Journal articles: 'Blank coating'

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Xu, Hao, Haijun Hu, Hongmei Wang, Yongjun Li, and Yun Li. "Corrosion resistance of graphene/waterborne epoxy composite coatings in CO 2 -satarated NaCl solution." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (May 2020): 191943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191943.

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This study investigated the corrosion resistance of graphene/waterborne epoxy composite coatings in CO 2 -satarated NaCl solution. The coatings were prepared by dispersing graphene in waterborne epoxy with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose sodium. The structure and composition of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Composite coatings with more uniform surfaces and far fewer defects than blank waterborne epoxy coatings were obtained on 1020 steel. The 0.5 wt% graphene/waterborne epoxy composite coating exhibited a much lower corrosion rate and provided better water resistance properties and long-term protection than those of the blank epoxy coating in CO 2 -satarated NaCl solution.

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Attia, Nour F., Mohamed H. Soliman, and Sahar S. El-Sakka. "Facile Route for Synthesis of Novel Flame Retardant, Reinforcement and Antibacterial Textile Fabrics Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060576.

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New and innovative textile fabrics coatings were facilely developed. The coating was developed based on synthesis of novel charring and antibacterial organic agent in conjunction with chitosan. N-[2,3-dibromo-4-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoyl]anthranilic acid was synthesized as organic antibacterial, reinforcement, and charring agent (OA) and then, dispersed in chitosan solution followed by coating on textile fabrics using immersion route forming new flame retardant coating layer. The developed organic molecule structure was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. The mass loadings of developed organic agent dispersed in chitosan solution were varied between 20–60 wt.%. The coated textile fabrics have special surface morphology of fiber shape aligned on textile fibers surface. The thermal stability and charring residues of the coated textile fabrics were enhanced when compared to blank and organic agent free coated samples. Furthermore, the flammability properties were evaluated using LOI (limiting oxygen index) and UL94 tests. Therefore, the coated textile fabrics record significant enhancement in flame retardancy achieving first class flame retardant textile of zero mm/min rate of burning and 23.8% of LOI value compared to 118 mm/min. rate of burning and 18.2% for blank textile, respectively. The tensile strength of the coated textile fabrics was enhanced, achieving 51% improvement as compared to blank sample. Additionally, the developed coating layer significantly inhibited the bacterial growth, recording 18 mm of clear inhibition zone for coated sample when compared to zero for blank and chitosan coated ones.

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Anishchenko, Aleksandr, Volodymyr Kukhar, Viktor Artiukh, and Arkhipova Olga. "Superplastic forming of shells from sheet blanks with thermally unstable coatings." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823906006.

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The article is devoted to superplastic forming of non-uniformly heated sheet blanks from aluminum alloy AMg6M. To create an uneven temperature field over the surface of the blank, coatings made of sublimated substances were used from at temperatures 50…150°C below the superplastic forming temperature (450°C for AMg6M alloy). An aqueous solute of chloride and ammonium iodide having a sublimation temperature at normal pressure and a latent heat of conversion equal to 338 and 404°C, 330 and 355kJ/kg, respectively, was sprayed onto the central zones of the blanks. Superplastic forming of shells was carried out in two modes: 1) with simultaneous sublimation of the coating; 2) with the beginning of the sublimation of the coating upon reaching the height, which is formed by the workpiece, equal to 20-30% of the final shell height. The experiments showed a decrease in the thickness of the shells to be formed up to 4-10% on the working surface of the shells (without taking into account their flange zones) and the savings of sublimate during superplastic forming in the second mode. The optimal subliming coating for AMg6M alloy was ammonium chloride.

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Kachan, O., and S. Ulanov. "Features of the process of hot extrusion of blanks of the rotor blades of a GTE compressor." Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2021-2-7.

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Purpose. Improving the quality of manufacturing of blanks for compressor rotor blades by hot extrusion. Research methods and equipment. The research was carried out using a crank press with a force of 1000 kN, in split dies in accordance with a serial technological process. The dies were heated up to 150 ... 200 °С, to improve the work when extruding the blanks of the rotor blades made from the titanium alloy ВT8. The thickness of the copper coating was measured with an ИTMП-3 magnetic induction device with an error of ± 2 μm. X-ray spectral microanalysis was performed on an ISM-6360ALA scanning microscope. The billets were heated in an MП-2В furnace. Results. It has been established that the quality of blade blanks made of ВT8 titanium alloy obtained by hot extrusion is influenced by the state of the copper coating, which is preliminarily applied to the surface of the original blank. When the initial blanks are heated, copper is oxidized and in the temperature range of 250…700 °С the oxidation rate proceeds according to a linear pattern, and after 700…750 °С – according to a parabolic pattern. Oxidation of the copper coating occurs unevenly not only within one workpiece, but also within the batch, which leads to a decrease in durability and deterioration of the surface quality of the blade workpieces obtained by hot extrusion. Research carried out by X-ray spectral microanalysis of the copper coating revealed the presence of aluminum oxides of varying degrees of dispersion. The source of this material in the copper coating is caricature of corundum used in blowing into the surface of the billet, which is the reason for the appearance of scoring on the blade blank. It was also found that longitudinal marks on the blade are a consequence of the appearance of a matrix of tubercles (sagging) on the working surface of the die, caused by the adhesion of the deformable material of the blade to the base metal of the tool. Scientific novelty. The regularity of the influence of the heating temperature of the initial blank of the blade on the oxidation rate of the copper coating has been established. The mechanism of the influence of the oxidation of the copper coating and the adhesion of contacting materials during hot extrusion on the surface condition of the resulting blanks is disclosed. Practical value. The results obtained make it possible to improve the quality of the manufactured blanks of the compressor rotor blades by hot extrusion.

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Sun, Jie, and Gang Wang. "Preparation and characterization of a cerium conversion film on magnesium alloy." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 62, no. 4 (June 1, 2015): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2013-1336.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to prepare the cerium-based conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy, and its compositions, micro-morphology, corrosion resistance and the chemical valence state of the film elements were investigated. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology comprised preparation of coatings at different temperatures, which then were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, an electrochemistry workstation and by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Findings – The conversion coating had a micro-cracked morphology. The conversion coatings were composed of MgO (or Mg-OH), CeO2 and Ce2O3. The best corrosion resistance of the cerium passivation film appeared when the treatment temperature was about 35°C. Originality/value – The corrosion current densities of conversion coatings were lower by one to two orders of magnitude than the corrosion current density of the blank sample. The rare earth passivation coating prepared under the best condition could reduce the corrosion current to 3.548 × 10−6 A/cm2.

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Winiarski, Juliusz, Anna Niciejewska, Jacek Ryl, Kazimierz Darowicki, Sylwia Baśladyńska, Katarzyna Winiarska, and Bogdan Szczygieł. "Ni/cerium Molybdenum Oxide Hydrate Microflakes Composite Coatings Electrodeposited from Choline Chloride: Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040924.

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Cerium molybdenum oxide hydrate microflakes are codeposited with nickel from a deep eutectic solvent-based bath. During seven days of exposure in 0.05 M NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of composite coating (Ni/CeMoOxide) is slightly reduced, due to the existence of some microcracks caused by large microflakes. Multielemental analysis of the solution, in which coatings are exposed and the qualitative changes in the surface chemistry (XPS) show selective etching molybdenum from microflakes. The amount of various molybdenum species within the surface of coating nearly completely disappear, due to the corrosion process. Significant amounts of Ce3+ compounds are removed, however the corrosion process is less selective towards the cerium, and the overall cerium chemistry remains unchanged. Initially, blank Ni coatings are covered by NiO and Ni(OH)2 in an atomic ratio of 1:2. After exposure, the amount of Ni(OH)2 increases in relation to NiO (ratio 1:3). For the composite coating, the atomic ratios of both forms of nickel vary from 1:0.8 to 1:1.3. Despite achieving lower corrosion resistance of the composite coating, the applied concept of using micro-flakes, whose skeleton is a system of Ce(III) species and active form are molybdate ions, may be interesting for applications in materials with potential self-healing properties.

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Pardo L., E., S. E. Rodil, B. Campillo, I. Dominguez, J. G. González-Rodriguez, and H. Martinez. "Wear Behavior of a Ni/Co Bilayer Coating by Physical Vapor Deposition on AISI 1045 Steel." Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 8, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2021.82027.

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Coatings by physical vapor deposition (PVD) have become highly relevant due to their wide range of applications and the rapid rate of coating formation. In this work, AISI steel 1045 was coated with two layers, Ni and Co using the PVD technique. Each coating was deposited with a thickness of 1 μm. After applying the coatings, a post-treatment was applied in an AC plasma reactor using a boron nitride blank in an Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 3 Torr, 0.3 A, and 460 V at 4, 8, and 12h. The post-treatment was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in a range of 200-1100 nm. The main species observed by OES were Ar+, N2, N2+, and B+. The coatings on 1045 steel and posttreatment were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, were subjected to tribological tests to analyze wear resistance, using the Pin-on-Disk technique. The coatings on steel 1045 present remarkably better wear properties than the uncoated 1045 steel, being the sample post-treated at 4h that showed a lower wear rate.

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Yu, Rong Sheng, Hua Yan, Zhong Cheng Xu, Zhao Hui Liu, and Zi Di Gu. "Effect of the Content of Paraffin Microcapsule on the Thermal Performance of Infrared Camouflage Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.441.

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As the phase change material, paraffin microcapsule thermal performance of infrared camouflage coatings were studied, With blank contrastive experiments and changing the content of paraffin microcapsule, it is studied the thermal performance of infrared camouflage coatings. This study has shown that there has a high performance of storing and retaining the caloric of the infrared camouflage coatings, with the temperature 7°C. The content of paraffin microcapsule has a great effect on the infrared thermal performance in coating, the higher content of paraffin microcapsule, the better thermal performance of storing and retaining the caloric. The difference of the temperature can reach the highest value at 7°C between 35% or 40% and 25% paraffin microcapsule in the coatings.

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Dastpak, Arman, Kirsi Yliniemi, Mariana de Oliveira Monteiro, Sarah Höhn, Sannakaisa Virtanen, Mari Lundström, and Benjamin Wilson. "From Waste to Valuable Resource: Lignin as a Sustainable Anti-Corrosion Coating." Coatings 8, no. 12 (December 8, 2018): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120454.

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In this study, a waste of biorefinery—lignin—is investigated as an anticorrosion coating on stainless steel. Corrosion behavior of two lignin types (hardwood beech and softwood spruce) was studied by electrochemical measurements (linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit potential, potentiostatic polarization, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance measurements) during exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF) or phosphate buffer (PBS). Results from linear sweep voltammetry of lignin-coated samples, in particular, demonstrated a reduction in corrosion current density between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude cf. blank stainless steel. Furthermore, results from cross cut adhesion tests on lignin-coated samples demonstrated that the best possible adhesion (grade 0) of ISO 2409 standard was achieved for the investigated novel coatings. Such findings suggest that lignin materials could transform the field of organic coatings towards more sustainable alternatives by replacing non-renewable polymer coatings.

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Attia, Nour, Harby Ahmed, Dina Yehia, Mohamed Hassan, and Yassin Zaddin. "Novel synthesis of nanoparticles-based back coating flame-retardant materials for historic textile fabrics conservation." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 1379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715619957.

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Novel flame-retardant back coating layer for historic textile fabrics was developed. Silica nanoparticles originated from agriculture waste rice husk were prepared through one pot thermal method. The morphological and structure properties of nanoparticles were studied. The silica nanoparticles were further impregnated with organic borate producing flame-retardant composite. The obtained composite incorporated with the binder by mechanical mixing providing flame-retardant coating paste. The coating paste spread on the back surface of textile fabrics. Varied compositions of nanoparticles, binder and organic borate were studied in the back coating layer. The flammability, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the blank and treated samples of linen fabrics as an inner support to the historical textiles were investigated. Flame retardancy of the back-coated linen samples has improved achieved high class of flame-retardant textile fabrics of zero rate of burning compared to 80.3 mm/min for blank. The synergistic effect of flame retardancy between nanoparticles and organic borate was investigated. The tensile strength of the flame retardant fabrics was enhanced by 27% and elongation was improved. The effect of industrial aging on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame-retardant back coating textiles was studied.

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Fan, Ai Ling, Ying Kun Xue, and Wei Tian Li. "Oxidation Resistance and Insulation of AlPO₄/Al₂O₃ Coating on Tungsten Substrate at High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.168.

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To improve the oxidation resistance and insulation of tungsten electronic device at high temperature, an AlPO4/Al2O3 composite coating was synthesized on the tungsten substrate by sol-gel method. The morphology of coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared to the blank specimens, the coated ones exhibit excellent oxidation resistance and insulation at about 1100, which can be attributed to the compact coating without porosity and crack. Up to 1200, the effects of coating became dramatically poor. The electron conductivity mechanism was discussed.

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Ermalitskaia, K., and E. Voropay. "Double Pulse LIBS of Titanium-Based PVD-Coatings with Submicron Resolution." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2016 (March 6, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2504217.

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The possibility for double pulse LIBS in the process of a direct layer-by-layer analysis of the titanium-based PVD-coatings on polished flat blank samples of steel and silicon and also of the TiAlN/TiN-coating on a milling cutter is considered. A method is proposed to control thickness of the radiation evaporated layer by defocusing the laser beam with respect to the surface, making it possible to attain the depth resolution of 0.1 μm. The Ti and Ti-Zr-coatings produced using the ion-assisted condensation method and subjected to streams of the nitrogen plasma in a magnetic-plasma compressor are studied.

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Merachtsaki, Domna, Eirini-Chrysanthi Tsardaka, Eleftherios K. Anastasiou, Haris Yiannoulakis, and Anastasios Zouboulis. "Comparison of Different Magnesium Hydroxide Coatings Applied on Concrete Substrates (Sewer Pipes) for Protection against Bio-Corrosion." Water 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091227.

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Several coatings and linings have been examined and used for the protection of sewer concrete pipes, against mainly biogenic-provoked corrosion due to the production of bio-sulfuric acid, leading to the degradation of the pipes’ structure and eventually, to their collapse and need for costly replacement. This study aimed to examine the potential differences between five different magnesium hydroxide coatings, prepared from powders presenting different purity, surface area and pore size distribution, when applied as corrosion protection agents. These coatings were tested by using accelerated sulfuric acid spraying tests, both in dry and wet coating conditions. The coating adhesion ability and their microstructure were examined by the application of pull-off measurements and of SEM analysis, respectively and were found to present certain differences, regarding the adhesion ability and the surface morphologies. During the acid spraying procedure, the surface pH and the mass change of coated concrete specimens were recorded daily. The surface pH was reduced towards acidic values and the mass reduction approached almost −20% in comparison with the initial coating mass for certain cases. Additionally, the hardness and roughness of concrete surface under the coating layer (i.e., the interface between the coating and the surface) after four days of acid spraying, exhibited much smaller changes (due to protection) in contrast to the uncoated concrete specimens (used as blank/comparison experiments), which were found to be highly affected/corroded. The formation of concrete corrosion and coating by-products, as noticed after the respective chemical reactions, was recorded by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and the respective quantification of obtained results. In all the coated specimens only very small amounts of the major by-product (gypsum) was observed, indicating that the concrete surface was sufficiently protected from sulfuric acid attack.

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Harada, Yasunori, Hiroto Ono, and Yuki Nishikubo. "Deep Drawability of Ti/Steel/Ti Laminated Sheets." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.64.

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Cladding is the bonding together of dissimilar metals. One of clad products is the titanium clad steel sheet. It is effective to cover with pure titanium sheet to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel sheet. Titanium clad steel sheets are often achieved by rolling sheets together under high pressure. In the current study, the blank comprising three laminar non-bonded sheets, such as the titanium/steel/titanium sheet, is arranged in the die. The formability of pure titanium clad sheet by multistage deep drawing was investigated to enhance corrosion resistance of steel cup. In the experiment, the blanks were pure titanium sheets JIS1-TP270, JIS2-TP340, ultralow-carbon steel SPCC, and stainless steel SUS316L. The initial thickness of the sheet was 0.2 to 0.5 mm in thickness. The blank diameter was 70 mm. The blanks are merely adjacent sheet; however, not joined with each other. In the deep drawing process, a hydraulic press was used in the experiment and the forming speed for the press was about 10 mm/min. The lubricant used was the solid powders of molybdenum disulfide. For the prevention, pure titanium blank was treated by oxide coating. The conditions of heat treatment were annealed at 973 K for 3.6 ks to 7.2 ks. By oxide coating, the titanium sheet has sufficient ability in preventing the seizure in multistage deep drawing. The drawn cups of the three-layer laminated sheet were formed. The seizure did not cause. The oxidatively-treated titanium sheets have sufficient ability in preventing the seizure. In addition, the clad cups until 6th stage were formed by multistage deep drawing. Long clad cups were successfully formed in multistage deep drawing process.

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Wang, Cong, Yu Ling Li, Feng Hong, Shui Jia Tang, and Yun Yun Wang. "Nano-Cellulose Coating Small-Caliber Artificial Blood Vessel." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1794.

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This paper designs a type of small artificial blood vessel in a composite structure, which the nano cellulose coating is attached to the tube blank. The properties of this type of artificial blood vessel - radical and axial tensile property, area of aperture gaps - are observed by an electron microscopy and analyzed to prepare for the further experiments.

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Wieland, Michael, and Marion Merklein. "Characterization of Heat Transfer Coefficients of Tool Materials and Tool Coatings for Hot Stamping of Boron-Manganese Steels." Key Engineering Materials 438 (May 2010): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.438.81.

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One characteristic of hot stamping of ultra high strength steels is the high wear rate of the used tools which leads to shorter tool life. Coatings improving wear resistance can increase the lifetime of the used tools but process relevant data such as the heat transfer capability of coated tool steels are missing. Within this paper the heat transfer capabilities of coated tool steels for the hot stamping processes are determined. Therefore different coating systems based on AlCrN are applied on the tool steels and the pressure dependent heat transfer coefficient is determined using process relevant conditions. As semi-finished blank the hot stamping steel 22MnB5 with an aluminum-silicon pre-coating is used. With respect to a finite element analysis of the forming operation of the hot stamping process the heat transfer coefficient represents an important input data for the process layout.

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Гусев, В., and V. Gusev. "Fused coating processing with cutters supplied with stabilizing module." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2018, no. 9 (August 11, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5b71326d6490e4.35816418.

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A technology has been considered for fused coating machining for basic parts by multi-edge tools allowing the decrease of a working load upon a compliant cutter by means of its transition to a vibration-proof blank and the decrease, in such a way, a level of elements vibration in a technological system.

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Xu, Jia You, Jian Hua Zhou, and Lei Miao. "SiO₂ Cryogel Dispersion in Organic Solvent for the Application as Transparent Heat Insulation Coating on PET." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.732.

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SiO2 cryogels (SCG) with a low thermal conductivity was used for transparent heat insulation coatings. SCG dispersion in organic solvent was prepared by sand milling, and the paint was composed of SCG dispersion as a functional filler and polyacylic resin as a binder. The paint was coated on PET film and then pasted on a glass substrate to form the filmed glass. The results showed that the particle sizes of SCG in the dispersion were almost below 100 nm, and the organic dispersion had a good stability. The coating with SCG dispersion exhibited a remarkable shielding effect in the near infrared waveband as well as a high transmittance above 80% in the visible light. The heat insulation temperature of SCG filmed glass was 4 °C compared with the blank glass. The transparent heat insulation coating with SCG will be developed for solar control and energy saving applications.

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Zhu, Rong Xia, Zheng Miao, and Cui Xiang Wang. "Research on a Technique of Eco-Friendly Chemical Conversion Coating." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.162.

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A Technology of eco-friendly chemical conversion coating on magnesium alloys by phosphate-permanganate was studied. The performances of blank sample and chrome-free chemical conversion coating on Mg-based alloys were studied. The morphology and corrosion resistance of chemical conversion coating were tested by metallographic microscope and corrosive test. The best technology condition is that the concentration of KMnO4 is 20g/L, Na3PO4 is 100g/L, KF is 40g/L, and the pH is 7~8, the temperature is 50°C．The time of the chemical conversion is 40min.

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Hao, Xiao Xiu, Na Wei, and Cheng Sun. "Preparation of Paper-Based Printing Plate and its Ink-Water Balance Performance Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.156.

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The principle of offset printing is the graphic part lipophilicity and the blank part oleophobic hydrophilic. Based on the ink-water balance theory, this paper mainly discusses the base paper and the coating formulations of paper-based printing plate. In this paper the properties of the paper-based printing plate of the different coating formulations were detected and evaluated, meanwhile these plates were tested in the offset printing. Based on the detection of print quality, plate coating performance and the number of copies printed, the base paper and coating formulations of this plate was be determined. The results of this study for this plate have some significance in the actual production.

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Guan, Zhen Wei, Jing Li, Tong Zhang, Yu Zhong Zhang, Peng Rui Liu, and Zhi Yong Wang. "An Organic Double-Layer Coating on Aluminum and Steel Substrates for Anti-Laser Protection." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.690.

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In this work, an organic double-layer protective coating (ODC) was fabricated through a simple spray process on aluminum and steel. The coating is built as double-layer structure of heat resist base layer and reflective surface layer. Laser with power 103~104Wcm-2was set to ablate samples for 4s, while the temperature of panels’ back were being measured. Also, reflectivity of the coating was tested. Results demonstrated that reflectivity of ODC was up to 94%, and the panels were less apt to be ablated by laser radiation after coated, while the temperatures measured were substantially lower compared to blank panels with respect to the coating structure and composition.

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Quinn, James L. "Using a blank coating process to reduce costs and improve products." Metal Finishing 96, no. 4 (April 1998): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(97)86614-7.

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Rivin, G. L., E. G. Karpukhin, and A. O. Koshkina. "APPLICATION OF ANTIFRICTION COATINGS TO REDUCE CONTACT FRICTION IN STRETCH-FORMING PROCESS OF DOUBLE CURVATURE SHELLS ON A DIES MADE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 23, no. 1 (2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2021-23-1-41-47.

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The article presents the results of research on antifriction coatings for use on die made of aluminum alloys. The expediency of using antifriction coatings to reduce friction when stretch-forming of double curvature shells is justified. To substantiate this, we performed numerical modeling of the skin-tight forming process in the «LS-dyna» CAE system. According to the results of modeling, the following relationship is observed: the lower the coefficient of friction, the more evenly distributed the thinning deformations over the thickness of the blank in stretch-forming. Test modes for determining the coefficient of friction on the MTU-01 friction machine and methods for obtaining other basic functional and technological properties of antifriction coatings are described. The antifriction and technological properties of coatings, such as the coefficient of friction, adhesion, wear resistance, conditional hardness, the time and temperature of polymerization of the coating are determined.

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Shi, Liang, Jian Zhong Liu, and Jia Ping Liu. "Influence and Mechanism of Polymer Coating on Shrinkage of Cement-Based Materials." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.923.

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The influence of polymer coating on the shrinkage of cement-based materials is comparatively analyzed in this paper. First of all, the relationship between cement-based materials shrinkage and water loss is discussed. Furthermore, some surface topography differences and pore structure changes of cement-based materials causing by polymer coating are investigated. At last, the affecting mechanism of polymer coating on reducing cement-based materials shrinkage is investigated. The results show that polymer coating can significantly reduce the shrinkage of cement-based materials. A more thick coating gets a higher shrinkage reducing ratio. There is a close relationship between cement-based materials water loss ratio and shrinkage ratio. Polymer coating can make the micro-crack on cement-based materials surface disappear. The cement-based materials coated with polymer have a lower surface layer cumulative average porosity than blank control group. The evaporation of capillary water and the development of negative capillary pressure in cement-based materials are controlled by polymer coating, thus the shrinkage becomes small.

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Simayee, Maedeh, and Majid Montazer. "A protective polyester fabric with magnetic properties using mixture of carbonyl iron and nano carbon black along with aluminium sputtering." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (September 13, 2016): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716667261.

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In the present work, polyester fabric with protective and magnetic properties is introduced using mixture of micro magnetic carbonyl iron powder and nano carbon black through pad-dry-cure method and sputter coating with aluminium (Al). This leads to X-band microwave absorbing properties as the great demand for protective garment. The morphology, static magnetic and X-band microwave absorbing properties of the treated fabrics were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and vector network analyzer in the range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. Normal-angle X-ray diffraction was used to study the crystalline structure of treated PET fabric. Compared with the blank polyethylene terephthalate fabric without Al sputter coating, the presence of nano carbon black and carbonyl iron powder on the polyethylene terephthalate fabric sputter coated with aluminum exhibited higher microwave absorbing properties particularly in the primary range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. The results in the whole frequency range investigated were remarkable; however, the reflection loss was found to be lower than −5.9 dB in the entire frequency. The maximum reflection loss value was reached to −7.7 dB at the frequency of 8.2 GHz. Overall, the co-application of nano carbon black and carbonyl iron powders on the polyethylene terephthalate fabric opens up a new coating method for X-band microwave absorbing properties.

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Cheng, Fei, Jonathan W. Betts, Stephen M. Kelly, David W. Wareham, Andreas Kornherr, Frederic Dumestre, Jens Schaller, and Thomas Heinze. "Whiter, brighter, and more stable cellulose paper coated with antibacterial carboxymethyl starch stabilized ZnO nanoparticles." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 20 (2014): 3057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21734e.

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A coating of CMS-stabilized ZnO nanoparticles has been deposited on a cellulose paper by a layer-by-layer approach. The coated papers show higher brightness and whiteness compared with blank paper. They also show good antibacterial activity against MRSA and A. baumannii.

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Sgarabotto, Francesco, and Andrea Ghiotti. "Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings for Sheet Metal Forming Tools: Laboratory and Industrial Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.543.

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In the last decades, Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) processes have been significantly improved and optimized for the applications on dies for sheet metal forming processes. However, due to the different contact conditions at dies-blank interfaces, and the wide range of applied contact pressures, the selection of the correct coating may be still affected by trials-and-error approaches. Although many methods to evaluate the tribological performances of such coatings can be found in scientific literature, they often suffer of limitations in reproducing the interface conditions typical of industrial processes. The objective of the present research work is to investigate the tribological behaviour of two coatings deposited by PVD magnetron sputtering technique. Both investigations in laboratory and industrial conditions were performed: the former to evaluate their tribological characteristics, the latter to test the performances of coatings in production lines. The results, in terms of wear resistance, outline the comparison of the new technology with the performances of traditional dies.

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Li, Shu Suo, Chun Xiao Zhang, Yong Wang Kang, and Ya Fang Han. "NiCr-CrAl Coating for Ni₃Al Base Alloy IC6AE." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1467.

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The effect of NiCr-CrAl coating on the microstructure, oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as mechanical properties of Ni3Al base alloy IC6AE has been studied in the present investigation. NiCr-CrAl coating for alloy IC6AE was prepared by the powder pack cementation method. The oxidation resistance tests were carried out under the condition of 1050°C/100h, while the hot corrosion resistance tests were under 900°C/100h. The tensile tests at the room temperature and the stress rupture life tests under 1050°C/90Mpa have been also conducted. The experimental results showed that NiCr-CrAl as-coated specimens had excellent oxidation and hot corrosion resistance compared with the alloy IC6AE blank specimens, and NiCr-CrAl coating has no obvious effect on the mechanical properties of alloy IC6AE. It may be concluded that NiCr-CrAl coating is suitable for the alloy IC6AE.

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29

Lee, M. S., J. H. Moon, and C. G. Kang. "Effect of the Die Temperature and Blank Thickness on the Formability of a Laser-Welded Blank of a Boron Steel Sheet with Removing Al-Si Coating Layer." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 925493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925493.

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Reducing carbon emissions has been a major focus in the automobile industry to address various environmental issues. In particular, studies on parts comprised of high strength sheets and light car bodies are ongoing. Accordingly, this study examined the use of boron steel, which is commonly used in high strength sheets. Boron steel is a type of sheet used for hot stamping parts. Although it has high strength, the elongation is inferior, which reduces its crash energy absorption capacity. To solve this problem, two sheets of different thickness were welded so the thin sheet would absorb crash energy and the thick sheet would work as a support. Boron steel, however, may show weakening at the welding spot due to the Al-Si coating layer used to prevent oxidation from occurring during the welding process. Therefore, a certain part of the coating layer of a double-thickness boron steel sheet that is welded in the hot stamping process is removed through laser ablation, and the formability of the hot-work was examined.

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30

Tikhani, Farimah, Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand, Hamed Fakharizadeh Bafghi, Maryam Jouyandeh, Henri Vahabi, Krzyszof Formela, Hossein Hosseini, et al. "Polyurethane/Silane-Functionalized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Powder Coatings: Thermal Degradation Kinetics." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040413.

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A polyurethane (PU)-based powder coating reinforced with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles (V-ZrO2) for thermal stability was developed. Chemical structure, microstructure and thermal degradation kinetics of the prepared coatings were investigated. The peak of aliphatic C–H vibrating bond in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of V-ZrO2 was a signature of VTMS attachment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveled that, by increase of V-ZrO2 content from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% and then 0.5 wt.%, some agglomerations of nanoparticles are formed in the PU matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PU/V-ZrO2 powder coatings was performed at different heating rates nonisothermally to capture alteration of activation energy (Ea) of degradation of PU/V-ZrO2 powder coatings as a function of partial mass loss by using Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Wall–Flynn (FWO) and modified Coats–Redfern isoconversional approaches. It was observed that by addition of 1 wt.% V-ZrO2 to PU resin the early state degradation temperature at 5% weight loss increased about 65 °C, suggesting a physical barrier effect limiting the volatility of free radicals and decomposition products. Incorporation of 5 wt.% ZrO2 led to about 16% and 10% increase in Ea and LnA of blank PU, respectively, which was indicative of higher thermal resistance of nanocomposite powder coatings against thermal degradation. There was also obvious agreement between model outputs and experimental data. The results reveal that nanocomposite coating shows superior thermal properties compared to neat PU powder coatings, and the presence of nano ZrO2 in sufficient amount causes retardation of the thermal decomposition process.

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Sorce, Fabian S., Sonny Ngo, Chris Lowe, and Ambrose C. Taylor. "Quantification and analysis of coating surface strains in T-bend tests." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 113, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2021): 1125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06628-z.

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AbstractPre-painted sheet metal (e.g. coil coated with polyester-melamine) undergoes large deformations when formed into architectural cladding or white goods. The coatings provide protection and superior aesthetics, so must withstand failure by cracking or delamination during forming. The T-bend test is an industry standard test used to qualitatively compare the formability of coatings and mimics the conditions experienced during hemming processes. The failure of coatings during forming is strain governed, so understanding the surface strains in the T-bend test is of great interest to manufacturers. For the first time, the maximum surface strains experienced during the T-bend test have been predicted using finite element modelling (FEM) and verified experimentally using digital image correlation. The experimental shapes of the deformed blank are compared with the FEM results for further verification. In addition, a novel analytical model is proposed to determine the maximum surface strains. It is shown that strains of up to ~ 225% are applied during a 0T test (bent around a zero thickness spacer) reducing to ~ 23% at 4T (bent around a four times sheet thickness spacer). The finite element model, experimental data and new analytical model show excellent agreement and indicate that behaviour is independent of the substrate thickness or material used. Understanding the strain behaviour quantifies the formerly qualitative T-bend. This will improve the efficacy of the test, allowing metal formers and coating developers to better understand the performance requirements, to reduce waste and to develop better coatings. Graphical abstract

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32

Bariani, Paolo F., Stefania Bruschi, Andrea Ghiotti, and Francesco Medea. "Wear Behaviour of Al-Si and Zn Coated 22MnB5 in Hot Stamping." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.209.

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Hot stamping of quenchenable high strength steels represents the most promising forming technology for the manufacturing of safety and crash relevant car parts. In such process, the manganese-boron steel 22MnB5 is homogeneously austenitized, formed and subsequently quenched in one process step, so that complex geometric structural components can be formed with an ultimate tensile strength up to 1500 MPa. Due to the high temperature, no lubrication is used during the process with consequent high wear and reduced service-life of the dies. Commercial available steel blanks usually present an Al-Si coating that has been specifically developed as a protection from oxidation and decarburization and, at the same time, has proved positive influence also on the decreasing the friction at interface between the blank and the dies during the forming. Although such coating is generally accepted as the only lubrication medium in hot stamping, its performances are considered not appropriate for a good lubrication. The paper presents the comparison of the standard Al-Si coating and a new Zn coating when applied to metal sheets in hot stamping. A novel apparatus to investigate the tribological conditions during sheet metal working processes is presented. In addition to the control of mechanical (i.e. normal pressure) and kinematic parameters (i.e. sliding speed, sliding length), the developed testing machine permits to reproduce the thermal fields and monitor the thermal conditions of the sheet and tool materials. Experiments were carried out on Zn coated 22MnB5 sheets in the range between 700° and 950°C and compared with the performances of the commercial Al-Si coating. The coating performances are investigated for different heating temperatures and soaking times.

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33

Huang, Xia Chun, Han Yu Wang, and Li Qun Zhou. "Interface Performance Analyses of Electrodeposited Nickel Coating on ABAQUS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.143.

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In this paper, ABAQUS was used to simulate the stamping process for electrodeposited nickel coating. In the simulation, a built-in cohesive zone model of ABAQUS was used to present electrodeposited nickel coating steel‘s interface performance. The computational results shows that, at the interface, the normal stress was between -113.765～3MPa，and the maximum tangential stress is 50 MPa. The maximum interface stress is at the die fillet during the process of stamping，and we analyze the case of delaminating and is used to assess the influence of the blank holder force，the clearance between the punch and the die and the tool radii. This method can be used as guidance for battery shell’s forming manufacture.

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34

Lee, Min Sik, Jun Park, J. S. Suresh Babu, and Chung Gil Kang. "Investigation on Friction Coefficient Considering Al-Si Coating Layer Fracture of Boron Sheets in Hot and Cold Deep Drawing." Key Engineering Materials 846 (June 2020): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.117.

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In this paper, hot and cold deep drawing processes are determined with direct deep drawing process and indirect deep drawing process. To predict the friction coefficient, the finite-element method, which can predict deformation behavior until the fracture of a blank sheet, was proposed using the forming limit diagram (FLD) curve. The effect of fracturing of the coating layer on the friction coefficient during the hot and cold deep drawing processes was investigated. The deformation behavior of the coating layer of the boron steel sheet that affects the friction coefficient in the hot and cold deep drawing processes was also proposed. A forming method that can control the surface condition of the formed product is further proposed by explaining the fracture of the coating due to the forming process.

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35

Liu, Jun Quan, Run Feng Zhao, and Neng B. Li. "Two Surface Treatment Processes and Their Influence on Magnesium Electrochemical Activity." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.513.

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Two different surface treatments were adopted to form the film layers whose equivalent circuits were simulated by electrochemical impedance measurement. Discharge performance of each treated surface was studied by the electrochemical, potential step and current step in sodium chloride solution. The microstructures of treated and blank magnesium were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after discharge. According to the SEM observation, the discharge process of the sample treated by the nickel electroless plating had been deduced. For the electroless magnesium alloy, the experiments have proved that not only does the activity appear in the range of coating thickness, but the activity continues in the substrate metal under coating.

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36

Harada, Yasunori, Kenzo Fukaura, and Kenichiro Mori. "Formability of Beta Titanium Alloy in Multi-Stage Deep Drawing Process." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.121.

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In the multi-stage deep drawing processes of a beta titanium alloy sheet, the formability has been investigated. The beta titanium alloy sheets have sufficient ductility at room temperature, whereas a seizure tends to occur during deep drawing due to high reactivity with other materials. To prevent the seizure, the beta titanium alloy sheet was treated by oxide coating heating, because the coated sheet was not in direct contact with the die during deep drawing due to the existence of the oxide layer. The blank used was the commercial beta titanium alloy Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al. The effect of the coating condition on the formability in the multi-stage deep drawing process was examined. It was found that long drawn cups with a height sixfold that of the diameter were successfully formed by oxide coating heating.

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37

Wang, Jin Lun, Feng Chong Lan, and Ji Qing Chen. "Study on Formability of Tailor-Welded Blank Based on Sheet Metal Matching." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.618.

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As tailor-welded blank having two or more sheet metal welded together, with different mechanical properties, coating and thicknesses, its yield strength and tensile strength are higher, but hardening exponent and elongation are lower than a single sheet. The different mechanical properties of substrates and weld movement have significant effects on TWB’s formability, different materials or thicknesses easily lead to uneven deformation and forming defects such as cracking, wrinkle and springback. This paper takes tailor-welded box-shaped part for example; the forming process and weld movement were simulated and analyzed. In this process, the weld type was ignored, only considering the weld-line position, using segmented blank holder to control the size of the blank holder force on both sides respectively. Three cases of sheet metal matching were carried out including: different thicknesses with same material, same thickness with different materials, and different thicknesses with different materials. Finally, some meaningful results were obtained.

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38

Fabritius, Martin, Amir Andreas Al-Munajjed, Christiane Freytag, Henriette Jülke, Markus Zehe, Thomas Lemarchand, Jacobus J. Arts, Detlef Schumann, Volker Alt, and Katrin Sternberg. "Antimicrobial Silver Multilayer Coating for Prevention of Bacterial Colonization of Orthopedic Implants." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061415.

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Due to increasing rates of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), new approaches are needed to minimize the infection risk. The first goal of this study was to modify a well-established infection model to test surface-active antimicrobial systems. The second goal was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a silver multilayer (SML) coating. In vitro tests with SML items showed a >4 Log reduction in a proliferation assay and a 2.2 Log reduction in an agar immersion test (7 d). In the in vivo model blank and SML coated K-wires were seeded with ~2 × 104 CFU of a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE) and inserted into the intramedullary tibial canal of rabbits. After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed and a clinical, microbiological and histological analysis was performed. Microbiology showed a 1.6 Log pathogen reduction on the surface of SML items (p = 0.022) and in loosely attached tissue (p = 0.012). In the SML group 7 of 12 SML items were completely free of pathogens (cure rate = 58%, p = 0.002), while only 1 of 12 blank items were free of pathogens (cure rate = 8%, p = 0.110). No silver was detected in the blood or urine of the SML treated animals and only scarcely in the liver or adjacent lymph nodes. In summary, an in vivo infection model to test implants with bacterial pre-incubation was established and the antimicrobial activity of the SML coating was successfully proven.

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39

Posuvailo, V. M., V. V. Vytvytskiy, M. M. Romaniv, and T. O. Pryhorovska. "INFLUENCE OF PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ALUMINUM ON COATING GROWTH RATE." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 1(59) (January 28, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2020-1(59)-165-178.

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There has been carried out an analysis of methods of oxide covering formation productivity increasing during plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum in electrolyte. There has been developed a technology of blank manufacturing and part strengthening by plasma electrolytic oxidation in the electrolyte, as well as the workbench has been modernized. There has been studied the process of oxidoceramic coating synthesis for the D16T aluminum deformed alloy of during plasma electrolytic oxidation in the electrolyte for different process parameters. It is established that the growth rate of oxidoceramic coating can be significantly increased by electrolyte component concentration involved in aluminum oxidation and rational choice of process electrical parameters. Hydrogen peroxide addition leads to obtained oxoceramic coating thickness increasing due to O, O2, OH, OH– concentration increasing in the electrolyte. It is established that the optimal concentration of H2O2 ranges from 5 g/l to 7 g/l. A further increase of peroxide concentration leads to a decrease in peroxide effect on oxoceramic coating growth rate on the D16T aluminum deformed alloy due to pH changes of the electrolyte and the deterioration of the oxide coating.

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40

Harada, Yasunori, and Minoru Ueyama. "Multi-Stage Cold Deep Drawing of Pure Titanium Square Cup." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1072.

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This paper deals with the formability of pure titanium sheet in square cup deep drawing. Pure titanium has very excellent corrosion resistance. In the metal forming process, pure titanium has very good ductility in cold forming. The normal anisotropy of pure titanium is very high. Therefore, the property is suitable to the sheet metal forming, such as deep drawing process. However, the most important problem is that the occurrence of seizure becomes remarkable in severe forming operations. Many investigations on the effect of processing conditions on the seizure of titanium were carried out. In the present study, the formability of pure titanium sheet in square cup deep drawing was investigated. For the prevention, pure titanium sheets were treated by heat oxide coating. The fresh and clean titanium is not in direct contact with the die during the forming due to the existence of the oxide layer. The material was pure titanium sheets of the JIS grade 2. The initial thickness of the blank was 0.5 mm in thickness. In the deep drawing process, the sheets were employed and a flat sheet blank is formed into a square by a punch. Forming of sheet by multi-stage deep drawing was tried. Various cups were drawn by exchanging the punch and die. The die was taper without a blankholder in the subsequent stages. The effects of the intermediate annealing and tool shape on the occurrence of seizure in square cup deep drawing were also examined. The square cups were successfully drawn by heat oxide coating. The coating of titanium sheet has sufficient ability in preventing the seizure in multi-stage deep drawing operation. The results of the present study revealed that the pure titanium square cups were successfully formed by using heat oxide coating treatment.

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41

Gerasimova, A. A., A. G. Radyuk, and A. Yu Zarapin. "The Calculation of the Thickness of Thermal Spray Coating for Protection of Low Alloyed Steel when Heated under Rolling." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.729.

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In scientific work has been developed a thickness calculation procedure of an aluminum thermal spray coating, sprayed on the low-alloyed steel surfaces in order to provide its effective protection at hight temperatures. The method is based on the calculations of the diffusion layer thickness with consideration of temperature change on the blank`s surface and on the dependence of the parameter (directly proportional to the diffusional coefficient) on the temperature.

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42

Younis, AA. "Protection of polyester fabric from ignition by a new chemical modification method." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 3 (May 13, 2016): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716648761.

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The purpose of this research is to improve ignition properties and anti-dripping of polyester fabric by using adhesion promoter (AP). The ignition properties of the untreated and treated specimens with durable flame retardant coating and non-durable flame retardant coating were estimated by horizontal flame chamber (UL-94), single-flame source and limiting oxygen index (LOI). The chemical structures of the pre- and final composites have been determined by Fourier transform infrared spectra with attenuated total reflection analysis spectroscopy. The mechanical tests and thermal properties were applied to study their tensile strength and thermal behaviors. The results show that AP has improved the flame retardancy and dripping of PET fabric compared to blank. The char yield increased from 8% to 18%, LOI from 17.5% to 27.5%.

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43

Zhang, Yi Teng, Lian Zuo, Jin Chao Yang, Wei Xia Zhao, and Xiang Xiong Zeng. "Influence of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproofing Material on the Water Impermeability and Microstructure of Concrete." Materials Science Forum 953 (May 2019): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.953.209.

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The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) material on the water impermeability and microstructure of concrete. The water impermeability of concrete covered with or without CCCW material was tested according to the Chinese standard GB 18445-2012. The results indicate that concretes coated with CCCW material showed much higher water impermeability than blank ones, and the ratio of water impermeability pressure between them reached 275. The samples obtained in various depths of hardened cement paste specimens with or without CCCW coating were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), to study the differences in microstructure and hydration products. The results present that after a 28-day standard curing, there were lots of ettringite crystals and CaCO3 formed in the paste in 1 cm from the coating, but the action depth of the CCCW coating could not reach 3 cm. The ettringite and CaCO3 is precipitated in the pore structure of cement matrix and ﬁlling the voids, which leads to the signiﬁcant enhancement in water impermeability.

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44

Gerasimova, Alla A., Sergey Gorbatyuk, and V. Devyatiarova. "Application of Gas-Thermal Coatings on Low-Alloyed Steel Surfaces." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1284.

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In the present scientific work a thickness calculation procedure of an aluminum gas-thermal coating, sprayed on the low-alloyed steel surfaces, in order to provide its effective protection at high temperatures, has been developed. The method is based on the calculations of the diffusion layer thickness with consideration the temperature change on the blank`s surface and on the dependence of the parameter (directly proportional to the diffusion coefficient) on the temperature over the range 700 to 1200 °C.

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45

Roquete, Ana Paula Jardim, Valeska Rodrigues Roque, Laura Martins Fonseca, Lorena Aparecida Nunes Viana, Angélica Karine Henkes, and Alexandre Ferreira Galio. "Development of Coating to Metallic Surfaces with Capacitive Capabilities for Applications in Electronics." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.680.

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The capacitive properties on aluminum alloy coated by sol-gel are evaluated in this work. The samples were anodized in a H2SO4 solution for three different times (15, 20 and 30 min) and subsequently covered by a sol-gel. The capacitance of the samples was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Firstly the capacitance of the anodizing samples was evaluated. The second condition was the evaluation of the anodized samples coated by sol-gel. The better capacitance results obtained in the first condition was observed in the blank samples and by the 15 min anodized samples. After the sol-gel deposition, the influence of coating on the overall capacitance was observed. Their stability during the immersion time of the evaluation was observed as well.

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46

Chen, Shun Tong, and Yun Cheng Lai. "Development of a Thin CBN Grinding-Tool by Compound Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.359.

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This study presents a compound process combining composite electroforming with wire Electrical Discharge Machining (w-EDM) for developing a thin cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding-tool. A precisely designed set-up in which a small compound depositing tank providing effectual convection of a compound electroplating solution to help fabricate a CBN grinding-blank is presented. A funneled entrance design for converging CBN grits in the working tank and creating a depositing effect on the substrate is employed and proposed. Considerable micro CBN abrasives are evenly embedded into the nickel-based coating layer, which offers enough abrasives for grinding-edge. Subsequently, the coated grinding-blank is trued and dressed by using w-EDM to form a multiple thin CBN grinding-tool. Experimental results indicate that the electroforming process can create a Ni-based CBN layer of high-integrity under current density of 2 ASD and concentration of 8.6 g/l CBN grits. Moreover, the CBN grinding-edge of 10 μm in thickness (each edge) can be achieved.

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47

Li, Chengyi, Qunwu Huang, and Yiping Wang. "Effect of Color Coating of Cover Plate on Thermal Behavior of Flat Plate Solar Collector." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246696.

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An important trend of Building Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) system is to improve the aesthetic aspect of the solar collector to meet the requirement of architectural style and energy collection. Painting on the glass cover in an appropriate method is a simple and practical way. In this study, a halftone coating was used to print a red brick wall pattern on the glass cover. A series of comparative experiments were carried out to test the effect of the coating on the thermal behavior of the solar collector. In heat collection processes, compared with the solar collector with blank cover plate, the one with coated cover plate has lower absorber plate temperature and higher cover plate temperature. The lower the solar irradiance, the smaller the effect of color coating on the solar collector. Compared with the uncoated surface, the coated surface is more sensitive to solar irradiation. In the same heat collection process, compared with the solar collector coated on the outer surface of the cover plate, the one coated on the inner surface has 0.8 °C higher heat absorber plate temperature and 5% lower top heat loss.

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48

Chen, Ai Zheng, Yan Bai, Shi Bin Wang, Yuan Gang Liu, and Zong Xiang Chen. "Molecular Biocompatibility Evaluation of Poly-L-Ornithine-Coated Alginate Microcapsules by Investigating mRNA Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 14 (July 2012): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.14.53.

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Following a polyelectrolytical complex reaction, the poly-L-ornithine (PLO)-alginate microcapsules were prepared by coating PLO on calcium alginate beads which were produced by a high-voltage electrostatic droplet generator. The biocompatibility of the microcapsules at the molecular level was evaluated through investigating the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; that is, the effect of the PLO coating of alginate beads on the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured using the RT-PCR method. The resulting PLO-coated alginate microcapsules have a smooth surface with a mean diameter of 309µm. The molecular biocompatibility studies show that coating microcapsules with PLO has no significant effect on the biocompatibility of alginate microcapsules (p>0.05), and both alginate microcapsules and PLO-coated microcapsules are significantly different from the positive control (p<0.05); however, both are also capable of causing an inflammatory response at a molecular level since both are significantly different from the blank control (p<0.05). Furthermore, with the increase in concentration of microcapsules or co-cultured time, part of the mRNA expression of cytokines is significantly increased. The results also demonstrate that the method used in this study, co-incubating the microcapsules with macrophages and measuring the mRNA expression of cytokines by RT-PCR, may be a useful method for evaluating the biocompatibility of coating materials of microcapsules.

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Sgarabotto, Francesco, Andrea Ghiotti, and Stefania Bruschi. "Novel Experimental Set-Up to Investigate the Wear of Coatings for Sheet Metal Forming Tools." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.825.

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The use of PVD and CVD coatings has increased significantly thanks to the improved tribological performances they offer in many metalforming processes. Nevertheless the proper coating selection for a specific forming operation is not well established yet, being mainly based on trails and error approaches. The use of FEM-supported analyses may represent an effective support in the optimization of process parameters, but the need of testing procedures and reliable models to describe the mechanical and tribological phenomena at the interface between the dies and the workpiece is still significant. The paper presents a novel experimental set-up for the evaluation of the wear resistance of dies coatings in sheet metal forming operations. A progressive stamping process was taken as reference case and analyzed by numerical analyses. Contact pressures, temperatures and tangential loads at the tools-blank interface were evaluated in each deformation step. TiAlN and CrN were selected as reference coatings and deposited via magnetron sputtering technique. The first part of the research was focused on the design of the novel set-up capable to carry out controlled wear tests in laboratory environment, performed with the parameters obtained from the numerical simulation. The results of such experiments were compared to the ones from standard laboratory tests and with industrial trials, though measurements of loads, of surface roughness evolution and by surface investigations trough Scanning Electron Microscope observations.

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50

Couto, C. P., R. Politano, Maurilio Pereira Gomes, M. A. Colosio, and Jesualdo Luiz Rossi. "Diffusion Analyses Using GDOES Technique of the 22MnB5 Press Hardened Steel with Al-Si and Zn-Ni Coatings." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.472.

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Abstract:

The hot stamping process consists to heat the steel blank, at total austenitization temperatures and to transfer it into the press tooling for forming and fast cooling to fully martensitic transformation. This transference from furnace to press stage promotes some steel oxidation. The application of metallic coatings avoids this phenomenon. The Al-Si coating, a patented process, has been the most applied on steel. Hence, alternative coatings like Zn-Ni are under development. It is known that this furnace heating causes chemical elements diffusion that results in intermetallics formation. This study had the objective of analyze the diffusion profiles of chemical elements present in the substrate, 22MnB5 steel, and coatings of Al-Si and Zn-Ni, using glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy - GDOES and to correlate the results with those obtained with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - EDS. The results showed that for the Zn-Ni sample, the Zn and Fe profiles at the interfacial zone, are predominant; which justify the high proportion of ZnFe phases as showed using scanning electron microscopy - SEM images. For the Al-Si sample at the interfacial zone, the profile of Al and Fe varies simultaneously; besides that, silicon diffusion in the substrate is more effectively than the nickel diffusion. For this reason, it was possible to identify AlFeSi phase near to the steel substrate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Blank coating'

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