Relevant bibliographies by topics / BLAST

Academic literature on the topic 'BLAST'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "BLAST"

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Anwar, Mahdalena Anwar, Siti Nurjanah Nurjanah, and Winiati P. Rahayu. "Aplikasi Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) NCBI Pada Penelitian Molekuler Salmonella SPP." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 15446. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i11.9037.

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Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) merupakan tool pada website NCBI yang banyak digunakan pada penelitian mikrobiologi molekuler. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan review sistematik dari fungsi program BLAST dan menentukan parameter penting yang diaplikasikan pada penelitian Salmonella asal produk pangan. Salmonella spp. menjadi fokus karena bakteri ini terdiri dari banyak serovar yang memiliki variasi dalam mekanisme virulensi, perbedaan patogenitas dan adaptasi Salmonella terhadap inangnya. Pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesin pencari PUBMED dan Google Scholar, dengan penentuan kriteria artikel dengan menggunakan metode PICO (problem/population, intervention, comparation, outcome), dan penyeleksian artikel dengan menggunakan metode PRISMA. Hasil penelitian terseleksi 30 artikel yang masuk dalam kriteria. Fungsi BLAST diaplikasikan pada 4 fungsi yaitu: (1) mengidentifikasi sekuens, (2) menemukan DNA target dengan efisien, (3) menyimpulkan fungsi gen dan menduga domain architecture dari struktur proteinnya, serta (4) merancang primer. BLAST NCBI yang digunakan adalah BLASTn, BLASTp serta PRIMER BLAST. Aplikasi tersebut dapat digunakan dengan memperhatikan parameter penting pada empat fungsi tersebut
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Smith, Kyle D., Tao Chen, and Rong Z. Gan. "Hearing Damage Induced by Blast Overpressure at Mild TBI Level in a Chinchilla Model." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (January 2020): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz309.

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Abstract Introduction The peripheral auditory system and various structures within the central auditory system are vulnerable to blast injuries, and even blast overpressure is at relatively mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) level. However, the extent of hearing loss in relation to blast number and time course of post-blast is not well understood. This study reports the progressive hearing damage measured in chinchillas after multiple blast exposures at mild TBI levels (103–138 kPa or 15–20 psi). Materials and Methods Sixteen animals (two controls) were exposed to two blasts and three blasts, respectively, in two groups with both ears plugged with foam earplugs to prevent the eardrum from rupturing. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were measured in pre- and post-blasts. Immunohistochemical study of chinchilla brains were performed at the end of experiment. Results Results show that the ABR threshold and DPOAE level shifts in 2-blast animals were recovered after 7 days. In 3-blast animals, the ABR and DPOAE shifts remained at 26 and 23 dB, respectively after 14 days. Variation of auditory cortex damage between 2-blast and 3-blast was also observed in immunofluorescence images. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the number of blasts causing mild TBI critically affects hearing damage.
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Smith, Albert T. "Discrimination of explosions from simultaneous mining blasts." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0830010160.

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Abstract Large mining blasts can complicate the identification and discrimination of small underground nuclear explosions and may offer evasion opportunities. Mining blasts typically show a unique spectral signature: spectral reinforcements associated with time-delayed detonations between adjacent shot holes or rows of shots. Discrimination of a nuclear detonation that is simultaneous with a mining blast must depend upon recognizing significant spectral or waveform abnormalities within seismic signals from the mining blasts. In this investigation, large, simultaneous detonations within mining blasts are simulated for observed explosions from the Mesabi Range in Minnesota and for a series of quarry blasts at the Kaiser Permanente Quarry in Cupertino, California, which included a simultaneous detonation conducted by Lee et al. (1989). The Mesabi explosions are examples of large, ripple-fired blasts with known blast patterns (Smith, 1989). The models suggest that a large, single, deeply buried explosion dominates the waveform signature if it contains more than 5 to 15% of the total explosive in the mining blast. Spectral signatures of these combined explosions still show periodicities characteristic of ripple firing; however, their amplitude is greatly reduced. Inclusion of a deep simultaneous shot accentuates the high-frequency spectrum. If single explosions are sufficiently close to the combined quarry blast, their application as empirical Green's functions can isolate the simultaneous explosion within the blast. If empirical Green's functions are within 0.5 km of quarry blasts, individual explosions can be retrieved if delays are 100 msec between shot holes and signals extend to 40 Hz. Identification of large, simultaneous detonations within a blast may depend upon knowledge of the mine's blasting practices and its variability from blast to blast.
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Nara, N., and E. A. McCulloch. "Membranes replace irradiated blast cells as growth requirement for leukemic blast progenitors in suspension culture." Journal of Experimental Medicine 162, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 1435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.162.5.1435.

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The blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may be considered as a renewal population, maintained by blast stem cells capable of both self-renewal and the generation of progeny with reduced or absent proliferative potential. Blast progenitor renewal is manifested in suspension culture by an exponential increase in clonogenic cells. This growth requires that two conditions be met: first, the cultures must contain growth factors in media conditioned either by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes (PHA-LCM), or by cells of the continuous bladder carcinoma line HTB9 (HTB9-CM). Second, the cell density must be maintained at 10(6) blasts/ml; this may be achieved by adding irradiated cells to smaller numbers of intact blasts. We are concerned with the mechanism of the feeding function. We present evidence that (a) cell-cell contact is required. (b) Blasts are heterogeneous in respect to their capacity to support growth. (c) Fractions containing membranes from blast cells will substitute for intact cells in promoting the generation of new blast progenitors in culture. (d) This membrane function may be specific for AML blasts, since membranes from blasts of lymphoblastic leukemia or normal marrow cells were inactive.
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Morley, Michael G., Jackie K. Nguyen, Jeffrey S. Heier, Bradford J. Shingleton, Joseph F. Pasternak, and Kraig S. Bower. "Blast Eye Injuries: A Review for First Responders." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 2 (June 2010): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.v4n2.hra10003.

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ABSTRACTAs the rate of terrorism increases, it is important for health care providers to become familiar with the management of injuries inflicted by blasts and explosions. This article reviews the ocular injuries associated with explosive blasts, providing basic concepts with which to approach the blast-injured patient with eye trauma. We conducted a literature review of relevant articles indexed in PubMed between 1948 and 2007. Two hundred forty-four articles were reviewed. We concluded that ocular injury is a frequent cause of morbidity in blast victims, occurring in up to 28% of blast survivors. Secondary blast injuries, resulting from flying fragments and debris, cause the majority of eye injuries among blast victims. The most common blast eye injuries include corneal abrasions and foreign bodies, eyelid lacerations, open globe injuries, and intraocular foreign bodies. Injuries to the periorbital area can be a source of significant morbidity, and ocular blast injuries have the potential to result in severe vision loss.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:154-160)
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Tan, X. Gary, and Peter Matic. "Simulation of Cumulative Exposure Statistics for Blast Pressure Transmission Into the Brain." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (January 2020): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz308.

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Abstract Introduction This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events. Materials and Methods A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, was used to characterize the extent and repetition of high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate repetitive blast cumulative exposures. Results The blast orientation effect is as influential as the blast overpressure magnitudes. A 75° (from the side) blast orientation can produce CPEF values exceeding traumatic brain injury pressure thresholds >0.95 while, for the same blast overpressure, a 0° (front) blast orientation results in a CPEF <0.25. Monte Carlo results for different sequences reflecting notional operational and training environments show that both mean values and standard deviations of CPEF reach the statistically equilibrium state at a finite value of n exposures for each sequence. Conclusions Statistical convergence of the brain pressure response metrics versus number of blasts for different exposures characterizes the transitions from “low” to “high” number of blasts and quantitatively highlights the differences between operational and training exposures.
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Fields, David M., Nils Olav Handegard, John Dalen, Christiane Eichner, Ketil Malde, Ørjan Karlsen, Anne Berit Skiftesvik, Caroline M. F. Durif, and Howard I. Browman. "Airgun blasts used in marine seismic surveys have limited effects on mortality, and no sublethal effects on behaviour or gene expression, in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 7 (August 7, 2019): 2033–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz126.

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Abstract Seismic surveys use airguns that emit low frequency high magnitude sound to detect subsea resources and to map seabed geology. The effect of seismic blasts on Calanus spp., a key food source for commercially important fish, was assessed in field experiments. Immediate mortality of copepods was significantly different from controls at distances of 5 m or less from the airguns. Mortality 1 week after the airgun blast was significantly higher—by 9% relative to controls—in the copepods placed 10 m from the airgun blast but was not significantly different from the controls at a distance of 20 m from the airgun blast. The increase in mortality—relative to controls—did not exceed 30% at any distance from the airgun blast. Only two genes changed in response to the airgun blast; however, their function is unknown. There were no sublethal effects of the seismic blasts on the escape performance or the sensory threshold needed to initiate an escape response at any of the distances from the airgun blast that were tested. Results from these experiments suggest that seismic blasts have limited effects on the mortality or escape response of Calanus sp. within 10 m of the blast and no measurable impact at greater distances.
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Iacono, Diego, Erin K. Murphy, Cheryl D. Stimpson, Fabio Leonessa, and Daniel P. Perl. "Double Blast Wave Primary Effect on Synaptic, Glymphatic, Myelin, Neuronal and Neurovascular Markers." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020286.

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Explosive blasts are associated with neurological consequences as a result of blast waves impact on the brain. Yet, the neuropathologic and molecular consequences due to blast waves vs. blunt-TBI are not fully understood. An explosive-driven blast-generating system was used to reproduce blast wave exposure and examine pathological and molecular changes generated by primary wave effects of blast exposure. We assessed if pre- and post-synaptic (synaptophysin, PSD-95, spinophilin, GAP-43), neuronal (NF-L), glymphatic (LYVE1, podoplanin), myelin (MBP), neurovascular (AQP4, S100β, PDGF) and genomic (DNA polymerase-β, RNA polymerase II) markers could be altered across different brain regions of double blast vs. sham animals. Twelve male rats exposed to two consecutive blasts were compared to 12 control/sham rats. Western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence analyses were performed across the frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem. The results showed altered levels of AQP4, S100β, DNA-polymerase-β, PDGF, synaptophysin and PSD-95 in double blast vs. sham animals in most of the examined regions. These data indicate that blast-generated changes are preferentially associated with neurovascular, glymphatic, and DNA repair markers, especially in the brainstem. Moreover, these changes were not accompanied by behavioral changes and corroborate the hypothesis for which an asymptomatic altered status is caused by repeated blast exposures.
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Debnath, Jhuma, Ajay Kumar, and Hrishikesh Sharma. "Numerical investigation of Reinforced-concrete beam-column joints under contact and close-in blast application." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.641.

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The behavior of the concrete and the steel material under blast loads are different. They have different mode of failures under blast loads. Also, responses differ according to the blast types concerning the proximity of the charge kept. It causes different failure modes in the structural members. Close-in or contact blast causes the spallation of concrete. In the near-field blasts, it causes bending failure in the structural members. The behavior of the mode of failure of various joint types subjected to contact-blast and close-in blast loads are numerically studied here. Three different joints simulated to carry on blast loads—exterior beam-column joint, interior beam-column joint, and knee joint simulated numerically under the close-in and contact loads. The charge for the contact blasts were applied to the joint is placed in contact with the joint core, and was not put at the beam or the column member of the joint cut section. In the current work, the failure behavior and the response of the RC beam-column joints is concluded.
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Ha, K., MH Freedman, A. Hrincu, D. Petsche, A. Poon, and EW Gelfand. "Separation of lymphoid and myeloid blasts in the mixed blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: no evidence for Ig gene rearrangement in CALLA-positive blasts." Blood 66, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v66.6.1404.1404.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that lymphoid blast crisis cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) expressing the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) are B precursor cells, based on the demonstration of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement similar to common acute lymphocytic leukemia. There is little evidence to suggest whether the cells with similar lymphoid characteristics in the mixed blast crisis of CML are also committed to B cell lineage. A patient in “mixed” blast crisis of CML was studied. On the basis of morphology, cytochemistry, and immunological studies, the blasts were classified as having either lymphoid or myeloid characteristics. A proportion of the leukemic blasts expressed CALLA, whereas others expressed My7 antigen. In order to characterize both populations of cell further, CALLA+ blasts and My7+ (myeloid) blasts were isolated by fluorescence- activated cell sorting. The My7+ cells were highly proliferative in cell culture blast colony assays, retained the Ph1 chromosome, and were indistinguishable from acute myelogenous leukemia blasts. The CALLA+ cells were also Ph1-chromosome positive, but in contrast, were poorly proliferative in vitro. Of particular note was their retention of germline configuration of Ig genes, thus distinguishing them from blasts in the lymphoid crisis of CML. We conclude that the lymphoid component in mixed blast crisis may represent a stage of differentiation prior to commitment to B lineage.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BLAST"

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Kieval, Tamar S. (Tamar Shoshana) 1980. "Structural blast design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29414.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.
"June 2004."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45).
Blast design is a necessary part of design for more buildings in the United States. Blast design is no longer limited to underground shelters and sensitive military sites, buildings used by the general public daily must also have satisfactory blast protection. Integrating blast design into existing norms for structural design is a challenge but it is achievable. By looking at the experience of structural designers in Israel over the past several decades it is possible to see successful integration of blast design into mainstream buildings. Israel's design techniques and policies can be used as a paradigm for the United States. A structural design for a performing arts center is analyzed within the context of blast design. Improvements in the design for blast protection are suggested. These design improvements include camouflaging the structural system, using blast resistant glass, reinforced concrete, and hardening of critical structural members. It is shown that integration of blast design into modem mainstream structures is achievable. New techniques and creative problem solving must be used to adapt blast design to work alongside current design trends.
by Tamar S. Kieval.
M.Eng.
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Macleod, David. "ROACH accelerated BLAST." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12234.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).
Reconfigurable computing, in recent years, has been taking great strides in becoming part of mainstream computing largely due to the rapid growth in the size of FPGAs and their ability to adapt to certain complex applications efficiently. This dissertation investigates the reuse of application specific hardware developed for radio astronomy in accelerating a popular bioinformatics algorithm.
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Ownbey, Danielle M. "The Blast-Off Inn." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/165.

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Garner, Jeffrey Philip. "Resuscitation after blast and haemorrhage." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440563.

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Singh, Ajit 1951. "Photographic evaluation of blast fragmentation." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63380.

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Liang, Yue Hua. "Plated structures under blast loading." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423293.

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Exadaktylos, George E. "Computer aided blast fragmentation prediction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43590.

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The complex and non-linear nature of blast fracturing have restricted common blast design mostly to empirical approaches. The code developed for this investigation avoids both empiricism and large memory requirement in order to simulate the pattern of interacting radial fractures from an array of shotholes, at various burdens and spacings, and in simultaneous and delayed modes. The resultant pattern is analyzed and a fragment size distribution calculated.

The rules governing the distribution of radial cracks and the way in which they interact are based on model scale experiments conducted by various investigators. Calculated fragment size- distribution agree with data from the field. Powder factor dependence of fragmentation results is also well described by the model.

The effect of discontinuities on rock fragmentation by blasting is also incorporated into the model. Discontinuities which are open and filled with air or soil-like material affect destructively the transmission of strain waves and propagation of cracks in the rock mass. These discontinuities can be incorporated into the simulation by inserting cracks to represent them. The cracks representing discontinuities will then terminate the cracks produced by blasting where they intersect. On the other hand, tight joints without filling material or with filling material but with a high bond strength and acoustic impedance close to that of the medium do not affect in a negative way the transmission of shock waves in the rock mass. A mathematical model was developed to treat these discontinuities which was based on principles from Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics theory and Kuznetsov's equation which relates the mean fragment size obtained to the blast energy, hole size and rock characteristics.


Master of Science
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Malan, Danie F. "Empirical investigation of underwater blast." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5512.

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Background Most demolition practitioners seem to accept that an explosive charge is placed in direct contact with the target surface. Placing the charge in this way may be very convenient, but from an under water demolition point of view, this may not be the most effective placement. It should be noted that an underwater charge can be used in two distinctly different types of application against a target ' a large charge at a distance from the target (eg a torpedo) or a small charge in direct contact (eg demolition charge or limpet mine). In the first type of application a very large charge is detonated at a relatively large offset distance (typically 500kg at 10 meters or more). This type of application relies on extensive damage to and subsequent disruption of equipment on board a ship. The second type of application involves a small charge (typically 10 to 50kg) in direct contact with the target. The effect of this type of application is very localised and very severe, causing flooding and/or local structural failure. The work of this dissertation focuses on the second type of application which is a relatively small charge in contact or at very close offset distance (as opposed to a large charge at a large distance). It is often stated by experienced users in underwater explosions, that the damage caused by an underwater explosion is greater when the close proximity charge is physically slightly offset from the target surface. At the same time, none of these users could offer any specific rule or guideline that can be used to determine the optimum offset distance for any given charge or target. Most demolition users believe that a contact charge is the best way. In addition, they follow a rule of thumb: 'If in doubt, double the charge'. An important tendency of modern demolition work is to achieve better results with a smaller charge by improving the efficiency of the application. This implies either a better result with the same charge mass or the required effect with a smaller charge mass. If the demolition objective is well defined, the mass of explosive can be minimised. This would save cost and, in case of man-carried munition, save effort by the carrier. The principles, phenomena and effects of demolition in an air environment are very different from demolition under water. A principle difference is that a submerged detonation creates a pulsating gas bubble. Such a bubble is absent in an explosion in air. This thesis is focused on underwater detonations. It is well known that about half of the energy of an underwater detonation is transferred to the gas bubble (see Figure A), therefore it is fair to assume that the gas bubble associated with an underwater detonation should cause significant damage to a target (over and above the effect of the shock impulse). This 'significant damage' is a term that is usually used in a casual way and is hardly ever quantified.
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Akin, Faith W. "Audiovestibular Consequences of Blast Exposure." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2446.

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Curry, Richard. "Response of plates subjected to air-blast and buried explosions." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26877.

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Explosive threats have become more prevalent in both military and terrorist theatres of conflict, showing up largely in the form of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) which are often buried in soil to conceal them and increase their effectiveness. The response of a structure subjected to a blast load is influenced by many factors, namely stand off distance, mass of explosive, degrees of confinement and medium surrounding the charge. This study focuses on characterizing the transient deformation of test plates which have been exposed to different explosive loading conditions including free air blasts (AIR), backed charge (VBP) and buried charge (SBP) configurations. In the three loading configurations, four charge masses are considered, utilizing 10g, 15g, 20g and 25g masses of PE4 plastic explosive which were moulded into cylindrical charges of a constant 38mm diameter. The transient deformation of the test plates was captured using high speed Digital Image Correlation (DIC), which utilized two high speed cameras to record the experiments. Extensive modifications to the blast pendulum to incorporate the cameras was necessary to adapt this technique in a different method to that used in previous literature. The mounting method proposed allowed the cameras to record the experiment while capturing the impulse imparted on a test plate using a blast pendulum. The experimental plates exhibited only Mode I failure, which is plastic deformation, enabling the effect of different loading configurations on the transient and final plate deformation profiles to be identified. Numerical simulations of the experiments were developed to further the understanding of the load arising from the three configurations and the deformation mechanisms involved. The experimental results are used to validate the numerical models, which allow for a better understanding of the evolution of the deformation and strains across the plate. The transient data for the numerical simulation and the experiments were found to match closely. This work clearly shows the effect that the different loading conditions have on the tests plates, specifically the impulse distributions and transient strain in the plates. It was observed in this study that the impulse imparted on a test plate increases with the addition of sand while keeping other test conditions constant. The impulse recorded was observed to increase by 490-540% and 19-100% when compared to AIR and VBP 50mm SOD tests respectively. The loading profile acting on the test plate as a result of the specific impulse changes significantly with the inclusion of sand. The midpoint deflection increases with a decrease in stand off distance, increase in charge mass, increase in level of confinement or the inclusion of an overburden of sand. The observed increase in midpoint deflection of between 90-160% and 30-40% when compared to AIR and VBP 50mm SOD tests respectively was reported. The transient plate profile does not match the final deformation profile.
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Books on the topic "BLAST"

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Phillips, Dee. Blast. London: Evans, 2009.

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Naeem, Annis. Blast. Culver City, CA: Design Studio Press, 2012.

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Mark, Yandell, and Bedell Joseph, eds. BLAST. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, 2003.

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Evanovich, Janet. Full blast. New York, NY: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2004.

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Owen, Ruth. Blast off! Mankato MN: New Forest Press, 2010.

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illustrator, McLean Gill, ed. Blast off! New York, NY: Sandy Creek, 2012.

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Needham, Charles E. Blast Waves. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65382-2.

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Needham, Charles E. Blast Waves. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05288-0.

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Shukla, Arun, Yapa D. S. Rajapakse, and Mary Ellen Hynes, eds. Blast Mitigation. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7267-4.

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Sochet, Isabelle, ed. Blast Effects. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70831-7.

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Book chapters on the topic "BLAST"

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Ewens, Warren J., and Gregory R. Grant. "BLAST." In Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics, 269–302. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3247-4_9.

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Carpentier, Jean-Pierre. "Blast." In Disaster Medicine Pocket Guide: 50 Essential Questions, 153–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00654-8_33.

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Aberle, Sara J. "Blast." In Encyclopedia of Trauma Care, 208–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29613-0_365.

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Make, Li, Zou Zhongping, and Xu Kuangdi. "Blast System of Blast Furnace." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_942-1.

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Sharma, Rajiv K., and Pawan K. Singh. "Wheat Blast." In Wheat Blast, 1–18. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429470554-1.

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Son, S. F., A. J. Zakrajsek, E. J. Miklaszewski, D. E. Kittell, J. L. Wagner, and D. R. Guildenbecher. "Experimental Investigation of Blast Mitigation for Target Protection." In Blast Mitigation, 1–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7267-4_1.

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Gardner, N., S. Gupta, E. Wang, and Arun Shukla. "Blast Response of Sandwich Composites: Effect of Core Gradation, Pre-loading, and Temperature." In Blast Mitigation, 279–330. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7267-4_10.

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Sasani, M. "Progressive Collapse Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Structures." In Blast Mitigation, 331–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7267-4_11.

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Glascoe, L., and T. Antoun. "Application of High Performance Computing to Rapid Assessment of Tunnel Vulnerability to Explosive Blast and Mitigation Strategies." In Blast Mitigation, 21–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7267-4_2.

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Vaziri, Ashkan, and Ranajay Ghosh. "Numerical Analysis of the Response of Biomimetic Cellular Materials Under Static and Dynamic Loadings." In Blast Mitigation, 55–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7267-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "BLAST"

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Ostertag, Michael H., Matthew Kenyon, David A. Borkholder, General Lee, Uade da Silva, and Gary Kamimori. "The Blast Gauge™ System as a Research Tool to Quantify Blast Overpressure in Complex Environments." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65138.

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Tactical officers and military personnel who train in explosive entry techniques regularly put themselves at risk of blast exposure. The overpressure conditions in complex military and law enforcement environments, such as interior doors, hallways, and stairwells, cannot be accurately predicted by standard blast models which were developed from outdoor, free-field blasts. In both training and operations, small, low-cost blast overpressure sensors would provide the benefit of tracking exposure levels of at-risk individuals. The sensors would allow, for the first time, direct determination of safe stand-off distances and positioning for personnel during explosive breaching. Overpressure, impulse, and acceleration data has been captured for a series of interior and exterior blasts, demonstrating the utility of the Blast Gauge system as a training and research tool to quantify blast overpressure in complex environments.
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Barbasova, T. A., and E. V. Zagoskina. "Blast-Furnace Melting Blast Control." In 2019 IEEE Russian Workshop on Power Engineering and Automation of Metallurgy Industry: Research & Practice (PEAMI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peami.2019.8915284.

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Wong, Jessica M., Adam L. Halberstadt, Humberto A. Sainz, Kiran S. Mathews, Brian W. Chu, Laurel J. Ng, and Philemon C. Chan. "Mild Traumatic Brain Injury From Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposures." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53542.

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Recent studies on military breachers in training environments suggest that there are neurocognitive risks from exposure to repeated low-level blasts. However, the dose accumulation effects from multiple low-level blast exposures and their relation to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are not well understood. This paper presents a controlled neurobehavioral study of behavioral effects from repeated low-level blasts delivered at ten second intervals using a rat model. A custom designed shock tube was developed to deliver repeated low-level blasts to rats at short intervals on the order of seconds. A total of 192 rats were divided into three cohorts of 64 for testing. Each cohort was exposed to a different blast intensity (7.5, 15, or 25 psi reflective pressure with durations <0.25 ms), and each cohort was further divided into four levels of blast repetition (0, 5, 10, or 15 repeats). Shock tube blasts were directed at the rat’s head, and startle with prepulse inhibition (PPI) and fear learning and extinction behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the blast effects. Behavioral testing results showed that repeated low-level blasts can affect PPI and contextual fear recall. PPI was not affected by repeated exposures to 7.5 psi blasts, but repeated 15 and 25 psi blasts disrupted PPI. All cohorts showed significant fear learning, but the highest blast group (25 psi, 15 repeats) had disruptions in spatial memory recall. None of the cohorts showed effects on cued fear recall or fear extinction and retention. The data collected are being used in continuous research to understand how the behavioral changes relate to mTBI, and how these animal tests can be scaled and modeled to interpret possible outcomes for humans.
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Azadmanesh, Mohammad R., and Matthias Hauswirth. "BLAST." In PPPJ '15: Principles and Practices of Programming on the Java Platform. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2807426.2807439.

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Sutter, Jan, Kristian Sons, and Philipp Slusallek. "Blast." In the Nineteenth International ACM Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2628588.2628599.

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Meir, Arie, and Jaijeet Roychowdhury. "BLAST." In the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2228360.2228417.

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Alphonse, Vanessa D., Andrew R. Kemper, Brock T. Strom, Stephanie M. Beeman, and Stefan M. Duma. "Human Eye Response to Blast Overpressure." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80909.

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Each year, approximately two million people in the United States suffer eye injuries that require treatment [1]. Although it is suggested that blast overpressure can cause serious eye injuries, there is no clear evidence in the literature to support this injury mechanism. Conversely, projectile impacts have been shown to cause serious eye injuries [2, 3]. The critical question is whether blast overpressure alone can cause eye injury or if injuries are caused solely by projected material. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of postmortem human eyes during blasts and assess injuries sustained in order to more fully understand the effect of blast overpressure on the eye.
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Lee, Jason R., and Mohamed H. Ahmed. "A-BLAST." In Proceeding of the 2006 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1143549.1143681.

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Sawyer, Shane E., Bhanu Rekepalli, Mitchel D. Horton, and R. Glenn Brook. "HPC-BLAST." In BCB '15: ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2808719.2811435.

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Rapo, Mark, Chong Whang, and Philemon Chan. "Blast Event Recognition Method for Multisensor Data." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88936.

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Due to the great concern that blast overpressure can cause mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), there is strong interest in putting sensors on warfighters to collect theater data for correlation with medical outcomes. One approach is to mount multiple pressure sensors on the warfighter to measure the blast overpressure environment. An event recognition algorithm that is based on the sensor data recordings is needed to reconstruct the incident blast wave that impacts the warfighter. Blast impingement pressure on an object is highly dependent on the angle of incidence at the point of impact; shadowing and recirculating flow effects can complicate the sensor data pattern. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the present work demonstrates that for a warfighter in an upright posture in an open blast environment, a three-sensor event recognition algorithm can be developed to reconstruct the incident blast wave (generally characterized as a Friedlander wave). Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes’ based CFD simulations were performed to predict pressure recordings at the three sensor locations for a range of horizontal blast waves impacting the warfighter at all angles of incidence. The predicted peak pressures and durations were recorded and stored in a lookup table. Using an inverse problem approach, it was found that based on the three-sensor data recorded for each event, an algorithm exists for reconstructing the blast incident wave. The established event recognition algorithm is limited to warfighters with upright posture in open blast. Work is being continued to generalize and extend the method to include complex blasts involving multiple reflections and other posture orientations.
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Reports on the topic "BLAST"

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Stewart, Joel B. Air Blast Calculations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585119.

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Groeneveld, Andrew, and C. Crane. Advanced cementitious materials for blast protection. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46893.

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Advanced cementitious materials, commonly referred to as ultra-high performance concretes (UHPCs), are developing rapidly and show promise for civil infrastructure and protective construction applications. Structures exposed to blasts experience strain rates on the order of 102 s-1 or more. While a great deal of research has been published on the durability and the static properties of UHPC, there is less information on its dynamic properties. The purpose of this report is to (1) compile existing dynamic property data—including compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorption—for six proprietary and research UHPCs and (2) implement a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model for axisymmetric UHPC panels under blast loading as a means of comparing the UHPCs. Although simplified, the model allows identification of key material properties and promising materials for physical testing. Model results indicate that tensile strength has the greatest effect on panel deflection, with unit weight and elastic modulus having a moderate effect. CEMTECmultiscale® deflected least in the simulation. Lafarge Ductal®, a commonly available UHPC in North America, performed in the middle of the five UHPCs considered.
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Schwer, D., and K. Kailasanath. Blast Mitigation by Water Mist, (3) Mitigation of Confined and Unconfined Blasts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada452669.

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E.F. fitch. ESF BLAST DESIGN ANALYSIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883447.

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Scarlett, Harry Alan. Nuclear Weapon Blast Effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1638612.

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Martinez, Berlina S., and James H. Stuhmiller. A Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle - Blast Overpressure Research Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395065.

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Long, Joseph B. Blast-Induced Acceleration in a Shock Tube: Distinguishing Primary and Tertiary Blast Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613618.

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Bailey, Jean L., John P. Farley, Frederick W. Williams, Michael S. Lindsay, and Douglas A. Schwer. Blast Mitigation Using Water Mist. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443885.

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Wright, William P. Army Blast Claims Evaluation Procedures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277909.

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Graham, Mary J., and S. R. Bilyk. Blast Fragmentation Modeling and Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada596022.

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