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Journal articles on the topic 'Blind individuals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Nejati, V. "Selective attention and inhibitory control in acquired blind individuals." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72139-3.

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Background and aimBlindness cause functional and structural change in brain. The aim of this study is evaluation and comparison of selective attention and inhibition in acquired blinds and matched sightedMethodForty five Acquired Blinds of war veteran and fifty six healthy volunteers participated in this cross sectional study. Auditory Stroop Test is used for evaluation of selective attention and inhibitory control. Independent T Test was used for comparing blind with sighted.ResultsFindings show significant difference between two groups so that sighted subjects have higher performance in accuracy and reaction time of all stage of stroop task.ConclusionWe concluded that acquired blinds didn’t have any preference in selective attention and inhibitory control versus matched sighted.

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2

Passini, R., J. Delisle, C. Langlois, and G. Proulx. "Wayfinding Information for Congenitally Blind Individuals." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 82, no. 10 (December 1988): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8808201008.

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The paper reports on a wayfinding study aimed at identifying the information needs of the congenitally totally blind population. A route-finding experiment in a complex architectural setting was undertaken with a group of 15 congenitally totally blind and a matched control group of 15 sighted subjects. The experiment showed that, compared to the sighted control group, the blind persons planned the journey in more detail, requiring for this purpose additional environmental information. During the journey, they formulated significantly more decisions and used significantly more units of information than the sighted control. Furthermore, the nature of the information used and its source were also different for the two groups. A cognitive mapping exercise, on the other hand, showed the blind to perform virtually as well as the sighted person.

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3

Junaidy, Deny Willy, Budi Isdianto, Gregorius Prasetyo Adhitama, Kukuh Rizki Satriaji, and Michael J. Proulx. "Visual Thinking in Congenitally Blind Individuals." International Journal of Diversity in Education 20, no. 1 (2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-0020/cgp/v20i01/35-48.

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4

Aubin, Sébrina, Julie A. E. Christensen, Poul Jennum, Tore Nielsen, Ron Kupers, and Maurice Ptito. "Preserved sleep microstructure in blind individuals." Sleep Medicine 42 (February 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1135.

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Schinazi, Victor R., Tyler Thrash, and Daniel-Robert Chebat. "Spatial navigation by congenitally blind individuals." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1375.

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Finocchietti, Sara, Davide Esposito, and Monica Gori. "Monaural auditory spatial abilities in early blind individuals." i-Perception 14, no. 1 (January 2023): 204166952211496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221149638.

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Early blind individuals can localize single sound sources better than sighted participants, even under monaural conditions. Yet, in binaural listening, they struggle with understanding the distances between three different sounds. The latter ability has never been tested under monaural conditions. We investigated the performance of eight early blind and eight blindfolded healthy individuals in monaural and binaural listening during two audio-spatial tasks. In the localization task, a single sound was played in front of participants who needed to localize it properly. In the auditory bisection task, three consecutive sounds were played from different spatial positions, and participants reported which sound the second one was closer to. Only early blind individuals improved their performance in the monaural bisection, while no statistical difference was present for the localization task. We concluded that early blind individuals show superior ability in using spectral cues under monaural conditions.

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Awad, Jasmine F., Woon Ju Park, and Ione Fine. "Enhanced auditory segregation in early blind individuals." Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.167.

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8

Graven, Torø. "How individuals who are blind locate targets." British Journal of Visual Impairment 36, no. 1 (January 2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619617737122.

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How do individuals who are blind locate, for example, the ‘@’ in an email address, the black king on a chessboard or their own house on a map? To locate information in peri-personal (non-rotated) tabletop space is a two-phase process: Phase 1 is to detect and identify the target; Phase 2 is to discover its position. This study investigated the relationship between Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the location process. A total of 23 individuals who are blind participated. Their accuracy in Phase 2 was affected by what strategy they had adopted in Phase 1; their location time was not. Three location strategies were identified in Phase 2 – the routing strategy, the global view strategy, and the touch vision strategy: the location time and accuracy not affected by which strategy had been adopted. 50% adopted the same strategy for ranking (Phase 1) target-discriminating features and (Phase 2) target-locating cues in order of importance.

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9

Yabe, Takao, and Kimitaka Kaga. "Sound lateralization test in adolescent blind individuals." NeuroReport 16, no. 9 (June 2005): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200506210-00012.

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10

Jonauskaite, Domicele, Lucia Camenzind, C. Alejandro Parraga, Cécile N. Diouf, Mathieu Mercapide Ducommun, Lauriane Müller, Mélanie Norberg, and Christine Mohr. "Colour-emotion associations in individuals with red-green colour blindness." PeerJ 9 (April 7, 2021): e11180. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11180.

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Colours and emotions are associated in languages and traditions. Some of us may convey sadness by saying feeling blue or by wearing black clothes at funerals. The first example is a conceptual experience of colour and the second example is an immediate perceptual experience of colour. To investigate whether one or the other type of experience more strongly drives colour-emotion associations, we tested 64 congenitally red-green colour-blind men and 66 non-colour-blind men. All participants associated 12 colours, presented as terms or patches, with 20 emotion concepts, and rated intensities of the associated emotions. We found that colour-blind and non-colour-blind men associated similar emotions with colours, irrespective of whether colours were conveyed via terms (r = .82) or patches (r = .80). The colour-emotion associations and the emotion intensities were not modulated by participants’ severity of colour blindness. Hinting at some additional, although minor, role of actual colour perception, the consistencies in associations for colour terms and patches were higher in non-colour-blind than colour-blind men. Together, these results suggest that colour-emotion associations in adults do not require immediate perceptual colour experiences, as conceptual experiences are sufficient.

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Lane, Connor, Shipra Kanjlia, Hilary Richardson, Anne Fulton, Akira Omaki, and Marina Bedny. "Reduced Left Lateralization of Language in Congenitally Blind Individuals." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 1 (January 2017): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01045.

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Language processing depends on a left-lateralized network of frontotemporal cortical regions. This network is remarkably consistent across individuals and cultures. However, there is also evidence that developmental factors, such as delayed exposure to language, can modify this network. Recently, it has been found that, in congenitally blind individuals, the typical frontotemporal language network expands to include parts of “visual” cortices. Here, we report that blindness is also associated with reduced left lateralization in frontotemporal language areas. We analyzed fMRI data from two samples of congenitally blind adults (n = 19 and n = 13) and one sample of congenitally blind children (n = 20). Laterality indices were computed for sentence comprehension relative to three different control conditions: solving math equations (Experiment 1), a memory task with nonwords (Experiment 2), and a “does this come next?” task with music (Experiment 3). Across experiments and participant samples, the frontotemporal language network was less left-lateralized in congenitally blind than in sighted individuals. Reduction in left lateralization was not related to Braille reading ability or amount of occipital plasticity. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between the lateralization of frontotemporal cortex and that of language-responsive occipital areas in blind individuals. Blind individuals with right-lateralized language responses in frontotemporal cortices also had right-lateralized occipital responses to language. Together, these results reveal a modified neurobiology of language in blindness. Our findings suggest that, despite its usual consistency across people, the neurobiology of language can be modified by nonlinguistic experiences.

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Nakajima, Sawako, Naoyuki Okochi, Naoko Iizumi, Motohiko Tsuru, Kazutaka Mitobe, and Tetsujiro Yamagami. "The Possibility and Challenges for Deaf-Blind Individuals to Enjoy Films in Theater." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 21, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2017.p0350.

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In recent times, the use of subtitles and audio descriptions in movies for individuals with either hearing or visual impairment and the need to develop systems to provide these have been realized. However, even the need and possibility for deaf-blind individuals to enjoy movies have not been discussed yet. This study created an environment for deaf-blind individuals to “watch” a film, and conducted a screening of feature-length films with subtitles and audio descriptions. Interviews of 26 deaf-blind individuals indicated that 56% had watched films in a theater after becoming deaf-blind and before the screening session. When watching the films, 26.9% of participants used individual monitoring devices, headphones, or other conventional video or audio equipment. Furthermore, 50% were able to use either subtitles or audio descriptions. Regardless of their impairment conditions, participants responded positively towards watching the film in the screening session. Among the deaf-blind, 42.1% of the partially sighted and deaf, blind and hard of hearing, and partially sighted and hard of hearing individuals appreciated a special aspect of the theater, i.e., “sharing an opportunity and communication with others.”

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Iversen, Katrine D., Maurice Ptito, Per Møller, and Ron Kupers. "Enhanced Chemosensory Detection of Negative Emotions in Congenital Blindness." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/469750.

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It is generally acknowledged that congenitally blind individuals develop superior sensory abilities in order to compensate for their lack of vision. Substantial research has been done on somatosensory and auditory sensory information processing of the blind. However, relatively little information is available about compensatory plasticity in the olfactory domain. Although previous studies indicate that blind individuals have superior olfactory abilities, no studies so far have investigated their sense of smell in relation to social and affective communication. The current study compares congenitally blind and normal sighted individuals in their ability to discriminate and identify emotions from body odours. A group of 14 congenitally blind and 14 age- and sex-matched sighted control subjects participated in the study. We compared participants’ abilities to detect and identify by smelling sweat from donors who had been watching excerpts from emotional movies showing amusement, fear, disgust, or sexual arousal. Our results show that congenitally blind subjects outperformed sighted controls in identifying fear from male donors. In addition, there was a strong tendency that blind individuals were also better in detecting disgust. Our findings reveal that congenitally blind individuals are better at identifying ecologically important emotions and provide new insights into the mechanisms of social and affective communication in blindness.

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Sorokowska, Agnieszka. "Olfactory Performance in a Large Sample of Early-Blind and Late-Blind Individuals." Chemical Senses 41, no. 8 (July 20, 2016): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjw081.

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15

Jednoróg*, Katarzyna, and Anna Grabowska. "Behavioral manifestations of brain plasticity in blind and low-vision individuals." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 68, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2008-1675.

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Tactile sensitivity enhancement (TSE) observed in blind people is probably a result of intensified tactile training. Although many researchers consider TSE in the blind to be an example of use-dependent plasticity, it is unclear whether the effects of training (Braille reading) are specific, i.e. restricted to the trained function and hand, or if they are more general. To examine this issue further, blind Braille readers, low-vision subjects (Braille readers and non-Braille readers) and sighted controls were tested in two tasks: a texture task resembling the Braille system and a dissimilar groove orientation task. Braille readers, both blind and those with low vision, performed better in both tasks than low-vision non-Braille readers or sighted controls. However, the difference was significant only for the blind (more experienced) Braille readers. In the groove orientation task, the positive influence of training was detectable irrespective of the hand used in the test, but in the coarse texture task this influence was limited to the hand trained in Braille. Thus, it appears that tactile training is of significance in TSE but its effects are, to a large extent, task- and hand-specific.

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McDaniel, Troy, Diep Tran, Abhik Chowdhury, Bijan Fakhri, and Sethuraman Panchanathan. "Recognition of Tactile Facial Action Units by Individuals Who Are Blind and Sighted: A Comparative Study." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti3020032.

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Given that most cues exchanged during a social interaction are nonverbal (e.g., facial expressions, hand gestures, body language), individuals who are blind are at a social disadvantage compared to their sighted peers. Very little work has explored sensory augmentation in the context of social assistive aids for individuals who are blind. The purpose of this study is to explore the following questions related to visual-to-vibrotactile mapping of facial action units (the building blocks of facial expressions): (1) How well can individuals who are blind recognize tactile facial action units compared to those who are sighted? (2) How well can individuals who are blind recognize emotions from tactile facial action units compared to those who are sighted? These questions are explored in a preliminary pilot test using absolute identification tasks in which participants learn and recognize vibrotactile stimulations presented through the Haptic Chair, a custom vibrotactile display embedded on the back of a chair. Study results show that individuals who are blind are able to recognize tactile facial action units as well as those who are sighted. These results hint at the potential for tactile facial action units to augment and expand access to social interactions for individuals who are blind.

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Bertonati, Giorgia, Maria Bianca Amadeo, Claudio Campus, and Monica Gori. "Auditory speed processing in sighted and blind individuals." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0257676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257676.

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Multisensory experience is crucial for developing a coherent perception of the world. In this context, vision and audition are essential tools to scaffold spatial and temporal representations, respectively. Since speed encompasses both space and time, investigating this dimension in blindness allows deepening the relationship between sensory modalities and the two representation domains. In the present study, we hypothesized that visual deprivation influences the use of spatial and temporal cues underlying acoustic speed perception. To this end, ten early blind and ten blindfolded sighted participants performed a speed discrimination task in which spatial, temporal, or both cues were available to infer moving sounds’ velocity. The results indicated that both sighted and early blind participants preferentially relied on temporal cues to determine stimuli speed, by following an assumption that identified as faster those sounds with a shorter duration. However, in some cases, this temporal assumption produces a misperception of the stimulus speed that negatively affected participants’ performance. Interestingly, early blind participants were more influenced by this misleading temporal assumption than sighted controls, resulting in a stronger impairment in the speed discrimination performance. These findings demonstrate that the absence of visual experience in early life increases the auditory system’s preference for the time domain and, consequentially, affects the perception of speed through audition.

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18

Belanich, James, and Sheri Gelvar. "Adaptive technology for individuals who are deaf-blind." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 6, no. 2 (1996): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-1996-6208.

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19

Pieniak, Michal, Kinga Lachowicz‐Tabaczek, Maciej Karwowski, and Anna Oleszkiewicz. "Sensory compensation beliefs among blind and sighted individuals." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 63, no. 1 (October 28, 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12781.

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20

Bertonati, Giorgia, Maria Bianca Amadeo, Claudio Campus, and Monica Gori. "Auditory speed processing in sighted and blind individuals." Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2519.

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Cattaneo, Zaira, Micaela Fantino, Juha Silvanto, Carla Tinti, and Tomaso Vecchi. "Blind individuals show pseudoneglect in bisecting numerical intervals." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73, no. 4 (February 2, 2011): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-011-0094-x.

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22

Fleming, Piers, Linden J. Ball, Thomas C. Ormerod, and Alan F. Collins. "Analogue versus propositional representation in congenitally blind individuals." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13, no. 6 (December 2006): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03213924.

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23

Lerens, Elodie, Rodrigo Araneda, Laurent Renier, and Anne G. De Volder. "Improved Beat Asynchrony Detection in Early Blind Individuals." Perception 43, no. 10 (January 2014): 1083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7789.

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24

Striem-Amit, Ella, Smadar Ovadia-Caro, Ningcong Tong, Xiaoying Wang, Yanchao Bi, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Visual cortex connectivity variability in congenitally blind individuals." Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 159c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.159c.

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25

Occelli, Valeria, Jonathan B. Lin, Simon Lacey, and K. Sathian. "Spatial imagery and cognitive style in blind individuals." Multisensory Research 26, no. 1-2 (2013): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-000s0139.

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26

Parreira, Rodolfo Borges, Luanda André Collange Grecco, and Claudia Santos Oliveira. "Postural control in blind individuals: A systematic review." Gait & Posture 57 (September 2017): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.008.

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Gamond, Lucile, Tomaso Vecchi, Chiara Ferrari, Lotfi B. Merabet, and Zaira Cattaneo. "Emotion processing in early blind and sighted individuals." Neuropsychology 31, no. 5 (July 2017): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000360.

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Park, Woon Ju, and Ione Fine. "How do early blind individuals experience auditory motion?" Journal of Vision 22, no. 14 (December 5, 2022): 3098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.14.3098.

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29

Werner, Mona M., and Alfred D. Hagle. "Library services to blind and physically handicapped individuals." Book Research Quarterly 5, no. 3 (September 1989): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02683783.

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30

Chan, Chetwyn C. H., Alex W. K. Wong, Kin-Hung Ting, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, Jufang He, and Tatia M. C. Lee. "Cross auditory-spatial learning in early-blind individuals." Human Brain Mapping 33, no. 11 (September 20, 2011): 2714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21395.

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31

Paré, Samuel, Maxime Bleau, Ismaël Djerourou, Vincent Malotaux, Ron Kupers, and Maurice Ptito. "Spatial navigation with horizontally spatialized sounds in early and late blind individuals." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e0247448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247448.

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Blind individuals often report difficulties to navigate and to detect objects placed outside their peri-personal space. Although classical sensory substitution devices could be helpful in this respect, these devices often give a complex signal which requires intensive training to analyze. New devices that provide a less complex output signal are therefore needed. Here, we evaluate a smartphone-based sensory substitution device that offers navigation guidance based on strictly spatial cues in the form of horizontally spatialized sounds. The system uses multiple sensors to either detect obstacles at a distance directly in front of the user or to create a 3D map of the environment (detection and avoidance mode, respectively), and informs the user with auditory feedback. We tested 12 early blind, 11 late blind and 24 blindfolded-sighted participants for their ability to detect obstacles and to navigate in an obstacle course. The three groups did not differ in the number of objects detected and avoided. However, early blind and late blind participants were faster than their sighted counterparts to navigate through the obstacle course. These results are consistent with previous research on sensory substitution showing that vision can be replaced by other senses to improve performance in a wide variety of tasks in blind individuals. This study offers new evidence that sensory substitution devices based on horizontally spatialized sounds can be used as a navigation tool with a minimal amount of training.

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32

Lee, Jarrett G. W., Bongshin Lee, Soyoung Choi, JooYoung Seo, and Eun Kyoung Choe. "Identify, Adapt, Persist." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 8, no. 2 (May 13, 2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3659585.

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Personal health technologies (PHTs) often do not consider the accessibility needs of blind individuals, preventing access to their capabilities and data. However, despite the accessibility barriers, some blind individuals persistently use such systems and even express satisfaction with them. To obtain a deeper understanding of blind users' prolonged experiences in PHTs, we interviewed 11 individuals who continue to use such technologies, discussing and observing their past and current interactions with their systems. We report on usability issues blind users encounter and how they adapt to these situations, and theories for the persistent use of PHTs in the face of poor accessibility. We reflect on strategies to improve the accessibility and usability of PHTs for blind users, as well as ideas to aid the normalization of accessible features within these systems.

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M, Sharmila. "DESIGN OF AN INTELLIGENT ELECTRIC VEHICLE VISUALLY CHALLENGED PERSON." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 6, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33221.

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Blind individuals now utilise a conventional cane to guide them as they go from one location to another. Even though the standard cane is the most widely used aid for the blind today, it is unable to assist them in identifying hazards from various degrees of obstruction. Within this framework, we suggest a novel intelligent system to assist those who are blind or partially sighted. Through the usage of this device, blind persons may walk around with the same confidence and ease as sighted people. The system is connected to a GSM- GPS module in order to pinpoint the blind person's position and create a wireless two-way communication channel. Additionally, it uses ultrasonic sensors to offer direction information and obstacle avoidance information. The system is further enhanced with a vibrator, an accelerometer sensor, and a beeper. The white cane is utilised in conjunction with the compact and lightweight system. The outcomes demonstrated that the blinds utilising this method could move securely and autonomously. Key Words: AT commands, Microcontroller, Short Message Service (SMS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), and Assistive Technology.

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Balaban, Tilbert, and Anatoly Sachenko. "Development of a Web Application for Taking Tests by Blind People." Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2023.01.001.

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The main purpose of this article is to de- scribethe process of creating a web application designed specifically for blind individuals to take tests. The author discusses the challenges that visually impaired individuals face when taking tests and how the new web application addresses these challenges. The application has been devel- oped using web accessibility guidelines and includes features such as screen reader compatibility, speech recognition, keyboard navigation, and high-contrast options. The author also discusses the testing process used to ensure that the application was effective and accessible for visually impaired users. The results of the study indicate that the application was successful in providing an accessible platform for blind individuals to take tests. The article provides valuable in- sights for developers interested in creating accessible web applications for individuals with disabilities.

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Szubielska, Magdalena, Marta Szewczyk, Paweł Augustynowicz, Wojciech Kędziora, and Wenke Möhring. "Adults’ spatial scaling of tactile maps: Insights from studying sighted, early and late blind individuals." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 30, 2024): e0304008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304008.

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The current study investigated spatial scaling of tactile maps among blind adults and blindfolded sighted controls. We were specifically interested in identifying spatial scaling strategies as well as effects of different scaling directions (up versus down) on participants’ performance. To this aim, we asked late blind participants (with visual memory, Experiment 1) and early blind participants (without visual memory, Experiment 2) as well as sighted blindfolded controls to encode a map including a target and to place a response disc at the same spot on an empty, constant-sized referent space. Maps had five different sizes resulting in five scaling factors (1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1), allowing to investigate different scaling directions (up and down) in a single, comprehensive design. Accuracy and speed of learning about the target location as well as responding served as dependent variables. We hypothesized that participants who can use visual mental representations (i.e., late blind and blindfolded sighted participants) may adopt mental transformation scaling strategies. However, our results did not support this hypothesis. At the same time, we predicted the usage of relative distance scaling strategies in early blind participants, which was supported by our findings. Moreover, our results suggested that tactile maps can be scaled as accurately and even faster by blind participants than by sighted participants. Furthermore, irrespective of the visual status, participants of each visual status group gravitated their responses towards the center of the space. Overall, it seems that a lack of visual imagery does not impair early blind adults’ spatial scaling ability but causes them to use a different strategy than sighted and late blind individuals.

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Fieger, Anne, Brigitte Röder, Wolfgang Teder-Sälejärvi, Steven A. Hillyard, and Helen J. Neville. "Auditory Spatial Tuning in Late-onset Blindness in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.2.149.

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Blind individuals who lost their sight as older children or adults were compared with normally sighted controls in their ability to focus auditory spatial attention and to localize sounds in a noisy acoustic environment. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants attended to sounds presented in free field from either central or peripheral arrays of speakers with the task of detecting infrequent targets at the attended location. When attending to the central array of speakers, the two groups detected targets equally well, and their spatial tuning curves for both ERPs and target detections were highly similar. By contrast, late blind participants were significantly more accurate than sighted participants at localizing sounds in the periphery. For both groups, the early N1 amplitude to peripheral standard stimuli displayed no significant spatial tuning. In contrast, the amplitude of the later P3 elicited by targets/deviants displayed a more sharply tuned spatial gradient during peripheral attention in the late blind than in the sighted group. These findings were compared with those of a previous study of congenitally blind individuals in the same task [Röder, B., Teder-Sälejärvi, W., Sterr, A., Rösler, F., Hillyard, S. A., & Neville, H. J. Improved auditory spatial tuning in blind humans. Nature, 400, 162–166, 1999]. It was concluded that both late blind and congenitally blind individuals demonstrate an enhanced capability for focusing auditory attention in the periphery, but they do so via different mechanisms: whereas congenitally blind persons demonstrate a more sharply tuned early attentional filtering, manifested in the N1, late blind individuals show superiority in a later stage of target discrimination and recognition, indexed by the P3.

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37

van der Heijden, Kiki, Elia Formisano, Giancarlo Valente, Minye Zhan, Ron Kupers, and Beatrice de Gelder. "Reorganization of Sound Location Processing in the Auditory Cortex of Blind Humans." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 1103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz151.

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Abstract Auditory spatial tasks induce functional activation in the occipital—visual—cortex of early blind humans. Less is known about the effects of blindness on auditory spatial processing in the temporal—auditory—cortex. Here, we investigated spatial (azimuth) processing in congenitally and early blind humans with a phase-encoding functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. Our results show that functional activation in response to sounds in general—independent of sound location—was stronger in the occipital cortex but reduced in the medial temporal cortex of blind participants in comparison with sighted participants. Additionally, activation patterns for binaural spatial processing were different for sighted and blind participants in planum temporale. Finally, fMRI responses in the auditory cortex of blind individuals carried less information on sound azimuth position than those in sighted individuals, as assessed with a 2-channel, opponent coding model for the cortical representation of sound azimuth. These results indicate that early visual deprivation results in reorganization of binaural spatial processing in the auditory cortex and that blind individuals may rely on alternative mechanisms for processing azimuth position.

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Leo, Andrea, Giulio Bernardi, Giacomo Handjaras, Daniela Bonino, Emiliano Ricciardi, and Pietro Pietrini. "Increased BOLD Variability in the Parietal Cortex and Enhanced Parieto-Occipital Connectivity during Tactile Perception in Congenitally Blind Individuals." Neural Plasticity 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/720278.

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Previous studies in early blind individuals posited a possible role of parieto-occipital connections in conveying nonvisual information to the visual occipital cortex. As a consequence of blindness, parietal areas would thus become able to integrate a greater amount of multimodal information than in sighted individuals. To verify this hypothesis, we compared fMRI-measured BOLD signal temporal variability, an index of efficiency in functional information integration, in congenitally blind and sighted individuals during tactile spatial discrimination and motion perception tasks. In both tasks, the BOLD variability analysis revealed many cortical regions with a significantly greater variability in the blind as compared to sighted individuals, with an overlapping cluster located in the left inferior parietal/anterior intraparietal cortex. A functional connectivity analysis using this region as seed showed stronger correlations in both tasks with occipital areas in the blind as compared to sighted individuals. As BOLD variability reflects neural integration and processing efficiency, these cross-modal plastic changes in the parietal cortex, even if described in a limited sample, reinforce the hypothesis that this region may play an important role in processing nonvisual information in blind subjects and act as a hub in the cortico-cortical pathway from somatosensory cortex to the reorganized occipital areas.

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Choi, Hyo Jung, Jeong-Sug Kyong, Jae Hee Lee, Seung Ho Han, and Hyun Joon Shim. "The Impact of Spectral and Temporal Degradation on Vocoded Speech Recognition in Early-Blind Individuals." eneuro 11, no. 5 (May 2024): ENEURO.0528–23.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/eneuro.0528-23.2024.

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This study compared the impact of spectral and temporal degradation on vocoded speech recognition between early-blind and sighted subjects. The participants included 25 early-blind subjects (30.32 ± 4.88 years; male:female, 14:11) and 25 age- and sex-matched sighted subjects. Tests included monosyllable recognition in noise at various signal-to-noise ratios (−18 to −4 dB), matrix sentence-in-noise recognition, and vocoded speech recognition with different numbers of channels (4, 8, 16, and 32) and temporal envelope cutoff frequencies (50 vs 500 Hz). Cortical-evoked potentials (N2 and P3b) were measured in response to spectrally and temporally degraded stimuli. The early-blind subjects displayed superior monosyllable and sentence recognition than sighted subjects (allp < 0.01). In the vocoded speech recognition test, a three-way repeated-measure analysis of variance (two groups × four channels × two cutoff frequencies) revealed significant main effects of group, channel, and cutoff frequency (allp < 0.001). Early-blind subjects showed increased sensitivity to spectral degradation for speech recognition, evident in the significant interaction between group and channel (p = 0.007). N2 responses in early-blind subjects exhibited shorter latency and greater amplitude in the 8-channel (p = 0.022 and 0.034, respectively) and shorter latency in the 16-channel (p = 0.049) compared with sighted subjects. In conclusion, early-blind subjects demonstrated speech recognition advantages over sighted subjects, even in the presence of spectral and temporal degradation. Spectral degradation had a greater impact on speech recognition in early-blind subjects, while the effect of temporal degradation was similar in both groups.

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Sonwane, Prof Vishnu. "Ultrasonic Vibrator Glove for Enhanced Mobility and Safety in Visually Impaired Individuals." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 1509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56518.

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Abstract: This paper explores the conception, production, and actual use of an ultrasonic vibrator glove intended to aid the blind. The glove accomplishes real-time obstacle detection and offers tactile feedback by merging cutting-edge components such an ultrasonic sensor, haptic motor, and Arduino UNO board. For people who are blind, this breakthrough dramatically improves mobility, independence, and safety. The glove's integration of haptic vibration and ultrasonic detection overcomes conventional constraints and gives users a natural approach to understand their environment. The Ultrasonic Vibrator Glove redefines the tactile experience, allowing those who are blind to navigate their environment more successfully through quick obstacle detection and intuitive vibrations. The end result is a solution that empowers people and encourages self-assurance, independence, and security in their daily lives.

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LEGER, Damien, Christian GUILLEMINAULT, Remy DEFRANCE, Alain DOMONT, and Michel PAILLARD. "Prevalence of sleep/wake disorders in persons with blindness." Clinical Science 97, no. 2 (June 17, 1999): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0970193.

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Blind individuals are not only handicapped by their loss of vision, but are also affected because the loss of sight may have a secondary impact on functioning of their biological clock. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of visual loss on sleep/wake disorders. A prospective 48-item questionnaire survey was distributed to blind individuals through the French Association Valentin Haüy, which serves blind persons. A control group matched by age, sex, geographical location and professional activity/non-activity was obtained from a panel of 20000 households representative of the French population, and this group also completed the questionnaire. From a potential blind population of 1500 subjects, 1073 questionnaires (71.5%) were completed and usable for analysis, and from a potential 1000 control subjects, 794 (79.4%) of the questionnaires were returned and analysed. Criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th revision, and the International Classification of Sleep/Wake Disorders (1990) were used to determine pathology. Individuals determined to be ‘totally blind’ and ‘almost blind’ (i.e. with less than 10% vision left in only one eye) presented a significantly higher occurrence of sleep/wake disorders than controls. Nocturnal sleep disruption, daytime somnolence, and (to a lesser degree) a ‘free-running’ condition are significantly more common in blind individuals. There is an increased use of sleeping pills, and a higher incidence of inappropriate involuntary daily naps. In conclusion, individuals with blindness report a significant curtailment of total sleep time and hence resulting daytime somnolence, which impacts on daytime activities. A ‘free-running’ condition is also a common sleep/wake impairment that may compound the handicap of blindness.

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Klerman, Elizabeth B., David W. Rimmer, Derk-Jan Dijk, Richard E. Kronauer, Joseph F. Rizzo, and Charles A. Czeisler. "Nonphotic entrainment of the human circadian pacemaker." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): R991—R996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r991.

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In organisms as diverse as single-celled algae and humans, light is the primary stimulus mediating entrainment of the circadian biological clock. Reports that some totally blind individuals appear entrained to the 24-h day have suggested that nonphotic stimuli may also be effective circadian synchronizers in humans, although the nonphotic stimuli are probably comparatively weak synchronizers, because the circadian rhythms of many totally blind individuals “free run” even when they maintain a 24-h activity-rest schedule. To investigate entrainment by nonphotic synchronizers, we studied the endogenous circadian melatonin and core body temperature rhythms of 15 totally blind subjects who lacked conscious light perception and exhibited no suppression of plasma melatonin in response to ocular bright-light exposure. Nine of these fifteen blind individuals were able to maintain synchronization to the 24-h day, albeit often at an atypical phase angle of entrainment. Nonphotic stimuli also synchronized the endogenous circadian rhythms of a totally blind individual to a non-24-h schedule while living in constant near darkness. We conclude that nonphotic stimuli can entrain the human circadian pacemaker in some individuals lacking ocular circadian photoreception.

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Imtiaz, Maham, Samina Khalid, Saleema Khadam, Sumaira Arshad, Ali Raza, and Tehmina Khalil. "Blind Electronic Mail System." Computer and Information Science 14, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v14n1p14.

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Web has gotten one of the essential civilities for everyday living. Each individual is generally getting to the information specially E-mail and data through Web. Nonetheless, daze individuals face challenges in getting to these content materials, likewise in utilizing any help given through Web. The progression in PC based available frameworks has opened up numerous roads for the outwardly debilitated over the globe in a wide manner. Sound input based virtual climate like, the screen readers have helped Blind individuals to get to Web applications colossally. We depict the Voice-mail framework design that can be utilized by a Blind individual to get to messages effectively and productively. The commitment built by this examination has empowered the visually impaired public to deliver and get voice-based e-mail messages in their local language with the assistance of a PC (Ingle, P., Kanade, H., & Lanke, A. 2016).

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Imtiaz, Maham, Samina Khalid, Saleema Khadam, Sumaira Arshad, Ali Raza, and Tehmina Khalil. "Blind Electronic Mail System." Computer and Information Science 14, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v14n1p14.

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Web has gotten one of the essential civilities for everyday living. Each individual is generally getting to the information specially E-mail and data through Web. Nonetheless, daze individuals face challenges in getting to these content materials, likewise in utilizing any help given through Web. The progression in PC based available frameworks has opened up numerous roads for the outwardly debilitated over the globe in a wide manner. Sound input based virtual climate like, the screen readers have helped Blind individuals to get to Web applications colossally. We depict the Voice-mail framework design that can be utilized by a Blind individual to get to messages effectively and productively. The commitment built by this examination has empowered the visually impaired public to deliver and get voice-based e-mail messages in their local language with the assistance of a PC (Ingle, P., Kanade, H., & Lanke, A. 2016).

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SHEILA, A. ABAYA, MIGUEL CASTILLO JUAN, DAYUPAY HAZEL, ESPERO CHRISTOPHER, RICARDO GARCIA RAMON, and MANGAHAS MAMER. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT FOR LEGALLY BLIND INDIVIDUALS." i-manager's Journal on Mobile Applications and Technologies 6, no. 2 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jmt.6.2.17352.

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Vadapalli, Kiranmai, Ravi D, D. B. Vamsi Krishna, V. Jyothirmai, and Bhargava Venkata Devarakonda. "Comparison of tactile sensation among blind and sighted individuals." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2020.034.

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Deroy, Ophelia, Irène Fasiello, Vincent Hayward, and Malika Auvray. "Differentiated audio-tactile correspondences in sighted and blind individuals." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 42, no. 8 (August 2016): 1204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000152.

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Chebat, Daniel-Robert, Jan-Kai Chen, Fabien Schneider, Alain Ptito, Ron Kupers, and Maurice Ptito. "Alterations in right posterior hippocampus in early blind individuals." NeuroReport 18, no. 4 (March 2007): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e32802b70f8.

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Matsubara, Masaki, Takahiro Oba, Hideki Kadone, Hiroko Terasawa, Kenji Suzuki, and Masaki Iguchi. "Wearable Auditory Biofeedback Device for Blind and Sighted Individuals." IEEE MultiMedia 22, no. 1 (January 2015): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmul.2015.20.

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Ruminski, Jacek. "Color Processing for Color-Blind Individuals Using Smart Glasses." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 5, no. 8 (December 1, 2015): 1652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2015.1629.

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