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Journal articles on the topic 'Bleaching technology'

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Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Rounsaville, Jeff. "Ozone Bleaching. Ozone Technology for Pulp Bleaching Applications." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.738.

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2

Shen, De Jun. "Oak Veneer Bleaching Technology." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1219.

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oak veneer furniture with bleach treatment process, and by orthogonal test method of oak veneer bleaching factors were analyzed to determine the bleaching process parameters, that is a certain quality and a certain fraction of the mass fraction of sodium hypochlorite oxalic acid composition of oxidized bleach treatment is better.
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3

Kawakami, Chiaki, Kenji Matsumoto, Olavi Pikka, and Aki Vilpponen. "Ozone Bleaching. Recent Bleaching Technology with Ozone and Ahlstage." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.751.

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4

Li, Zhijiang, Tianru Yu, and Lichao Yu. "Study on the scouring-bleaching technology of Xinjiang scutched flax." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502095765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020957650.

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This study explored and improved the optimal scouring-bleaching process of Xinjiang scutched flax, based on its characteristics and the scouring-bleaching process of existing mature flax. The physical properties, such as length, strength, split degree and fineness, and the chemical composition of Xinjiang scutched flax, such as the content of cellulose, lipowax, pectin, hemicellulose, water-soluble matter, lignin, etc., were measured and analyzed. The approximate range of bleaching process parameters was determined referring to the existing general flax scouring-bleaching process. Thirdly, the orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels interaction is designed, and the optimal scouring-bleaching process scheme is obtained after analysis and verification.
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5

Kirkpatrick, Neil. "Biological Bleaching of Wood Pulps – A Viable Chlorine-Free Bleaching Technology?" Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1991): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0464.

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Biobleaching of wood pulp is bleaching caused by the activity of certain microorganisms. The term “biobleaching” is sometimes also used to describe enzymatic bleaching. In both cases, the aim is to effect bleaching without the use of chlorine, thus minimising the discharge of potentially toxic and mutagenic chlorinated organics in bleach plant effluents. In this paper, the current status of biobleaching research is reviewed and factors necessitating further investigation before biobleaching might be viable on a commercial basis are highlighted.
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6

Ragnar, Martinr, and Kenji Umemura. "COMPACT BLEACHING™." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 60, no. 2 (2006): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.60.191.

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7

Koshitsuka, Tetsuo. "Foundation of Recycled Pulp Bleaching Technology." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 56, no. 7 (2002): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.56.963.

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8

Dairaku, Toshio, and Yutaka Araki. "Modern Technology of Kraft Pulp Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 45, no. 11 (1991): 1208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.45.1208.

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9

Khakimova, Firdaves Kharisovna, Konstantin Andreyevich Sinyayev, and Ruslan Eduardovich. "DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF DISSOLVING WOOD PULP." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020026677.

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The work is devoted to the study of possibility and expediency of ECF bleaching for semi-chemical pulp with production of dissolving pulp, which is very popular in Russia and in the world. Production of dissolving wood pulp is important to replace cotton pulp obtained from imported raw materials. The conditions of bleaching and alkali treatment of sulfite pulp are investigated. CA dissolving pulp grade P was produced. To this end, new environmentally reliable short bleaching and alkali treatment schemes of sulfite pulp have been developed using only two oxidizing reagents: hydrogen peroxide and sodium chlorite. The bleaching schemes are based on the ECF technology developed earlier by the authors. Bleached dissolving pulp CA grade P was obtained according to all proposed schemes, including the shortened scheme Pa–E–Ch1–HAT–Ch2–A; pulp with increased yield was obtained due to good selectivity of the used chemicals under the developed conditions of delignification and bleaching, which contributes to the economy of wood. The possibility of obtaining pulp for viscose according to the above scheme is also shown. The results of studies have shown the possibility of obtaining wood pulp CA grade P from these raw materials by TCF technology with the use for delignification and bleaching (after alkali treatment) of hydrogen peroxide in an acidic and traditional alkaline medium, respectively.
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10

Gavora, J., A. Terenová, and P. Jankovič. "Mutagenicity of pulp bleaching wastewater depends on bleaching technology (chlorine vs. ozone)." Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 271, no. 2 (1992): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(92)91249-q.

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11

Kurita, Kohei, and Takeshi Oitani. "Ozone Bleaching. Kvaerner Ozone Bleaching System." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.744.

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12

Kobayashi, Toru. "Ozone Bleaching. High Consistency Ozone Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.762.

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13

Parén, A. "Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching. GreenOx Bleaching Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 52, no. 5 (1998): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.52.630.

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14

F.Kh., Khakimova, Sinyaev K.A., and Nagimov D.R. "Environmentally Sound Technology of Sulphite Pulp Bleaching." Bulletin of Higher Educational Institutions. Lesnoi Zhurnal (Forestry journal), no. 3 (May 20, 2016): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2016.3.147.

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15

Yamaguchi, Akira. "The recent bleaching technology in BKP making." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 43, no. 10 (1989): 960–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.43.960.

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16

Kennedy, John F., and David W. Taylor. "Bleaching Technology for chemical and mechanical pulps." Carbohydrate Polymers 22, no. 4 (January 1993): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(93)90132-n.

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17

Iwasaki, Makoto. "The state of the art in bleaching technology. VI. Technology on kraft pulp bleaching with hydrogenperoxide and ozone." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 39, no. 2 (1985): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.39.197.

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18

Toyoda, K., J. M. Morange, R. Serfass, and N. J. Wiegart. "Ozone Bleaching. Established Advanced Technology and Know-How of Ozone Generation Applied to Pulp Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.698.

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19

Salkinoja-Salonen, M. S., R. Hakulinen, L. Silakoski, J. Apajalahti, V. Backström, and E. L. Nurmiaho-Lassila. "Fluidized Bed Technology in the Anaerobic Treatment of Forest Industry Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0006.

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The reasons for studying anaerobic fluidised bed technology for the treatment of forest industry wastewaters are twofold: the very large volume enforcing hydraulic loading beyond the limits tolerated by conventional anaerobic techniques and the low nutrient need compared with aerobic methods. In this paper we describe the results obtained for four different pulp mill waste streams: sulfite bleaching and evaporator condensate wastewaters , wastewater from displacement bleaching of kraft pulp and from thermomechanical pulping. We found that all four could be purified anaerobically within a hydraulic detention time of ≤12h and with a treatment efficiency of 3 to 4 kg of CODCr removed m−3 d−1. 80 to 90% of the CODCr of the thermomechanical pulp mill wastewater and evaporator condensate could be removed during anaerobic treatment, yielding ≥0.5m3 of biogas kg−1 CODCr removed. The bleaching wastewaters needed aerobic post-treatment and yielded little or no biogas.
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20

Holloran, M. F., R. F. Willes, M. J. Palmiere, and D. G. Wilson. "Estimating Effluent Toxicity from Molecular-Chlorine-Gas-Free Bleaching in Terms of Toxicity Equivalence." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.035.

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Abstract A procedure for characterizing mill effluent toxicity in terms of toxic equivalence based on pentachlorophenol (pep), resin acids, and fatty acids was developed. The procedure is similar to the classification of dioxin and furan congeners in terms of their 2,3,7,8 TCDD equivalence. The procedure was used to estimate the toxic equivalence of bleaching effluent from molecular-chlorine-gas-free bleaching of hardwood and softwood. Lab scale pulping and bleaching trials were conducted to simulate MCC cooking, oxygen delignification, and D100EpoDnD bleaching of hardwood and softwood to market brightness. The results obtained demonstrated a reduction in AOX, and a far greater reduction in toxic equivalence in combined acid and alkaline filtrates from the molecular-chlorine-gas-free bleaching sequence compared to data from conventional cooking and bleaching processes. Untreated mill effluent is predicted to be non acutely toxic, secondary treated mill effluent is predicted to be non chronically toxic, based on chlorophenolic, resin acid, and fatty acid toxicity equivalence. The value of AOX as a meaningful regulatory parameter for the protection of receiving waters is questioned.
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21

Хакимова (Hakimova), Фирдавес (Firdaves) Харисовна (Harisovna), and Константин (Konstantin) Андреевич (Andreevich) Синяев (Sinyaev). "TOTAL CHLORINE-FREE BLEACHING OF SULFATE HARDWOOD PULP WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019014591.

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The work is devoted to the study of the possibility and feasibility of environmentally safe bleaching of sulfate hardwood pulp by TCF-technology without the use of traditional oxygen and ozone as a delignifying reagent. The TCF-technology of sulphate hardwood pulp bleaching (scheme Pa-EP-Pd-Aac-P-A) was developed with only one oxidizing reagent – hydrogen peroxide. It is proposed to carry out of pulp delignification with hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium conditions, additional delignification and bleaching – with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline medium conditions. Soft oxidizing effect of hydrogen peroxide used at all stages of bleaching provides selectivity of the process along with ecological compatibility of the scheme. The mechanical strength of pulp varies during bleaching in accordance with the change of the degree of delignification and is very moderate, and the total loss of pulp fibers is only 6.1%. Production of hardwood sulfate pulp, as well as sulfite, is associated with difficulties caused by a "harmful" resin at a small proportion of extractives. The proposed scheme of bleaching provides a high degree of resin removal and contributes to the depitching, i.e. decision of very important problems in sulphate hardwood pulp production.
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22

Li, Hua, Xing-li Jiao, and Jin-liang Zhou. "The present status and prospect of research on the de-ironing and bleaching technology of kaolin." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2013): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v2i1.907.

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The increase of degree of whiteness is an important method for Kaolin growth in value. In this paper, the occurrence of iron in kaolin was briefly described, and the methods of the de-ironing and bleaching technology of kaolin were introduced. The characteristics and the existing problems of all kinds of method were analyzed. Some new green environmental protection technology of the de-ironing and bleaching kaolin were introduced.
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23

Henricson, Kaj, and Toru Kobayashi. "MC Ozone Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 48, no. 1 (1994): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.48.133.

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24

Kobayashi, Jiro. "Ozone Bleaching. Large Capacity Ozone Generation System for Ozone Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.705.

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25

Kuzumoto, Masaki. "Ozone Bleaching. Mitsubishi High Concentration Ozone Generator for Pulp Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 5 (1997): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.718.

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26

Hosoya, Shuji. "Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching. Fundamental Reaction Mechanisms of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 52, no. 5 (1998): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.52.595.

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27

Iwasaki, Makoto. "The state of the art in bleaching technology. VII." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 39, no. 3 (1985): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.39.281.

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28

Ohi, Hiroshi. "Technology for Total Chlorine-free Bleaching of Kraft Pulp." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 60, no. 11 (2006): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.60.1659.

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29

SUN, XIANGI, QINGXI HOU, BINGXU ZHANG, and GUANTING ZHAO. "Improving the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of chemimechanical pulp by continuous replenishment of bleaching chemicals." June 2017 16, no. 06 (2017): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.6.331.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is commonly used to bleach chemimechanical pulp. A decrease in the concentrations of the bleaching reagents throughout the bleaching process results in low bleaching efficiencies. In this study, chemical solutions were continuously added into the pulp slurry during the bleaching process to maintain constant concentrations of H2O2 and total alkali in the bleaching system to improve bleaching efficiency. The results showed that when the H2O2 and total alkali concentrations were maintained at 4.5 g/L and 0.79 g/L, respectively, for 50 min, the bleaching efficiency reached 16.79 (Δ% ISO brightness/Δ% H2O2 consumed [on ovendry pulp]), which was significantly higher than 7.38 obtained by using the high-consistency bleaching method. The results confirmed that continuous replenishment of chemical solutions into the bleaching system to maintain the constant chemical concentrations improved the efficiency of H2O2 bleaching of the chemimechanical pulp.
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30

Vidal, G., and M. C. Diez. "Influence of feedstock and bleaching technologies on methanogenic toxicity of kraft mill wastewater." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 6 (September 1, 2003): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0382.

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Chlorine-bleached effluent is problematic for anaerobic wastewater treatment due to its high toxicity against methanogenic bacteria. To date, alternative bleaching processes are being introduced, such as elemental chlorine-free (ECF) and total chlorine-free (TCF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of bleaching technologies and different types of feedstock on methanogenic activity. In order to compare the toxicity of the different bleaching sequences per unit of COD, the 50%-inhibitory concentration (50% IC) for methanogenic bacteria of the different bleaching effluents were compared. The results show that there is no direct relationship between the effluentÕs methanogenic toxicity and the bleaching sequences. Methanogenic toxicity ranged from 0.6 to 2.4 g COD/L.
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31

Fu, Sha, Matthew J. Farrell, Mary A. Ankeny, Edwin T. Turner, and Victoria Rizk. "Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching of Cationized Cotton Fabric." AATCC Journal of Research 6, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.6.5.4.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most commonly used bleaching agent for cotton fabric. However, the conventional H2O2 bleaching formula is not applicable for cationized cotton due to the low whiteness index after bleaching, fabric weakening, and a significant loss of cationic sites. In this work, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was added in the H2O2 bleaching formula to stabilize the bleaching system for cationized cotton. Additionally, a screening experiment with temperature and time, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), H2O2, and MgSO4 concentrations as the factors, and whiteness index, bursting strength, and color strength from dyeing as the responses, was formulated. A statistical model was created using JMP software, which demonstrated how the bleaching conditions influenced the fabric properties. This procedure can be useful for bleaching cationized cotton in production settings.
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32

Sudha, B., H. Veeramani, and S. Sumathi. "Bleaching of bagasse pulp with enzyme pre-treatment." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0565.

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The effluent from pulp bleaching processes containing chlorinated lignin and degraded polyphenolic intermediates remains as a major source of water pollution from the pulp and paper industries. Alternative elemental chlorine free bleaching methods based on the usage of chlorine dioxide, ozone and hydrogen peroxide are potential substitutes. Bio-bleaching methods, which involve pre-treatment of pulp with microbial enzymes such as xylanases, have emerged as viable options. Investigations reported in this paper aim at exploring the suitability of commercial bacterial xylanase enzyme preparations for bio-bleaching of bagasse pulps in conjunction with specific chemical bleach sequences employing hydrogen peroxide (P), alkali extraction (E), ozonation (Z), hypochlorite (H) and chelation (Q) stages. The effluent profiles and pulp qualities obtained for each of the bleach combinations (involving bio-bleaching and chemical bleaching sequences) were monitored. Analysis of the results clearly indicates that the inclusion of enzyme pre-treatment with the TCF (total chlorine free) and ECF (elemental chlorine free) sequences has a significant effect on the effluent (COD, lignin and colour) and pulp quality (kappa number, brightness) parameters. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation indicate the potential promise of enzyme pre-treatment in combination with chemical bleaching to enhance the quality of pulps and combined effluents.
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33

Meuller, Lennart, Solvie Herstad Svärd, Jiri Basta, and Gerd Wäne. "International Bleaching Technology Trends-A Change from Chlorine Bleaching to ECF with a Summary of Environmental Benefits." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 52, no. 4 (1998): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.52.476.

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34

HU, THOMAS Q., CARMEN MARGETTS, KRISTA MORROW, MICHELLE ZHAO, SURJIT JOHAL, and BERNARD YUEN. "Cost-effective brightening of thermomechanical pulp from mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine." January 2011 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.1.25.

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We developed a cost-effective bleaching method for overcoming the brightness ceiling of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) made from mill chips containing predominantly mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine. The method involves synergistic bleaching of the TMP in the refiner with hydrosulfite (Y) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as the chelating agent. The synergistic, in-refiner Y+DTPA bleaching, when followed by post-refiner Y or peroxide bleaching, can provide higher brightness gain or lower bleaching chemical cost for Y- or peroxide-bleached TMP from the mill chips. Estimated cost savings for Y bleaching to 60.0% ISO brightness and peroxide bleaching to 74.3% ISO brightness are USD 5.2/ton pulp and USD 5.2-6.2/ton pulp, respectively.
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35

Осовская (Osovskaia), Ираида (Iraida) Ивановна (Ivanovna), Вероника (Veronika) Сергеевна (. Sergeevna) Антонова (Antonova), Ольга (Ol'ga) Юрьевна (Iur'evna) Деркачева (Derkacheva), and Альбина (Al'bina) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) Авакумова (Avakumova). "IR SPECTRA AND HEATS OF HYDRATION OF THE OZONATED PULP." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018012691.

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Reduce the consumption of chlorine dioxide in the bleaching of pulp is one of the main problems of technology of production of bleached pulp at Russian enterprises. We have developed a modified method of bleaching of sulphate hardwood pulp with a degree of ozonization. The new in work is the identification of the mechanism of ozonation on the structure of cellulose at different stages of the pulp bleaching. To assess structural changes of cellulose in the process of bleaching was used technique for IR spectroscopy. To characterize the hydrophilic properties of the cellulose used a calorimetric method and the method equilibrium sorption.Shown an advantage of using both chlorine dioxide and ozone in the bleaching of sulphate hardwood pulp. The obtained results of physical and chemical research associated with physico-mechanical properties of bleached and unbleached cellulose at different stages of bleaching. Shows the effect of ozonation on the mechanism of interaction of cellulose with bleaching agents. Effective delignification in the joint use of ozone and chlorine dioxide, can reduce the cost of bleaching chemicals. The brightness level corresponds to the world standards. and the content of organochlorine compounds (AOH) decreased by 30%. Reduce the consumption of chlorine dioxide helps to reduce contamination of waste water, reducing the content of organochlorine compounds (AOH).
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36

Nevalainen, J., P. R. Rantala, J. Junna, and R. Lammi. "Activated Sludge Treatment of Kraft Mill Effluents from Conventional and Oxygen Bleaching." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1991): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0499.

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Conventional and oxygen bleaching effluents from hardwood kraft pulp mills were treated in laboratory-scale activated sludge processes. The main interest was the fate of organochlorine compounds in the activated sludge process. In the treatment of conventional bleaching wastewaters the BOD7-reduction was 80-91 % and in oxygen bleaching wastewaters 86-93 %. The respective CODCr removals were about 40 % and about 50 %. The AOX reductions were on average 22 % and 40 % in the treatment of conventional and oxygen bleaching effluents, respectively. The reductions of chlorinated phenols, guajacols and catecols were usually more than 50 % in both reactors. Very little accumulation of AOX into the sludge was observed. The stripping of AOX from aeration unit was insignificant.
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37

Fujiyasu, Koichiro. "Pulp Bleaching with FAS." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 54, no. 2 (2000): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.54.156.

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38

Hayashi, J. "Characterization of Oxygen Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 48, no. 11 (1994): 1397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.48.1397.

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39

Yamamoto, Takuya, Mitsuhiro Mieno, Kouhei Miki, Kazuyosi Takahashi, and Toshio Dairaku. "Medium consistency ozone bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 48, no. 6 (1994): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.48.829.

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40

Hayase, Koji. "Realization of Ozone Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 49, no. 2 (1995): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.49.279.

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41

Lee, Jai-Sung, Woo-Yong Song, Jong-Moon Park, and Soo-Jeong Shin. "Effect on Bleaching Efficiency by Chelating Treatment in Sugarcane Bagasse DEDP Bleaching Process." Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry 47, no. 4 (August 30, 2015): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7584/ktappi.2015.47.4.081.

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42

MATSUMOTO, YUJI. "Innovation of Pulp Bleaching Technology to Minimize the Environmental Impact." Sen'i Gakkaishi 53, no. 12 (1997): P402—P406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.53.12_p402.

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43

Li, Zhi, Yanling Wang, and Zhichao Wang. "Study on Bleaching Technology of Cotton Fabric with Sodium Percarbonate." MATEC Web of Conferences 67 (2016): 06048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166706048.

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44

Ni, Y., A. R. P. van Heiningen, J. Lora, L. Magdzinski, and E. K. Pye. "A Novel Ozone Bleaching Technology for the Alcell® Process." Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 16, no. 4 (January 1996): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773819608545821.

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45

Koshitsuka, Tetsuo. "Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching. New Application of Hydrogen Peroxide in Chemical Pulp Bleaching." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 52, no. 5 (1998): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.52.623.

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46

DE ASSIS, TIAGO, JORDAN PERRIN, HASAN JAMEEL, RICHARD PHILLIPS, DOMINIQUE LACHENAL, ADRIANNA KIRKMAN, and RONALDS GONZALEZ. "Techno-economic analysis of ECF bleaching and TCF bleaching for a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill." October 2017 16, no. 10 (2017): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.10.583.

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An early stage techno-economic analysis was performed to compare a traditional elemental chlorine free (ECF) sequence (O O D0 [EOP] D1 P) with the proposed totally chlorine free (TCF) sequence (O O A [ZEO]1 [ZEO]2 P)] for a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill. Similar operating costs (ECF = US$465/a.d. metric ton; TCF = US$468/a.d. metric ton) and similar internal rate of return (ECF = 16.5%; TCF = 16.4%) were obtained. Although the TCF case has lower revenue with surplus steam, savings with chemicals (e.g., sodium chlorate and methanol) pays for the higher consumption of electricity. Probabilistic analyses were also performed to evaluate the financial risks associated with the variability of chemical costs and electricity price. Probabilistic analyses have shown that the price volatility of sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorate have a significant impact on the probability distribution of internal rate of return (IRR). Despite its promising potential, the new TCF sequence has only been tested in laboratory scale and further scaleup has to be performed to validate the technology. However, the techno-economic economic analysis shows that the proposed TCF technology has promising potential for future industrial application.
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47

Fitamo, Temesgen, Olli Dahl, Emma Master, and Torsten Meyer. "Biochemical methane potential of kraft bleaching effluent and codigestion with other in-mill streams." February 2016 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.2.80.

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A biochemical methane potential assay was conducted to investigate the anaerobic digestibility of bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping and the potential of codigestion with other effluents from an integrated pulp and paper mill. Four in-mill streams were tested individually and in combination: total bleaching effluent, alkaline bleaching effluent, kraft evaporator condensate, and chemithermomechanical pulping effluent. The total bleaching effluent, consisting of the chlorine dioxide bleaching and alkaline bleaching effluents, exhibited the highest potential for organic matter degradation and methane generation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ranged from 57%–76%, and methane generation was 220–280 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater, depending on the degree of dilution. When codigestion was tested, the composite consisting of total bleaching effluent, chemithermomechanical pulping effluent, and kraft condensate was most efficient in terms of COD removal (51%) and methane generation (200 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater). The total bleaching effluent is the largest contributor to the overall amount of wastewater at this mill; it contains relatively low concentrations of anaerobic inhibitors such as adsorbable organic halogens (36 mg/L), total sulfur (170 mg/L), and resin and fatty acids (3.2 mg/L). Therefore, the total bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping may be considered for full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment, either as a singular stream or as part of a composite stream including other in-mill effluents.
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48

Chen, Shaoxu, Zhichao Ma, Jiang Liu, Jingjing Yang, Yongjun Yin, and Lei Zhan. "A Method to Reduce Steam Consumption of ECF Bleaching Based on Operation Optimizing." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060928.

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Development of paper industry has been restricted by resources, energy and environment deeply; further reducing energy consumption becomes an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the calculating model of steam consumption in bleaching process is established under the premise of ensuring product quality and controlling bleaching cost. Then, an optimization model for minimizing steam consumption is constructed. Compared with before optimization, the steam consumption of the optimized bleaching system reduced by 19.48% (0.5014 t/adt) at a loss of 0.11% brightness (0.1 ISO%) and 5.17% viscosity (33 mL/g). The amount of chemicals should be increased to ensure the quality of the pulp while decreasing the bleaching temperature to reduce steam consumption, the cost of bleaching pulp has decreased by 1.62% (3.19 USD/adt) after optimization. The verification experiments showed all the pulp quality indices can meet the requirements of bleached pulp.
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Müller, Emily M. K., Ute Henniges, and Irene Brückle. "Retreatment of a Print Damaged by Excessive Sodium Borohydride Bleaching." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 40, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2019-0001.

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Abstract An etching that was visibly damaged as a result of previous bleaching with a 5.6 % aqueous sodium borohydride solution underwent retreatment involving washing to stabilize the embrittled paper and to remove potentially present bleaching residues. During a final immersion in a dilute calcium hydrogen carbonate solution administered for deacidification, an unexpected and severe blistering occurred that is explained as a recurrence of previous bleaching-related blistering. The blisters were laid down. The treatment concluded with a consolidation of the bleach-damaged paper surface using a 0.5 % gelatine solution applied by misting.
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50

Kojima, Yasuo, Kiyoshi Miura, Minoru Terasawa, Hiroshi Okuyama, and Tsutomu Yokoyama. "New Bleaching Method for KP with Permanganate. (II). Permanganate Bleaching under Neutral Condition." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 50, no. 7 (1996): 1028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.50.1028.

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