Journal articles: 'Blood Agglutination'

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Gurkan, Mehmet, Şevket Arikan, Ebru Ozaytekin, and Tamer Dodurka. "Titres of alloantibodies against A and B blood types in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey: Assessing the transfusion reaction risk." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 7, no. 5 (October 2005): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2005.03.003.

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The severity of a transfusion reaction depends on alloantibody titres within the recipients' blood. Determination of an agglutination titre of naturally occurring alloantibody may help to assess the risk of transfusion reactions following an unmatched transfusion in a cat population. In this group of 312 cats 227 had blood type A, 78 had blood type B, and seven had type AB blood. All type B cats tested showed gross evidence of agglutinating anti-A antibody with plasma titres ranging from 2 to 256. Among the 227 type A domestic cats tested for plasma anti-B alloantibody titres, 70% had gross agglutination with titres ranging from 2 to 16, while 17.6% had microscopic agglutination. The remaining 12.4% of the type A cats were negative for both gross and microscopic agglutination. Based on agglutinating titres, the relative risk of a transfusion reaction when type A or AB blood was given to a type B cat was 6.4% with acute severe reaction, acute mild reactions in 85.9% and premature red cell destruction in 7.7%. On the other hand, transfusion of type AB blood or type B blood to type A cats carries a potential risk of acute mild transfusion reaction in 4.4% and premature red cell destruction in 83.3%. Transfusion of type A or B blood to type AB cats results in no apparent clinical transfusion reactions.

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Omer, Sherko A. "Incidence of Rose Bengal Positive Agglutination Test Among Blood Donors in Sulaimani Blood Bank." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2003): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10129.

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Chen, Ding-Ping, Chen Chen, Pei-Yu Wu, Yen-Heng Lin, Wei-Tzu Lin, and Yi-Liang Yan. "Micro-Droplet Platform for Exploring the Mechanism of Mixed Field Agglutination in B3 Subtype." Biosensors 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11080276.

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B3 is the most common subtype of blood group B in the Taiwanese population, and most of the B3 individuals in the Taiwanese population have the IVS3 + 5 G > A (rs55852701) gene variation. Additionally, a typical mixed field agglutination is observed when the B3 subtype is tested with anti-B antibody or anti-AB antibody. The molecular biology of the gene variation in the B3 subtype has been identified, however, the mechanism of the mixed field agglutination caused by the type B3 blood samples is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the reason for the mixed field agglutination caused by B3. A micro-droplet platform was used to observe the agglutination of type B and type B3 blood samples in different blood sample concentrations, antibody concentrations, and at reaction times. We found that the agglutination reaction in every droplet slowed down with an increase in the dilution ratio of blood sample and antibody, whether type B blood or type B3 blood was used. However, as the reaction time increased, the complete agglutination in the droplet was seen in type B blood, while the mixed field agglutination still occurred in B3 within 1 min. In addition, the degree of agglutination was similar in each droplet, which showed high reproducibility. As a result, we inferred that there are two types of cells in the B3 subtype that simultaneously create a mixed field agglutination, rather than each red blood cell carrying a small amount of antigen, resulting in less agglutination.

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Syahputra, Hadi, and Sepsa Nur Rahman. "Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Golongan Darah dan Rhesus dengan Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560." Indonesian Journal of Computer Science 7, no. 1 (August 4, 2018): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33022/ijcs.v7i1.61.

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The aim of the research is to design the tools used to detect and determine blood type. Blood and rhesus group detection can usually be done manually through a process of testing red blood cells with antisera (serum) to see if blood that has been given antisera (serum) occurs agglutination (agglutination) or non-agglutination (not clot). In this study, blood type and rhesus detection was designed electronically using ABO blood type and Rhesus system. It is designed using three pairs of light sensor, LED sensor as transmitter and Photodioda as receiver, comparator circuit and arduino mega 2560 microcontroller. Agglutination sensor or non-agglutination reaction of blood sample mixed with antisera. Next, it sends the voltage to be conditioned by the comparator circuit then sent to the microcontroller for processing and the blood type and rhesus readings will be displayed on the LCD screen.

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Barakoti, Achut, Junu Richhinbung Rai, Ram Prasad Adhikari, and Laxmi Kant Khanal. "Comparison of Antibody Titre Against Salmonella Species among Healthy Individuals and Febrile Patients." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i3.20860.

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Background: Widal tube agglutination test is a widely used laboratory test for diagnosis of enteric fever especially in resource limited countries where blood culture are not routinely available. We studied the titres from different groups including febrile and healthy populations in order to identify the significant agglutination titre. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into three groups: 1) 60 healthy blood samples from volunteer students, 2) 60 febrile non-typhoidal cases and 3) 58 culture positive patient for enteric fever. Results: Among 60 apparently healthy volunteers, agglutination of ≥ 1:20 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi were seen in 40 and 46 samples respectively. A significant proportion of sample had a titre of ≥1:80 (n=19) and 1:160 (n=14) for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi respectively among healthy individuals. Similar observations were seen in febrile non typhoidal cases except for one which had a titre of ≥1:320 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. In blood culture positive typhoid cases, 56 samples showed agglutinations of ≥1:80 for both anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. However two of the total sample tested showed no agglutinations. In all cases from three groups, anti-H titre for S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A and B were below 1:80. Conclusions: Widal test can be used as presumptive diagnostic tool in all the suspected cases of enteric fever if the titres are specifically raised.Keywords: enteric fever; titre; widal aggultination test.

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An, Hyun Hyung, Jean Ann Maguire, Alyssa Gagne, Paul Gadue, Deborah L. French, Connie M. Westhoff, and Stella T. Chou. "Detection of Rh Antibodies in Patient Plasma Using Genome Engineered Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Red Cells." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151202.

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Abstract Background: Despite transfusion of Rh matched red cells for patients with sickle cell disease, Rh alloimmunization remains a persistent challenge. Rh specificities can be complex, resulting from RH genetic diversity found in patients and donors. Antibody identification is hampered by the lack of appropriate reagent red cells, especially those that can identify antibodies against high prevalence or low prevalence Rh antigens. We used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with the goal of producing renewable red cell reagents to both screen for Rh alloimmunization and to aid complex antibody identification. Methods: We generated a panel of iPSCs that include Rh null, D--, lack the high prevalence antigens hr S or hr B, or express uncommon Rh antigens such as V, VS, Go a, or DAK. For the Rh null line, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genetic engineering to disrupt RHCE via a large deletion in a D- iPSC. For D--, RHD was inserted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus of an Rh null iPSC line using zinc finger nucleases resulting in a line that constitutively expresses RhD but no RhCE. iPSCs with uncommon variants were reprogrammed from RH genotyped donors or engineered similar to the generation of the D-- line. Hematopoietic differentiation by embryoid body formation was used to generate hematopoietic progenitors that were subsequently cultured towards the erythroid lineage. Mature iRBCs were ficin treated and tested with patient plasma with previously identified Rh antibodies using gel agglutination assays. Results: Rh null iPSC-derived RBCs (iRBCs) showed complete absence of cell surface Rh protein by flow cytometry, while D-- iRBCs showed Rh protein expression levels comparable to D-ce+ iRBCs using an anti-D/CE antibody. We assessed RBC agglutination of Rh null, D--, hr S-, hr B-, VVS+, Go a+, and DAK+ iRBCs using standard Rh typing reagents (Ortho). The reprogrammed uncommon donor iRBCs agglutinated with monoclonal anti-Rh antibodies as predicted by RH genotype, while the Rh null iRBCs showed no agglutination with all 5 common Rh antibodies and D-- iRBCs showed agglutination with anti-D reagents only. Rh null iRBCs showed no agglutination against patient plasma containing anti-D, while D-- iRBCs agglutinated. While D- RHCE*ce homozygous iRBCs showed strong agglutination against patient plasma containing anti-hr S, Rh null, D--, and hr S- iRBCs did not agglutinate. No iRBCs showed agglutination by plasma containing anti-V/VS while VVS+ iRBCs showed strong agglutination. Similarly, no iRBCs showed agglutination by plasma containing anti-Go a while Go a+ iRBCs showed strong agglutination. Detection of most antibodies against Rhce on iRBCs was enhanced by ficin treatment whereas antibodies with D specificity did not require ficin treated cells for detection. Conclusion: We suggest that genetically engineered iPSCs expressing uncommon Rh antigen phenotypes that are difficult or impossible to obtain from red cell donors can expedite antibody identification. Rh null and D-- iRBCs could be useful to discriminate antibodies against RhD versus RhCE. Customized iPSCs that lack high prevalence or express low prevalence Rh antigens could potentially standardize antibody evaluation in patients with complex Rh specificities. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Sivakumaran, Muttuswamy. "Rituximab-induced tumor cell agglutination." Blood 100, no. 7 (October 1, 2002): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-05-1614.

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Liu, Junling, Tamara I. Pestina, Michael C. Berndt, Carl W. Jackson, and T. Kent Gartner. "Botrocetin/VWF-induced signaling through GPIb-IX-V produces TxA2 in an αIIbβ3- and aggregation-independent manner." Blood 106, no. 8 (October 15, 2005): 2750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-04-1667.

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AbstractBinding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex initiates a signaling cascade that causes αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation. Previous work demonstrated that botrocetin (bt)/VWF–mediated agglutination activates αIIbβ3 and elicits adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion in a thromboxane A2 (TxA2)– and Ca2+-dependent manner. This agglutination-elicited TxA2 production occurs in the absence of ATP secretion. However, the signaling components and signaling network or pathway activated by GPIb-mediated agglutination to cause TxA2 production have not been identified. Therefore, the focus of this study was to elucidate at least part of the signal transduction network or pathway activated by GPIb-mediated agglutination to cause TxA2 production. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) selective inhibitor wortmannin, and mouse platelets deficient in Lyn, Src, Syk, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain–containing leukocyte protein 76 (SLP-76), phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2), linker for activation of T cells (LAT), or Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ-chain) were used for these studies. LAT and FcRγ-chain were found not to be required for agglutination-driven TxA2 production or activation of αIIbβ3, but were required for granule secretion and aggregation. The results also clearly demonstrate that bt/VWF-mediated agglutination-induced TxA2 production is dependent on signaling apparently initiated by Lyn, enhanced by Src, and propagated through Syk, SLP-76, PI3K, PLCγ2, and protein kinase C (PKC).

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Takeshita, T., J. Horiguchi, T. Kinoshita, Y. Kubota, P.-C. Chen, S. Katsumata, F. Horimukai, et al. "Latex agglutination test for fecal occult blood." Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 38, no. 7 (1985): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.38.780.

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Robb, J. S., D. J. Roy, P. Ghazal, J. Allan, and J. Petrik. "Development of non-agglutination microarray blood grouping." Transfusion Medicine 16, no. 2 (April 2006): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3148.2005.00628.x.

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Arnold, Savittree Rochanasmita, Tussatrin Kruatong, Chanyah Dahsah, and Duongdearn Suwanjinda. "The classroom-friendly ABO blood types kit: blood agglutination simulation." Journal of Biological Education 46, no. 1 (March 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2011.556750.

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Zubcevic, Nadja, Suljevic Damir, Muhamed Focak, and Dunja Rukavina. "Effects of Plant Lectins on Human Erythrocyte Agglutination." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0031.

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AbstractPlant lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins or phytohaemagglutinins present in most plants, especially seeds and tubers, which include cereals, potatoes and beans. Lectins have great significance in the diet because of their involvement in gastrointestinal difficulties and erythrocyte agglutination. Blood agglutination activity against A, B, AB and O groups was shown after exposing blood to extracts obtained from 55% of tested plants, while in 45% of plants, agglutination was absent. The results of our study have shown that in humans, 40% of plant extracts exhibited activity against A, 40% of plant extracts exhibited activity against B, and 50% of plant extracts exhibited activity against AB and O groups in humans. The concentration of plant lectins depends on the part of the plant. Lectins from the seeds of certain plants cause the greatest percentage of erythrocyte agglutination, while the lowest agglutination was caused by plant bulbs and leaves. However, lectins derived from all plant species of the family Fabaceae agglutinated erythrocytes of all blood types to some extent.

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Chan, Ernest, and Girish Venkataraman. "Red cell agglutination in infectious mononucleosis." Blood 127, no. 9 (March 3, 2016): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-12-684381.

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Huet, Maxime, Myriam Cubizolles, and Arnaud Buhot. "Red Blood Cell Agglutination for Blood Typing Within Passive Microfluidic Biochips." High-Throughput 7, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ht7020010.

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Tejasvi, M. L. Avinash, Jaya Laksmi Bukkya, Pandu Ranga Rao, and Harsha Bhayya. "Evaluation of the Secretor Status of ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva using Absorption Inhibition Method." Global Medical Genetics 08, no. 01 (February 23, 2021): 019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723083.

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AbstractObjectives While DNA profiling has become the principal technique for individualization of biological evidences, ABO blood grouping is still a useful test method in the initial stages of crime investigation. Objectives of the study were blood group determination using slide agglutination method, blood group determination from saliva using absorption inhibition method, and comparison of slide agglutination method with that of absorption inhibition method from saliva sample.Materials and Methods A total of 60 subjects were taken randomly with their age ranging from 20 to 60 years. Sixty subjects were divided in to two groups, study group and control group. 5 to 10 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from 60 patients and Wieners agglutination test was performed to detect the secretor status of blood using absorption inhibition method and compared with that of slide agglutination methodResults Out of 60 subjects, 52 subjects showed secretors of antigen in saliva with percentage value of 86.66% and eight subjects were nonsecretors (13.33%). Slightly higher percentage of secretor status was seen in males 84.6 and 88.2% in females.Conclusion Evaluation of secretor status of blood group antigen from saliva using absorption inhibition method can be useful method in identification of medicolegal cases.

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Selvi, Thamarai. "Detection of RBC Agglutination in Blood Typing Tests Using Integrated Light Eye Technology (ILEyeT)." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (March 31, 2020): 1822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201668.

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Holman, William L., Shirley H. Smith, Rosemary Edwards, and Shu T. Huang. "Agglutination of blood cardioplegia by cold reacting autoantibodies." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 51, no. 5 (May 1991): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(91)90145-g.

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Nepal, Bipin, Bikash Shrestha, Ravi Mahat, and Abish Adhikari. "Acquired B antigen in ABO blood group system: Non-secretor group 'A1' subtype, Rh positive with auto antibodies in a patient with urinary tract infection with E. coli." Grande Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gmj.v1i1.22411.

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This is case report of a female with “A” sub type with acquired B antigen and non-secretor status, first ever reported with this combination in Nepal, during blood grouping of a sample of a patient with urinary tract infection. The patient was referred to our center for blood grouping, cross matching and transfusion due to severe anemia. During routine blood grouping, the red cells showed mixed field agglutination with anti-A, anti- AB and microscopic agglutination with anti-B. On serum grouping, we detected potent Anti-B and no agglutination with anti-A. There was no reaction with anti-A both at room temperature and at 37°C. Her cells were further tested with A1 Lectin and Anti-H antisera. There was strong reaction with A1 Lectin and 3+ macroscopic reaction with anti-H in addition to a positive auto-control. Her direct antiglobulin test was only +1 positive. For her “B” antigen, we acidified B antisera with HCl, which did not give any macro or microscopic agglutination with patient’s red cells. Her “Rh” status was positive and on examining the saliva, she was found to be non-secretor. The first choice of blood group for transfusion in this case is the “A1” sub type followed by “O” blood group. As the patient had already received “A” blood group and in the presence of auto antibodies, “A subgroup” blood transfusion should be avoided in her.

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Radojicic, Marina, Maja Markovic, Jakov Nisavic, Dejan Krnjaic, and Nemanja Zdravkovic. "Examining the presence of specific antibodies against Salmonella enteritidis in vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry." Veterinarski glasnik 70, no. 1-2 (2016): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1602003r.

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Introduction. The objective of our research was to point to the significance of serological diagnostic methods, that is, competitive immunoenzyme test - cELISA as well as the method of classical agglutination of O and H salmonella antigen, for specific antibodies against Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis presence and titre detection in blood serum samples of bothvaccinated and unvaccinated poultry. Material and methods. In our work, we have used commercial competitive immunoenzyme test - cELISA and classical agglutination method with O and H antigens of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis. Comparative testing included 177 blood serum samples of poultry, out of which 137 was from unvaccinated and 40 from vaccinated individuals originating from majority of poutry farms. Results. In 74 blood serum samples, that is 54,01% out of the total of tested samples originating from unvaccinated flocks, by the use of cELISA test, there were found specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis, while by the method of classical agglutination specific antibodies against O antigen 1,9 and 12 were found in 58 samples, that is in 42,34% , and specific antibodies against H antigen g and m were found in 61 samples,what was 44,53% . In all the tested blood serum samples of vaccinated poultry, there was determined the presence of of specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis, both by the use of competitive cELISA method and classical agglutination with somatic O and flagellar H antigens. By the statistical analysis of the results obtained by the method of classical agglutination and cELISA use of kappa test, there was found out a very good compliance (kappa=0,813). Conclusion. Based on the compared results of blood serum testing on the presence of specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis, it can be concluded that cELISA and classic agglutination with O and H antigen methods have a significant place in serological diagnostics of poultry samonelosis, because their application enables detection of the titre of specific antibodies against S. Enteritidis presence in the population of unvaccinated poultry sensitized with antigens of the mentioned causative agent, as well as in unvaccinated animals.

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Chen, Yu-Ping, Yuan-Yuan Qiao, Xiao-Hang Zhao, Hong-Song Chen, Yan Wang, and Zhuozhi Wang. "Rapid Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen by an Agglutination Assay Mediated by a Bispecific Diabody against Both Human Erythrocytes and Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 6 (April 18, 2007): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00310-06.

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ABSTRACT Bispecific antibodies have immense potential for use in clinical applications. In the present study, a bispecific diabody against human red blood cells (RBCs) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was used to detect HBsAg in blood specimens. The bispecific diabody was constructed by crossing over the variable region of the heavy chains and the light chains of anti-RBC and anti-HBsAg antibodies with a short linker, SRGGGS. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, this bispecific diabody showed specific binding to both RBCs and HBsAg. When this bispecific diabody was mixed with human blood specimens in the presence of HBsAg, the dual binding sites of the diabody caused agglutination of human RBCs. This diabody-mediated agglutination assay was then used to test 712 clinical blood specimens and showed 97.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity when the results were compared with those of the conventional immunoassay, which was used as a reference. This autologous RBC agglutination assay provides a simple approach for rapid screening for HBsAg in blood specimens.

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Ellidag, Hamit Yasar, Sibel Kulaksizoglu, Esin Eren, and Necat Yilmaz. "A novel method for negating cold agglutination interference by dithiothreitol during complete blood count and peripheral blood smear: a case study." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 89, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj89.02.116.

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Mitic, N., and Miroslava Jankovic. "Activity profile of the CA125 antigen towards human red blood cells." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 2 (2010): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1002271m.

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Starting from the mucin nature of the CA125 antigen and conditions associated with high serum concentrations, this study is an attempt to gain insight into its activity profile towards human erythrocytes. Carcinomaassociated and pregnancy-associated CA125 antigens were tested in agglutination/aggregation, adhesion and hemolysis assays. The results obtained indicated that CA125 antigens increased agglutination/aggregation and inhibited erythrocyte adhesion, but differed in their effective concentrations. Galectin-1 slightly modulated the effects observed. CA125 antigens had no effect on hemolysis. The activity profile of the CA125 antigen towards erythrocytes may have biomedical consequences in different microenvironments in relevant physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

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Johanis, Johanis, and Juli Soemarsono. "COLD AGGLUTININ PADA PENDERITA COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 18, no. 3 (October 14, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v18i3.379.

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Cold agglutinins at below physiologic body temperature can cause spontaneous agglutinations of erythrocytes. Cold agglutinins result from a particular antibodies activation on erythrocytes associated with a primary disease, including infection. The generation of antibody activates complement resulting in hemolysis. A 63-year-old man suffered from shortness of breath accompanied with productive cough, fever, right chest pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and occasionally vomiting. Physical examination showed an increase of pulse rate, respiration rate, and body temperature. Lung examination showed right intercostals retraction and rales in both lungs, but no abnormality detected in other organs. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia. EDTA whole blood showed spontaneous agglutinations at room temperature, however this did not occur by maintaining temperature at 37° C. Different complete blood count results were shown between agglutinated blood and absent of agglutination blood samples. As anti-I, anti-i, and/or anti-H was suspected, agglutinations for anti-A and anti-AB occurred by using ABO forward grouping test, whereas reverse grouping showed agglutinations for A, B, and O cells. Protein electrophoresis showed increase of alpha- 1 and gamma globulin; decrease of renal function; slightly increase of indirect bilirubin; and suspected Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Klebsiella pneumoniae. The diagnosis of this case was community acquired pneumonia and suspected ESBL. Cold agglutinins affected CBC evaluations mostly shown in the erithrocyte index, nevertheless this could prevented by maintaining at physiologic body temperature. Infection could induce activation of cold agglutinins.

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La Gioia, Antonio, Maurizio Fumi, Fabiana Fiorini, Paola Pezzati, Fiamma Balboni, Maria Bombara, Alessandra Marini, et al. "Short preheating at 41°C leads to a red blood cells count comparable to that in RET channel of Sysmex analysers in samples showing cold agglutination." Journal of Clinical Pathology 71, no. 8 (March 13, 2018): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204954.

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AimsThe presence of cold agglutinin in blood samples can cause a spontaneous agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) when low temperature occurs. This phenomenon causes a spurious lowering of RBC count on the automated haematological analysers that are detected by incongruous values (≥370 g/L) of the mean cellular haemoglobi concentration (MCHC). A preheating at 37°C can remove the RBC agglutination generally resulting in a reliable count. It has been reported that the same result can be reached by using the optical reticulocyte (RET) channel of Sysmex analysers where the RBC count is not influenced by the presence of cold agglutinin. This study aims to evaluate these data in a larger population, with regard to environmental conditions on Sysmex analysers. We have also evaluated the influence of different thermal pretreatments on the RBC count.MethodsThis study was performed on 96 remnants of peripheral blood samples (48 with MCHC in normal range and 48 with MCHC>370 g/L) which have been analysed in different preanalytical conditions on the Sysmex analysers.ResultsA preheating of samples at 41°C for 1 min leads to a reversibility of the cold agglutination comparable to the one observed in the RET channel and yields better results compared with 37°C for 2 hours.ConclusionsNone of described procedures assure the complete cold agglutination reversibility in every case. Consequently, since the haematological analysers not yet provide reliable parameters to confirm the complete resolution of agglutination, further verification of RBC count accuracy needs to be performed.

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Phillips, Stephen C. "Does alcohol-induced blood cell agglutination cause brain damage?" Journal of the Neurological Sciences 72, no. 1 (January 1986): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(86)90034-1.

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Zhou, Xuan, Xinshuo Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, and Lin Li. "An investigation of chitosan and its derivatives on red blood cell agglutination." RSC Advances 7, no. 20 (2017): 12247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27417j.

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Yeh, Su-Peng, Ci-Wen Chang, Hsien-Chen Lin, Chiu-Che Feng, and Jan-Gowth Chang. "Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies Do NOT Interfere Antibody Screening Test By Using Manual Polybrene, a Method be Recommended for Asian Population." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115111.

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Abstract Background: Daratumumab, a monoclonal antibody against human CD38, is an effective treatment for patients with multiple myeloma and has been licensed for this indication worldwide. Some other anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, such as Isatuximab, are now under active development. A major concern of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody treatment is the interference on blood compatibility test. Treating reagent erythrocytes with dithiothreitol (DTT) to denature surface CD38 is a robust method to mitigate this interference and this method has been validated internationally (Transfusion, 2016;56;2964-2972). However, the distribution of common alloreactive antibodies differed widely between Asian and Caucasian population. While column agglutination technology (CAT) is widely used in the western countries because of a much higher sensitivity in detecting Anti-K comparing to manual polybrene (MP) test, MP has a higher sensitivity in detecting anti-E, which is either the most common or frequently detected alloreactive antibody in Asia countries, including China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, India, Malaysia, and Thai. Furthermore, Anti-K is extremely rare in Asian population. It is therefore MP is still widely used at most medical centers in Taiwan. Nevertheless, the interference of Anti-CD38 on MP test is unknown. Methods: Per hospital guideline, all the patients planning to receive anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody treatment should have complete blood group typing and antibody screening prior to and after anti-CD38 treatment. Consecutive 11 patients receiving Daratumumab (N=7) and Isatuximab (N=4) at China Medical University Hospital were included in this study. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), and antibody screening tests (using MP, tube-CAT, and gel-CAT) were done before and after anti-CD38 treatment. In addition, repeat tube/gel-CAT with DTT-treated reagent erythrocytes (DTT-CAT) were done on blood specimens collected after anti-CD38 treatment. Since no alloantibody was detected in these patients, standard anti-E test serum was added into a Daratumumab-treated patient's serum and MP and DTT-CAT were done to compare the ability of these 2 methods in detecting anti-E. Results: Before the treatment of anti-CD38, alloreactive antibody was not detected in all the 11 patients. After anti-CD38 treatment, all the specimens of these patients showed pan-reactivity to the reagent erythrocytes (solid arrow of figure 1A as example) and DTT treatment mitigated this reaction (open arrow of figure 1B). Interestingly, all the specimens tested by MP showed no agglutination (solid arrowhead of figure 1C). Adding anti-E test serum into patient's serum and repeated the compatibility tests showed that a strong agglutination (solid arrow of figure 2A) on panel 1 erythrocytes (containing E+ RBC) and a weak agglutination on panel 2 and 3 erythrocytes (asterisks of figure 2A) by using CAT. With the DTT treatment, the strong agglutination on panel 1 erythrocytes persisted (open arrow of figure 2B) and the weak agglutination on panel 2 and 3 erythrocytes disappeared (asterisks of figure 2B). By using MP, the agglutination on panel 1 erythrocytes is very strong (solid arrowhead of figure 2C) and there was clearly no agglutination on panel 2 and 3 erythrocytes (asterisks of figure 2C). In addition, positive DAT was found in 2 patients after anti-CD38 treatment without clinical evidence of hemolysis. Conclusion: Our study for the first time showed that Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody treatment (both Daratumumab and Isatuximab) do NOT interfere with the blood compatibility test and do not jeopardize the ability of detecting anti-E by using manual polybrene. Since anti-E is the most common alloreactive antibody in Asian population and MP is more sensitive in detecting anti-E, MP is thus the preferred method for Asian patients who received anti-CD38 treatment. Furthermore, MP is also a viable alternative to DTT-CAT for blood bank when DTT is not readily available. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Yeh: GNT Biotech & Medicals Crop.: Research Funding.

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Korzh, M. O., V. A. Filipenko, F. S. Leontieva, D. V. Morozenko, O. P. Marushchak, and V. Yu Dielievska. "A Case of Agglutination and Hemolysis of Erythrocytes Caused by the Patient’s Own Plasma." Acta Medica Bulgarica 47, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2020-0008.

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AbstractThe aim of the work was to study the agglutination and hemolysis of erythrocytes under diff erent conditions in vitro in a patient with unknown cause of anemia and concomitant secondary instability of endoprosthesis.Material and methods. One percent (1%) suspension of erythrocytes of a woman, 61 years old, A (II) Rh- (negative) presented with anemia was incubated with her serum and plasma at pH 7.3, pH 5.8 and 9.0, as well as with IgM α and β antibodies. Unithiol was used to destroy IgM antibodies. The samples were incubated for 12 hours at 37° C, and the presence of the agglutination and hemolysis was evaluated.Results. The incubation of the plasma with unwashed erythrocytes of the patient led to the agglutination of the erythrocytes and the usage of the complement led to the hemolysis. After inactivation of IgM in the plasma the agglutination was absent and the hemolysis was present under usual conditions and at pH 5.8, whereas at pH 8.0 the hemolysis was attenuated, however a slight degree agglutination appeared. The usage of the complement led to the agglutination and the hemolysis, absent at pH 8.0. The plasma incubated with washed red blood cells and the complement led to the hemolysis. The incubation of the serum with washed erythrocytes led to the hemolysis at pH 5.8, attenuated after the usage of the complement. The contact of terbinophine with plasma and unwashed red blood cells led to the absence of both the hemolysis and the agglutination. Candida lusitaniae growth was detected in the plasma.Conclusions. The agglutination of unwashed erythrocytes by own plasma, attenuated in the alkaline medium and enhanced in the acid medium, as well as the absence of the agglutination after the usage of terbinophine and the hemolysis in the presence of the complement might be the signs of mycogenic and autoimmune origin of anemia with the activation of autoimmune complement – binding antibodies.

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NAJAFABADI, ES, M. KARIMI-DEHKORDI, and MJ DEHKORDI. "Evaluation of different types of feline blood groups in cats of Isfahan, Iran." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 72, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 3271. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29358.

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There is a high demand for pet veterinary care due to the increasing tendency to keep pets in Iranian households. These include blood transfusions because incompatible blood groups can lead to some negative effects such as isoerythrolysis in cats. This study was the first attempt to evaluate the distribution of blood type of cats in Iran. Blood samples were collected from 63 domestic short hair cats in Isfahan, Iran and blood groups were determined by the kit card agglutination method (Rapid Vet-H IC Feline kits, Agrolabo, Scarmagno, Italy). According to the results, the frequency of blood types of A, B, and AB were 96.8%, 3.2%, and 0%, respectively. Card agglutination method is a fast method with high validity. Therefore, it is recommended for determining blood types in donor and recipient in veterinary hospitals and breeding centers.

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Aristov, A. A., Yu A. Rozenbaum, and G. S. Evtushenko. "An Automated Method for Blood Type Determination by Red Blood Cell Agglutination Assay." Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 5 (January 2022): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-022-10129-y.

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Trung, Nguyen Thi, and Truong Nam Hai. "STUDY ON MIXING ANTI-A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AND ANTI-B MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO MAKE ANTI-AB SAVE AS ABO BLOOD GROUPING REAGENT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/1/9372.

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So, it needs to balance the ratio of anti-A monoclonal antibody and anti-B monoclonal antibody in the mixing so that the possibility of agglutination is the best. In this paper, anti-A monoclonal antibody (titer is 1/256) and anti-B monoclonal antibody (titer is 1/256) was used. The best results were obtained at one volume anti A monoclonal antibody is mixed one volume anti-B monoclonal antibody. The anti-A,B antibody titer was 1/128 for red blood group A and it was 1/128 for red blood group B. The intensity of agglutination reached 3+ for both red blood group A and B.

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Shalby, N. A., A. M. Abo El-Maaty, A. H. Ali, and M. Elgioushy. "Acute phase biomarkers, oxidants, antioxidants, and trace minerals of mobile sheep flocks naturally infected with brucellosis." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 24, no. 4 (2021): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0002.

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This study assayed the acute phase responses of sheep seropositive to Brucella. Sera collected from ewes (n=160) were subjected to serological tests of Brucella, Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPAT), buffer acidified plate agglutination test (BAPAT), and complement fixation test (CFT). Results revealed that CFT was the most predictive test of brucellosis followed by BAPAT then RBPAT. The moderate predictive blood biochemical parameters were zinc and ascorbic acid. Ewes with low CFT titre (chronic) had low fibrinogen, copper, NO, and GPx. Seropositive animals had high blood concentrations of ascorbic acid and zinc.

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Gachet, C., R. Ennamany, O. Kretz, P. Ohlmann, C. Krause, EE Creppy, G. Dirheimer, and JP Cazenave. "Bolesatine induces agglutination of rat platelets and human erythrocytes and platelets in vitro." Human & Experimental Toxicology 15, no. 1 (January 1996): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719601500105.

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Bolesatine is a toxic glycoprotein isolated from the mushroom Boletus satanas Lenz, which has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free systems and cell culture. It is toxic to rodents, the LD50% 24 h being 1 mg kg-1 (i.p.) and 0.15 mg kg-1 (i.v) in the rat in which it induces hepatic blood stasis. Bolesatine possesses lectinic properties with in parti cular a sugar binding site for D-galactose and mitogenic activity toward lymphocytes. Tested for cell agglutination on red blood cells and platelets, bolesatine agglutinates both human and rat platelets from threshold concentrations of 30 and 300 nM respectively. EDTA and PGI2 (aggregation inhibitors) do not decrease the agglutination induced by bolesatine, indicating that the process does not involve platelet activation. In contrast, fibrinogen decreases platelet agglutination in duced by bolesatine, most likely by masking the binding sites on platelets or by interacting with the toxin. Bolesatine agglutinates all red blood cells without any blood group specificity in the concentration range of 20 to 40 nM. This haemagglutination cannot be prevented by sugars, including D-galactose at a concentration of 0.5 M.

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Alsayed, Yara, and Fawza Monem. "Brucellosis laboratory tests in Syria: what are their diagnostic efficacies in different clinical manifestations?" Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, no. 06 (May 3, 2012): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2453.

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Introduction: Diagnosis of brucellosis in Syria is based on the presence of compatible symptoms in addition to positive agglutination results. This study investigated the potential of culture, ELISA and real-time PCR to support the diagnosis in different clinical manifestations of brucellosis. Methodology: Peripheral blood samples from 34 suspected brucellosis patients and 42 probable chronic or relapsed brucellosis patients were tested by agglutination tests, culture, ELISA and real-time PCR. Results: Among 34 samples collected from suspected cases, 18/34 (53%) were agglutination tests positive, 12/34 (35%) were culture positive, 12/34 (35%) were Brucella IgG positive, and 10/34 (29%) were real-time PCR positive. Three out of 34 patients were positive by real-time PCR but not by agglutination tests or culture. Among 42 samples obtained from probable chronic or relapsed patients, 27/42 (64%) were agglutination tests positive, 26/42 (62%) were Brucella IgG positive, 4/42 (10%) were culture positive, and 1/42 (2%) was real-time PCR positive. Conclusion: To rule in or rule out the diagnosis of brucellosis, a combination of several tests should be applied. Agglutination tests should be performed first considering their high sensitivity. If the agglutination test is negative, real-time PCR, and/or ELISA, and/or culture should be performed. When relapse or chronic brucellosis are suspected, agglutination tests and/or ELISA are recommended.

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Golovkina, L. L., R. S. Kalandarov, O. S. Pshenichnikova, V. L. Surin, A. G. Stremoukhova, T. D. Pushkina, and B. B. Khasigova. "Identification of common and new rare types of weak RhD antigen in patients with blood diseases and healthy person." Oncohematology 14, no. 3 (October 20, 2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2019-14-3-52-59.

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Background. Rhesus phenotype has been determined in 404 persons which have problems with blood groups identification. Genetic typing of antigen RhD variants was performed in 73 individuals. Objective of the work was to give molecular and serological characteristics of the antigen RhD weak types.Materials and methods. Method of rhesus phenotype determination in direct agglutination test on plane by using of anti-D, anti-C, anti-c, anti-Cw, anti-E and anti-e monoclonal antibodies; gel method of rhesus phenotype determination; methods of genetic typing of RhD; methods of antigen RhD determination in the classic indirect antiglobulin test and in the gel indirect antiglobulin test; method of antigen RhD determination in the saline agglutination test.Results. Serological methods identified 73 red blood samples with the weakened expression of RhD antigen. Molecular methods showed the reasons of weakness of antigen expression. Three RHD*D weak types which are common in Russians (RHD*D weak type 1–3) were identified and for the first time 3 types were found – RHD*D weak type 67, RHD(G255R) and RHD(JVS5-38del4). Serological characteristic of RhD weak types was given. It was shown that combined using of monoclonal antibodies in direct agglutination test and in gel is the most effective serological method of the antigen variants detection. Red blood cells with weak RhD antigens can be recognized by weakness or absence of agglutination with monoclonal antibodies on plane if agglutination in gel was 3+4+.Conclusion. Concrete weak RhD variants can be determined only by genetic typing. Serologically weak antigen variants can be detected by using of at least two series of monoclonal antibodies or by using of two different methods (it is preferable).

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Hughes-Jones, Nevin, and Patricia Tippett. "Ruth Ann Sanger. 6 June 1918 – 4 June 2001." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 (January 2003): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2003.0027.

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Ruth Ann Sanger's scientific career was concerned with the delineation and mapping of human blood group genes by simple manual methods using, as tools, blood group antibodies and the agglutination reaction followed by statistical analysis of the results. Her active period coincided with the flowering of the whole subject of blood groups, which was initiated by the recognition of the clinical significance of the Rh antigens and the rediscovery of the antiglobulin reaction by Coombs, Mourant and Race (Coombs et al. 1945). In these days of ‘high-technology’ research, it is salutary to recognize that the complex body of knowledge that has been accumulated about blood groups has been derived by using the very simple technique of the visible cross-linking of red cells by antibodies specific for the blood group antigens present on the red cell surface. Landsteiner had by chance discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900 with the use of the agglutination reaction, but little progress was made in the next 45 years and we now know that the main reason for this is that most blood group antibodies are not physically capable of bringing about the cross-linking and agglutination of red cells on their own. This problem was solved by the introduction of the antiglobulin reaction, which uses a secondary antibody to bring about the cross-linking of blood group antibodies already attached to red cells.

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Liu, Junling, Malinda E. Fitzgerald, Michael C. Berndt, Carl W. Jackson, and T. Kent Gartner. "Bruton tyrosine kinase is essential for botrocetin/VWF-induced signaling and GPIb-dependent thrombus formation in vivo." Blood 108, no. 8 (October 15, 2006): 2596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-01-011817.

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AbstractBotrocetin (bt)-facilitated binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex on platelets in suspension initiates a signaling cascade that causes αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation. Previous work has demonstrated that bt/VWF-mediated agglutination activates αIIbβ3 and elicits ATP secretion in a thromboxane A2 (TxA2)-dependent manner. The signaling that results in TxA2 production was shown to be initiated by Lyn, enhanced by Src, and propagated through Syk, SLP-76, PI3K, PLCγ2, and PKC. Here, we demonstrate that the signaling elicited by GPIb-mediated agglutination that results in TxA2 production is dependent on Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk). The results demonstrate that Btk is downstream of Lyn, Syk, SLP-76, and PI3K; upstream of ERK1/2, PLCγ2, and PKC; and greatly enhances Akt phosphorylation. The relationship(s), if any, between ERK1/2, PLCγ2, and PKC were not elucidated. The requirement for Btk and TxA2 receptor function in GPIb-dependent arterial thrombosis was confirmed in vivo by characterizing blood flow in ferric chloride-treated mouse carotid arteries. These results demonstrate that the Btk family kinase, Tec, cannot provide the function(s) missing because of the absence of Btk and that Btk is essential for both bt/VWF-mediated agglutination-induced TxA2 production and GPIb-dependent stable arterial thrombus formation in vivo.

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Pongsunk, Supinya, Nittaya Thirawattanasuk, Nuanchan Piyasangthong, and Pattama Ekpo. "Rapid Identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Blood Cultures by a Monoclonal Antibody Assay." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 11 (1999): 3662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.11.3662-3667.1999.

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Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. In northeast Thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. The definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. In this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific to the 30-kDa protein of B. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of BALB/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. The MAb could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei but not with other gram-negative bacteria, except for one strain of Burkholderia mallei. However, the MAb cross-reacted with the gram-positive Bacillus sp. andStreptococcus pyogenes. B. pseudomallei in brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) subcultured from a BacT/Alert automated blood culture system could be identified by simple agglutination with this MAb assay. The sensitivity and specificity of direct agglutination compared to the “gold standard,” the culture method, were 94.12 and 98.25%, respectively. However, the MAb adsorbed to polystyrene beads or latex particles directly identified the bacterium in blood culture specimens and in BHIB subcultured from a BacT/Alert automated blood culture system. The sensitivity of the latex agglutination test was 100% for both blood culture and BHIB specimens. The specificity was 85.96 and 96.49% for the blood culture and BHIB specimens, respectively. The specificity could be increased if the nonspecific materials in the blood culture broths were eradicated by centrifugation at low speeds. Thus, a combination of blood culture and the agglutination method could be used for the rapid diagnosis of melioidosis in the routine bacteriological laboratory. This method could speed up detection of the bacterium in blood culture by at least 2 days, compared to the conventional bacterial culture method. In addition, the MAb is stable at room temperature for 2 weeks and at 4, −20, and −70°C for at least 1 year. The latex reagent was stable for at least 6 months at 4°C.

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Sullivan, Jensyn Cone, and Raymond Comenzo. "Peripheral agglutination and hemolytic anemia following minor ABO-mismatch hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation." Blood 140, no. 22 (December 1, 2022): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022018097.

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Flegel, Willy A., Kshitij Srivastava, Valeria De Giorgi, Michael R. Holbrook, Nicolai V. Bovin, Stephen M. Henry, and Kamille West. "COVID-19 Antibody Detection and Assay Performance Using Red Cell Agglutination." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-150795.

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Abstract Background. Serologic assays detecting antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid proteins have been developed to advance our understanding of the prognosis and clinical course of the COVID-19 disease. We recently developed a red cell agglutination-based assay to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. This assay uses peptide fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to label red cells (C19-kodecytes). We performed a clinical evaluation of this C19-kodecyte assay in COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors previously assessed with 2 commercial immunoassays and a virus neutralizing assay. Methods. Red cells were coated with peptide fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We tested plasma samples from 140 CCP donors. The results were compared with those of a virus neutralizing assay and 2 commercial chemiluminescent antibody tests: anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (IgG, IgM and IgA) assay and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Ortho). Inter-rater agreement between the different assays was measured using Cohen's kappa. Specificity was tested with 150 plasma samples, collected in 2008, more than a decade before the COVID-19 outbreak and with 125 plasma samples, collected in 2020 from consecutive healthy volunteer donors, who tested negative for the Ortho Total assay. Testing was performed using the column agglutination technique commonly employed for blood typing. Results. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the C19-kodecyte assay reached 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93 - 0.97) with sensitivity of 92.8% (95% CI: 86.9% - 96.3%) and specificity of 96.3% (95% CI: 93.2% - 98.1%). In almost all of the 40 CCP donors with longitudinal data, the antibody concentration decreased during the follow-up, which ranged from 7 to 44 weeks. In the 140 CCP donors, we compared the C19-kodecyte score to the antibody concentrations from the 2 FDA authorized assays (Ortho Total and Ortho IgG) and the titer in the neutralizing assay. There was a positive relationship between the results of all 4 assays. The Spearman's correlation of our assay was 0.20 with the neutralizing assay (0.49 with IgG, and 0.41 with Total assays). Conclusions. Sensitivity and specificity of the C19-kodecyte assay were within the minimum performance range required by the FDA for EUA authorization of serology tests. The limited correlation in assay reaction strengths suggested that the assays may be influenced by different antibody specificities. Unlike the other 84 FDA authorized serologic tests for SARS-CoV-2, this C19-kodecyte assay is a simple and rapid test that can be easily established in any blood typing laboratory worldwide using its routine setup for column agglutination or tube technique. The technique could vastly improve assay capacity, particularly in resource limited hospital blood banks. Disclosures Bovin: Kode Biotech: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Henry: Kode Biotech: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company.

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Acharya, Tankeshwar, Bishnu Raj Tiwar, and Bharat Mani Pokhrel. "Baseline Widal Agglutination Titre in Apparently Healthy Nepalese Blood Donors." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.49.

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Widal test could be the useful tool for the diagnosis of Typhoid fever, provided the results of Widal test are correctly interpreted. Interpretation of Widal test is based on the baseline titre of healthy population of particular geography. This study was carried out in view to determine Widal baseline titre of healthy blood donors in Nepal from June to December 2009, in Nepal Red Cross Central Blood Transfusion Service and Department of Microbiology of National College. Blood samples were collected from 490 apparently healthy blood donors from 5 different developmental regions. Widal agglutination titre was determined with the use of standard technique as per the manufacture’s instruction. Of the total 490 blood samples, 35.1% (172) samples showed anti O titre ≥ 1:20 against serotype Typhi, similarly 32.9% and 24.1% samples had titre ≥ 1:40 and ≥ 1:80 respectively. About 10.4% population had anti-O titre ≥ 1: 160. Of the total blood samples, 29.4% (143) samples showed anti H titres ≥ 1:20 against serotype Typhi, similarly 26.1% had a titre ≥ 1:40, and 16.3% had a titre ≥ 1:160. Anti-H titres ≥ 1:20 were found in serotype Paratyphi A (6.3%) and Paratyphi B (3.1%). Both ‘O’ and ‘H’ agglutination titre varied according to the geographical location. This study showed high titres >1:160 for serotype Typhi, ‘O’(10%) and ‘H’ (16.3%) of widal agglutinin in apparently healthy individuals. This necessitates larger rise in widal agglutinin titre for a ‘positive’ diagnosis. Widal test had played a major role in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in the past, but its diagnostic significance is less now. Keyword: Widal test, Enteric fever, Nepal

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Jarujamrus, Purim, Junfei Tian, Xu Li, Atitaya Siripinyanond, Juwadee Shiowatana, and Wei Shen. "Mechanisms of red blood cells agglutination in antibody-treated paper." Analyst 137, no. 9 (2012): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2an15798e.

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Jayanti, Putu Talia, I. Gusti Agung Dewi Sarihati, I. Gede Sudarmanto, and I. Gusti Ayu Sri Dhyanaputri. "Perbedaan Derajat Aglutinasi Pemeriksaan Golongan Darah Metode Cell Grouping Berdasarkan Tingkat Konsentrasi Suspensi Sel 5%, 10%, dan 40%." JURNAL SKALA HUSADA : THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH 19, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33992/jsh:tjoh.v19i1.1947.

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ABSTRACTExamination of ABO blood type method with cell grouping technique is to check blood cell antigen by adding anti-A, anti-B and anti-D. The strength or reaction power of agglutination produced in blood group examination is influenced by the ability of bonded antibodies or react with antigens The purpose of this study is to know the difference in the degree of agglutination of blood grouping method examination by tube test method based on the concentration level of cell supensi 5%, 10% and 40%. The research subjects used in this study were donors with blood group B, namely as many as 10 blood samples on tubes with anticoagulants EDTA used for blood screening after blood donation. On the examination of the degree of agglutination of blood group examination that has been done using cell suspension 5%, 10% and 40% obtained results where the entire examination produced a positive result 4 where found the results of one large clot with clear fluid around it. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is no difference in the degree of agglutination of blood group examination using cell suspension concentrations of 5%, 10% and 40%.ABSTRAKPemeriksaan metode golongan darah ABO dengan teknik cell grouping adalah memeriksa antigen sel darah dengan cara menambahkan anti-A, anti-B dan anti-D. Kekuatan atau daya reaksi aglutinasi yang dihasilkan pada pemeriksaan golongan darah dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan dari antibodi berikatan atau bereaksi dengan antigen Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya perbedaan derajat aglutinasi pemeriksaan golongan darah metode cell grouping dengan metode tube test berdasarkan tingkat konsentrasi supensi sel 5 %, 10 % dan 40 %. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendonor dengan golongan darah B yakni sebanyak 10 sampel darah pada tabung dengan antikoagulan EDTA yang digunakan untuk screening darah setelah melakukan donor darah. Pada pemeriksaan derajat aglutinasi pemeriksaan golongan darah yang sudah dilakukan dengan menggunakan suspensi sel 5%, 10% dan 40% diperoleh hasil dimana seluruh pemeriksaan menghasilkan hasil positif 4 dimana ditemukan hasil satu gumpalan besar dengan cairan jernih disekitarnya. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan derajat aglutinasi pemeriksaan golongan darah menggunakan konsentrasi suspensi sel 5%, 10% dan 40%.

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Zivojinovic, Slobodan, Sonja Radojicic, Milena Zivojinovic, and Jasmina Kircanski. "Investigations of spread of canine Brucellosis caused by Brucella canis in territory of Municipality of Pozarevac." Veterinarski glasnik 60, no. 5-6 (2006): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0606337z.

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The paper examines the presence and distribution of infections caused by Brucella canis in different categories of dogs in the territory of the Municipality of Pozarevac. A total of 151 dogs were examined, and 74 blood serums originated from dogs of known owners and 77 from stray dogs. The investigations were carried out also on 40 samples of full blood of stray dogs, as well as fetal organs and reproductive organs of a serologically positive female following hysterectomy. Investigations included a clinical examination of the dogs, rapid serum agglutination, slow serum agglutination, and isolation of the cause. In all the examined dogs, the rapid agglutination test gave a positive result in 16.55% of the examined samples, the slow agglutination test 11.25%, which is an extremely high percentage in comparison with other regions of our country. Therapy using antibiotics, zoohygienic measures, castration or hysterectomy (as attempts to avoid residue and break the chain of the transfer of the infection) are conditions for out rooting the disease. Control of stray dogs is necessary, as they present the basic source of the infection. The results obtained in the course of these investigations indicate the absolute justification of including this contagious disease in the group of diseases whose reporting is compulsory.

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Azzam Afifi and Khadega suleiman. "Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in patients attending to Kassala Hospital, Kassala State 2016." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 7 (August 17, 2021): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi7.956.

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Toxoplasmosis is intracellular pathogen, caused by the protozoan parasite, belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. The present research aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients attending in Kassala hospital. Blood samples were collected in blood container by using sterile syringes (300), 5 ml of venous blood was drawn and required for the laboratory examination for Latex agglutination and ELISA techniques. high prevalence of T. gondii recorded (56.7%) for Latex Agglutination technique. Age-groups (18-40) showed higher rate of infection 62.2%. Statistical analysis verified no variation according to the gender and contact with cats (P > 0.05). high prevalence calculated, for those eating undercooked meat, drinking row milk, 67.1%, 65.5% respectively. Fainaly the present study recommended to Implantation of health education program, Toxoplasmosis should be checked before donating blood and Improvement of the standard of hygienic, sanitary and disease control.

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Das, Aparna, Behnaz Mobashwera, Gobinda Banik, and Md Azizul Kahhar. "A Young Female with Difficulty in Blood Group Determination." Journal of Medicine 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2017): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v18i1.31176.

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Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) usually develops as a result of the production of a specific immunoglobulin M auto-antibody directed against the I/i and H antigens, precursors of the ABH and Lewis blood group substances, on red blood cells. Where most of the cases of cold agglutination disease usually present with features of hemolysis, acrocyanosis, respiratory symptoms or fatigue due to anemia, here we report an interesting case of CAD with unusual presentation.This 26 years female came with fever for 10 days,jaundice for two months and failure in blood group determination for blood transfusion for her anemia.The physical examination showed severe pallor, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly and fundoscopic examination revealed Roth spots, hemorrhages and bilateral papilloedema with otherwise normal neurological examination.Complete blood count revealed severe anemia, spuriously raised MCV and MCHC with raised ESR. Peripheral blood film features were suggestive of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Cold agglutinin disease). MRI of brain was normal. It further indicates the various manifestation of disease as in here presenting as papilloedema in patients with cold agglutination diseaseJ MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 39-41

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Bajwa, Hussan, Maqbool Alam, Muhammad Ali Rathore, and Muhammad Sajid Yazdani. "Rh Alloantibodies in Rh D Negative Blood Group Pregnant Women - A Regional Transfusion Centre Study." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, no. 3 (June 26, 2022): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i3.5124.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of Rh alloantibodies in pregnant women of the Rh-D negative blood group. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (AFIT) Rawalpindi, from Jan to Dec 2017. Methodology: The blood samples of pregnant women received for blood grouping, cross matching and antibodies screening were included in the study. The blood was typed for Rh-D along with ABO blood groups by Column Agglutination Technique (CAT), commonly known as the gel card method. Then, the samples included in the study were subjected to antibody screening by three cell antibody screening panel (Dia Cell, a product of Bio-Rad) by Column Agglutination Technique. The samples with positive antibody screening were further processed by 11 cell antibody screening panel (Dia Cell, BioRad) for Rh antibody identification by Column Agglutination Technique, the same as the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). Results: 453 Rh-D negative pregnant women were screened for alloantibodies during the study period. Rh alloantibodies were present in 55 (12.08%) cases. The most common alloantibody identified was anti-D in 48 (87.3%) samples, followed by anti-C in 6 (10.9%) and anti-E in 1 (1.8%) case. Conclusion: The most prevalent Rh alloantibody identified in Rh-D negative pregnant women was anti-D, while the anti-C and anti-E were less prevalent. However, no case of anti-c and anti-e alloantibody was identified.

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Kryukova, Z. V. "About changes in peripheral blood in sporadic typhus." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83966.

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For a number of years, we have observed patients with sporadic typhus, in whom the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, leukocyte count, ROE and Waldman's can test were examined at least 3 times in dynamics. The diagnosis in all was confirmed by a positive agglutination reaction with Provacek's rickettsia or by binding of complement with an antigen from Provachek's rickettsia in titers 1: 40-1: 1280.

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Konings, C. H., A. J. Funke Küpper, and F. W. A. Verheugt. "Comparison of Two Latex Agglutination Test Kits for Serum Myoglobin in the Exclusion of Acute Myocardial Infarction." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 26, no. 3 (May 1989): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328902600309.

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The Myolex (Orion) and the RapiTex (Behringwerke) latex agglutination tests for the rapid detection of elevated levels of serum myoglobin were studied prospectively in patients suspected of acute myocardial infarction, who were admitted to hospital within 8 h of pain onset. Using admission blood samples drawn 3·4 ± 2·0 h (mean ± SD) after onset of symptoms, the negative predictive values of both tests were too low to use these assays in the early exclusion of myocardial infarction in the emergency department. However, the negative predictive values obtained with the second blood samples, drawn 4 h later, indicated that the myoglobin agglutination test could be of value in the exclusion of myocardial infarction.

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Burgess-Wilson, ME, SR Cockbill, GI Johnston, and S. Heptinstall. "Platelet aggregation in whole blood from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia." Blood 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.38.38.

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Abstract We examined platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and in whole blood from two patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. In PRP, aggregation was measured by monitoring the changes in light absorbance that occurred in response to aggregating agents; to measure platelet aggregation in whole blood, we used a platelet counting technique. In PRP, the patients' platelets showed defective aggregation in response to ADP, adrenaline, arachidonic acid (AA), and collagen, but normal agglutination occurred in response to ristocetin. In whole blood, however, platelet aggregation in response to the aggregating agents appeared to be either very similar to that which occurred in blood from normal subjects or only slightly reduced. There was a reduced response to all concentrations of ADP and to low concentrations of collagen but a normal response to all concentrations of adrenaline, AA, and higher concentrations of collagen. Conversely, there seemed to be an increased agglutination response to ristocetin. The abnormality in our two patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia probably lies in the inability of their platelets to form large, macroscopic aggregates rather than in platelet aggregation per se.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blood Agglutination'

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