Journal articles: 'Blast Resistant Steel'

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Yao, Wenjin, Weiwei Sun, Ze Shi, Bingcheng Chen, Le Chen, and Jun Feng. "Blast-Resistant Performance of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) Panels Subjected to Contact Detonation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010241.

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This paper experimentally investigates the blast-resistant characteristics of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) panels by contact detonation tests. The control specimen of plain concrete, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete were prepared and tested for characterization in contrast with PP-Steel HFRC and PVA-Steel HFRC. The sequent contact detonation tests were conducted with panel damage recorded and measured. Damaged HFRC panels were further comparatively analyzed whereby the blast-resistance performance was quantitively assessed via damage coefficient and blast-resistant coefficient. For both PP-Steel and PVA-Steel HFRC, the best blast-resistant performance was achieved at around 1.5% steel + 0.5% PP-fiber hybrid. Finally, the fiber-hybrid effect index was introduced to evaluate the hybrid effect on the explosion-resistance performance of HFRC panels. It revealed that neither PP-fiber or PVA-fiber provide positive hybrid effect on blast-resistant improvement of HFRC panels.

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Krauthammer, Theodor. "Blast-resistant structural concrete and steel connections." International Journal of Impact Engineering 22, no. 9-10 (October 1999): 887–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(99)00009-3.

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Bruneau, Michel, Samer El-Bahey, Shuichi Fujikura, and David Keller. "Structural fuses and concrete-filled steel shapes for seismic and multi-hazard resistant design." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 44, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.1.45-52.

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Bridges are built in a variety of locations, many of which are susceptible to multiple extreme hazards (earthquakes, vehicle collisions, tsunamis or storm surges, and blasts as a minimum for some locations). In addition, they must be built to achieve the objectives of both accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and rapid return to service following a disaster. Meeting some or all of these demands/objectives drives the development of innovative multi-hazard design concepts. This paper presents recent research on structural fuses and concrete-filled steel shapes strategies developed for this purpose. The structural fuse concept considered here for seismic resistance was developed and experimentally validated for implementation in a composite multi-column pier using double composite rectangular columns of Bi-Steel panels. Experimental results from another series of tests on the blast resistance of concrete-filled-steel-tubes support the blast resistance of the concept. In parallel, the development and design of a conceptual multi-hazard resistant steel plate shear wall box pier concept considered each of the four aforementioned hazards by use of simplified analyses for design, and of advanced nonlinear finite element analyses to confirm that the proposed steel plate shear wall box system provides adequate ductile performance and strength for each of the hazards.

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Rutner, Marcus P., Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, and Jin Son. "Blast Resistant Performance of Steel and Composite Bridge Piers." IABSE Symposium Report 92, no. 7 (January 1, 2006): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137806796185346.

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Koh, C. G., K. K. Ang, and P. F. Chan. "Dynamic Analysis of Shell Structures with Application to Blast Resistant Doors." Shock and Vibration 10, no. 4 (2003): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/357969.

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This paper concerns the dynamic analysis of shell structures, with emphasis on application to steel and steel-concrete composite blast resistant doors. In view of the short duration and impulsive nature of the blast loading, an explicit integration method is adopted. This approach avoids time-consuming computations of structural stiffness matrix and solving of simultaneous nonlinear equations. Single-point quadrature shell elements are used, with numerical control to suppress spurious hourglass modes. Composite shells are handled by an appropriate integration rule across the thickness. Both material and geometric nonlinearities are accounted for in the formulation. Contact and gap problems are considered using bilinear spring elements in the finite element analysis. Numerical examples are presented for some benchmark problems and application study to blast resistant doors. Good correlation is generally obtained between the numerical results based on the software developed and the results obtained by other means including field blast tests.

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Wei, Ming Shan, Jin Ji Feng, Hai Cao, and Ya Qi Ye. "Test Study on Support Span of Sheet Sandwich Structure of Steel Fiber Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1386.

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The layer structure is a common structural form in the civil air defence. According to the shortage of the structure, a new type of structural form called steel fiber sheet sandwich structure is setup. For studying the influence caused by the support span of this structural form on structural blast-resistant ability, this paper has carried out a group of explosion model tests, which studies the optimal support span of this structure form and the influence on the failure characteristics of structure induced by the change of the support span. The test results show that: the support span of the steel fiber sheet is a very important factor for improving the whole structural blast-resistant ability; the thickness and support span of Steel fiber sheet shall make the steel fiber sheet not to reach the roof surface under the loads of explosion; the whole resistance of sheet sandwich structure in the tests is obviously higher than that of ordinary layer structure.

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Chen, Le, Weiwei Sun, Bingcheng Chen, Sen Xu, Jianguo Liang, Chufan Ding, and Jun Feng. "A Comparative Study on Blast-Resistant Performance of Steel and PVA Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Analyses." Crystals 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080707.

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This paper deals with the blast-resistant performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-reinforced concrete (PVA-FRC) panels with a contact detonation test both experimentally and numerically. With 2% fiber volumetric content, SFRC and PVA-FRC specimens were prepared and comparatively tested in comparison with plain concrete (PC). SFRC was found to exhibit better blast-resistant performance than PVA-FRC. The dynamic mechanical responses of FRC panels were numerically studied with Lattice Discrete Particle Model-Fiber (LDPM-F) which was recently developed to simulate the meso-structure of quasi-brittle materials. The effect of dispersed fibers was also introduced in this discrete model as a natural extension. Calibration of LDPM-F model parameters was achieved by fitting the compression and bending responses. A numerical model of FRC contact detonation was then validated against the blast test results in terms of damage modes and crater dimensions. Finally, FRC panels with different fiber volumetric fractions (e.g., 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) under blast loadings were further investigated with the validated LDPM-F blast model. The numerical predictions shed some light on the fiber content effect on the FRC blast resistance performance.

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Salomoni, V. A., G. Mazzucco, G. Xotta, R. Fincato, C. E. Majorana, and M. Schiavon. "Nonlinear Modelling, Design, and Test of Steel Blast-Resistant Doors." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 5 (January 2013): 908373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/908373.

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Monir, Habib Saeed. "Flexible blast resistant steel structures by using unidirectional passive dampers." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 90 (November 2013): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.025.

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Yu, Xinghua, Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, John C. Lippold, Hidenori Terasaki, and Yu-ichi Komizo. "In-Situ Observations of Martensitic Transformation in Blast-Resistant Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 43, no. 5 (June 8, 2011): 1538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0746-4.

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11

Hanifehzadeh, Mohammad, Hadi Aryan, Bora Gencturk, and Dovlet Akyniyazov. "Structural Response of Steel Jacket-UHPC Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Columns under Blast Loading." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061521.

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The lateral capacity of exterior concrete columns subjected to a blast load is the key factor in the building collapse probability. Due to potentially severe consequences of the collapse, efforts have been made to improve the blast resistance of existing structures. One of the successful approaches is the use of ultra-high-performance-concrete (UHPC) jacketing for retrofitting a building’s columns. The columns on the first floor of a building normally have higher slenderness due to the higher first story. Since an explosion is more likely to take place at the ground level, retrofitting the columns of the lower floors is crucial to improve a building’s blast resistance. Casting a UHPC tube around a circular RC column can increase the moment of inertia of the column and improve the flexural strength. In this study, a retrofitting system consisting of a UHPC layer enclosed by a thin steel jacket is proposed to improve the blast resistance of buildings in service. Most of the previous research is focused on design aspects of blast-resistant columns and retrofitting systems are mostly based on fiber reinforced polymers or steel jackets. A validated FE model is used to investigate the effectiveness of this method. The results showed significant improvement both at the component and building system levels against combined gravity and blast loading.

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Kim, Jung Joong, and Hyuk-Chun Noh. "Design Optimization of Blast Resistant CFRP-steel Composite Structure Based on Reliability Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11004/kosacs.2012.3.4.010.

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13

Li, Yongqing, Changhai Chen, Hailiang Hou, Yuansheng Cheng, Haopeng Gao, Pan Zhang, and Ting Liu. "The Influence of Spraying Strategy on the Dynamic Response of Polyurea-Coated Metal Plates to Localized Air Blast Loading: Experimental Investigations." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111888.

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Polyurea has attracted considerable attention owing to its potential applications in protective fields to improve the resistant performance of structures subjected to damage loads resulting from intentional or accidental explosions. However, different spraying strategies of polyurea may lead to significant differences in overall resistance performance of polyurea-coated structures, and the underlying mechanisms have not been clear until now. This study aims to elucidate the influence of spraying strategy, i.e., spraying area, spraying thickness, and spraying interface condition, on the dynamic response of polyurea-coated steel plates under localized air blast loading. Three types of plates manufactured using different spraying strategies were adopted to evaluate their blast-resistant performance. The spraying strategies used were (i) whole-area spraying, (ii) partial-area spraying, and (iii) in-contact backing of polyurea on the rear surfaces of steel plates. In addition, the influence of spraying thickness of polyurea for whole-area sprayed plates was evaluated. The energy absorbing mechanisms of polyurea backing layers were highlighted. The energy absorption of plates was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the air blast resistances of whole-area sprayed and in-contact backed plates are both superior to, whereas that of partial-area sprayed plates is inferior to, bare steel counterparts. A suitable spraying thickness of polyurea can significantly reduce the damage of the front steel layer, whereas excessive spraying thickness decreases the overall air blast resistance of plates. The polyurea backing layer exhibits favorable performance in absorbing energy under a whole-area spraying condition. This study provides useful guidance for the design of polyurea-coated metal plates in engineering applications.

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Yang, Run Lin, and Hai Guo. "Experimental Study on Blast Resistant Structure with Composite Protection Layer." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2866.

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Since the terrorist attacks have increased over the world in recent years, blast-resistant protection of building structures has received considerable attention. The rigid and flexible composite protection layer as a new protection measure was examined through the method of experimental tests in this paper. Two sealed steel boxes were selected for the testing, one with the rigid and flexible composite layer, while the other without any protection. The rubber was selected as the flexible material while the steel plate is selected as the rigid material. The effectiveness of the composite layer under different explosive loadings was investigated. By comparing the structural strains, the experimental results show that the rigid and flexible layer can suppress the structural dynamic response obviously, and the blast-resistant effect of the composite layer will be increased further with increase of explosive charge.

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15

Wang, Jinghai, Wanxiang Chen, Zhikun Guo, and Wenguang Liang. "Dynamic Responses of RPC-Filled Steel Tubular Columns Post Fire Under Blast Loading." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (May 25, 2016): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010236.

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Blast-resistant capacities of 4 large scale circular Reactive Powder Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (RPC-FST) columns after exposure to fire are experimentally examined. The overpressures of shock wave, the deflections and strains of RPC-FST column specimens are recorded by advanced gauges. The influences of fire durations and scaled standoff distances of explosive charge on the dynamic behaviors and failure modes are discussed. It is shown that the RPC-FST columns remain excellent blast-resistant capacities after exposure to fire. RPC core column can be effectively confined by steel tube, but the blast-resistant capacities of RPC-FST columns are decreased as explosive charge or fire duration increased. The failure modes are transited from bending types to bending-shear types as explosive charge increased, and an obvious plastic hinge at mid-span section can be observed in the RPC-FST column with fire duration of 105min. It is also indicated that the maximum displacements of RPC-FST columns are more sensitive to fire duration than to explosive charge weight.

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Al-Rifaie, Hasan, and Wojciech Sumelka. "Improving the Blast Resistance of Large Steel Gates—Numerical Study." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2020): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092121.

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Blast resistant gates/doors are essential for sensitive infrastructure, such as embassies, ministries, or parliaments. Lightweight gates equipped with ‘energy absorbing systems’ have better operational performance than the traditional costly and bulky design. Graded auxetic structures have not yet been used as potential passive damping systems in the supporting frame of blast resistant gates. Consequently, this study tries to test if a uniaxial graded auxetic damper (UGAD) proposed by the authors in a recent article, namely the development of a new shock absorbing UGAD, could maintain a 3000 mm × 4500 mm steel gate operable after high blast peak reflected overpressure of 6.6 MPa, from 100 kg TNT at 5 m stand-off distance. The blast-induced response of the gate was assessed, with and without the proposed UGAD, using Abaqus/Explicit solver. Results showed that the attachment of the proposed UGAD to the gate led to a dramatic decrease in permanent deformations (a critical factor for gate operability after a blast event). Hence, a lighter, more economical gate (with 50% reduction in mass) was required to satisfy the operability condition. In addition, 49% of peak reaction forces were diminished, that have a direct impact on the supporting frame. Moreover, the results revealed that, in the numerical model, 56% of the achieved plastic dissipation energy was from the UGADs, and 44% from the gate. The outcomes of this research may have a positive impact on other sectors beyond academia, such as industry, economy, and public safety.

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Zhang, Xihong, Hong Hao, Minghong Li, Zhouhong Zong, and Jack W. Bruechert. "The blast resistant performance of concrete-filled steel-tube segmental columns." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 168 (May 2020): 105997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.105997.

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Caron, Jeremy L., Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, and John C. Lippold. "Weldability Evaluation of a Cu-Bearing High-Strength Blast-Resistant Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 42, no. 13 (October 19, 2011): 4032–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0951-1.

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Mander, Thomas J., and Zachery I. Smith. "Composite Steel Stud Blast Panel Design and Experimental Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.479.

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Based on Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) requirements, project specific blast loads are determined for the design of a new airport traffic control tower. These blast loads must be resisted by exterior wall panels on the control tower, protecting building occupants from intentional explosives attack scenarios. Such blast resistant walls are typically constructed of thick reinforced concrete panels or composite steel plate and rolled sections, as conventional building cladding systems have relatively low blast resistance. While these more robust design approaches are valid, the additional cladding mass they represent will significantly increase the base shear and overturning demand in seismic zones. This paper investigates the use of a light structural system comprised of a steel stud wall assembly partially embedded in a thin layer of concrete to obtain composite action. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are also included to increase the blast resistance and aid in keeping the panel weight to a minimum. Two full-scale composite steel stud walls are designed, constructed, and tested dynamically in the BakerRisk shock tube. The stud walls consist of back-to-back 150 mm deep, 14 gauge (1.8 mm thick), cold-formed steel studs spaced at 610 mm on center. Both specimens have a 50 mm thick normal weight concrete layer, reinforced with welded wire mesh that is welded to the stud compression flanges to achieve composite action. Two layers of Tyfo® SEH-51A fiber reinforced composites are used on the tension flange of the steel studs. A single layer of Tyfo® SEH-51A composites is used on the tension face of the concrete layer between the studs for one of the specimens. Web stiffeners are used at the bearing support to prevent premature web crippling shear failure of the specimens. The stud walls are analyzed using single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models. A non-linear moment-curvature relationship, accounting for actual material constitutive properties, is used for determining the resistance function of the walls. Blast pressure and impulse data from the shock tube tests is used to compare analytical predictions to the measured displacement-time response. Analytical predictions of panel response for both tests are within ten percent of the observed response based on displacement.

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Meng, Gang, Kai Feng Zhang, Shi Ran Zhao, Meng Xue Ouyang, and Xiang Li. "Researcher Progress of Steel Slag Cascade Utilization in Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 629-630 (October 2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.629-630.293.

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This paper studied the cascade use of industrial waste slag as the cementitious material, the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate, assisted by XRD, SEM and other microscopic test methods. The results that the system had the best volume stability when the steel slag addition of 40%. When the cement mortar prepared by 10% steel slag fine aggregate, and mixed with 20% steel slag powder and 20% blast furnace slag powder, the mortar construction performance and shrink resistant performance is excellent. On the basis of concrete double mixing 25% steel slag aggregate and 30% steel slag powder, compound mixing 20% blast furnace slag powder, the durable properties of concrete are also excellent.

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Pan, Lu, Li Chen, Qin Fang, Chaochen Zhai, and Teng Pan. "A modified layered-section method for responses of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams under static and blast loads." International Journal of Protective Structures 7, no. 4 (July 31, 2016): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419616658384.

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Reinforced concrete structures are currently under the threat of both fire and blast. The absence of theoretical methods demonstrates a drawback in the assessment of blast-resistant structures after exposure to fire. A modified layered-section method was developed in this article, which was not only able to determine the complete static resistance–deflection curves of fire-damaged reinforced concrete beams but also able to predict the responses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to blast after fire exposure. The high-temperature effects and the strain-rate effects were included in the concrete and steel material models in the proposed method. A corresponding calculation program FBBA was also compiled based on the explicit Newmark algorithm on the platform of Maple software. The developed method and program were validated by the existing test results. Analytical results showed that after fire exposure, the reinforced concrete beams show significant degradation in the residual bearing capacity, but increase in the ductility. The higher the steel reinforcement ratio, the more degradation the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams after fire exposure suffers. The blast resistance of the fired reinforced concrete beams was underestimated without considering the strain-rate effects or just considering the average strain-rate effects.

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Kim, Sungkon, and Jungwhee Lee. "Blast resistant performance of bolt connections in the earth covered steel magazine." International Journal of Steel Structures 15, no. 2 (June 2015): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-015-6019-0.

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Kasina, Monika, Piotr R. Kowalski, and Marek Michalik. "Mineral carbonation of metallurgical slags." Mineralogia 45, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2015-0002.

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Abstract Due to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere number of methods are being proposed to mitigate the risk of climate change. One of them is mineral carbonation. Blast furnace and steel making slags are co-products of metallurgical processes composed of minerals which represent appropriate source of cations required for mineral carbonation. Experimental studies were performed to determine the potential use of slags in this process. Obtained results indicate that steel making slag can be a useful material in CO2 capture procedures. Slag components dissolved in water are bonded as stable carbonates in the reaction with CO2 from ambient air. In case of blast furnace slag, the reaction is very slow and minerals are resistant to chemical changes. More time is needed for minerals dissolution and release of cations essential for carbonate crystallisation and thus makes blast furnace slags less favourable in comparison with steel making slag.

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Wei, Ji Feng, Guo Shan Yang, Yuan Li, and Shu Shan Wang. "Numerical Analysis on Steel-Kevlar-Steel Sandwich Structure under Contact Explosion." Advanced Materials Research 681 (April 2013): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.681.281.

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The damage characteristics of the steel-Kevlar-steel structure are studied by nonlinear dynamics software. The whole destruction process of the sandwich structure is simulated. Moreover, the transmission and reflection of the shock wave in the structure are analyzed. It shows that the damage zone of the structure is just under the explosive. It is significantly different from the damage under non-contact explosion. The composite material has an effect on the spread of the shock wave, and effectively reduces the peak pressure. The sandwich structure has a good anti-impact performance. The results help to design and assess blast-resistant structures under contact explosion.

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Han, Dong Yeop, Min Cheol Han, Seong Hwan Yang, and Cheon Goo Han. "Economic Aspect of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composite." Advanced Materials Research 1129 (November 2015): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1129.249.

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The aim of this presentation is to recommend an economical technique for preparing fiber-reinforced mortar for blast resistant structures using polymer fibers. Fiber-reinforced concrete was developed to improve ductility by preventing micro-cracking. It is also used to strengthen blast resistant structures, and to prevent spalling under the fire conditions. Because of the better mechanical properties and bonding performance, metal fiber is mainly used for the blast resistant structure. However, because of the high cost of the fiber, the cost of the reinforced cementitious composite is higher than normal concrete. This is especially true for short steel fiber where its high cost has to be weighed against its outstanding performance. As a solution, a more economical substitute can be found in polymer fibers of nylon and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, which cut costs without a significant decrease in performance. In this study, for fiber-reinforced mortar, each fiber and combination of fibers incorporated made up 1% to the total volume of the mortar. For fresh state properties, although the mortar contained combined fibers, there was no significant decrease in flow and air content. As the polymer fibers were combined with steel fibers, approximately 35% of tensile strength and 12% of flexural strength decreased. However, from the strain-stress relationship, the fiber-reinforced mortar with combined fibers showed more favorable results than single steel fiber. The results of this study are expected to contribute on the economic approach of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites using combined fibers.

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Du, Hao, and Chun Hua Liu. "Study on Dynamic Responses and Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Blast Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.315.

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The terrorism and regional conflicts posed a threat to the world peace. Some terrorist explosions caused collapse of the buildings, which brought heavy tragedies to the human components. Therefore research on damage of structural components and resistance to damage have become the focus of our attention. Finite element software LS-DYNA was applied to simulating the response of reinforced concrete columns under blast loading. And analysis on dynamic response under different loading period was carried out. By studying on the stress and strain of reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loading, the possible failure modes were obtained. In addition, the bearing capacities of concrete columns that are reinforced with carbon fiber and steel panel were analyzed, and the reinforcement effects were compared to provide reasonable reinforcement schemes for structures blast-resistant design.

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Wu, Sai, Jun Hai Zhao, and Er Gang Xiong. "Finite Element Analysis on the Blast Resistant Performance of Multibarrel Tube-Confined Concrete Column in Different Cross-Sections." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.545.

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Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, this paper numerically analyzed the dynamic performance of MTCCCs with different cross sections under blast load, followed by the study and comparison on the differences of the detonation wave propagation and failure modes between the columns in circular cross section and square cross section. The results show: The blast resistant performance of the circular component is more superior than the square component for its better aerodynamic shape that can greatly reduce the impact of the detonation wave on the column; The main difference of the failure modes between the circular and square cross-sectional components under blast load lies in the different failure mode of the outer steel tube. The simulation results in this paper can provide some references for the blast resisting design of MTCCCs.

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Caron, Jeremy L., Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, and John C. Lippold. "Welding-Induced Microstructure Evolution of a Cu-Bearing High-Strength Blast-Resistant Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 42, no. 13 (September 15, 2011): 4015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-0801-1.

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Shin, Hyunseop, Wonwoo Kim, Seongwook Kim, and Jaehum Moon. "Design Sensitivity Analysis of a Steel-concrete Double-leaf Blast-resistant Door to Determine the Steel Ratio." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 19, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2019.19.4.165.

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Bell, Joel, Yi Xia Zhang, Khin Soe, and Phillip Hermes. "High Velocity Impact Behaviour of Hybrid-Fiber Engineered Cementitious Composite Panels." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.563.

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High-velocity impact behaviour of hybrid-fibre engineered cementitious composite (ECC) panels subjected to an impact from a hardened steel, ogive-nosed projectile at velocities between 300-700 m/s is investigated and reported in this paper. The new ECC mix contains a proportion of 0.75% volume high-modulus steel fibres and 1.25% volume low modulus polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) fibres. The mix is designed to achieve a desired balance between the strain hardening behaviour and impact resistance of material required for impact and blast resistant structures. The new hybrid-fibre ECC demonstrates its excellent capability for impact resistance and strong potential as a protective material with reduced impact damage and distributed micro cracking.

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Shin, Hyunseop, Sungwook Kim, Jaeheum Moon, and Wonwoo Kim. "Finite Element Analysis of Structural Behavior of Sliding-Type Blast-Resistant Doors Based on Blast Loading Conditions." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.139.

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In current specifications, it is assumed that the structural performance is the same if the same deflection occurs, regardless of the structural characteristics or explosive conditions. However, depending on the structural characteristics and explosion conditions, structural responses may differ. Therefore, flexural deflection and shear need to be considered. In this study, the differences in the structural behaviors of steel-concrete sliding-type blast doors in the impulsive, dynamic, and quasi-static regions were analyzed using the finite element method. The results showed that in the impulsive region and under significant impact forces, shear failure occurred at the initial behavioral step, and the door was more vulnerable to shear than in the dynamic and quasi-static regions. Furthermore, in the impulsive region, a relatively large deformation occurred in the wheel installed on the lower part of the door, affecting functionality, such as opening and closing. Because combined flexural-shear and direct shear failures cause more damage than flexural failure, they must be considered during the design process, and further studies are required to develop a generalized evaluation method and design criteria to reflect the shear effect.

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Pan, Huang Hsing, Jen Po Peng, Yuh Shiou Tai, and Chao Shun Chang. "Static-Dynamic Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete with Blast Furnace Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.100.

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Reactive powder concrete (RPC) containing blast furnace slag prepared for hydraulic structure with a designed strength of 150 MPa is examined. We first investigate mixture proportions of RPC to fit the strength requirement, and then, concentrate on the material with 50% replacement of silica fume by blast furnace slag to study seismic resistant properties. Results indicate that curing process and steel fiber can enhance the compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength and fracture toughness. With 210°C curing, flexural strength of RPC containing 2% steel fibers reaches 91 MPa, almost three times without the fibers. Meanwhile, the shear strength is 47.8 MPa. Dynamic stress-strain curves determined by SHPB test display that the compressive strength of RPC increases with increasing applied strain rate. Applied strain rate dominates the stress-strain behavior and fracture energy of RPC. Toughness index of RPC is improved powerfully by adding a few steel fibers. The fracture toughness of RPC with 50% slag replacement comes to 1.08 MPa·m1/2, and reaches 2.67 MPa·m1/2 as 2% steel fibers are added.

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Drdlová, Martina, Oldřich Sviták, Petr Bibora, Miloslav Popovič, and René Čechmánek. "Blast Resistance of Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete with Waste Steel Fibres from Tires." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901060.

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The utilization of waste steel fibres (coming from the recycling process of the old tires) in production of blast resistant cement based panels was assessed. Waste fibres were incorporated in slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), which is a special type of ultra-highperformance fibre reinforced concrete with high fibre content. The technological feasibility (i.e. suitability of the waste fibres for SIFCON technology) was assessed using homogeneity test. Test specimens were prepared with three volume fractions (5; 7.5 and 10 % by vol.) of waste unclassified fibres. SIFCON with industrial steel fibres (10% by vol.) and ultra-highperformance fibre concrete with industrial fibres were also cast and tested for comparison purposes. Quasi-static mechanical properties were determined. Real blast tests were performed on the slab specimens (500x500x40 mm) according to the modified methodology M-T0-VTU0 10/09. Damage of the slab, the change of the ultrasound wave velocity propagation in the slab specimen before and after the blast load in certain measurement points, the weight of fragments and their damage potential were evaluated and compared. Realized tests confirmed the possibility of using the waste fibres for SIFCON technology. The obtained results indicate, that the usage of waste fibres does not significantly reduce the values of SIFCON flexural and compressive strength at quasi-static load - the values were comparable to the specimens with industrially produced fibres. With increasing fibre content, the mechanical parameters are increasing as well. Using of the waste fibres reduces fragmentation of SIFCON at blast load due to the fibre size parameters. Using of low diameter fibres means more fibres in the matrix and thus better homogeneity of the whole composite with less unreinforced areas. Regarding the blast tests, the specimen with waste steel fibres showed the best resistance and outperformed also the specimen with commercial fibres. Using of waste fibres in SIFCON technology can reduce the price of this composite by 70 % by keeping the original SIFCON extraordinary properties, which makes it very competitive material in the concrete area.

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Rahman, Shaikh Atikur, Zubair Imam Syed, John V. Kurian, and M. S. Liew. "Structural Response of Offshore Blast Walls under Accidental Explosion." Advanced Materials Research 1043 (October 2014): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.278.

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Adequate blast resistant barriers are requisite to protect personnel and critical systems from the consequences of an accidental explosion and subsequent fire. Many of the blast walls currently installed in offshore structures were designed using simplified calculation approaches like Single Degree of Freedom models (SDOF) as recommended in many design guidelines. Over simplified and idealised explosion load used for response calculation and design of blast wall can lead to inadequate or overdesign of offshore blast walls. Due to lack of presence of a well-accepted design guidelines supported by extensive study, the protection provided by the conventional blast walls for offshore structures can be inadequate. In-depth understanding of structural response of blast walls under different blast loading can provide better design practice of blast walls for adequate protection. In this study, structural responses of conventional offshore blast walls were investigated. A computation fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was used to predict effect of different explosions on the barrier walls and non-linear finite elements analyses were performed to study the behaviour of the blast-loaded walls under different explosions. Effect of different parameters related to blast wall and accidental explosions were investigated to gain detail understanding of structural behaviour of typical steel blast wall.

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Qi, Chang, Shu Yang, Li-Jun Yang, Shou-Hong Han, and Zhen-Hua Lu. "Dynamic Response and Optimal Design of Curved Metallic Sandwich Panels under Blast Loading." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/853681.

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It is important to understand the effect of curvature on the blast response of curved structures so as to seek the optimal configurations of such structures with improved blast resistance. In this study, the dynamic response and protective performance of a type of curved metallic sandwich panel subjected to air blast loading were examined using LS-DYNA. The numerical methods were validated using experimental data in the literature. The curved panel consisted of an aluminum alloy outer face and a rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) steel inner face in addition to a closed-cell aluminum foam core. The results showed that the configuration of a “soft” outer face and a “hard” inner face worked well for the curved sandwich panel against air blast loading in terms of maximum deflection (MaxD) and energy absorption. The panel curvature was found to have a monotonic effect on the specific energy absorption (SEA) and a nonmonotonic effect on the MaxD of the panel. Based on artificial neural network (ANN) metamodels, multiobjective optimization designs of the panel were carried out. The optimization results revealed the trade-off relationships between the blast-resistant and the lightweight objectives and showed the great use of Pareto front in such design circumstances.

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Fujikura, Shuichi, and Michel Bruneau. "Dynamic Analysis of Multihazard-Resistant Bridge Piers Having Concrete-Filled Steel Tube under Blast Loading." Journal of Bridge Engineering 17, no. 2 (March 2012): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000270.

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Fujikura, Shuichi, Michel Bruneau, and Diego Lopez-Garcia. "Experimental Investigation of Multihazard Resistant Bridge Piers Having Concrete-Filled Steel Tube under Blast Loading." Journal of Bridge Engineering 13, no. 6 (November 2008): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2008)13:6(586).

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Yu, Xinghua, Jeremy L. Caron, S. S. Babu, John C. Lippold, Dieter Isheim, and David N. Seidman. "Characterization of microstructural strengthening in the heat-affected zone of a blast-resistant naval steel." Acta Materialia 58, no. 17 (October 2010): 5596–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.031.

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Gao, Fu Yin, Yuan Long, Chong Ji, and Chang Xiao Zhang. "Research on Dynamic Response of Q235 Steel Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Lateral Explosion Loading." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.864.

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Experimental researches were presented on dynamic characteristics of Q235 steel cylindrical shell impacted-explosive laterally by 75g cylindrical TNT dynamite at the center．The dynamic response was obtained under different distances with different setting ways of explosive sources．By means of an explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element computer code LS-DYNA，the nonlinear dynamic response process of cylindrical shell subjected to laterally explosion loading were numerically simulated with ALE coupling method. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data. The results provided important reference for the blast-resistant properties analysis and safety assessment of oil-gas pipes safety.

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Тарасов, Вячеслав Кирилович, Владислав Ростиславович Румянцев, Оксана Володимирівна Новокщонова, and Інна Олександрівна Ткаліч. "РОЗРОБКА ЗАХОДІВ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ УМОВ ПРАЦІ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ЧАВУНУ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 121, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.2.8.

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The article explores the causes of working environment pollution and identifies the sources of harmful and dangerous emissions in pig iron production, along with searching for rational measures to improve the blast furnace cast house aspiration system efficiency to remove toxic gases, dust and exhaust heat. A mathematical modeling methodology for transfer process of molten iron and slag from the blast furnace to the ladle has been employed. The best practice from Zaporizhstal Steel Works on a new aspiration system at blast furnace casting yard laid the basis for the research. An aerodynamic calculation method was used to detect deficiencies in the aspiration system. Statistical method to validate the results obtained was used for constructing of graphs and nomograms. The major causes of inefficiency of the current system of covering iron and slag troughs of a blast furnace casting yard have been revealed, in particular the bypass channel for slag from the main drain trough for molten iron and high local resistance losses on iron and slag distribution (the skimmers). Total and local resistance losses in various areas of drain gutters and aspiration systems have been calculated along with estimating the locations for additional exhaust hood installation, i.e. the special zones for skimmers, the main, transfer and bypass troughs for cast iron and slag. It is proved that by increasing the aspiration efficiency contamination of the working area is reduced, thus improving labour conditions significantly. It is proposed to use modern heat-resistant concrete troughs with higher resistance and longer life service. The proposed modification of trough slabs will facilitate their replacement when carrying out repair works on trough lining and cleaning. An aspiration system model for a typical blast furnace cast house has been developed and explored. The areas and reasons behind the loss of resistance in the exhaust system of hood covering for molten iron and slag troughs are identified. Recommendations to enhance the system efficiency to reduce contamination of the working environment and improve working conditions have been suggested.

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van der Wal, Rogier, Erik Carton, and Frits Hilvers. "The performance of armour steels with pre-layers against fragment simulating projectiles." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818304015.

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Armour steels have proven to be promising solutions for protection against fragments from threat weapons. The area to cover for ship bulkheads is usually large, so cost of the raw material is an important driver. For new ships, additional mass can be compensated for in the design. Past research by TNO and other workers has shown that the ballistic limit V50 of armour steels against fragments is increased significantly by adding a front or pre-layer. This layer can be a variety of materials ranging from cardboard to glass. In TNO’s Laboratory for Ballistics Research a test program was conducted to study the effect of high pressure laminate, polymer and fire insulation pre-layers at the V50 and well above the ballistic limit. The high velocities are typically associated with fragments from relevant threats for warships. Fragment simulating projectiles were fired on armour steel plates of varying type and thickness with these pre-layers and measured the residual velocity and resulting hole sizes. The tests resulted in clear dependencies of the residual velocity as a function of impact velocity and pre-layer (type and thickness). Analysis of the data showed that there are several counteracting effects interacting when a pre-layer is applied to armour steel. The failure mechanism of the steel as well as the hardness and thickness of the pre-layer seem to influence the outcome of this interaction and hence the response of the steel to various pre-layers. The results of this research will be used in the design of fragment and blast resistant bulkheads for future naval ships.

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Alzahawy, Zainab Hussam, and Laith Khaled AL-Hadithy. "Monotonic and Fatigue Performance of Double-skin Push-out and Tensile Segments of Divers Shear Connectors – Review." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 22, no. 3 (October 26, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.22030213.

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Double skin composite (DSC) construction or Steel/concrete/steel sandwich construction (SCSS) is an innovative and relatively new form of composite construction that can be used in submerged tube tunnels, bridges deck, nuclear structures, liquid and gas containment structures, offshore and onshore structures, military shelters, and shear walls in buildings. The system consists of a plain concrete core sandwiched between two steel plates interconnected together by various types of mechanical shear connectors. The DSC construction perceives advantages that the external steel plates act as both formwork and primary reinforcement, and also as impermeable, blast and impact resistant membranes. The major duty of the shear connectors is to withstand longitudinal shear force and beam/slab separation, while in the bi-steel type where shear connectors are friction welded at both their two ends to two parallel steel plates, the longitudinal and transverse shear force, as well as plate buckling are resisted. The present paper highlights the previous prime researches concerning the subjects of SCSS composite construction, specifically on the conducted tests (push-out tests, tensile, direct shear tests, and bending tests) in which the components of partial interaction (uplift and slip forces) are resisted by various types of shear connectors.

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Wang, Zhenyu, Yang Zhao, Xu Liang, and Zhiguo He. "Analysis of the Dynamic Response in Blast-Loaded CFRP-Strengthened Metallic Beams." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/521404.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are good candidates in enhancing the blast resistant performance of vulnerable public buildings and in reinforcing old buildings. The use of CFRP in retrofitting and strengthening applications is traditionally associated with concrete structures. Nevertheless, more recently, there has been a remarkable aspiration in strengthening metallic structures and components using CFRP. This paper presents a relatively simple analytical solution for the deformation and ultimate strength calculation of hybrid metal-CFRP beams when subjected to pulse loading, with a particular focus on blast loading. The analytical model is based on a full interaction between the metal and the FRP and is capable of producing reasonable results in a dynamic loading scenario. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model is also developed to reveal the full dynamic behavior of the CFRP-epoxy-steel hybrid beam, considering the detailed effects, that is, large strains, high strain rates in metal, and different failure modes of the hybrid beam. Experimental results confirm the analytical and the FE results and show a strong correlation.

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Yue, Xin, Xiuli Feng, and John C. Lippold. "Strength increase in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone of a high-strength, blast-resistant steel after post-weld heat treatment." Materials Science and Engineering: A 585 (November 2013): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.07.064.

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Yu, Xinghua, J. L. Caron, S. S. Babu, John C. Lippold, Dieter Isheim, and David N. Seidman. "Corrigendum to “Characterization of microstructural strengthening in the heat-affected-zone of a blast-resistant naval steel” [Acta Mater. 58 (2010) 5596–5609]." Acta Materialia 59, no. 6 (April 2011): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.12.057.

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Mediavilla Varas, Jesus, and Frans Soetens. "Blast resistance behaviour of steel frame structures." IABSE Symposium Report 97, no. 32 (January 1, 2010): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137810796024277.

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Son, J., and A. Astaneh-Asl. "Blast Resistance of Steel Orthotropic Bridge Decks." Journal of Bridge Engineering 17, no. 4 (July 2012): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000283.

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Chen, Wanxiang, Zixin Zhou, Huihui Zou, and Zhikun Guo. "Predictions of residual carrying-capacities for fire and near-field blast-damaged reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 4 (July 19, 2018): 525–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618784738.

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An approximate approach is developed to estimate the residual carrying-capacities of fire and near-field blast-damaged reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns. The single-degree-of-freedom model is employed to calculate the initial deflections of fire-damaged reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns subjected to axial and blast-induced transverse loads, and then a modified formula including double coefficient is further proposed to predict the ultimate resistance. Then, a series of blast-resistance and load carrying-capacity tests on six large-scale reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns are conducted to validate the suitability of theoretical method presented in this article. Blast tests demonstrate that the blast-resistances of reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns are more sensitive to fire durations than to scale distances. In addition, it is indicated that ISO-834 standard fire exposures cause significant degradations of material properties and have remarkable effects on the residual carrying-capacities of reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns. No local bucking and burst could be observed in the residual carrying-capacity tests; also, there are no visible hinge-like deformations in the mid-span area, and the excellent fire-resistances and blast-resistances of reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns are experimentally verified. Analytical results show that the predicted axial load capacities of six reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube columns are in good agreement with experimental data. All damage indices of the test specimens are within 0.8, meaning only minor to severe damage is done to the reactive powder concrete-filled steel tube column during fire and blast attacks, which is consistent with the test results.

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Dong, Jing, Junhai Zhao, Dongfang Zhang, and Yingping Li. "Research on Dynamic Response of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns Confined with FRP under Blast Loading." Shock and Vibration 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8692310.

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Recently, a concrete-filled steel tube confined with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has become a hot research issue as a new type of structure. These studies mainly focus on its static performance and seismic and impact behaviour, with little research on its blast resistance performance. In this study, the dynamic response of concrete-filled steel tube columns confined with FRP under blast loading was investigated. Numerical analysis was implemented using multimaterial ALE method in the finite element analysis program LS-DYNA. The proposed numerical model was validated by the SDOF result and available experimental data. And the effects of the number of FRP layers, concrete strength, and cross section were also discussed in detail based on the proposed numerical model. The results indicate that the constraints of FRP effectively enhance the blast resistance of the column, and the vulnerable parts mainly occur at the middle and two ends of the column. The blast resistance of the column can be enhanced by increasing the number of FRP layers or concrete strength. These results could provide a certain basis for blast resistance design of concrete-filled steel tubes confined with FRP.

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Ying, Kong Sih, Alex M. Remennikov, and Brian Uy. "Numerical Investigation of the Response of Protective Barrier under Blast Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.440.

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Non-composite steel-concrete-steel panels develop high load-carrying capacity through the tensile membrane resistance of the steel faceplates at large displacement. The response of a full-scale barrier structure composed of the non-composite SCS panels and steel posts under various blast loading scenarios was investigated using non-linear finite element software LS-Dyna. The simulation results showed that the barrier was able to withstand very large blast energy. It can be concluded that non-composite SCS panels can provide an attractive solution to expedite construction of high-performance protective barriers to resist extreme blast loadings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blast Resistant Steel'

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