated with spirometry, heart rate variability (HRV), antioxidant enzymes, plasma malonaldehyde and proinflammatory interleukins during non-harvest and harvest periods. Concentration of PM2.5 increased from 8g/m3 during nonharvest to 23.5g/m3 in the urban area and to 61g/m3 in sugarcane fields, during harvest. It was evidenced a more remarkable decrease in lung function, HRV and in activity of antioxidant enzymes among sugarcane workers, compared to individuals from the reference population. Malonaldehyde had elevated in both groups during harvest, with a higher increase among sugarcane workers. Furthermore, we found an increase in diastolic pressure only in sugarcane workers. Both sugarcane workers and volunteers from the local population exhibited significant cardiopulmonary and metabolic impacts of exposure to outdoor air pollution during harvest, with a higher magnitude of these alterations among sugarcane workers, which highlights the deleterious impact of air pollution. These preclinical findings may signal pathophysiological processes triggered by biomassburning outdoor pollution in the populations studied
Stromberg, David A. "Performance of AIC-Selected Spatial Covariance Structures for fMRI Data." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd981.pdf.
Full textZahirovic, Rezak, and Scott Ekman. "Circadian blood pressure within young adults in Viet Nam : An exploratory study comparing a normal blood pressure group and a prehypertension group." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27797.
Full textLee, Chun-Yuan, Calvin M. Kunin, Chung Chang, Susan Shin-Jung Lee, Yao-Shen Chen, and Hung-Chin Tsai. "Development of a prediction model for bacteremia in hospitalized adults with cellulitis to aid in the efficient use of blood cultures: a retrospective cohort study." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621821.
Full textMarroquin, Stephanie Michelle. "A Novel Abi-domain Protein Controls Virulence Determinant Production in Staphylococcus aureus." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6725.
Full textMINUTI, ANDREA. "Studio dei processi digestivi nei ruminanti e negli erbivori monogastrici in relazione ai rischi di turbe digestive e ad anomalie degli indici ematici di stati infiammatori." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/270.
Full textThree experiments were carried out to study the metabolic and productive effects of some changes of the digestive functionality. In the first experiment, the degree of ruminal acidosis was controlled on dairy cows from commercial farms: the low observed ph values were indices of risks but not so low to have serious adverse effects at digestive-metabolic level. However in these circumstances, the lower ph would be especially indices of a greater feed intake, in turn favoured by a better general animal health. In the second experiment, the application of acute stress to lactating cows showed digesta rumen passage rate of digesta, especially in late lactation, confirming the possibility that the acute stress could be a risk factor for digestive abnormalities. In the third one, on the large intestine functionality of rabbits exposed to diets with different levels of starch, some slightly better performances were obtained with the diet richer in digestible fibre. Though main digestive traits were unaffected by treatments, some blood parameters, particularly those linked to the oxidative status, revealed a more favourable metabolic situation associated with the use of less starchy diets. Hence, alteration of the fermentative processes may impair animal production and/or the animal health conditions. For a better interpretation of the parameters of the digestive system functionality the support of some specific blood parameters appears useful.
NDEREYIMANA, ANDRE. "VALUTAZIONE E MIGLIORAMENTO DELLO STATO NUTRIZIONALE DELLE POPOLAZIONI IN DIVERSE CONDIZIONI PEDOCLIMATICHE E SOCIOECONOMICHE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35877.
Full textThe diet, nutritional status and health are tightly related issues both in industrialized and developing countries. In this doctoral thesis, the main objective was the assessment of nutritional status as a prodromic step to improve it and consenquently health. In industrialized countries, a case study was the nutritional status of a population of central Italy; the intake of some groups of foods, of animal and plant origin, was estimated by food frequency questionnaires and some blood biomarkers. The results demostrated that in dietary controls, aiming to ascertain the long-term effects on health, consumption measurements by questionnaires cannot be exclusive, but some blood and anthropometric indexes could be also useful. In developing countries, two case studies in rural India and D R Congo confirmed that malnutrition is a serious issue; particularly in 3-5 years old children with 26% of severe chronic malnutrition in India and more than 60% in D R Congo. Possible pathways to improve livelihood of rural poor comunities including appropriate food production for a better diet, new income generating activities, infant nutrition improvement, food and waterborn diseases reduction, household food preservation, etc., have been analyzed and the risults of different related trials have been discussed.
Lei, Shih-Ting, and 雷士霆. "Relationship between air pollution and metal concentration in cord blood." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pzg28j.
Full text國立臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
106
Background Air pollutants may enter the body through inhalation and affect human health. Metals belong to a component of air pollutants, and often exist with small particles, The goal of this investigation is to understand the relationship between air pollution and cord blood vanadium, strontium and arsenic concentrations. Materials and Methods A birth cohort, including 893 pairs of mothers and newborns were recruited between May 2004 to July 2005. Structured questionnaire was completed, which contained basic information on maternal and newborn data, information of home environment, and information on enviromental exposure. Cord blood samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for vanadium, strontium and arsenic. Air pollution data was collected from the EPA air monitoring stations and individual exposure was extrapolated using geographic information system (Arc GIS) Kriging method. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between metal concentrations in cord blood and air pollution by SAS 9.4 software. Results After adjusting the mother''s age, education level, family income, maternal smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking, gestation weeks, birth season and baby gender, cord blood vanadium was significantly positively associated with PM10. Comparing those living in higher and lower PM10 regions, there was 0.39 μg/L difference in cord blood vanadium. Cord blood arsenic concentration was significantly positively associated with SO2. Comparing those living in higher and lower SO2 regions, there was 0.81 μg/L difference in cord blood arsenic. Conclusion The study found that cord blood vanadium concentrations is associated with maternal exposure to ambient PM10, and cord blood arsenic concentrations is associated with maternal exposure to ambient SO2. Since these two metals are known to be emitted from petrochemical industries, the contribution of the latter to cord blood vanadium and arsenic cannot be totally ruled out.
Chiu, Sheng-Hung, and 邱聖弘. "An Air-Bubble-Actuated Electrochemical Micropump for On-Chip Blood Transportaton." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81369230010107191671.
Full text國立清華大學
奈米工程與微系統研究所
96
A novel electrolysis-based micropump using air bubble to achieve indirect actuation is proposed and successfully demonstrated. Unlike most other electrochemical micropumps, our micropump could drive microfluid without the pH-value variation and the choking/sticking phenomena of electrolytic bubbles in the main channel. Besides, the room temperature operation and the low driving voltage used for the electrolysis actuation minimize the possibility of cell-damage. It is promising for biomedical applications, especially for the blood transportation. The whole blood is an intrinsically complex material and difficult to be manipulated in the microdevices. Moreover, the on-chip electrolysis-bubble actuator with the features of large actuation force, low voltage and low power consumption enable portable and implantable lab-on-a-chip microsystems. Utilizing the hydrophobic trapeziform pattern located at the junction of the T-shaped microchannel, the micropump drives the pumped fluid in the main channel and isolates it from the electrolytic bubbles. Our proposed micropump can be used for a variety of applications without constraints on the pumped liquid. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is employed to modify the surface of PDMS microchannel to prevent the platelet adhesion during pumping operation. According to the platelet adhesion test, there is no clotting during blood pumping operation. The pH-value variation and distribution in the side channel and the main channel is also characterized during electrolysis-actuation operation. Experimental results show that the liquid displacement and the pumping rate could be easily and accurately controlled via the signal of two-phase peristaltic sequence and the periodic generation of electrolytic bubbles. With the applied voltage of 2.5 volts, the maximum pumping rate of 121 nl/min and 88 nl/min were achieved for the DI water and the whole blood, respectively, with the microchannel cross section of 100×50 μm. In this thesis, the design, microfabrication process, characterization and the experimental demonstration of this novel micropump are reported.
Stoyanova, Zornitsa. "Effect of air, peroxides and diabetes on antioxidant enzyme localization in red blood cells." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977827/1/Stoyanova_MSc_F2013.pdf.
Full textChen, Huei-Ming, and 陳惠敏. "The evaluation of blood and ambient air lead concentrations among highway toll station workers." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90634959081494510357.
Full text國防醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
89
Abstract Lead has been used as anti-knocking agent in the gasoline for centuries. The impact of lead toxicity released from traffic pollution is still important despite that lead has already been banned from the gasoline. This study was to measure the air lead concentrations in the total suspended particulate, inhalable particulate, thoracic particulate, and respirable particulate in a toll station. In addition, 72 toll station workers were recruited in this study and the blood lead concentrations were measured. Blood lead level was analyzed by furnace atomic absorption. Air samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Integra XL. The results showed that the mean blood lead (PbB) levels of 72 participants was 3.3958 ±1.1505μg/dl (n=72). The maximal level of blood lead was 7.35μg/dl, which was much lower than the acceptable limit of 40μg/dl recommended for adults by WHO. The PbBs in Tai-Sun toll station workers was not higher than those of control toll station (Chi-Do) workers. However, the PbBs in those who drink mineral water and those who do not drink milk were higher than those of counterparts. The effect of protective mask was not significant in this study. Smokers had higher PbBs than non-smokers. Environmental monitoring was performed by using several size-specific samplers, including filter, IOM, cyclone and cascade impactor. The results showed that the lead concentrations among total suspended particulate, inhalable particulate (<100μm), thoracic particulate (<10μm), respirable particulate (<3.55μm), and particulate <1.5μm were 0.123, 0.197, 0.292, 0.499, and 0.334μg/m3, respectively. This result indicated that lead was dominantly adsorbed in small particulates. This study also found that the lead concentrations in different lane of toll station were negatively associated with the number of traffic in that lane. The lead concentrations were also associated with the work shift and change permission. The air lead level in the afternoon shift was lower than that of day shift and evening shift. The air lead level in the lane permitted for change was lower than in lanes of no change. In conclusion, the air lead levels in the toll station varied by traffic number, work shift and the traffic lane. However, the lead concentration in the air was not high enough to induce increased blood lead levels among toll station workers. Key words : Blood lead level, Toll station, Air lead level
Lin, Ming-Da, and 林明達. "A Study and Development on thePerformance of Air Pump of Wrist Blood Pressure Monitor." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65652695281221400748.
Full text大同大學
機械工程學系(所)
92
Abstract High blood pressure has taken one of the top ten causes of death within the overall population locally. To prevent from high blood pressure, aside from the diet control, the adoption of handy and comprehensive electronic of no professional technique has become the must-have health care item of every household already. This research is aimed to the investigation about the function of air pump within the wrist blood pressure monitor。By using the L9(34) orthogonal arrays adopted by Taguchi, we make the settings for DC motor rotation, cam stroke, hardness of rubber piston, and superficial roughness of Pump Body, totally 4 factors, with 3 levels for experimenting separately. In reference with the experiment results, we found from the reaction charts that the main body of pump will come with the most evident influence for the superficial roughness of pump body; the cam-stroke and DC motor rotation come with the relatively low influence and the hardness of rubber piston actually exerts the least influence among all factors. Furthermore, the optimally conditioned combination for all factors are separately 12500rpm for DC motor rotation, 1.8mm for cam stroke, 50°for hardness of rubber piston and Ra 0.2 for the superficial roughness of pump body.
Shen, Shu-Hung, and 沈書弘. "Assessment of Hexavalent Chromium Exposure for Cement Workers by Air, Skin, Urine and Blood Sampling." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19743179726097881258.
Full text長榮大學
職業安全與衛生研究所
96
In this study, fifty three cement workers were recruited from Tainan City and County. Both air and skin sampling were taken to accurately assess the total exposure of Cr6+ from inhalation and dermal contact routes for these cement workers. During the exposure sampling time, a questionnaire was used to investigate the work history and the frequency of dermal contact to cement in a regular work day for each worker. In addition, both urine and blood samples were collected from the workers to estimate the total doses of Cr6+ in their bodies. The concentrations of Cr6+ in the air and skin samples were determined by Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The concentrations of total chromium in the urine and blood samples were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AA). The results showed that the measured Cr6+ concentrations in air were far less than the permissible exposure limit of 5 ?慊/m3 in an 8-hour work shift established by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). However, the concentrations of total chromium in the end of shift urine samples were 47% greater than 25 μg/L, the Biological Exposure Index (BEI) recommended by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH). It was concluded that dermal contact was the main route of Cr6+ exposure for cement workers. The relationship between the concentrations of total chromium in the post-shift urine samples and some exposure determinants was explored by conducting a multiple linear regression analysis. It was found that betel nut chewing and the concentrations of total chromium in the pre-shift urine samples were significantly important (R2= 0.3041) in estimating the concentrations of total chromium in the post-shift urine samples. Regarding the analysis of blood samples, the concentrations of total chromium of most workers were very low which was close to the background level of total chromium of general population. No matter the concentrations of total chromium in the samples of blood plasma and red blood cells were lower than the detection limit of total chromium, but the proportion of the concentrations of total chromium in urine samples greater than the BEI value was high. This indicated that the cement workers had certain amount of Cr6+ exposure. However, this amount was not higher than the reduction capacity, 2 ppm, of Cr6+ in blood plasma. When the Cr6+ was absorbed through the skin into the blood, most of the Cr6+ was reduced into Cr3+ which could not cumulate in red blood cells and was excreted by urine. It was suggested that the the protection of cement workers from Cr6+ exposure should focus on the cut-off of dermal absorption of Cr6+. The addition of ferrous sulfate to cement is an appropriate approach to decreasing the dermal exposure to Cr6+ for cement workers. Other alternative of applying cream with some substances which can reduce Cr6+ to Cr3+ and decrease the skin absorption of Cr6+ can also be considered.
Chen, Hong-Han, and 陳弘瀚. "Effect of zinc on the red blood cell formation in the common carp under air exposure." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56840935890004830507.
Full text國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
101
Abstract This study investigated the effect of air exposure on the proliferation of erythroid cells in the head kidney and blood of common carp. In order to produce a controlable stress conditions, we exposed the fish to air for 2 h then them returned to the aquarium for another 2 h. This process was repeated one to six times. The common carp experienced to different stressed degree, i.e., control (resting fish), A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 (air exposure 2h ×1, ×2, ×3, ×4, ×5 and ×6) and R1, R2 (recovery after 2 and 4d) were obtained. The results showed that the whole blood cell zinc concentration in the control was 4.06±1.18 μg/ml whole blood. However, the whole blood cell zinc concentration in the A3 group significantly increased to 37.9±20.7 μg/ml whole blood, being 9.3 times higher than the control. In the A4, A5 and A6 groups, the whole blood cell zinc concentration still significantly higher than the control, being 8.0, 4.8 and 4.6 times, respectively. In the recovery groups (R1 and R2), the whole blood cell zinc concentrations were not significantly different from the control. When the blood was divided into plasma and cells, it was found that in the A3 group approximately 90% of the zinc increase in the common carp blood came from its cells. The hematological examinations of the common carp revealed that the mean red blood cell (RBC) level in control group was 0.81 ± 0.22 × 106 cell/mm3. Only in the recovery group (R1), the RBC level significantly increased 1.44 times than the control group. All the other groups showed no significant difference from the control group. The hemoglobin (Hb) levels in A3, A5, R1 and R2 groups were significantly lower than the control group being only about 50% of the control. In addition, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH) in all these groups were also lower than the control, which are also about 50% of the control. It is reported that the immature red blood cell in fish differ from the mature ones by a small volume, and a lower hemoglobin level. The hematological studies indicate that a lot of immature red blood cells were formed in the A3 and A5 groups. The “saline solution of 50% hemolysis” and “hemolysis in 0.38% saline solution” of the common carp blood were determined. It was found that the hemolysis in A3, A5, R1 and R2 groups were significantly lower than the control. Zinc concentration in the head kidney cells of common carp subjected to air exposure were studied. The results showed that the zinc significant increased in the A3, A5 and R1 groups, being 5.5, 8.8 and 8.8 times, respectively, higher than the control. The head kidney cells of the stressed common carp were observed under light microscopic examination. It was found that the immature red blood cell in the head kidney and blood increase following the increase of the zinc level in the head kidney. Based on these results, it is concluded that when the common carp were air exposed, within 6 h no erythroid cells were found in the common carp blood. However, 26 h after the experiment (A3 group), a lot of immature red blood cells were observed in the common carp blood, these immature red blood cells came from the head kidney. These immature red blood cells were proliferated by the stimulation of zinc in the head kidney, because the head kidney zinc concentration in the A3 group were 5.5 times higher than the control group. It was reported that zinc can protect the integrity of the cell membrane to tolerate hemolysis, besides, it is also known that binding of zinc to the hemoglobin could increase oxygen affinity. One important reason why common carp can tolerate hypoxia, may be because they can proliferate immature red blood rapidly, only within 1d.
Abraham, M. H., J. M. R. Gola, A. Ibrahim, W. E. Jr Acree, and Xiangli Liu. "A simple method for estimating in vitro air-tissue and in vivo blood-tissue partition coefficients." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10078.
Full textA simple method is reported for the estimation of in vivo air-tissue partition coefficients of VOCs and of in vitro blood-tissue partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and other compounds. Linear free energy relationships for tissues such as brain, muscle, liver, lung, kidney, heart, skin and fat are available and once the Abraham descriptors are known for a compound, no more than simple arithmetic is required to estimate air-tissue and blood-tissue partitions.
Lunt, Steven Edward. "The use of point-of-care blood gas analysis on a South African fixed wing jet air ambulance service." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12682.
Full textAbraham, M. H., J. M. R. Gola, A. Ibrahim, W. E. Jr Acree, and Xiangli Liu. "The prediction of blood–tissue partitions, water–skin partitions and skin permeation for agrochemicals." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10082.
Full textBACKGROUND: There is considerable interest in the blood–tissue distribution of agrochemicals, and a number of researchershave developed experimental methods for in vitro distribution. These methods involve the determination of saline–blood andsaline–tissue partitions; not only are they indirect, but they do not yield the required in vivo distribution.RESULTS: The authors set out equations for gas–tissue and blood–tissue distribution, for partition from water into skin andfor permeation from water through human skin. Together with Abraham descriptors for the agrochemicals, these equationscan be used to predict values for all of these processes. The present predictions compare favourably with experimental in vivoblood–tissue distribution where available. The predictions require no more than simple arithmetic.CONCLUSIONS: The present method represents a much easier and much more economic way of estimating blood–tissuepartitions than the method that uses saline–blood and saline–tissue partitions. It has the added advantages of yielding therequired in vivo partitions and being easily extended to the prediction of partition of agrochemicals from water into skin andpermeation from water through skin.
Bur, Michael [Verfasser]. "Pulmonary epithelial cells as model to investigate in vivo drug absorption across the human air-blood barrier / von Michael Bur." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985721006/34.
Full textJeng, Ting-yang, and 鄭廷仰. "The study of the relation between dioxin concentration in air and dioxin concentration in blood of the resident nearby the incinerator." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25077997847795778429.
Full text國立中正大學
機械系
93
Near decades, the dioxin have already been proved damage to the human body that including: various kinds of pathological changes , carcinogenic risks and causing human gene mutation. So the pollution of dioxin has already became the focus paid attention to of hygiene unit of various countries in the world. This research uses the data that is the dioxin concentration in blood for the resident near the 19 incineration plant from the Environ mental Protection Administration Executive Yuan ,R.O.C to analyze. It is the comparison between the data of the dioxin concentration in blood for the resident near the incineration plant and the dioxin concentration of the air by statistical method like: One way anova、Pearson、Regression and prove that there are dependence and dominance each other. Using the linear regression builds the linear relational expression that is between age and the dioxin concentration in blood of the resident near the incineration plant. The result of study shows : the dioxin concentration in blood for the resident has not been influenced by the distance of the incineration plant and the expose time of operating. The dioxin concentration in blood and resident's age form positive correlation. Accord to from every statistics, dioxin emission of the incineration plant does not have direct relation with the dioxin concentration in blood of the resident.
Schulze, Christine [Verfasser]. "Transport of metal oxide nanoparticles across the human air-blood barrier : interactions with physiologically relevant media and proteins / von Christine Schulze." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010621416/34.
Full textCosta, Ana Margarida Martins Maia da. "Establishment of a three-dimensional in vitro model of air-blood barrier to assess the translocation of nanoparticles targeted to the lung." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/113112.
Full textCosta, Ana Margarida Martins Maia da. "Establishment of a three-dimensional in vitro model of air-blood barrier to assess the translocation of nanoparticles targeted to the lung." Tese, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/113112.
Full textChen, Su-Hung, and 陳束弘. "A preliminary study of base on micro-blood flow measurement and analysis based on the operation of the application of intelligent air conditioning systems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46838556204378527215.
Full text元智大學
電機工程學系
98
In modern days, people spend most of their time within indoor environment, and as the result, the demand for indoor comfortableness is increasing. Very often, a HVAC system is used to reach the demand, and hence the percentage of adoption is rising. However, the current HVAC system can not guarantee the comfortableness;as the situations of warm or cold happened, and users have to modify the settings of HVAC systems accordingly. This research is to address this situation, and aims at constructing a platform both deliver both human comfort and energy conservation. The platform is capable of determine the comfort of the indoor room space based on the data of microcirculation blood flow of the personnel and the optimized operation of air conditioning system can be modified afterwards. The best range for comfort and effective temperature curve was 22 degrees to 23.5 degrees, which was defined by the U.S. Association of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning ANSI / ASHREA Standard 55-2004, is formulated as the best comfortableness curve in this study. Experimental work related to human microcirculation was carried out to analyze the average blood flow in order to establish the relationship between the ambient temperature and the average blood flow. The present findings can aid the development of a HVAC control platform for room comfortableness, which is capable of detecting the average blood flow of humans to determine the temperature setting of this space. This platform will modify the operation level to rise the room space temperature if a human body is changed into the cold state, and vise versa. In conclusion, the present study therefore can help to achieve human comfort and energy conservation purposes. This paper presents the preliminary study of micro-blood flow measurement and analysis and intelligent air conditioning system control, and an indoor comfort platform is built based on this study. It was found that the status of comfort referring to the micro-blood circulation is directly influenced by the indoor temperature. Therefore, a too high or too low setting temperature of air conditioning system can cause uncomfortable and also wastes energy. Further studies to discover the optimized relationship between human comfort and energy can be carried out for the improvement of energy efficiency and indoor space quality.
HODGKINS, DOUGLAS GLENDON. "THE EFFECT OF LEAD-IN-AIR PARTICLE SIZE ON THE LEAD-IN-BLOOD LEVELS OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY WORKERS (OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE, LEAD EXPOSURE, ACID EXPOSURE)." 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=0-89AAAAMAAJ.
Full textQuinn, Ashlinn Ko. "Modifiable Risk in a Changing Climate: Linking household-level temperature, humidity, and air pollution to population health." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D83F4PWW.
Full textUrch, R. Bruce. "Controlled Human Exposures to Concentrated Ambient Fine Particles and Ozone: Individual and Combined Effects on Cardiorespiratory Outcomes." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26250.
Full textMoxey, Annette Jane. "Evidence-based patient decision making: the development of a decision aid on blood transfusion." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1312391.
Full textBackground: Decision aids are structures education packages designed to foster shared decision making between patient physician. They are often used when there is confusion or disagreement associated with the values patients assigned to, and the evidence on, the various outcomes of the intervention in question. Blood transfusion relation to elective surgery is an area that requires both physicians and patients to carefully consider different treatment options. The issues of variation in transfusion practices, different personal values in regards to receiving blood, and the uncertainty as to whether the benefits of technologies aimed at minimising allogeneic blood use (e.g. pre-operative autologous donation or PAD) outweigh the potential harms justify attempts to design a patient decision aid in this area. Aims: The overall aim of the thesis was to develop and pilot test a decision aid describing blood transfusion options to patients planning any type of major elective surgery (such as hip replacement or heart bypass). A series of studies and reviews were necessary to adequately inform the development of the decision aid. Hence, additional aims of the thesis were: to investigate whether the manner in which treatment effects are presented influence the healthcare decisions made by patients (information framing). ; To systematically review the evidence on the benefits and harms of PAD (e.g. need for allogeneic/autologous blood, other clinical outcomes). ; To examine the attitudes, beliefs, understanding and possible misconceptions of the general public, patients, special interest group members (e.g. Hepatitis C Council), and physicians regarding blood transfusion. Methods: The following studies were undertaken to inform the development of the decision aid: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the impact of information framing on patient treatment decision making; a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled observational studies on PAD; and a survey (administered as a computer assisted telephone interview) of the views and opinions of physicians, patients, patients, and the public about blood transfusion. Decision aid development was guided by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. The initial evaluation stages involved drafting and re-drafting the decision content by a group of experts in the fields of haematology, internal medicine, epidemiology, and health psychology. The final draft of the decision aid was reviewed by health professionals and patients who were about to have or had recently undergone major elective surgery. Participants provided feedback on its acceptability and identified areas for improvement during a semi-structures telephone interview. The decision aid was also quality assessed using the CREDIBLE criteria. Results: The results of a systematic review on information framing indicated that numerical data should be presented in more than one way to ensure patients form an accurate perception of treatment worth. In general, surgical and medical treatments tended to be preferred when information was expressed in a survival (positive) frame compared to a mortality (negative) frame, or when expressed as relative risk reduction (RRR) as opposed to absolute risk reduction (ARR) or number needed to treat (NNT) frames. The systematic review of controlled observational studies on PAD produced similar results to those from randomised controlled trials: PAD statistically significantly decreased the need for allogeneic blood yet increased the likelihood of receiving any transfusion (allogeneic/autologous) compared to usual care. Most studies (75%) did not use a transfusion protocol and seven studies reported using a more liberal protocol for the transfusion of autologous blood compared to allogeneic blood. Due to the paucity of research examining other clinical outcomes such as infection and thrombosis, there is insufficient data to determine the impact PAD may have on these outcomes. In surveys with patients, special interest group members and the public, one-third of respondents voiced concern with receiving an allogeneic blood transfusion, and most respondents overestimated the probability of contracting HIV and HCV through a blood transfusion when compared to other events of equal risk (e.g. being struck by lightning). Approximately 80% of respondents preferred PAD due to the perception that it eliminated all risks associated with a blood transfusion, is 100% compatible, and that it helps others through contributing to the blood supply. Although approximately half of the physicians interviewed used a transfusion trigger or protocol, individual patient characteristics were the main factor driving the decision of whether to transfuse. However, some respondents were critical of those who either did (or did not) use protocols, while others modified the "science of the guidelines" according to the needs of the individual. The final draft of the decision aid asked patients to consider the point at which they would prefer to receive a blood transfusion after major elective surgery (using haemoglobin values or transfusion "triggers" as a guide) and to decide whether or not to use PAD. The decision aid, "Blood Transfusion Options for Planned Surgery: A Decision Aid for Patients", consisted of a 32-page A5 size booklet and 28-minute audio tape or CD. The decision aid included the following sections: information about blood and blood loss; facts about blood transfusions; blood transfusions an you; your transfusion preference after surgery; approaches to replacing blood less; the differences between volunteer-donated and self-donated blood; adverse effects of blood transfusion; frequently asked questions; steps in decision making; and scientific references. A decision slip was included at the back of the booklet for patients to complete and return to their surgeon. Patients felt that the decision aid removed fears and common misconceptions associated with blood transfusion by providing them with more knowledge and realistic expectations of transfusion risks. Importantly, health professionals and patients felt that the information in the decision aid was presented in a balanced way and that it did not coerce patients to choose one particular option over another. Pilot data revealed that although the decision aid was generally well received, a number of revisions will be required before successful implementation. Important changes include; updating all information for recency; providing better explanations of numerical data; reducing the amount of information where appropriate; tailoring the decision aid for use in orthapaedic surgery (due to reduced utilisation rates of PAD); and clarifying the role of transfusion triggers in the decision aid, including whether it is appropriate to involved patients in that stage of the decision making process. The format of the decision aid also needs to be reconsidered (i.e. computer-based or continue with print and audio material) as costs and time restraints were highlighted as potential barriers to its use in practice. Based on the CREDIBLE criteria, the decision aid requires an updating policy, accessible documentation of the development process, and formal evaluation using a before-after pilot-study/randomised controlled trial. Conclusion: The task of developing and evaluating a decision aid on blood transfusion was found to be very complex and demanding. For instance, a number of in-depth studies were needed to adequately inform decision aid development and the decision aid still requires formal evaluation. However, the findings from the research undertaken in the thesis also reinforced the need for a decision aid on blood transfusion - the evidence on the benefits and harms of blood transfusion and PAD is controversial, practice variation exists, and personal values influenced patient and physician views of blood transfusion and PAD. Despite receiving positive feedback from health professionals and patients, the decision aid requires some significant modifications. Reduced utilisation rates of PAD indicate that a generic decision aid for procedures other than major orthopaedic surgery may not be relevant in practice. Although the issues surrounding blood transfusion justify the need for a decision aid, the desire for both patients and physicians for limited patient involvement regarding the decision of when to give a blood transfusion (using transfusion triggers as a guide) suggests that the aims of the decision aid in this area need to be reconsidered. However, as the number of older Australians undergoing major elective surgery rises due to population ageing, the availability of decision aids that adequately inform patients of the benefits and harms of blood transfusion and the option of PAD will be imperative. With further revision and evaluation, this decision aid should fulfill its promise as an effective tool for education patients about blood transfusion.
De, Brito Pereira Helaine. "Contribution of tachykinin and kinin receptors in central autonomic control of blood pressure and behavioural activity in hypertensive rats." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4703.
Full textCe travail vise à étudier le rôle du récepteur NK-3 des tachykinines (NK-3R) et du récepteur B1 des kinines (B1R) dans la régulation autonomique centrale de la pression artérielle et de déterminer si le B1R est surexprimé et fonctionnel chez le rat hypertendu en mesurant l’effet d’antagoniste B1R sur l’activité comportementale. Hypothèses: (1) le NK-3R localisé dans l’aire tegmentale ventrale (VTA) module l’activité dopaminergique du système mésolimbique et possède une activité tonique dans l’hypertension; (2) le B1R est surexprimé dans le cerveau du rat hypertendu et possède une activité tonique qui contribue à l’hypertension via un mécanisme dopaminergique; (3) l’inhibition des NK-3R et B1R avec des antagonistes sélectifs réduit l’hyperactivité dopaminergique centrale et renverse l’hypertension. Un modèle d’hypertension génétique et un modèle d’hypertension expérimentale ont été utilisés: le rat spontanément hypertendu (SHR, 16 sem) et le rat Wistar Kyoto (WKY) infusé pendant 14 jours avec l’angiotensine II (Ang II) (200 ng/kg/min, s.c. avec mini pompe Alzet). Le rat WKY non traité du même âge a servi de témoin commun. Dans la première étude (article # 1), la réponse cardiovasculaire des SHR a été évaluée à la suite de l’injection i.c.v. et/ou intra-VTA d’un agoniste (senktide) et d’antagonistes (SB222200 et R-820) du NK-3R. Ces réponses ont aussi été caractérisées en utilisant des antagonistes sélectifs des récepteurs DA-D1R (SCH23390), DA-D2R (raclopride) ou non-sélectif DA-D2R (halopéridol). Aussi le VTA a été détruit par l’acide iboténique. La réponse pressive induite par senktide et la réponse anti-hypertensive induite par SB222200 ou R-820 étaient plus marquées par la voie intra-VTA. Ces réponses ont été prévenues par un pré-traitement avec le raclopride et l’halopéridol. La lésion du VTA a prévenu la réponse pressive relayée par le senktide (i.c.v.) ainsi que l’effet anti-hypertenseur du R-820 (i.c.v.). De plus, le SB222200 (intra-VTA) a prévenu la réponse pressive du senktide (i.c.v.) et inversement, le senktide (i.c.v.) a prévenu l’effet anti-hypertenseur du SB222200 (intra-VTA). La deuxième étude (article # 2) a montré que l’antagoniste du B1R (SSR240612) administré par gavage ou i.c.v. renverse l’hypertension artérielle dans les deux modèles. Cet effet dépresseur a été prévenu par le raclopride ainsi que l’halopéridol. Par contre, le traitement avec deux antagonistes du B1R (R-715 et R-954) qui ne traversent pas la barrière hémo-encéphalique a réduit faiblement la pression artérielle chez les rats hypertendus. Dans la troisième étude (article # 3), l’injection i.c.v. d’un agoniste sélectif du B1R, le Sar[DPhe8][des-Arg9]BK a causé des réponses comportementales typiques chez le SHR et le rat traité à l’Ang II mais il n’a pas eu d’effet chez le rat témoin WKY. Les réponses induites par l’agoniste B1R ont été bloquées par un antagoniste du récepteur NK-1(RP67580), un antagoniste du récepteur NMDA du glutamate (DL-AP5), un inhibiteur des synthétases du monoxyde d’azote (NOS) (L-NNA) ainsi qu’avec le raclopride et le SCH23390. Les réponses ont été modestement influencées par l’inhibiteur de la NOS inductible (iNOS). L’ARNm du B1R (mesuré par RT-PCR) était significativement augmenté dans l’hypothalamus, le VTA et le noyau accumbens des animaux hypertendus (SHR et traités à l’Ang II) comparativement aux rats témoins. Ces études neuropharmacologiques suggèrent : (1) que le NK-3R du VTA est impliqué dans le maintien de l’hypertension chez le SHR en augmentant la transmission DA au niveau du mésenséphale. (2) Le B1R chez le SHR et les rats traités à l’Ang II contribue à l’hypertension artérielle via un mécanisme central impliquant le DA-D2R. (3) le B1R central augmente l’activité locomotrice et les comportements défensifs, via la relâche de substance P (NK-1), de DA et de NO dans un modèle d’hypertension génétique et expérimental chez le rat. Ainsi, les récepteurs cérébraux NK-3 des tachykinines et B1 des kinines représentent des cibles thérapeutiques potentielles pour le traitement de l’hypertension artérielle. La modulation de la voie dopaminergique mésolimbique/mésocorticale par ces récepteurs suggère une participation dans d’autres fonctions physiologiques (plaisir, activité motrice, coordination de la réponse au stress) et en pathophysiologie (anxiété, dépression).
Coelho, Nuno Filipe Ramos. "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr): a therapeutic target for systemic hypertension associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/102012.
Full textABSTRACT: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that has becoming a more prevalent clinical condition in recent years. This clinical condition is responsible for a wide range of comorbidities, in particular systemic hypertension (HTN). OSA’s etiopathogenesis includes four clinical features, namely, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), hypercapnia, increased intrathoracic pressure and sleep fragmentation. Among them, CIH is a well-established factor in the development of HTN. OSA is a major cause of resistant HTN, which means that the correct therapeutic strategy to control this particular type of HTN is still undefined. In fact, the antihypertensive effect of continuous positive airway pressure - CPAP (OSA’s gold standard therapeutic procedure) is moderate, and even traditional antihypertensive drugs show some lack of efficacy to control OSA-induced HTN, urging to find new suitable antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, the investigation for novel therapeutic targets is a hot topic in the field of OSA. Animal models of OSA, reproducing its major feature, CIH, have been used to investigate the mechanisms of HTN associated to CIH, in order to seek new therapeutic approaches, as this is the case of the present dissertation. The general goal of this thesis is to find a novel therapeutic target to HTN induced by CIH, with the use of an animal model. Most of the pharmacological approaches for HTN in CIH consisted in the abrogation of the sympathetic and/or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems (RAAS), with some positive results, but still with weak outcomes. Indeed, previous results from our group showed that carvedilol (an α-and β -adrenergic blocker) had no antihypertensive effect in an animal model of HTN induced by CIH. These facts led us to deduce that other signaling pathways directly stimulated by CIH at cellular level should be investigated and pharmacologically manipulated to infer its effect over BP. We believe that transcription factors, as they are involved in long-term adaptive regulations, are plausible mechanistic bridges between the immediate cyclical intermittent hypoxia cycles and the long-term deleterious effects of CIH-OSA, as HTN. With this in mind, four major arguments converge to sustain the assumption that the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) might be a putative mechanistic link between CIH and HTN: 1) Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a hypoxic signaling pathway known to be triggered by CIH, and AHR share the same binding partner to assist their canonical activation routes, suggesting a potential crosstalk/interplay between HIF-1 and AHR; 2) AHR has an important role in the regulation of blood pressure; 3) Some of the molecular mechanisms leading to HTN are common for AHR and CIH (RAAS activation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, regulation of central cardiovascular areas (for instance, in brainstem); 4) CIH, as a chronic inflammatory state, can lead to the overproduction of certain metabolites known to be AHR ligands (e.g. kynurenine metabolites). Thus, the working hypothesis of this thesis is the following: CIH upregulates the AHR circuitry, and consequently contributes to the development of systemic HTN. This thesis aims to investigate, for the first time, the effect of CIH on the AHR circuitry and the consequences of its pharmacological manipulation on HTN induced by CIH. In order to pursue this objective, male Wistar Han rats, aged 8-12 weeks, were exposed to a mild CIH paradigm (5.6 cycles/hour, 10.5 hours/day, from 9.30am to 8pm). We initiated our experiments by exposing groups of rats to a time-course of CIH. Groups of rats were exposed to 14, 21 and 60 days of CIH, and for each time-point, a corresponding control/normoxic (Nx) group was also used (n=5-8/group). At the end of the exposure, the animals were sacrificed and blood and several organs (renal cortex, renal medulla, liver, visceral adipose tissue, spleen and hippocampus) were collected. From those organs, we extracted total ribonucleic acids (RNA) to perform quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (qPCR) for several genes, namely genes involved in the AHR pathway (Ahr, Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Cyp1a2, Arnt), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) family (Hif1a, Epas1, Hif3a, Vegfa), NF-kB pathway (Rela, Nfkb2, Il6, Il1b), RAAS members (Ren,Ace, Agtr1) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis markers (Fn1, Vim, Cdh1, Col1a1, Acta2). Moreover, considering that CIH is an oxidative stress disorder, we analyzed, by HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FD), the dynamic of cysteine (Cys), an important antioxidant thiol, in the renal tissues of rats exposed to the CIH time-course. We also quantified several tryptophan metabolites by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in plasma and urine of several time-points (1, 7, 14, 21 and 60 days) and in kidney of CIH-exposed rats (21 days). Following these experiments, we modulated pharmacologically the AHR pathway, with an AHR antagonist, CH-223191 (5 mg/kg, once a day, by oral gavage in 1 ml of vegetable oil). We used the antagonist in two major sets of experiments. One set was designed to investigate particularly the preventive role of this compound on CIH-induced HTN, while the other aimed to determine its capacity to revert this outcome. BP and HR measurements were determined by radiotelemetry, at 8am (active period, lights-off) and 6pm (inactive period, lights-on). Following 21 days of CIH exposure, RAAS genes were overexpressed in the kidney, as well as some HIF family genes (Hif1a, Epas1 and Hif3a). Rela mRNA expression was upregulated after 21 days and Nkfb2 after 60 days of CIH, in the renal cortex. Visceral adipose tissue mRNA expressions of Nfkb2 and Il6 were increased, reflecting the inflammatory effects of CIH on the adipose tissue. In the same time-point (21 days), expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes was increased (Fn1 and Vim overexpressions) in the kidney. Kidney cysteine dynamic was altered with hypoxia. Over time, we found an overall decrease in total cysteine content and in the protein bound fraction, and a U-shaped variation in their redox couple (reduced/oxidized), suggesting that kidney is susceptible to the oxidative damage triggered by CIH.In addition, we observed, in the kidney, an elevated kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR), revealing a pro-kynurenine state, which may lead to AHR activation. In contrast, we found increased plasma levels of several serotonin-related metabolites. The AHR antagonist, CH-223191, was able to prevent and revert partially the HTN during the active phase of the animals (lights-off period). However, during the inactive phase (lights-on, simultaneous to the hypoxic cycles), the antihypertensive effect of the AHR antagonist was absent. Also, the compound did not recover the loss of the dipping profile of BP and HR originated by CIH. In conclusion, the AHR pathway seems to be overactivated in the kidney, upon CIH exposure, and its pharmacological modulation was able to counteract the increased BP, showing a significant antihypertensive during the active period. These results stimulate further studies to clarify the full potential of this pathway as a novel therapeutic target to HTN induced by CIH/OSA, as well as their mechanisms of action.
PTDC/MED-TOX/30418/2017
Liu, I.-Chien, and 劉怡芊. "TRIZ Systematic Innovation to Seek for the Emergency Treatment Time for the Patients in Intensive Care Unit - Real-Time Monitoring of the Blood Ionic Concentration First Aid Instrument." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/353fe3.
Full text國立勤益科技大學
資訊工程系
102
The main reason to cause lethal heart rhythm VF / VT is that ICU patients have been found out the concentration of ions were imbalance in blood in the process of first aid. However, the recently diagnosis can only use blood testing to see whether the concentration of ions is normal or not, while it should take more than 30 minutes and usually delay the best first aid time then finally lead death. In this study, we use TRIZ theory, to solve the problem which the concentration of sodium, potassium calcium in blood are imbalance cause VF/ VT (lethal heart rhythm) by emergency course of ICU patient. We conduct the innovative research thinking. We analyze our thinking and reference step by step through using TRIZ theory. We can design a machine that monitor the concentration of minerals in blood in real time. Then we can monitor, inspect, record, building the database and treat the medicine by the concentration of minerals in blood. to cure the patient that the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium are imbalance. In TRIZ Systematic Innovation, it use Problem Description, Problem Definition, then use 9 Windows Method to consider the useable and unusable resources and the constraints it may happen. Also, consider the useful and harmful effects, then find out the usable resources and harmful effects that need to be avoid. After that, redefined problems thinking the authenticity of the problems then drawing out the system model using ideality to help delimiting problems, and finally find out the IFR (Ideal Final Result). The choosing tools are to guide the problems already solved to correct solution tools. To think and find out the useful principles and parameters to solve the problems in 40 Inventive Principles and 39 Engineering Parameters and choose the improving factors and worsening factors from Contradictions Matrix then thinking and proving. After all design the products.