Academic literature on the topic 'Blocking angle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Blocking angle"
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Yamshchikov, O. N., D. A. Markov, S. A. Emelyanov, K. P. Zvereva, and A. E. Bychkov. "Comparative analysis of modeled femoral fractures osteosynthesis stability." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 3 (June 15, 2014): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1522.
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Aim. To perform the comparative analysis of osteosynthesis stability in splintered fractures on the example of modeled fractures of femur with metalwork. Methods. Bone fragments fixation methods using internal fixators, blocking intramedullary nails, external fixation devices. Round wooden rod with external diameter of 35 mm, internal diameter of 25 mm, which was saw in the middle with two cuts directed at an angle of 45° to the rod axis to form the triangle fragment, was picked for femur model for the purpose of experiment. The stability of bone fragments fixation using plates with angle stability, pin- and nail-type external fixation devices and blocking intramedullary nails was assessed. To test the stability of the «bone-fixing device» complex, torsional test machine КМ-50-1 №66, power press П-10 №92, pull test machine Р-10 №1677 were used. Results. Compared to external fixation device, fixation using plates with angle stability was 6 times more stable at axial load and by 43.5% at lateral load. The stability of blocking intramedullary nail at axial load was higher compared to external fixation device. At rotary load, the stability of blocking intramedullary nail was 2 times lower compared to external fixation device. Conclusion. On a model of splintered double-lever femur fractures, fixation using plates with angle stability was the most stable fixation mode.
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Jana, Sourita, Debasis Samanta, Mir Muhammad Fahad, Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar, and Hongdoo Kim. "Blocking and Deblocking of Diisocyanate to Synthesize Polyurethanes." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172875.
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Diisocyanates, particularly toluene diisocyanate (TDI), are useful for the preparation of various polyurethanes with specific applications as leather-like materials, adhesives and insoles, etc. Blocking agents can be used for the operational simplicity and to reduce the hazards of TDI. In this paper, we reported the use of 3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1H-pyrazole to block toluene diisocyanate (TDI). FTIR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for the characterization. The effectiveness of the blocking was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. The DSC thermogram showed that blocked adducts deblock at 240 °C, causing the regeneration of TDI, and causing the diisocyanates to react with polyols of different molecular weights, forming polyurethanes. The characterization of the polyurethanes was performed by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and a contact angle study.
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Ma, Jun, Chenglong Wang, and Yangjun Xia. "Research on Analysis Method of Shading and Blocking of LFR Field." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803041.
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Shading and blocking problem is the main element restricting efficiency of a LFR system. The traditional analysis methods often need to build the models by using SolTrace, which results in the low efficiency. According to characteristics of single axis tracking of the LFR field, a plane right-angle coordinate system was established, and coordinate equations of reflectors at any time were deduced. Lengths of shading and blocking were got by tracking sun rays which fell on the reflectors and reflected the receiver passing through the adjacent reflector endpoints at any time. Offset caused by the solar azimuth in the shading and blocking area was got by geometrical optics. And then, the shading and blocking efficiency could be calculated. For the Puerto Errado 1 solar thermal plant, the shading and blocking efficiencies on vernal equinox hardly changed; on summer solstice, they were smaller at sunrise and sunset, and gradually stable and close to the value of spring equinox with the increase of solar altitude angle; they were smaller on winter solstice and the change with time were larger. The results of the calculations were good agreement with the simulation dates of SolTrace, and validity of the method was proved.
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Alazwari, Mashhour A., and Mohammad Reza Safaei. "Combination Effect of Baffle Arrangement and Hybrid Nanofluid on Thermal Performance of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using 3-D Homogeneous Mixture Model." Mathematics 9, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9080881.
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In this study, thermal performance and flow characteristics of a shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with various baffle angles were studied. The heat exchanger was operated with distilled water, and a hybrid nanofluid at three concentrations of 0.04% and 0.10% of GNP-Ag/water within Reynolds numbers ranged between 10,000 and 20,000. The thermophysical properties of nanofluid varied with temperature and nanoparticles’ concentration. The baffle angles were set at 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. Results showed that the calculated Nusselt number (Nu) could be improved by adding nanoparticles to the distilled water or increasing the fluid’s Reynolds number. At a low Re number, the Nu corresponding to baffle angle of 135° was very close to that recorded for the angle of 180°. At Re = 20,000, the Nu number was the highest (by 35% compared to the reference case), belonging to a baffle angle of 135°. Additionally, results related to friction factor and pressure drop showed that more locations with fluid blocking were observed by increasing the baffle angle, resulting in increased pressure drop value and friction. Finally, the temperature streamlines counter showed that the best baffle angle could be 135° in which maximum heat removal and the best thermal performance can be observed.
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Kojima, Kazutoshi, Sachiko Ito, Junji Senzaki, and Hajime Okumura. "4H-SiC Homoepitaxial Growth on Vicinal-Off Angled Si-Face Substrate." Materials Science Forum 645-648 (April 2010): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.645-648.99.
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We have carried out detailed investigations of 4H-SiC homoepitaxial growth on vicinal off-angled Si-face substrates. We found that the surface morphology of the substrate just after in-situ H2 etching was also affected by the value of the vicinal-off angle. Growth conditions consisting of a low C/Si ratio and a low growth temperature were effective in suppressing macro step bunching at the grown epilayer surface. We also demonstrated epitaxial growth without step bunching on a 2-inch 4H-SiC Si-face substrate with a vicinal off angle of 0.79o. Ni Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on an as-grown epilayer had a blocking voltage above 1000V and a leakage current of less than 5x10-7A/cm2. We also investigated the propagation of basal plane dislocation from the vicinal off angled substrate into the epitaxial layer.
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Huang, Bing. "The Value and Application of Personalized Needle Modification in Percutaneous Infrazygomatic Radiofrequency in Isolated Maxillary Nerve Pain through the Foramen Rotundum." Pain Physician 4, no. 22;4 (July 11, 2019): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.377.
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Background: Percutaneous infrazygomatic radiofrequency (PIR) is a common approach used to block isolated maxillary nerve (V2) pain through the foramen rotundum (FR) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Nevertheless, when using this method, there is a risk of accidental penetration of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) and the optic canal (OC) that may result in the injury of the vessels and nerves in that area, and in some severe cases may lead to blindness. According to the blocking of the external orifice of the FR and whether a curved needle was used, combined angle deviation from the path of percutaneous infrazygomatic approach, the FR to the SOF or the OC in the treatment of V2 pain, in which no research has reported the angle, we analyzed the value and application of personalized needle modification in PIR in isolated maxillary nerve pain through the FR. Objectives: The following study examined the relationship between the FR and the SOF, and analyzed the clinical significance of personalized needle modification in computed tomography (CT)-guided PIR ablation of the maxillary nerve through the FR in patients with TN. Study Design: Randomized, review, clinical research study. Setting: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Jiaxing, China. Methods: Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed in 88 patients and 136 patients with PIR ablation in isolated maxillary nerve pain through the FR. According to the blocking of the external orifice of the FR and whether a curved needle was used, patients were divided into 4 groups: curvedneedle blocking group (CB), straight-needle blocking group (SB), straight needle no-blocking group (SN), and curved-needle no-blocking group (CN). Results: The results obtained revealed minimum H (shortest diameter of the FR) = 1.0 mm and minimum L (length of the FR tubes) = 3.7 mm. The distance between the external orifice of the FR and the SOF (FS) was 5.16 ± 1.33 mm. The angle A (between the radiofrequency needle and the sagittal plane) was 39 ± 3.95°; the angle between the canthomeatal line and the CT scan line (ACT) was 58.99 ± 6.23°; the puncture depth (LS) was 63.99 ± 4.24 mm; the deviation angle of the misplacement into the SOF (SAF) was 2.96 ± 0.71°; the deviation angle of the misplacement into the OC (OAF) was 4.95 ± 0.73°. In addition, the postoperative Numeric Rating Scale scores in the CB group were significantly lower compared with the SB group, whereas the probability of entering the SOF in the CB group was significantly lower compared with the SB group. The total number of punctures in the SN group was less than that in the CN group. Limitations: Additional clinical data should be collected to preserve the results in future work. Conclusions: The distance between the FR and the SOF or the OC was only few millimeters, and slight angle error could lead to the SOF and the OC. For patients with blockage in the path, the treatment of radiofrequency with personalized needle modification could improve the curative effect and reduce the risk of accidental SOF penetration. Key words: Trigeminal neuralgia, foramen rotundum, superior orbital fissure, radiofrequency, personalized needle modification
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Wang, Shuo Liang, Yang Ming Liao, and Huang Chang Xie. "Fractured Reservoir Blocking Dosage Calculation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.772.
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Fractured reservoir development process are often faced with the angle wells flooded serious and side wells don’t get the effect of water injection. In order to increase the water flooding sweep efficiency. Profile control plugging is a measure that is frequently used. Traditional plugging program design does not take into account the fluid loss, Program design of the blocking agent dosage is always small, the result is not satisfactory. In this paper, the classic percolation theory is used, seepage equation of the fracture system and matrix system is established, the blocking agent Filtrate analytical solution that considers the different reservoir properties and different blocking agent performance is obtained, that can be used to guide the design of profile control water plugging program and can calculate the best blocking agent dosage. Through the actual implementation of the effect, the proposed method can be more substantial increase in the effect of plugging.
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Loane, R. F., and J. Silcox. "Hollow-cone illumination in simulated ADF STEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152598.
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The overlap regions between CBED disks are a source of lattice fringe contrast in ADF STEM images of crystals. For sufficiently small lattice spacings, the Scherzer focus convergence angle is too small for the CBED disks to overlap, and the lattice is not visible. By increasing the convergence angle beyond the Scherzer angle to create an overlap region, and by using stationary phase defocus, smaller lattices can be imaged However, with larger convergence angles, lens aberrations spread the incident beam and small aperiodic structures, such as adatoms, become difficult to image. If the specimen Bragg angle is known, an annular objective aperture can be designed to pass the overlap regions of the incident beam, while blocking the central, non-overlap region which produces a large constant background. The annular probe size is minimized by choosing an annulus width and defocus which balance the spherical aberration across the annulus (close to stationary phase defocus). Simulations indicate hollow cone illumination may allow both adatoms and smaller lattices to be imaged simultaneously. This approach presumes knowledge of the specimen, and must be used in conjunction with standard methods for correct image interpretation. An incorrectly applied annulus will produce image artifacts.
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Boudghene Stambouli, Arslane, Rafik Benallal, Nourredine Oudini, Sidi Mohamed Mesli, and Rabah Tadjine. "Control of Dual Frequency Capacitively Coupled Plasma via blocking capacitor and phase angle." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 80, no. 1 (October 2017): 10802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2017170180.
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Oni, Oluwafemi E., Andrew G. Swanson, and Rudiren Pillay Carpanen. "Line Commutated Converter Response during Total and Partial De-Blocking of a Bipolar MTDC System." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 52 (January 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.52.49.
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This paper focuses on the fault blocking analysis and operational issues associated with MTDC systems incorporated in an AC network. The dynamic modelling of a line-commutated converter based bipolar multi-terminal direct current (LCC MTDC) system are shown, and the dynamic response of the converter during a DC converter fault is discussed. The converter controller design for both rectifiers and the inverters system was modelled for a realistic active power and extinction angle (γ) control with consideration to the VI characteristics of all the converter stations. An overall power controller was modelled for both converter pole. Two operational scenarios of converter fault were simulated using PSCAD EMTDC. The converter firing angle and extinction angle, as well as the voltage-dependent current order limiter, was monitored and plotted on a graph. Results show that the MTDC link became unstable during the full deblocking stage with a continuous occurrence of commutation failure. Furthermore, the results presented in this paper show that during partial converter de-blocking showed a favourable performance, as the power system remains stable and commutation failure of the MTDC system is prevented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Blocking angle"
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Ніценко, Володимир Вікторович. "Підвищення показників ефективності функціонування релейного захисту збірних шин розподільчих установок." Thesis, Запорізький національний технічний університет, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34557.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) зі спеціальності 05.14.02 – Електричні станції, мережі і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена розв'язанню актуальної науково-прикладної задачі у галузі релейного захисту елементів електроенергетичних систем, що полягає у підвищенні ефективності дії релейного захисту збірних шин розподільчих установок. У роботі вдосконалено метод диференційно-фазного захисту шин, згідно з яким алгоритм порівняння фаз струмів застосовано у якості єдиного засобу забезпечення абсолютно селективної дії захисту в аварійних режимах, та запроваджено групу неконфігурованих параметричних уставок захисту, що сприяє зниженню ймовірності його неселективної дії через допущені персоналом помилки, а також, за рахунок оптимізації умов пуску та спрацювання захисту, підвищується їх успішність за внутрішніх коротких замикань, що дозволяє відмовитись від застосування окремого високочутливого органу захисту. Для поліпшення експлуатаційних характеристик та усунення режимних обмежень застосування пристроїв релейного захисту шин вдосконалено метод компенсації кутових похибок насичених трансформаторів струму у диференційно-фазному захисті шин в частині забезпечення подовження логічних імпульсів напруги, сформованих із напівхвиль спотворених струмів. Обрано робочі уставки параметрів налаштування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, а саме кута блокування ±φбл=900 та рівня формування імпульсів ±ір=(40-50)%·Іамп, за яких забезпечуватиметься його надійна та селективна дія в аварійних режимах. Проведено математичне і імітаційне моделювання поведінки диференційно-фазного захисту шин та лабораторні досліди його макетного зразку, що дозволило підтвердити адекватність розробленої моделі захисту, ефективність її алгоритмів та правильність обраних робочих уставок. Виконано аналіз техніко-економічних показників застосування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, на підставі якого визначені його переваги у порівнянні з пристроями диференційного струмового захисту шин та оцінені показники економічної ефективності його впровадження та експлуатації.Dissertation for a candidate degree (PhD) in Engineering Sciences of the speciality 05.14.02 – Electric power stations, networks and systems. – National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and practical problem in the field of relay protection of electric power systems elements, which is to increase the efficiency of relay busbar protection of switchgears. In this work, the method of phasedifferential busbar protection has been improved, according to which the currents phases comparison algorithm is applied as the sole means of providing absolutely selective protection in emergency conditions, and a group of non-configured parametric settings is introduced that reduces the probability of its non-selective operation through mistakes made by the personnel, as well as due to optimization start and trip conditions of protection operation, its performance increases at internal faults, which allows to refuse the application a high-sensitive protection relay. In order to improve the performance and eliminate the regime limitation of the use of relay protection devices, the method of compensating angular errors of saturated current transformers in the phase-differential busbar protection in the part of ensuring the extension of logic voltage impulses formed from half-waves of distorted currents is improved. The working parameters of the phase-differential busbar protection have been selected, namely the blocking angle is 900 and the impulse formation level is (40-50)%·Іamp, which will ensure its reliable and selective operation in emergency conditions. The mathematical and simulation modeling of the phasedifferential protection behavior and laboratory experiments of its model was carried out, which allowed to confirm the adequacy of the developed model of protection, the efficiency of its algorithms and the correctness of the selected working settings. There were completed analysis of technical and economic indicators of the phase-differential busbar protection using, on the basis of which were determined its advantages compared with the devices of differential busbar protection and approximate estimates of the economic efficiency of its implementation and operation.
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Ніценко, Володимир Вікторович. "Підвищення показників ефективності функціонування релейного захисту збірних шин розподільчих установок." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34554.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) зі спеціальності 05.14.02 – Електричні станції, мережі і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена розв'язанню актуальної науково-прикладної задачі у галузі релейного захисту елементів електроенергетичних систем, що полягає у підвищенні ефективності дії релейного захисту збірних шин розподільчих установок. У роботі вдосконалено метод диференційно-фазного захисту шин, згідно з яким алгоритм порівняння фаз струмів застосовано у якості єдиного засобу забезпечення абсолютно селективної дії захисту в аварійних режимах, та запроваджено групу неконфігурованих параметричних уставок захисту, що сприяє зниженню ймовірності його неселективної дії через допущені персоналом помилки, а також, за рахунок оптимізації умов пуску та спрацювання захисту, підвищується їх успішність за внутрішніх коротких замикань, що дозволяє відмовитись від застосування окремого високочутливого органу захисту. Для поліпшення експлуатаційних характеристик та усунення режимних обмежень застосування пристроїв релейного захисту шин вдосконалено метод компенсації кутових похибок насичених трансформаторів струму у диференційно-фазному захисті шин в частині забезпечення подовження логічних імпульсів напруги, сформованих із напівхвиль спотворених струмів. Обрано робочі уставки параметрів налаштування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, а саме кута блокування ±φбл=900 та рівня формування імпульсів ±ір=(40-50)%·Іамп, за яких забезпечуватиметься його надійна та селективна дія в аварійних режимах. Проведено математичне і імітаційне моделювання поведінки диференційно-фазного захисту шин та лабораторні досліди його макетного зразку, що дозволило підтвердити адекватність розробленої моделі захисту, ефективність її алгоритмів та правильність обраних робочих уставок. Виконано аналіз техніко-економічних показників застосування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, на підставі якого визначені його переваги у порівнянні з пристроями диференційного струмового захисту шин та оцінені показники економічної ефективності його впровадження та експлуатації.Dissertation for a candidate degree (PhD) in Engineering Sciences of the speciality 05.14.02 – Electric power stations, networks and systems. – National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and practical problem in the field of relay protection of electric power systems elements, which is to increase the efficiency of relay busbar protection of switchgears. In this work, the method of phasedifferential busbar protection has been improved, according to which the currents phases comparison algorithm is applied as the sole means of providing absolutely selective protection in emergency conditions, and a group of non-configured parametric settings is introduced that reduces the probability of its non-selective operation through mistakes made by the personnel, as well as due to optimization start and trip conditions of protection operation, its performance increases at internal faults, which allows to refuse the application a high-sensitive protection relay. In order to improve the performance and eliminate the regime limitation of the use of relay protection devices, the method of compensating angular errors of saturated current transformers in the phase-differential busbar protection in the part of ensuring the extension of logic voltage impulses formed from half-waves of distorted currents is improved. The working parameters of the phase-differential busbar protection have been selected, namely the blocking angle is 900 and the impulse formation level is (40-50)%·Іamp, which will ensure its reliable and selective operation in emergency conditions. The mathematical and simulation modeling of the phasedifferential protection behavior and laboratory experiments of its model was carried out, which allowed to confirm the adequacy of the developed model of protection, the efficiency of its algorithms and the correctness of the selected working settings. There were completed analysis of technical and economic indicators of the phase-differential busbar protection using, on the basis of which were determined its advantages compared with the devices of differential busbar protection and approximate estimates of the economic efficiency of its implementation and operation.
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陳囿任. "An Experimental Study of Hydraulics for The Different Angle of Blocking Pieces in the Modified Boat-Passage Fishway." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44431165510788406468.
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Chun, You-Jen, and 陳囿任. "An Experimental Study of Hydraulics for The Different Angle of Blocking Pieces in the Modified Boat-Passage Fishway." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48108996760152438112.
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碩士中華大學
營建管理研究所
94
In this study, the velocity and water depth were measured at the different angles（θ=30°, θ=45°, θ=60°）and intervals（12.57cm、18.63cm、29.80cm）of the blocking pieces in the Modified Boat-Passage Fishway under different slopes（S=1/8、S=1/10）and flowrater（Q=0.016cms、Q=0.032 cms、Q=0.048 cms）. In addition, the sand exclusion tests in the fishway were conducted. The results from 24 modes showes the various velocities and sand exclusion which could be applied to design the Modified Boat-Passage Fishway for fish’s migration in the local rivers.
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Szu-Yu, Chien, and 錢思佑. "INFLUENCE OF THE ANKLE FUNCTIONAL INSTABILITY ON THE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY DURING VOLLEYBALL BLOCKING." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97110563980813238641.
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碩士國立臺灣體育學院
運動健康科學系碩士班
98
Ankle injuries is common in the volleyball blocking (63~90 %). Athletes with ankle injuries would have a significant risk for suffering the secondary injury (79%). Based on the previous studies, ankle functional ankle instability is quite frequent following an ankle sprain. There have been several laboratory researches focused on the influence of functional instability on injured ankle. However, very little studies have been conducted in investigating the effect of functional instability on the neuromuscular function of the lower limb in real sports condition. Objective: To measure the electromyography (EMG) of the lower extremity in the volleyball players with and without ankle functional instability during the blocking movement and attempt to understand the mechanism of ankle injury. Methods: We used EMG system and force plate to measure the EMG signal of lower extremity during the cross net blocking (CB) and non-cross net blocking (NCB) movements under simulated environment. For the statistical analysis, independent t test was preformed to compare the EMG muscular activities between control group (CG) and instability group (IG). Results: a) For the amplitude of muscular activity in CB movement, there was a significant difference between CG and IG in the ankle muscles. Significant difference between two groups in the NCB movement was found in the knee muscles. b) In the jumping phase of NCB movement, the onset timing of EMG activity was earlier in the IG than in the CG; in the landing phase, the onset timing was earlier in the CG than in the IG during CB and NCB movements. c) For the muscle recruitment pattern, both groups showed different muscle activation patterns. d) For the co-contraction ratios, in the pre-landing and post-landing phases, the significant difference between two groups was found in rectus femoris/biceps femoris. Conclusions: The main differences between CG and IG were found in the landing phase of volleyball blocking. Our data suggested that the abilities of the shock absorption and the motor control in the landing of volleyball blocking were important for the IG group. Less variation of movement strategy in IG might lead to reduce the reactive ability especially in the unexpectedly landing situation. The differences between IG and CG were found not only on ankle muscles but also knee muscles, indicating that FAI may influence multiples joints of the lower limb. The overall muscle functions in the lower limb should be taken into consideration for the FAI patients in the injury treatment and rehabilitation.
Book chapters on the topic "Blocking angle"
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Romer, Stephen. "Perseus and Andromeda." In French Decadent Tales. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199569274.003.00043.
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or The Happiest of the Three I O Monotonous and ill-favoured country!… The solitary island, done out in yellow-grey dunes; under meandering skies; and everywhere the sea blocking the view, and the cries of hope and of melancholy. The sea! From whatever angle you look...
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Hess, Earl J. "The Mountain Line, the Gilgal Church Line, and the Mud Creek Line." In Fighting for Atlanta, 78–94. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643427.003.0005.
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Terrain and effective Confederate fortifications continued to slow Federal operations during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of June between the Etowah River and the Chattahoochee River. Johnston’s engineers sited three lines of trenches blocking Sherman’s advance. The Mountain Line encompassed Lost Mountain, Pine Mountain, and Brush Mountain but was too extended for the number of his troops. Johnston contracted this position a bit to create the Gilgal Church Line but this position had a sharp angle which was vulnerable to Union artillery fire. He then contracted once again, bringing his left wing back to Mud Creek. But the position still had a sharp angle in the center of the line, so Johnston planned to fall back to Kennesaw Mountain. The Federals dealt with all three lines by closing in, intensely skirmishing, and opening enfilading artillery fire on the angle to compel their enemy to creep back. They employed something like siege approaches to accomplish this slow advance.
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Kelly, Brine. "Introduction." In The Art of Cinematic Storytelling, 1–11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054328.003.0001.
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The introduction describes how the qualities that give film its remarkable storytelling power can work against a story if not used skillfully. Mastering the craft of visual storytelling requires learning the meaning and emotional effects of the many types of shots, cuts, and transitions, as well as the effects of various types of blocking. This knowledge enables directors to heighten the drama of their stories by manipulating their audience’s thoughts and feelings as their story is told in a highly designed way. Film storytelling is not effective if the action is recorded using angles and cuts that do not suit the story. A storytelling plan must always consider mood, emphasis, time, and space. A simple scene of a prisoner in a jail cell is considered as an example of the range of moods that can be achieved through the choice of a single cinematic camera angle.
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Kelly, Brine. "Blocking for Cinematic Storytelling." In The Art of Cinematic Storytelling, 306–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054328.003.0020.
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An essential part of every director’s work is blocking actors’ action in relation to the camera in order to design dramatic shots and sequences. Good blocking leads to effective visual storytelling. The blocking does not have to be perfectly natural as long as it appears natural to viewers, illustrates the dramatic beats, and handles time and space well. This chapter describes several useful approaches to blocking a simple scene. Different emphasis, moods, and pacing result from the choices that are made when choreographing the movement of the actors on a set, incorporating transitions into shots, and designing camera angles and moves. This set of examples illustrates the wide range of options that are available, as well as the type of brainstorming of shots, cuts, and transitions that a director should do before settling on one storytelling plan.
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Kelly, Brine. "Group and Crowd Scenes." In The Art of Cinematic Storytelling, 273–85. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054328.003.0018.
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Chapter 17 provides approaches and blocking templates for shooting a large group in a cinematic way. Films often show families at the dinner table, business meetings, speeches, performances, crowds, and other gatherings. These scenes must present clear geography so that viewers can get their bearings and keep them as a scene’s story is told. In spite of the many people involved there is often little action: this makes it more important to add visual interest to the storytelling by using interesting angles, camera movement, wipes, foreground, and other techniques. Certain templates of camera coverage can be applied with minimal adjustment to a variety of scenarios. This chapter describes and illustrates blocking and shooting options that can provide the basis of good visual storytelling and continuity editing for scenes involving groups or crowds.
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Kelly, Brine. "Shooting Driving Scenes." In The Art of Cinematic Storytelling, 286–305. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054328.003.0019.
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Chapter 18 explains and illustrates many options for blocking and shooting driving scenes to enhance the storytelling and maintain continuity. Driving sequences usually require both exterior shots of the vehicle in motion and interior shots of the occupants as they drive, have dialogue, and look out the windows. A range of effective cinematic camera angles for exterior shots are described. The various types of exterior shots serve to say something about the vehicle itself, the environment through which a car or other vehicle is being driven, the style of driving, or the length of the trip. Some of these shots begin with transitions, while others offer cutting points to interior car scenes. Standard camera angles to cover conversation in a car are described. The right combination of shots must be chosen to ensure that the shots match and that eyelines are logical, or the shots will not meet the needs of continuity editing and clear storytelling. Many examples are described and illustrated using storyboards, with both their visual storytelling and continuity editing aspects explained.
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Minkova, Donka. "Examining the Evidence for Phonemic Affricates: Middle English /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ or [t-ʃ], [d-ʒ]?" In Historical Dialectology in the Digital Age, 156–84. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430531.003.0008.
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Affricates represent an analytic challenge, as a category intermediate between simple stops and a sequence of a stop and a fricative. The paper traces the historical evidence for the development of OE [c], a single segment, to palatal [cj], assibilated [tʃ], the sequence [tʃ], and back to a single segment contour /t͡ʃ/, building on diagnostics like the blocking property of medial clusters versus singletons in resolution in OE verse, alliteration, metrical treatment in terms of syllable weight, data from language acquisition, phonetics in terms of durational properties, the interaction with Middle English sound changes, as well as the early neutralization of the singleton-geminate contrast. Further support comes from spelling, including a possible Celtic origin for OE <cg>, and <ch> spellings in LAEME as evidence supporting Orthographic Remapping of Palatal c. Finally, the author considers the impact of Old French loanwords, where the simplification of affricates in Anglo-Norman is argued to be delayed compared to Central French due to the existence of the sequences [tʃ] and [dʒ] in Middle English.
Conference papers on the topic "Blocking angle"
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Sacks, Elisha, Leo Joskowicz, Ralf Schultheiss, and Uwe Hinze. "Redesign of a Spatial Gear Pair Using Configuration Spaces." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34112.
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This paper presents an industrial case study in which a spatial higher pair is redesigned using our configuration space method of kinematic analysis. The task is to remove occasional blocking in an asynchronous reverse gear pair from a car transmission. A systematic kinematic analysis is required because the blocking configurations are unknown and because very few initial configurations cause blocking. We use our configuration space method of kinematic analysis to solve the problem. We determine why the gears block by constructing a series of two-dimensional configuration spaces that model the engagement kinematics. Blocking occurs when two consecutive pairs of teeth make contact during engagement. The gear angles at the contact determine whether or not the gears will block. Our analysis determines that blocking occurs in 4% of the angle space. Fine tuning the gear parameters reduces the range to 0.5%, but cannot eliminate the blocking. Removing every second gear tooth eliminates the blocking. The analysis results are consistent with the experimental data. The case study demonstrates that the configuration space method helps solve industrial problems that are outside the scope of prior work.
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Jiang, Shuai, Fu Chen, Jianyang Yu, Shaowen Chen, and Yanping Song. "Study on Leakage Loss Control Method of Circumferential Bending Clearance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90199.
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Abstract The concept of circumferential bending clearance based on Gauss Bimodal Function is proposed to suppress tip leakage flow (TLF) in a highly-loaded turbine cascade. In this method, a new vortex (BV) can be induced to mix with TLV in the middle of tip region and block the development of tip leakage vortex (TLV). Since the blocking effect divides the TLV into two parts, the tip leakage rate and loss of TLF can be reduced significantly. In order to reveal the mechanisms of blocking effect on leakage flow and its influencing factors, the research numerically investigates the effects of environmental conditions on the TLF development in a turbine cascade. The flow field analysis of the optimal bending clearance is in the first place, and then the effects of clearance heights (δ) and incidence angles (α) on the TLF characteristic and loss are investigated respectively. Results indicate that the blocking effect has a close relationship with the TLF characteristic, which can be divided into the BV migration, TLV-2 location and blocking loss. The nearer distance to the leading edge (LE) and farther distance to the suction side (SS) of BV means a less loss of TLF in bending clearance cases. The further distance away from blade tip and SS of TLV-2 means a larger-scale vortex with more loss. The additional loss in blocking region expands constantly with the increase of clearance height and incidence angle. The bending clearance has limited control effect on TLF with the variation of clearance height, especially the loss increases in Case 2%H. However, it has a strong adaptability with the change of incidence angle, the relative total pressure loss drops up to 16% in Case −5°.
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Akita, Manabu, and Takayuki Inaba. "Angle estimation using super resolution and blocking matrix in stepped multiple frequency complementary phase code radar." In 2018 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf18). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2018.8378709.
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Ji, In-Hwan, Bongmook Lee, Sizhen Wang, Veena Misra, Alex Q. Huang, and Young-Hwan Choi. "High voltage AlGaN/GaN HFET employing low taper angle field-plate for stable forward blocking capability." In 2014 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's (ISPSD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispsd.2014.6856028.
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Ren, Aoyu, Hai’ou Sun, Zhongyi Wang, and Xudong Chen. "Analysis of the Vortex Series Around Tabs in the Bent Marine Exhaust Ejector." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64381.
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In order to facilitate the application of special structural ejectors, which improve the ability of pumping the secondary flow without additional power consumption, reducing the flue gas temperature at the export and enhancing the ship viability under the threat of infrared guided weapons, this paper regardes the 90 ° bend tabs ejector as the research object according to the actual situation of our country’s ships, focuses on the inner effect of the existence of tabs on the flow field in the bent channel, and mainly revealed the transformation of the vortex around the tabs, for providing an explanation to a certain extent about how the tabs affect the macro performance of ejector. With ANSYS software, ring 8 equilateral triangles tabs were designed with 120 ° wall surface mounting angle. With adjusting the blocking ratio of the main outlet area based on the similar zoom, setting inlet swirl angle, and building a hybrid grid to compute, the vortex structure distribution and the development around tabs were observed. The maximum vorticity of vortex at different distances in the mixing tube to the mix tube exit had been calculated to reflect the change of vortex intensity. The final results show that although the streamwise vortices are still located in an axial symmetrical distribution, the swirl angle leads to an uneven distribution of the flow on both sides of a single tab. The inlet swirl angle can make the symmetry of the steamwise vortex vaguer, but the effect of the convection to the vortex is enhanced. The blocking area ratio of the nozzle cross-sectional surface has a large effect on the vorticity of the streamwise vortex. The calculation results show that the larger the blocking area is, the greater the vorticity of streamwise vortex is, which also shows that when the tab shape is fixed, the tab surface area will increase the streamwise vorticity. Through the above research, the shape and the change of the streamwise vortex generated by the tabs in the bent ejector are clearly demonstrated, which can be a reference for the design of high performance bent ejector.
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Takeda, Yukio, and Xinghai Liang. "Transmission Index of Lower-Mobility Parallel Mechanism: Case Study on 3-PRS Mechanism." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68222.
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An extended definition of the transmission index based on the pressure angle was proposed. In order to enable evaluation of motion/force transmissibility and constrainability of parallel mechanism including lower-mobility/hybrid parallel mechanisms, pressure angle of a kinematic structure obtained by blocking all the actuated joints of the original mechanism was defined. In addition to this, an equivalent kinematic model of the original mechanism was introduced, in which the output link is supported by pure forces with the directions determined by the kinematic configuration of the mechanism. With these new ideas, a novel transmission index was proposed, and an illustrative example of 3-PRS mechanism was shown.
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Liu, Huifeng, Jianli Zhang, Jiangyu Liu, Zhanwei Yang, Tie Chen, Yixin Gu, and Bahedaer Baletabieke. "Removing Water Blocking Damage in HTHP Tight Gas Reservoir Using Alternative Fracturing Fluid." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200159-ms.
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Abstract Tight gas reservoir is easily damaged by liquid phase because of the small pores and throats in the formation. Hydraulic fracturing is usually used in this kind of reservoir to improve well productivity; however, sometimes the productivity declines instead of increasing after treatments because of the damage of the water-based stimulation fluids. This paper introduces a production decline case in the HTHP tight gas reservoir in Tarim Basin, Western China, and provides a new solution. Dixi gas reservoir belongs to the formation of Jurassic Ahe Group, with burial depth of about 5000m. The formation porosity is between 3.0-7.0%, and the permeability is less than 0.1mD. The average DST production rates of three wells in this area were more than 30×104 m3/d. However, the production declined by 40% after completion. Acidizing and proppant fracturing were both conducted to regain their productivities; however, the production rates were reduced even further after the treatments. One of these wells’ daily production rate declined by 78% compared to DST production after use of acid fracturing and hydraulic fracturing. A series of core flow tests were carried out to find out the causes and solutions. The results showed that the retention of fracturing fluid in the formation caused "water blocking damage", which leaded to a significant increase of water saturation and rapid decline of gas phase permeability. This is considered the main cause of well productivity decline. Therefore, minimizing the capillary force in the formation is considered the main approach to remove the damage. Three series of alternative fracturing fluids were developed and evaluated. The first one is fracturing fluid with methanol. 5%-20% methanol was added to the fracturing fluid to relieve water blocking damage. The results showed that most of the wells fractured by methanol fracturing fluid gained good post-fracturing productivity. Fluorocarbon surfactant fracturing fluid was also developed, in which the concentration of guar gum was reduced to 0.35% to decrease the residual damage. Experimental tests showed that its surface tension was reduced to 0.85mN/m, and the contact angle was increased to 65.47°. Besides, a new nano-scale additive was developed, which can reduce the surface tension of the fracturing fluid from 72.7mN/m to 30.0 mN/m, and increase the contact angle from 38.5° to 126.0°. Thus the capillary force was reduced from 91.78 kPa to -28.44 kPa. Core flow tests under reservoir conditions also showed that the flowback rate of the fracturing fluid with this nano-scale additive was increased by 15% and its displacement pressure was reduced by more than 50% compared with the fracturing fluid without this additive. Besides, the gas-phase permeability of core after treatment with this fracturing fluid was 30% higher than that of normal fracturing fluid. In this paper, the causes of water blocking damage in an HTHP tight gas reservoir during well stimulation were analyzed. Three sets of alternative fracturing fluids were introduced and their laboratory test results were illustrated. The field application of methanol fracturing fluid was also introduced, which showed a good function of water blocking removal effectiveness. The other two fluids are also expected to obtain effective results in the field.
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Amuedo, K. C., B. R. Williams, J. D. Flood, and A. L. Johns. "STOVL Hot Gas Ingestion Control Technology." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-323.
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A comprehensive wind tunnel test program was conducted to evaluate control of Hot Gas Ingestion (HGI) on a 9.2% scale model of the McDonnell Aircraft Company model 279-3C advanced Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (STOVL) configuration. The test was conducted in the NASA-Lewis Research Center 9 foot by 15 foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel during the summer of 1987. Initial tests defined baseline HGI levels as determined by engine face temperature rise and temperature distortion. Subsequent testing was conducted to parametrically evaluate HGI control using: Lift Improvement Devices (LIDs), forward nozzle splay angle, combination of LIDs and forward nozzle splay angle, and main inlet blocking. The results from this test program demonstrate that HGI can be effectively controlled and that HGI is not a barrier to STOVL aircraft development.
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Neudeck, Larkin, Starr, Powell, Salupo, and Matus. "Four-fold improvement of 3C-SiC PN junction diode blocking voltage obtained through improved CVD epitaxy on low-tilt-angle 6H-SiC wafers." In Proceedings of IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.1992.307529.
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Pan, Kang, and James S. Wallace. "Numerical Studies of Glow Plug Shield on Natural Gas Ignition Characteristics in a CI Engine." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9445.
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This paper presents a numerical study on fuel injection, ignition and combustion in a direct-injection natural gas (DING) engine with ignition assisted by a shielded glow plug (GP). The shield geometry is investigated by employing different sizes of elliptical shield opening and changing the position of the shield opening. The results simulated by KIVA-3V indicated that fuel ignition and combustion is very sensitive to the relative angle between the fuel injection and the shield opening, and the use of an elliptical opening for the glow plug shield can reduce ignition delay by 0.1∼0.2ms for several specific combinations of the injection angle and shield opening size, compared to a circular shield opening. In addition, the numerical results also revealed that the natural gas ignition and flame propagation will be delayed by lowering a circular shield opening from the fuel jet center plane, due to the blocking effect of the shield to the fuel mixture, and hence it will reduce the DING performance by causing a longer ignition delay.